JAX® Services for Diabetes Research
JAX® NOTES Issue 510, Summer 2008
JAX® Services offers four highly successful services that facilitate diabetes research:
- JAX® In Vivo Services. We use a battery of high-throughput, non-invasive tests to evaluate novel compounds and clinically relevant disease endpoints in mouse models of diabetes and obesity.
- STZ-induced Diabetes. We use streptozotocin (STZ) to damage pancreatic islets and induce diabetes in males of several strains of mice, including C57BL/6J (moderately susceptible) and NOD/ShiLtJ (001976) and CBA/J (000656) (both highly susceptible. Strains FVB/NJ (001800), BALB/cJ (000651), and A/J (000646) are resistant.
- JAX® Diet-induced Obesity (DIO) Services. We use special diets to produce obese mice, including the most popular and well-characterized DIO model, the male C57BL/6J (B6, 000664) mouse. This service may be combined with In Vivo Services to evaluate novel compounds.
- JAX® Services "study-ready" DIO mice. We can deliver study-ready DIO C57BL/6J males from six to 26 weeks old to you or to JAX® In Vivo Services for studies conducted according to your specifications. Mice fed a control diet are also available.
For details about these and other JAX® Services, please visit our website.
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| A Jackson Laboratory Research Assistant loads test tubes containing mouse serum into a centrifuge for an experiment in the laboratory of Dr. David Serreze. |
The Type 1 Diabetes Resource
The Type 1 Diabetes Resource (T1DR) collects and cryopreserves mouse strains that may be used to research type 1 diabetes. Included are NOD strains carrying transgenes and targeted mutations and NOD and NOD-related strains congenic for chromosomal intervals containing type 1 diabetes susceptibility or resistance loci. The strains are either generated here at The Jackson Laboratory or donated by external investigators. Each strain is distributed live for a limited period of time, on a rotating basis, so check regularly.
The T1DR also serves as the Mouse Generation and Husbandry Core (MGHC) for the Animal Models of Diabetes Complications Consortium (AMDCC), whose mission is to coordinate efforts to produce and/or improve and characterize animal models of human diabetic complications. The T1DR produces, maintains, expands, phenotypes, and distributes new strains established in cooperation with the AMDCC.
The Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Resource Manual
Our updated Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Resource Manual contains a wealth of useful information for diabetes researchers. It includes a chart comparing type 2 diabetes and obesity phenotypes among humans and selected JAX® Mice models (see Table 1 below for a modified version), and brief descriptions of selected JAX® Mice models and relevant JAX® Services, online resources, and courses and conferences. You can obtain a complimentary copy of this manual and other JAX® Mice & Services literature by filling out the literature request form.
For more information about our diabetes resources, visit the JAX® Mice Database, or contact one of our technical information support scientists at micetech@jax.org, 1-800-422-6423, or 1-207-288-5845.
Types of Diabetes
There are two major types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is characterized by the destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Patients produce little or no insulin. It accounts for only 5-10% of diabetes cases in America. Type 2 is a combination of an inability to properly use and produce adequate amounts of insulin. It accounts for 90-95% of diabetes cases in America (American Diabetes Association, www.diabetes.org).
Table 1. Comparison of diabetes phenotypes among humans and selected JAX® Mice models of type 2 diabetes (modified from the Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Resource Manual).
| Humans and mouse models (Stock number) |
Induced or Spontaneous |
Genetics | Onset | Sex |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humans | Spontaneous | Polygenic | Mature (progressive) |
M, F |
| NONcNZO10/LtJ (004456) | Diet-induced | Polygenic | Mature | M, F |
| C57BL/6J (000664) | Diet-induced | Polygenic | Mature | M |
| KK.Cg-Ay/J (002468) | Spontaneous | Polygenic | Mature | M, F |
| BKS.Cg-m +/+ Leprdb/J (000642) | Spontaneous | Polygenic | Young | M, F |
| B6.V-Lepob/J (000632) | Spontaneous | Polygenic | Young | M, F |
| BTBR.V(B6)-Lepob/WiscJ (004824) | Spontaneous | Polygenic | 6 wks (M); 8 wks (F) (progressive) |
M, F |
| KK/HlJ (002106) | Spontaneous | Polygenic | Mature | M |
| NZL/LtJ (005067) | Spontaneous | Polygenic | Mature | M |
| BKSChpLt.HRS-Cpefat/J (002391) | Spontaneous | Polygenic | Mature | M |
| TALLYHO/JngJ (005314) | Spontaneous | Polygenic | Mature | M |
Table 1 continued
| Humans and mouse models (Stock number) |
Hyper- insulinemia |
Glucose intolerance |
Hyper- gllycemia |
Islet atrophy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humans | Moderate | Yes | Yes | Variable |
| NONcNZO10/LtJ (004456) | Moderate | Yes | Severe | Yes |
| C57BL/6J (000664) | Mild | Yes | Moderate | No |
| KK.Cg-Ay/J (002468) | Severe | Yes | Yes | Hypertrophy |
| BKS.Cg-m +/+ Leprdb/J (000642) | Severe | Yes | Severe | Yes |
| B6.V-Lepob/J (000632) | Severe | Yes | Moderate (transient) |
No |
| BTBR.V(B6)-Lepob/WiscJ (004824) | Severe | Severe | Severe | Earlier in males |
| KK/HlJ (002106) | Severe | Yes | Yes | Hypertrophy |
| NZL/LtJ (005067) | Yes | Yes | Yes | ND |
| BKSChpLt.HRS-Cpefat/J (002391) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Hypertrophy |
| TALLYHO/JngJ (005314) | Yes | Yes | Males | Hypertrophy (males) |
