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- Disease & phenotype
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Description
The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.
Strain Information
Type Mutant Strain; Spontaneous Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Species laboratory mouse Generation N31
Generation DefinitionsDescription
Homozygotes (Avy/Avy) and heterozygotes (Avy/A and Avy/a) show considerable variation in appearance, ranging from clear yellow, to mottling with dark patches, to a completely agouti-like coat. The variation is strongly influenced by the agouti-locus genotype and strain genome of the dam. Homozygotes and heterozygotes tend to become obese, and the degree of obesity is correlated with the amount of yellow in the coat. Avy resembles APy in causing greater tumor susceptibility and lower graft vs. host reactivity and higher hepatic malic enzyme activity. Homozygotes have a reduced humoral response to tetanus toxoid and decreased rates of carbon clearance as well as impaired mononuclear phagocyte function. The greater tumor susceptibility as well as several altered immune responses occur in Avy/a mice of mottled phenotype but not in those of agouti phenotype.Development
The Avy allele arose spontaneously in the C3H/HeJ strain and has been maintained as a cross to C3HeB/FeJ.
Related Strains
Strains carrying Avy allele
000017 B6.C3-Avy/J View Strains carrying Avy (1 strain)
Phenotype
Phenotype Information
- Model with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies are distinct. Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of these genes do not appear in the mouse genotype(s).
Obesity
- Potential model based on gene homology relationships. Phenotypic similarity to the human disease has not been tested. Skin/Hair/Eye Pigmentation, Variation In, 9; SHEP9 (ASIP)
assigned by genotype
The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX® Mice strain.
Avy/Avy
involves: C3H/HeJ
- pigmentation phenotype
- abnormal coat/hair pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:13080)
- integument phenotype
- abnormal coat/hair pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:13080)
Avy/a
involves: C3H/HeJ * C57BL/6
- growth/size phenotype
- obese (MGI Ref ID J:117156)
- pigmentation phenotype
- abnormal coat/hair pigmentation
- variable coat color ranging from yellow, mosaic yellow/agouti, or pseudoagouti (MGI Ref ID J:117156)
- epigenetic coat coloration
- sires mated with a/a dams, but not dams mated with a/a sires, that were supplemented with methyl donors ((folate, choline, betaine, vitamin B12, zinc, and methionine) during pregnancy show a significant shift in the spectrum of color phenotypes toward pseudoagouti, indicating that in utero methyl donor supplementation affects the somatic epigenetic state of the Avy allele only when the allele is derived from the male (MGI Ref ID J:117156)
- F1 pseudoagouti females that had been exposed to methyl donors in utero from E8.5 to E15.5 and mated to a/a males without further methyl donor supplementation, produce offspring (F2) showing a sift toward pseudoagouti coloration, indicating that diet/environment has an enduring influence on succeeding generations, independent of later changes in diet (MGI Ref ID J:117156)
- tumorigenesis
- increased tumor incidence (MGI Ref ID J:117156)
- integument phenotype
- abnormal coat/hair pigmentation
- variable coat color ranging from yellow, mosaic yellow/agouti, or pseudoagouti (MGI Ref ID J:117156)
- epigenetic coat coloration
- sires mated with a/a dams, but not dams mated with a/a sires, that were supplemented with methyl donors ((folate, choline, betaine, vitamin B12, zinc, and methionine) during pregnancy show a significant shift in the spectrum of color phenotypes toward pseudoagouti, indicating that in utero methyl donor supplementation affects the somatic epigenetic state of the Avy allele only when the allele is derived from the male (MGI Ref ID J:117156)
- F1 pseudoagouti females that had been exposed to methyl donors in utero from E8.5 to E15.5 and mated to a/a males without further methyl donor supplementation, produce offspring (F2) showing a sift toward pseudoagouti coloration, indicating that diet/environment has an enduring influence on succeeding generations, independent of later changes in diet (MGI Ref ID J:117156)
Avy/a
involves: C57BL/6J
- pigmentation phenotype
- epigenetic coat coloration
- this allele is heavily methylated in the sperm of agouti colored males but hypomethylated in the sperm of yellow males (MGI Ref ID J:82396)
- integument phenotype
- epigenetic coat coloration
- this allele is heavily methylated in the sperm of agouti colored males but hypomethylated in the sperm of yellow males (MGI Ref ID J:82396)
Avy/?
