Strain Name:

STOCK a Tyrp1b Sisi/J

Stock Number:

000064

Availability:

Cryopreserved - Ready for recovery

Description

The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.

Strain Information

Former Names STOCK a Tyrp1b Si/J    (Changed: 16-JUN-05 )
STOCK a Tyrp1b si    (Changed: 15-DEC-04 )
Type Mutant Stock;
Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice.
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Specieslaboratory mouse
GenerationpF4p

Appearance
black with varying amounts of silver hairs
Related Genotype: a/a, Tyrp1b/Tyrp1b Sisi/Sisi or a/a Tyrp1b/+, Sisi/Sisi

Description
Several proteins have been characterized as being critical for melanogenesis, including tyrosinase and its related proteins tyrosinase related protein 1 and 2 (TRP-1 and TRP-2). The silver locus protein (SI) is also crucial to the normal melanogenic pathway and it is believed that the interactions of these, and probably other, proteins are necessary for proper melanin pigment production within melanocytes. Nonagouti mice (a/a) homozygous for the recessive si mutation display a range of coat color variations, including all black and all white. Also, single hairs can be both black and white as the tips contain no pigment while the base retains pigmentation. Black and white banding patterns in individual hairs is also observed. It is noted that similar si/si hair color variation is also seen on the agouti background. Young a/a mice typically have black hairs, with some silver/grey hair present on the head, behind the ears and around the posterior. The hair generally becomes progressively lighter with age, with the males displaying more silvering than the females. The silver mutation causes a graying of hair because the follicular melanocytes become dysfunctional and eventually die. Variations in the silvering of the coat color reflect an overall reduction in the number or total lack of melanocytic pigment granules. The loss of these melanocytes, in fact, co-localizes with hypopigmented hair follicles. Also, reduced viability of si/si melanocytes is observed in vitro where these cultured cells exhibit very slow growth rates and have a reduced life span compared to similarly prepared wild type melanocytes.

Functionally, two general activities have been linked to GP87. First, this protein has been reported to be a stabilizing structural matrix glycoprotein in cultured B16 murine melanoma cells as the carboxy-terminus contains an epitope that is recognized by the anti-melanosomal matrix protein antibody alpha-MX. The protein is exclusively restricted to the melanosomal compartment itself as shown by Western blotting of sub-cellular fractions, but is not detected in coated vesicles that shuttle tyrosinase-related proteins to melanosomes. Therefore, the trafficking of the silver protein is distinct. The predicted protein product of GP87 contains a single potential transmembrane domain but based on detergent solubility studies, the protein is likely to be loosely associated with the melanosomal matrix, or contained near the inner aspects of the organelle membrane, or even free in the space between the matrix and membrane. This is in contrast to the subcellular localization of TRP-1 and TRP-2, which are known integral membrane proteins. GP87 is rapidly synthesized and delivered to the melanosomes. Soon after, the protein is processed to lose its C-terminus, as shown through specific reactivity by using a peptide that recognizes this epitope (alpha PEP13). It is not clear what function this post-translational step plays in the normal melanosome but by acting as a structural component, the silver protein could restrict melanogenesis to the appropriate intracellular compartment and 1) protect the cells from toxic melanogenic metabolites such as 5,6-dihydroxyindole and/or 2) stabilize melanin metabolites such as dihydroxyindoles and indolequinones. The silver protein has also been proposed to have an enzymatic role in catalyzing melanin formation through the polymerization of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA). Melanin synthesis via the enzymatic conversion of DHICA was found to be mediated by the silver protein through an immunopurification assay conducted on extracts from cultured Cloudman S91 mouse melanoma cells.

Based on primary sequence analysis, the protein product of the si allele is predicted to be mistargeted within melanocytes. Direct evidence for this comes from melan-Si cells (Tyrp1b/+ Sisi/Sisi). These si/si cells express the mutant protein abnormally outside of the melanosome/pre-melanosome in the soluble fraction where the protein appears degraded or in aggregates. The mutant silver protein, therefore, is misrouted within si/si melanosomes. Interestingly, tyrosinase also is not normally localized within the melan-Si cells. Disrupted protein distribution in the silver mutant melanosomes likely results in a lack of the formation of functional melanogenic complexes containing GP87, tyrosinase and TRPs. While it is not clear what leads to si/si melanocyte death, it could be due to cytotoxic events induced by the mutation that causes the release of toxic melanin precursors. The chemical properties of melanins found in Si hair pigment granules were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric assays measuring levels of pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (PTCA), aminohydroxyphenylalanine (AHP), spectrophotometric eumelanin (SE), spectrophotometric pheomelanin (SP) and alkali-soluble melanins. The chemical properties of silver hair-derived melanins are similar to brown and light hair melanins but as expected, the total melanin content is much lower compared to black hair melanins (reduced by one-fifth to one-tenth). Chemical characterization of the pigment forms found in silver melanins revealed a partial suppression of eumelanogenesis similar to that seen in the brown hair locus mutants (encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1).