129S1.C3-Avy
- tumorigenesis
- *normal* tumorigenesis
- mice exhibit the same incidence of testicular germ cell tumors as in 129/Sv mice (MGI Ref ID J:146879)
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:Avy related
Dermatology Research
Color and White Spotting Defects
Developmental Biology Research
Imprinting
Diabetes and Obesity Research
Obesity Without Diabetes
Endocrine Deficiency Research
Adipose Defects
Adrenal Cortex Defects
Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Immunodeficiency Associated with Other Defects
Internal/Organ Research
Adipose Defects
Adrenal Cortex Defects
Genes & Alleles
Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI
| Allele Symbol | Avy | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Allele Name | agouti viable yellow | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Strain of Origin | C3H/HeJ | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | a, nonagouti | ||
| Chromosome | 2 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | AGSW; AGTI; AGTIL; ASP; As; SHEP9; agouti; agouti signal protein; agouti suppressor; | ||
| General Note |
The Avy allele arose spontaneously in the C3H/HeJ strain. Avy resembles Ay except that homozygotes are viable and resemble heterozygotes with lower members of the series. Both homozygotes (Avy/Avy) and heterozygotes (Avy/A and Avy/a) show considerable variation in appearance, ranging from clear yellow, through mottling with dark patches, to a completely agouti-like coat (J:5475). The variation is strongly influenced by the agouti-locus genotype and strain genome of the dam (J:6103). A larger proportion of homozygotes than heterozygotes are clear yellow (J:13080). In combination with the dominant spotting allele KitW-2J, Avy heterozygotes that have the agouti phenotype have much larger white spots than those of yellow or mottled yellow phenotype (J:12035). Homozygotes and heterozygotes tend to become obese, and the degree of obesity is correlated with the amount of yellow in the coat (J:13142), except that Eso prevents synthesis of yellow pigment in Avy/- mice but does not prevent obesity (J:6103). Avy resembles a in causing greater tumor susceptibility and lower graft vs. host reactivity (J:5320) and higher hepatic malic enzyme activity (J:5759). The greater tumor susceptibility as well as several altered immune responses occur in Avy/a mice of mottled phenotype but not in those of agouti phenotype (J:7421). Genbank ID for this mutation: S74479 | ||
| Molecular Note | An intracisternal A particle (IAP) retrotransposon is inserted 100kb upstream of agouti coding sequences causing ectopic, allele-specific imprinting of agouti protein expression. [MGI Ref ID J:19977] [MGI Ref ID J:21244] [MGI Ref ID J:79708] | ||
References
References provided by MGI
Additional References
Geschwind II; Huseby RA; Nishioka R. 1972. The effect of melanocyte-stimulating hormone on coat color in the mouse. Recent Prog Horm Res 28:91-130. [PubMed: 4631622] [MGI Ref ID J:5324]
Rakyan VK; Chong S; Champ ME; Cuthbert PC; Morgan HD; Luu KV; Whitelaw E. 2003. Transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic states at the murine Axin(Fu) allele occurs after maternal and paternal transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(5):2538-43. [PubMed: 12601169] [MGI Ref ID J:82396]
Avy relatedBlewitt ME; Vickaryous NK; Hemley SJ; Ashe A; Bruxner TJ; Preis JI; Arkell R; Whitelaw E. 2005. An N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea screen for genes involved in variegation in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(21):7629-34. [PubMed: 15890782] [MGI Ref ID J:99816]
Blewitt ME; Vickaryous NK; Paldi A; Koseki H; Whitelaw E. 2006. Dynamic reprogramming of DNA methylation at an epigenetically sensitive allele in mice. PLoS Genet 2(4):e49. [PubMed: 16604157] [MGI Ref ID J:115841]