Follicular melanocytes of silver mice are more susceptible to damage resulting from X-irradiation. Since human GP100 is an antigenic marker for a variety of human melanomas that can be recognized by CD8+ T lymphocytes, the silver mutant might serve as a model to experimentally test for potential immunotherapies. (Dunn and Thigpen, 1930; Spanakis et al., 1992; Ozeki et al., 1995; Lamoreux et al., 2001; Kwon et al., 1995; Martinez-Esparza et al., 1999; Zhou et al., 1994; Kobayashi et al., 1994; Solano et al., 2000; Chakraborty et al., 1996; Berson et al., 2001; Martinez-Esparza et al., 2000b; Cormier et al., 1998).

Development
This "silver grey" stock was acquired by Dunn and Thigpen (Dunn and Thigpen 1930) in 1927 from a single pair of mice from the house mouse colony, where the mutation arose, maintained by English fancier William Turton. Silver (Dunn-MacDowell-Gowen) was subsequently maintained in LGW inbred mice at Iowa State University and was bred into the linkage stock carrying Pcdh15av/Pcdh15av, Sisi/Sisi, Tyrp1b/+, ae/ae (RH Schaible, 1957). Pcdh15av is a mutation that arose on the K strain in 1955 and linkage with the silver locus was demonstrated (RH Schaible, 1961); extreme non-agouti, ae, appeared in mice descending from x-ray mutagenized male breeders of the S strain (Hollander and Gowen, 1956). In 1963, this "av" linkage stock was imported from RH Schaible to the Jackson Laboratory where mice were sibling mated for 14 generations. A single outcross to C57BL/10Gn occurred in 1968 and mice were sibling mating thereafter; Pcdh15av has not been detected in this stock since the outcross. In 1979 at about F50, males from this strain (a/a, Tyrp1b/Tyrp1b, Sisi/Sisi) were outcrossed to female B6C3Fe-a/a F1 mice for frozen embryo storage. In 1987, B6C3Fe-a/a X STOCK a Tyrp1b Sisi embryos were thawed and a live stock reconstituted. These mice were sibling mated [F1p] F3 through F5 to generate additional embryo stocks in 1988. Either of these sets of frozen stocks may be used to reconstitute this strain. Embryos are homozygous for both the silver mutation and a, and segregate for the Tyrp1b allele.

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Tyrp1b allele
000004   ABP/LeJ
000571   B6.Cg-Whrnwi Tyrp1b/+ +/J
000027   B6.D-Tyrp1b Dock7m/J
000670   DBA/1J
000265   MY/HuLeJ
001045   SI/Col Tyrp1b Dnahc11iv/J
002238   STOCK a Tyrp1b shmy/J
001432   STOCK a/a Tyrp1b sks/Tyrp1b +/J
000594   STOCK T(2;8)26H a/T(2;8)26H a Tyrp1+/Tyrp1b/J
001101   STOCK T(3;4)5Rk Tyrp1b/J
000274   TSJ/LeJ
View Strains carrying   Tyrp1b     (11 strains)

Strains carrying   a allele
003879   B10;TFLe-a/a T tf/+ tf/J
001538   B6 x B6C3Sn a/A-T(1;9)27H/J
000916   B6 x B6C3Sn a/A-T(5;12)31H/J
000602   B6 x B6C3Sn a/A-T(8;16)17H/J
000618   B6 x FSB/GnEi a/a Ctslfs/J
000577   B6 x STOCK a Oca2p Hps5ru2 Ednrbs/J
000601   B6 x STOCK a/a T(7;18)50H/J
000592   B6 x STOCK T(2;4)13H a/J
000001   B6.C3 A/a Mgrn1md/J
000231   B6;C3Fe a/a-Csf1op/J
000785   B6;D2-a Es1e/EiJ
000604   B6C3 a/A-T(10;13)199H +/+ Lystbg-J/J or Lystbg-2J/J
002807   B6C3Fe a/a-Meox2fla/J
000224   B6C3Fe a/a-Scyl1mdf/J
001037   B6C3Fe a/a-Agtpbp1pcd/J
000221   B6C3Fe a/a-Alx4lst-J/J
002062   B6C3Fe a/a-Atp7aMo-8J/J
001756   B6C3Fe a/a-Cacng2stg/J
001815   B6C3Fe a/a-Col1a2oim/J
000209   B6C3Fe a/a-Dh/J
000211   B6C3Fe a/a-Dstdt-J/J
000210   B6C3Fe a/a-Edardl-J/J
000207   B6C3Fe a/a-Edaraddcr/J
000182   B6C3Fe a/a-Eef1a2wst/J
001278   B6C3Fe a/a-Glra1spd/J
000241   B6C3Fe a/a-Glrbspa/J
002875   B6C3Fe a/a-Hoxd13spdh/J
000304   B6C3Fe a/a-Krt71Ca Scn8amed-J/J
000226   B6C3Fe a/a-Largemyd/J
000636   B6C3Fe a/a-Lmx1adr-J/J
001280   B6C3Fe a/a-Lse/J
001573   B6C3Fe a/a-MitfMi/J
001035   B6C3Fe a/a-Napahyh/J
000181   B6C3Fe a/a-Otogtwt/J
000278   B6C3Fe a/a-Papss2bm Hps1ep Hps6ru/J
000205   B6C3Fe a/a-Papss2bm/J
002078   B6C3Fe a/a-Pcdh15av-2J/J
000246   B6C3Fe a/a-Pitpnavb/J
001430   B6C3Fe a/a-Ptch1mes/J
000506   B6C3Fe a/a-Qkqk/J
000235   B6C3Fe a/a-Relnrl/J
000237   B6C3Fe a/a-Rorasg/J
000290   B6C3Fe a/a-Sox10Dom/J
000230   B6C3Fe a/a-Tcirg1oc/J
003612   B6C3Fe a/a-Trak1hyrt/J
001512   B6C3Fe a/a-Ttnmdm/J
001607   B6C3Fe a/a-Unc5crcm/J
000005   B6C3Fe a/a-Wc/J
000243   B6C3Fe a/a-Wnt1sw/J
000248   B6C3Fe a/a-Xpl/J
001750   B6C3Fe a/a-XsJ/J
000624   B6C3Fe a/a-anx/J
008044   B6C3Fe a/a-bpck/J
003020   B6C3Fe a/a-dep/J
002018   B6C3Fe a/a-din/J
002339   B6C3Fe a/a-nma/J
000240   B6C3Fe a/a-soc/J
000063   B6C3Fe a/a-sy/J
001055   B6C3Fe a/a-tip/J
000245   B6C3Fe a/a-tn/J
000296   B6C3Fe-a/a Hoxa13Hd Mcoln3Va-J/J
000019   B6C3Fe-a/a-Itpr1opt/J
001022   B6C3FeF1/J a/a
006450   B6EiC3 a/A-Vss/GrsrJ
000971   B6EiC3 a/A-Och/J
000551   B6EiC3 a/A-Tbx15de-H/J
000557   B6EiC3-+ a/LnpUl A/J
000503   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Gy/J
001811   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Otcspf-ash/J
002343   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Otcspf/J
000391   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Pax6Sey-Dey/J
001924   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Ts(1716)65Dn
001923   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Ts(417)2Lws Tim/J
000225   C3FeLe.B6 a/a-Ptpn6me/J
008425   C3FeLe.B6-a Trl/J
000198   C3FeLe.B6-a/J
000291   C3FeLe.Cg-a/a Hm KitlSl Krt71Ca-J/J
001886   C3HeB/FeJLe a/a-gnd/J
000584   C57BL/6J-+ T(1;2)5Ca/a +/J
000284   CWD/LeJ
000670   DBA/1J
000671   DBA/2J
001057   HPT/LeJ
000260   JGBF/LeJ
000265   MY/HuLeJ
000308   SSL/LeJ
000994   STOCK a Myo5ad Mregdsu/J
002238   STOCK a Tyrp1b shmy/J
001433   STOCK a skt/J
000579   STOCK a tp/J
000319   STOCK a us/J
002648   STOCK a/a Cln6nclf/J
000317   STOCK a/a Egfrwa2/J
000302   STOCK a/a MitfMi-wh +/+ Itpr1opt/J
000286   STOCK a/a Myo5ad fd/+ +/J
000206   STOCK a/a Tyrc-h/J
001432   STOCK a/a Tyrp1b sks/Tyrp1b +/J
000281   STOCK a/a ma Flgft/ma Flgft/J
000312   STOCK stb + a/+ Fignfi a/J
000596   STOCK T(2;11)30H/+ x AEJ-a Gdf5bp-H/J or A/J-a Gdf5bp-J/J
000970   STOCK T(2;16)28H A/T(2;16)28H a/J
000590   STOCK T(2;4)1Sn a/J
000594   STOCK T(2;8)26H a/T(2;8)26H a Tyrp1+/Tyrp1b/J
000623   TR/DiEiJ
View Strains carrying   a     (104 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Tyrp1
000957   AKXD28/TyJ
000093   B6.B10(D1)-Tyrp1b-c/J
008684   B6.Cg-Rag1tm1Mom Tyrp1B-w Tg(Tcra,Tcrb)9Rest/J