Butler AE; Janson J; Soeller WC; Butler PC. 2003. Increased beta-cell apoptosis prevents adaptive increase in beta-cell mass in mouse model of type 2 diabetes: evidence for role of islet amyloid formation rather than direct action of amyloid. Diabetes 52(9):2304-14. [PubMed: 12941770] [MGI Ref ID J:132530]
Chong S; Vickaryous N; Ashe A; Zamudio N; Youngson N; Hemley S; Stopka T; Skoultchi A; Matthews J; Scott HS; de Kretser D; O'Bryan M; Blewitt M; Whitelaw E. 2007. Modifiers of epigenetic reprogramming show paternal effects in the mouse. Nat Genet 39(5):614-22. [PubMed: 17450140] [MGI Ref ID J:122400]
Cohen PL; Scher I; Mosier DE. 1976. In vitro studies of the genetically determined unresponsiveness to thymus-independent antigens in CBA/N mice. J Immunol 116(2):301-4. [PubMed: 55435] [MGI Ref ID J:24647]
Cooney CA; Dave AA; Wolff GL. 2002. Maternal methyl supplements in mice affect epigenetic variation and DNA methylation of offspring. J Nutr 132(8 Suppl):2393S-2400S. [PubMed: 12163699] [MGI Ref ID J:94031]
Cropley JE; Suter CM; Beckman KB; Martin DI. 2010. CpG methylation of a silent controlling element in the murine Avy allele is incomplete and unresponsive to methyl donor supplementation. PLoS One 5(2):e9055. [PubMed: 20140227] [MGI Ref ID J:158007]
Cropley JE; Suter CM; Beckman KB; Martin DI. 2006. Germ-line epigenetic modification of the murine A vy allele by nutritional supplementation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(46):17308-12. [PubMed: 17101998] [MGI Ref ID J:117156]
DICKIES MM. 1962. A new viable yellow mutation in the house mouse. J Hered 53:84-6. [PubMed: 13886198] [MGI Ref ID J:13080]
Dickie MM. 1969. Mutations at the agouti locus in the mouse. J Hered 60(1):20-5. [PubMed: 5798139] [MGI Ref ID J:30922]
Duchesnes CE; Naggert JK; Tatnell MA; Beckman N; Marnane RN; Rodrigues JA; Halim A; Pontre B; Stewart AW; Wolff GL; Elliott R; Mountjoy KG. 2009. New Zealand Ginger Mouse: Novel model that associates the tyrp1b pigmentation gene locus with regulation of lean body mass. Physiol Genomics 37(3):164-74. [PubMed: 19293329] [MGI Ref ID J:146052]
Duhl DM; Vrieling H; Miller KA; Wolff GL; Barsh GS. 1994. Neomorphic agouti mutations in obese yellow mice. Nat Genet 8(1):59-65. [PubMed: 7987393] [MGI Ref ID J:19977]
Galbraith DB; Wolff GL. 1974. Aberrant regulation of the Agouti pigment pattern in the viable yellow mouse. J Hered 65(3):137-40. [PubMed: 4847754] [MGI Ref ID J:5475]
Galbraith DB; Wolff GL; Brewer NL. 1979. Tissue microenvironment and the genetic control of hair pigment patterns in mice Dev Genet 1(2):167-179. [MGI Ref ID J:156092]
Gasser DL; Fischgrund T. 1973. Genetic control of the immune response in mice. IV. Relationship between graft vs host reactivity and possession of the high tumor genotypes A y a and A vy a. J Immunol 110(1):305-8. [PubMed: 4405515] [MGI Ref ID J:5320]
Geisler JG; Zawalich W; Zawalich K; Lakey JR; Stukenbrok H; Milici AJ; Soeller WC. 2002. Estrogen can prevent or reverse obesity and diabetes in mice expressing human islet amyloid polypeptide. Diabetes 51(7):2158-69. [PubMed: 12086946] [MGI Ref ID J:132801]
Gill AM; Leiter EH; Powell JG; Chapman HD; Yen TT. 1994. Dexamethasone-induced hyperglycemia in obese Avy/a (viable yellow) female mice entails preferential induction of a hepatic estrogen sulfotransferase. Diabetes 43(8):999-1004. [PubMed: 8039608] [MGI Ref ID J:19459]
Hansen LA; Malarkey DE; Wilkinson JE; Rosenberg M; Woychik RE; Tennant RW. 1998. Effect of the viable-yellow (A(vy)) agouti allele on skin tumorigenesis and humoral hypercalcemia in v-Ha-ras transgenic TGxAC mice. Carcinogenesis 19(10):1837-45. [PubMed: 9806167] [MGI Ref ID J:50361]