000068   C57BL/6J-Tyrp1b-J/J
000671   DBA/2J
006252   LT/SvEiJ
002142   STOCK 11R30m/J
000594   STOCK T(2;8)26H a/T(2;8)26H a Tyrp1+/Tyrp1b/J
View Strains carrying other alleles of Tyrp1     (8 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of a
003301   (C57BL/6J x C3H-Eya1bor)F1/J
000251   AEJ.Cg-ae +/a Gdf5bp-H/J
000202   AEJ/Gn-bd/J
000199   AEJ/GnLeJ
000433   B10.C-H3c H13? A/(28NX)SnJ
000427   B10.CE-H13b Aw/(30NX)SnJ
000423   B10.KR-H13? A/SnJ
000420   B10.LP-H13b Aw/Sn
000477   B10.PA-Pldnpa H3e at/SnJ
000419   B10.UW-H3b we Pax1un at/SnJ
000593   B6 x B6CBCa Aw-J/A-Grid2Lc T(2;6)7Ca MitfMi-wh/J
000502   B6 x B6CBCa Aw-J/A-Myo5aflr Gnb5flr/J
000599   B6 x B6CBCa Aw-J/A-T(5;13)264Ca KitW-v/J
002083   B6 x B6EiC3 a/A-T(7;16)235Dn/J
000507   B6 x B6EiC3 a/A-Otcspf/J
003759   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(10;16)232Dn/J
002071   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(11;17)202Dn/J
002113   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(11A2;16B3)238Dn/J
002068   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(11B1;16B5)233Dn/J
002069   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(14E4or5;16B5)225Dn/J
001926   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(15;16)198Dn/J
001832   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(15E;16B1)60Dn/J
003758   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(16C3-4;17A2)65Dn/J
001833   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(1C2;16C3)45Dn/J
001903   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(6F;18C)57Dn/J
001535   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(8A4;12D1)69Dn/J
001831   B6 x B6EiC3Sn a/A-T(8C3;16B5)164Dn/J
002016   B6(Cg)-Aw-J EdaTa-6J Chr YB6-Sxr/EiJ
000552   B6-Aw-J-EdaTa-6J.Cg-Sxr
001730   B6-Aw-J-EdaTa-6J.Cg-Sxrb Hya-/J
000841   B6-Aw-J.CBy-EdaTa-By/J
001809   B6-Aw-J.Cg-EdaTa-6J +/+ ArTfm/J
000600   B6-Gpi1b x B6CBCa Aw-J/A-T(7;15)9H Gpi1a/J
000769   B6.C/(HZ18)By-at-44J/J
000203   B6.C3-Aiy/a/J
000017   B6.C3-Avy/J
001572   B6.C3-am-J/J
000628   B6.CE-A Amy1b Amy2a5b/J
000021   B6.Cg-Ay/J
100409   B6129PF1/J-Aw-J/Aw
004200   B6;CBACa Aw-J/A-Npr2cn-2J/GrsrJ
000505   B6C3 Aw-J/A-Mutedmu/J
000604   B6C3 a/A-T(10;13)199H +/+ Lystbg-J/J or Lystbg-2J/J
000065   B6C3Fe a/a-we Pax1un at/J
000314   B6CBACa Aw-J/A-EdaTa/J-XO
000501   B6CBACa Aw-J/A-Aifm1Hq/J
001046   B6CBACa Aw-J/A-Grid2Lc/J
000500   B6CBACa Aw-J/A-Gs/J
002703   B6CBACa Aw-J/A-Hydinhy3/J
000247   B6CBACa Aw-J/A-Kcnj6wv/J
000287   B6CBACa Aw-J/A-Plp1jp EdaTa/J
000515   B6CBACa Aw-J/A-SfnEr/J
000242   B6CBACa Aw-J/A-spc/J
000288   B6CBACa Aw-J/A-we a Mafbkr/J
001201   B6CBACaF1/J-Aw-J/A
001752   B6CBCa Aw-J/A-T(7;15)9H/J
006450   B6EiC3 a/A-Vss/GrsrJ
000557   B6EiC3-+ a/LnpUl A/J
000504   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Cacnb4lh/J
000553   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Egfrwa2 Wnt3avt/J
001811   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Otcspf-ash/J
002343   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Otcspf/J
001923   B6EiC3Sn a/A-Ts(417)2Lws Tim/J
001875   B6EiC3SnF1/J
000200   C3FeB6 A/Aw-J-Ankank/J
000638   C3FeB6 A/Aw-J-Spnb4qv-J/J
001203   C3FeB6F1/J A/Aw-J
001272   C3H/HeSnJ-Ahvy/J
000099   C3HeB/FeJ-Avy/J
000338   C57BL/6J Aw-J-EdaTa-6J/J
000258   C57BL/6J-Ai/a/J
000774   C57BL/6J-Asy/a/J
000569   C57BL/6J-Aw-J-EdaTa +/+ ArTfm/J
000051   C57BL/6J-Aw-J/J
000055   C57BL/6J-at-33J/J
000070   C57BL/6J-atd/J
002468   KK.Cg-Ay/J
000262   LS/LeJ
000283   LT.CAST-A/J
001759   STOCK A Tyrc Sha/J
001427   STOCK Aw us/J
View Strains carrying other alleles of a     (81 strains)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms
      assigned by genotype

Sisi/Sisi

        STOCK a Tyrp1b Sisi/J
  • pigmentation phenotype
  • *normal* pigmentation phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:141035)
    • mice exhibit wild-type iris pigmentation

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX® Mice strain.

Sisi/Sisi

        Background Not Specified
  • pigmentation phenotype
  • irregular coat pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:78801)
    • random inviability of melanoblasts in hair follicles results in mice that are variegated for white, partially pigmented (gray) hairs, and fully pigmented hairs
    • other pigment loci influence appearance: nonagouti mice display silvering more on the belly than on the back and become more silvery with age, with nonagouti and brown, mice display fewer white and partially white hairs, and with agouti the yellow band at the tip of hairs is not affected but the base of each hair is lightened creating a whiteish "underfur" and silvering decreases with age
    • the merle pigment pattern is difficult to classify in different crosses
  • reduced hair shaft melanin granule number (MGI Ref ID J:13051)
    • the basis for variable silvering of the coat
  • skin/coat/nails phenotype
  • irregular coat pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:78801)
    • random inviability of melanoblasts in hair follicles results in mice that are variegated for white, partially pigmented (gray) hairs, and fully pigmented hairs
    • other pigment loci influence appearance: nonagouti mice display silvering more on the belly than on the back and become more silvery with age, with nonagouti and brown, mice display fewer white and partially white hairs, and with agouti the yellow band at the tip of hairs is not affected but the base of each hair is lightened creating a whiteish "underfur" and silvering decreases with age
    • the merle pigment pattern is difficult to classify in different crosses
  • reduced hair shaft melanin granule number (MGI Ref ID J:13051)
    • the basis for variable silvering of the coat
  • homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
  • *normal* homeostasis/metabolism phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:29151)
    • no aberrant bleeding time after tail vein nick
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
  • *normal* hematopoietic system phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:29151)
    • NORMAL: bleeding time is normal
View Research Applications

Research Applications
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Sisi related

Dermatology Research
Color and White Spotting Defects

Tyrp1b related

Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
oculocutaneous albinism type III

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

 
Allele Symbol Sisi
Allele Name silver
Allele Type Spontaneous
Common Name(s) Pmel 17; gp100; gp87;
Gene Symbol and Name Si, silver
Chromosome 10
Gene Common Name(s) D10H12S53E; D12S53E; D12S53Eh; DNA segment, Chr 10, human D12S53E; ME20; PMEL; PMEL17; SIL; gp100; gp87;
General Note This mutation arose in an unspecified English fancy stock.
Molecular Note Sequencing of partial gp87 cDNA from homozygous mutant melanocytes showed this mutation comprises a G to A substitution at base 1808, resulting in a premature stop codon and truncation of the protein in the C-terminal cystolic domain. [MGI Ref ID J:22779] [MGI Ref ID J:58687]
 
Allele Symbol Tyrp1b
Allele Name brown
Allele Type Spontaneous
Common Name(s) b;
Strain of Originold mutant of the mouse fancy
Gene Symbol and Name Tyrp1, tyrosinase-related protein 1
Chromosome 4
Gene Common Name(s) B; CAS2; CATB; GP75; TRP; TRP-1; TRP1; TYRP; Tyrp; b; b-PROTEIN; brown; iris stromal atrophy; isa; tyrosinase-related protein;
General Note The eumelanin of the hair and eyes is brown rather than black. The pigment granules also appear brown rather than black and are spheroid rather than ovoid in shape (J:12970). The fine structure of the developing pigment granules is fibrillar, like that of wild-type mice, but the appearance of the mature granule may be more coarsely granular (J:5346, J:5001, J:5068). The granules incorporate twice as much 14C-tyrosine as normal (J:12173).
Molecular Note A G-to-A transition point mutation at position 329 was shown by revertant analysis to be responsible for the mutant phenotype seen in the brown mutant. This mutation is predicted to change a cysteine residue to a tyrosine in the encoded protein. Three other point mutations in the brown sequence were identified, but do not contribute to the mutant phenotype. [MGI Ref ID J:44435]
 
Allele Symbol a
Allele Name nonagouti
Allele Type Spontaneous

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

This strain will not have a genotyping protocol or one is not currently available.