Heaney JD; Michelson MV; Youngren KK; Lam MY; Nadeau JH. 2009. Deletion of eIF2beta suppresses testicular cancer incidence and causes recessive lethality in agouti-yellow mice. Hum Mol Genet 18(8):1395-404. [PubMed: 19168544] [MGI Ref ID J:146879]
Herberg L; Coleman DL. 1977. Laboratory animals exhibiting obesity and diabetes syndromes. Metabolism 26(1):59-99. [PubMed: 834144] [MGI Ref ID J:5759]
Jones BH; Kim JH; Zemel MB; Woychik RP; Michaud EJ; Wilkison WO; Moustaid N. 1996. Upregulation of adipocyte metabolism by agouti protein: possible paracrine actions in yellow mouse obesity. Am J Physiol 270(1 Pt 1):E192-6. [PubMed: 8772492] [MGI Ref ID J:31341]
Kaminen-Ahola N; Ahola A; Maga M; Mallitt KA; Fahey P; Cox TC; Whitelaw E; Chong S. 2010. Maternal ethanol consumption alters the epigenotype and the phenotype of offspring in a mouse model. PLoS Genet 6(1):e1000811. [PubMed: 20084100] [MGI Ref ID J:156866]
Lamoreux ML. 1983. Developmental interaction in the pigmentary system of mice. II. Interaction in genetically identical mice. J Hered 74:440-442. [MGI Ref ID J:12035]
Leamy LJ; Hrubant HE. 1971. Effects of alleles at the agouti locus on odontometric traits in the C57BL-6 strain of house mice. Genetics 67(1):87-96. [PubMed: 5556294] [MGI Ref ID J:16571]
Lin L; Pang W; Chen K; Wang F; Gengler J; Sun Y; Tong Q. 2012. Adipocyte expression of PU.1 transcription factor causes insulin resistance through upregulation of inflammatory cytokine gene expression and ROS production. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 302(12):E1550-9. [PubMed: 22454293] [MGI Ref ID J:187137]
Morgan HD; Sutherland HG; Martin DI; Whitelaw E. 1999. Epigenetic inheritance at the agouti locus in the mouse. Nat Genet 23(3):314-8. [PubMed: 10545949] [MGI Ref ID J:79708]
Pan W; Hsuchou H; He Y; Sakharkar A; Cain C; Yu C; Kastin AJ. 2008. Astrocyte leptin receptor (ObR) and leptin transport in adult-onset obese mice. Endocrinology 149(6):2798-806. [PubMed: 18292187] [MGI Ref ID J:145382]
Pan W; Kastin AJ. 2007. Mahogany, blood-brain barrier, and fat mass surge in A<vy> mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 31(6):1030-2. [PubMed: 17224930] [MGI Ref ID J:151295]
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Rakyan VK; Chong S; Champ ME; Cuthbert PC; Morgan HD; Luu KV; Whitelaw E. 2003. Transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic states at the murine Axin(Fu) allele occurs after maternal and paternal transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(5):2538-43. [PubMed: 12601169] [MGI Ref ID J:82396]
Rivera JF; Gurlo T; Daval M; Huang CJ; Matveyenko AV; Butler PC; Costes S. 2011. Human-IAPP disrupts the autophagy/lysosomal pathway in pancreatic beta-cells: protective role of p62-positive cytoplasmic inclusions. Cell Death Differ 18(3):415-26. [PubMed: 20814419] [MGI Ref ID J:186330]
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Rosenfeld CS; Sieli PT; Warzak DA; Ellersieck MR; Pennington KA; Roberts RM. 2013. Maternal exposure to bisphenol A and genistein has minimal effect on A(vy)/a offspring coat color but favors birth of agouti over nonagouti mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(2):537-42. [PubMed: 23267115] [MGI Ref ID J:193279]
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Soeller WC; Janson J; Hart SE; Parker JC; Carty MD; Stevenson RW; Kreutter DK; Butler PC. 1998. Islet amyloid-associated diabetes in obese A(vy)/a mice expressing human islet amyloid polypeptide. Diabetes 47(5):743-50. [PubMed: 9588445] [MGI Ref ID J:133694]
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Susiarjo M; Sasson I; Mesaros C; Bartolomei MS. 2013. Bisphenol a exposure disrupts genomic imprinting in the mouse. PLoS Genet 9(4):e1003401. [PubMed: 23593014] [MGI Ref ID J:195483]