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References

Additional References

Kobayashi T; Urabe K; Orlow SJ; Higashi K; Imokawa G; Kwon BS; Potterf B; Hearing VJ. 1994. The Pmel 17/silver locus protein. Characterization and investigation of its melanogenic function. J Biol Chem 269(46):29198-205. [PubMed: 7961886]  [MGI Ref ID J:21502]

Kwon BS; Halaban R; Ponnazhagan S; Kim K; Chintamaneni C; Bennett D; Pickard RT. 1995. Mouse silver mutation is caused by a single base insertion in the putative cytoplasmic domain of Pmel 17. Nucleic Acids Res 23(1):154-8. [PubMed: 7870580]  [MGI Ref ID J:22779]

Martinez-Esparza M; Jimenez-Cervantes C; Bennett DC; Lozano JA; Solano F; Garcia-Borron JC. 1999. The mouse silver locus encodes a single transcript truncated by the silver mutation. Mamm Genome 10(12):1168-71. [PubMed: 10594241]  [MGI Ref ID J:58687]

Ozeki H; Ito S; Wakamatsu K; Hirobe T. 1995. Chemical characterization of hair melanins in various coat-color mutants of mice. J Invest Dermatol 105(3):361-6. [PubMed: 7665913]  [MGI Ref ID J:28766]

Schreurs MW; de Boer AJ; Schmidt A; Figdor CG; Adema GJ. 1997. Cloning, expression and tissue distribution of the murine homologue of the melanocyte lineage-specific antigen gp100 Melanoma Res 7(6):463-70. [PubMed: 9464618]  [MGI Ref ID J:45267]

Zhai Y; Yang JC; Spiess P; Nishimura MI; Overwijk WW; Roberts B; Restifo NP; Rosenberg SA. 1997. Cloning and characterization of the genes encoding the murine homologues of the human melanoma antigens MART1 and gp100. J Immunother 20(1):15-25. [PubMed: 9101410]  [MGI Ref ID J:38811]

Zhou BK; Kobayashi T; Donatien PD; Bennett DC; Hearing VJ; Orlow SJ. 1994. Identification of a melanosomal matrix protein encoded by the murine si (silver) locus using organelle scanning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(15):7076-80. [PubMed: 8041749]  [MGI Ref ID J:19440]

Sisi related

Anderson MG; Hawes NL; Trantow CM; Chang B; John SW. 2008. Iris phenotypes and pigment dispersion caused by genes influencing pigmentation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 21(5):565-78. [PubMed: 18715234]  [MGI Ref ID J:141035]

Dunn LC; Thigpen LW. 1930. The silver mouse, a recessive color variation. J Hered 21:495-498.  [MGI Ref ID J:13051]

Hogan ME; King LE Jr; Sundberg JP. 1995. Defects of pelage hairs in 20 mouse mutations. J Invest Dermatol 104(5 Suppl):31S-32S. [PubMed: 7738386]  [MGI Ref ID J:25255]

Kwon BS; Halaban R; Ponnazhagan S; Kim K; Chintamaneni C; Bennett D; Pickard RT. 1995. Mouse silver mutation is caused by a single base insertion in the putative cytoplasmic domain of Pmel 17. Nucleic Acids Res 23(1):154-8. [PubMed: 7870580]  [MGI Ref ID J:22779]

Lamoreux ML; Wakamatsu K; Ito S. 2001. Interaction of major coat color gene functions in mice as studied by chemical analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin. Pigment Cell Res 14(1):23-31. [PubMed: 11277491]  [MGI Ref ID J:103803]

Martinez-Esparza M; Jimenez-Cervantes C; Bennett DC; Lozano JA; Solano F; Garcia-Borron JC. 1999. The mouse silver locus encodes a single transcript truncated by the silver mutation. Mamm Genome 10(12):1168-71. [PubMed: 10594241]  [MGI Ref ID J:58687]

Silvers WK. 1979. The Coat Colors of Mice; A Model for Mammalian Gene Action and Interaction. In: The Coat Colors of Mice. Springer-Verlag, New York.  [MGI Ref ID J:78801]

Sundberg JP (ed.). 1994. . In: Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities: Animal Models and Biomedical Tools. CRC Press, Boca Raton.  [MGI Ref ID J:30359]

Swank RT; Reddington M; Howlett O; Novak EK. 1991. Platelet storage pool deficiency associated with inherited abnormalities of the inner ear in the mouse pigment mutants muted and mocha. Blood 78(8):2036-44. [PubMed: 1912584]  [MGI Ref ID J:29151]

Theos AC; Berson JF; Theos SC; Herman KE; Harper DC; Tenza D; Sviderskaya EV; Lamoreux ML; Bennett DC; Raposo G; Marks MS. 2006. Dual loss of ER export and endocytic signals with altered melanosome morphology in the silver mutation of Pmel17. Mol Biol Cell 17(8):3598-612. [PubMed: 16760433]  [MGI Ref ID J:113433]

Tyrp1b related

Anderson MG; Libby RT; Mao M; Cosma IM; Wilson LA; Smith RS; John SW. 2006. Genetic context determines susceptibility to intraocular pressure elevation in a mouse pigmentary glaucoma. BMC Biol 4:20. [PubMed: 16827931]  [MGI Ref ID J:128215]

Anderson MG; Nair KS; Amonoo LA; Mehalow A; Trantow CM; Masli S; John SW. 2008. GpnmbR150X allele must be present in bone marrow derived cells to mediate DBA/2J glaucoma. BMC Genet 9:30. [PubMed: 18402690]  [MGI Ref ID J:134670]

Brooks BP; Larson DM; Chan CC; Kjellstrom S; Smith RS; Crawford MA; Lamoreux L; Huizing M; Hess R; Jiao X; Hejtmancik JF; Maminishkis A; John SW; Bush R; Pavan WJ. 2007. Analysis of ocular hypopigmentation in Rab38cht/cht mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48(9):3905-13. [PubMed: 17724166]  [MGI Ref ID J:124886]

Center EM; Hunter RL; Dodge AH. 1967. Effects of the luxoid gene (lu) on liver esterase isozymes of the mouse. Genetics 55(2):349-58. [PubMed: 6067640]  [MGI Ref ID J:109970]

Coleman DL. 1962. Effect of genic substitution on the incorporation of tyrosine into the melanin of mouse skin. Arch Biochem Biophys 96:562-8. [PubMed: 13880466]  [MGI Ref ID J:12173]

Gruneberg H. 1952. . In: The Genetics of the Mouse. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.  [MGI Ref ID J:30758]

Hearing VJ; Phillips P; Lutzner MA. 1973. The fine structure of melanogenesis in coat color mutants of the mouse. J Ultrastruct Res 43(1):88-106. [PubMed: 4634048]  [MGI Ref ID J:5346]

Howell GR; Libby RT; Jakobs TC; Smith RS; Phalan FC; Barter JW; Barbay JM; Marchant JK; Mahesh N; Porciatti V; Whitmore AV; Masland RH; John SW. 2007. Axons of retinal ganglion cells are insulted in the optic nerve early in DBA/2J glaucoma. J Cell Biol 179(7):1523-37. [PubMed: 18158332]  [MGI Ref ID J:131073]

Hunsicker PR. 1969. White-based brown, B<W> Mouse News Lett 40:41.  [MGI Ref ID J:13492]

Kobayashi T; Imokawa G; Bennett DC; Hearing VJ. 1998. Tyrosinase stabilization by Tyrp1 (the brown locus protein). J Biol Chem 273(48):31801-5. [PubMed: 9822646]  [MGI Ref ID J:51301]

Lamoreux ML; Wakamatsu K; Ito S. 2001. Interaction of major coat color gene functions in mice as studied by chemical analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin. Pigment Cell Res 14(1):23-31. [PubMed: 11277491]  [MGI Ref ID J:103803]

Little CC. 1916. The occurrence of three recognized coat mutations in mice Am Naturalist 1:335-349.  [MGI Ref ID J:150254]

Markert CL; Silvers WK. 1956. The Effects of Genotype and Cell Environment on Melanoblast Differentiation in the House Mouse. Genetics 41(3):429-50. [PubMed: 17247639]  [MGI Ref ID J:12970]

Matheu A; Pantoja C; Efeyan A; Criado LM; Martin-Caballero J; Flores JM; Klatt P; Serrano M. 2004. Increased gene dosage of Ink4a/Arf results in cancer resistance and normal aging. Genes Dev 18(22):2736-46. [PubMed: 15520276]  [MGI Ref ID J:93879]

Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI). 2005. Information obtained from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Mutant Mouse Database (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (http://bio.lsd.ornl.gov/mouse/) :.  [MGI Ref ID J:100221]

Moyer FH. 1966. Genetic variations in the fine structure and ontogeny of mouse melanin granules. Am Zool 6(1):43-66. [PubMed: 5902512]  [MGI Ref ID J:5001]

Murray WS. 1934. The breeding behavior of the dilute brown stock of mice (Little dba) Am J Cancer 20:573-593.  [MGI Ref ID J:2464]

RIKEN BioResource Center/RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center. 2008. A Large Scale Mutagenesis Program in RIKEN GSC PhenoSITE, World Wide Web (URL: http://www.brc.riken.jp/lab/gsc/mouse/) :.  [MGI Ref ID J:133634]

RUSSELL ES. 1949. A quantitative histological study of the pigment found in the coat-color mutants of the house mouse; interdependence among the variable granule attributes. Genetics 34(2):133-45. [PubMed: 18117146]  [MGI Ref ID J:148461]

Raymond S; Jackson IJ. 1994. Molecular characterization of the mouse B<w> mutation causing premature melanocyte death - melanocytes and early development Genet Res 63(2):155 (Abstr).  [MGI Ref ID J:18590]

Rittenhouse E. 1968. Genetic effect on fine structure and development of pigment granules in mouse hair bulb melanocytes. I. The b and d loci. Dev Biol 17(4):351-65. [PubMed: 5650006]  [MGI Ref ID J:5068]

Russell ES. 1948. A Quantitative Histological Study of the Pigment Found in the Coat Color Mutants of the House Mouse. II. Estimates of the Total Volume of Pigment. Genetics 33(3):228-36. [PubMed: 17247280]  [MGI Ref ID J:148462]

Russell ES. 1946. A Quantitative Histological Study of the Pigment Found in the Coat-Color Mutants of the House Mouse. I. Variable Attributes of the Pigment Granules. Genetics 31(3):327-46. [PubMed: 17247200]  [MGI Ref ID J:148463]

Silvers WK. 1979. The Coat Colors of Mice; A Model for Mammalian Gene Action and Interaction. In: The Coat Colors of Mice. Springer-Verlag, New York.  [MGI Ref ID J:78801]

Smyth IM; Wilming L; Lee AW; Taylor MS; Gautier P; Barlow K; Wallis J; Martin S; Glithero R; Phillimore B; Pelan S; Andrew R; Holt K; Taylor R; McLaren S; Burton J; Bailey J; Sims S; Squares J; Plumb B; Joy A; Gibson R; Gilbert J; Hart E; Laird G; Loveland J; Mudge J; Steward C; Swarbreck D; Harrow J; North P; Leaves N; Greystrong J; Coppola M; Manjunath S; Campbell M; Smith M; Strachan G; Tofts C; Boal E; Cobley V; Hunter G; Kimberley C; Thomas D; Cave-Berry L; Weston P; Botcherby MR; White S; Edgar R; C. 2006. Genomic anatomy of the Tyrp1 (brown) deletion complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(10):3704-9. [PubMed: 16505357]  [MGI Ref ID J:107243]

Zdarsky E; Favor J; Jackson IJ. 1990. The molecular basis of brown, an old mouse mutation, and of an induced revertant to wild type. Genetics 126(2):443-9. [PubMed: 2245916]  [MGI Ref ID J:44435]

Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Currently there no information available for this strain. This may be due to the supply level of this strain.

Purchasing information

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions

Pricing

Pricing for USA, Canada and Mexico shipping destinations View International pricing
Price (US dollars $)
Cryorecovery Fee $1900.00
Animals Provided

At least two mice that carry the mutation (if it is a mutant strain) will be provided. Their genotypes may not reflect those discussed in the strain description. Please inquire for possible genotypes and see additional details below.

Additional Supply Details

Pricing for International shipping destinations View USA Canada and Mexico pricing
Price (US dollars $)
Cryorecovery Fee $2470.00
Animals Provided

At least two mice that carry the mutation (if it is a mutant strain) will be provided. Their genotypes may not reflect those discussed in the strain description. Please inquire for possible genotypes and see additional details below.

Additional Supply Details

Supply Details

Standard SupplyCryopreserved. Ready for recovery. Please refer to pricing and supply notes for further information.
Supply Notes
  • Cryorecovery - Standard.
    We will fulfill your order by providing at least two pair of mice, at least one animal of each pair carrying the mutation of interest. The total number of animals provided, their gender and genotype will vary. Please inquire if larger numbers of animals with specific genotype and genders are needed. Animals typically ship between 13 and 16 weeks from the date of your order. If a second cryorecovery is needed in order to provide the minimum number of animals, animals will ship within 25 weeks. IMPORTANT NOTE: The genotypes of animals provided may not reflect the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation, or that discussed in the strain description. Please inquire about possible genotypes which will be recovered for this specific strain. The Jackson Laboratory cannot guarantee the reproductive success of mice shipped to your facility. If the mice are lost after the first three days (post-arrival) or do not produce progeny at your facility, a new order and fee will be necessary.

    Cryorecovery to establish a Dedicated Supply for greater quantities of mice.
    Mice recovered can be used to establish a dedicated colony to contractually supply you mice according to your requirements. Price by quotation. For more information on Dedicated Supply, please contact JAX® Services, Tel: 1-800-422-6423 (from U.S.A., Canada or Puerto Rico only) or 1-207-288-5845 (from any location).

  • Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

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Terms are granted by individual review and stated on the customer invoice(s) and account statement. These transactions are payable in U.S. currency within the granted terms. Payment for services, products, shipping containers, and shipping costs that are rendered are expected within the payment terms indicated on the invoice or stated by contract. Invoices and account balances in arrears of stated terms may result in The Jackson Laboratory pursuing collection activities including but not limited to outside agencies and court filings.


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The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.
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