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Wolff GL. 1978. Influence of maternal phenotype on metabolic differentiation of agouti locus mutants in the mouse. Genetics 88(3):529-39. [PubMed: 640377] [MGI Ref ID J:5964]
Wolff GL; Galbraith DB; Domon OE; Row JM. 1978. Phaeomelanin synthesis and obesity in mice. Interaction of the viable yellow (Avy) and sombre (eso) mutations. J Hered 69(5):295-8. [PubMed: 744871] [MGI Ref ID J:6103]
Wolff GL; Greenman DL; Frigeri LG; Morrissey RL; Suber RL; Felton RP. 1990. Diabetogenic response to streptozotocin varies among obese yellow and among lean agouti (BALB/c x VY)F1 hybrid mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 193(2):155-63. [PubMed: 2137249] [MGI Ref ID J:25297]
Wolff GL; Kodell RL; Kaput JA; Visek WJ. 1999. Caloric restriction abolishes enhanced metabolic efficiency induced by ectopic agouti protein in yellow mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 221(2):99-104. [PubMed: 10352119] [MGI Ref ID J:55065]
Wolff GL; Kodell RL; Moore SR; Cooney CA. 1998. Maternal epigenetics and methyl supplements affect agouti gene expression in Avy/a mice. FASEB J 12(11):949-57. [PubMed: 9707167] [MGI Ref ID J:49124]
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Health & husbandry
Health & Colony Maintenance Information
Animal Health Reports
Production of mice from cryopreserved embryos or sperm occurs in a maximum barrier room, G200.
Pricing and Purchasing
Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls
| Pricing for USA, Canada and Mexico shipping destinations |
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Cryopreserved
Cryopreserved Mice - Ready for Recovery
Animals Provided
Price (US dollars $) Cryorecovery* $3000.00 At least two mice that carry the mutation (if it is a mutant strain) will be provided. Their genotypes may not reflect those discussed in the strain description. Please inquire for possible genotypes and see additional details below.
Standard Supply
Cryopreserved. Ready for recovery. Please refer to pricing and supply notes on the strain data sheet for further information.
Supply Notes
- Cryorecovery - Standard.
Progeny testing is not required.
The average number of mice provided from recovery of our cryopreserved strains is 10. The total number of animals provided, their gender and genotype will vary. We will fulfill your order by providing at least two pair of mice, at least one animal of each pair carrying the mutation of interest. Please inquire if larger numbers of animals with specific genotype and genders are needed. Animals typically ship between 11 and 14 weeks from the date of your order. If a second cryorecovery is needed in order to provide the minimum number of animals, animals will ship within 25 weeks. IMPORTANT NOTE: The genotypes of animals provided may not reflect the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation, or that discussed in the strain description. Please inquire about possible genotypes which will be recovered for this specific strain. The Jackson Laboratory cannot guarantee the reproductive success of mice shipped to your facility. If the mice are lost after the first three days (post-arrival) or do not produce progeny at your facility, a new order and fee will be necessary.Cryorecovery to establish a Dedicated Supply for greater quantities of mice.
Mice recovered can be used to establish a dedicated colony to contractually supply you mice according to your requirements. Price by quotation. For more information on Dedicated Supply, please contact JAX® Services, Tel: 1-800-422-6423 (from U.S.A., Canada or Puerto Rico only) or 1-207-288-5845 (from any location).
| Pricing for International shipping destinations |
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Cryopreserved
Cryopreserved Mice - Ready for Recovery
Animals Provided
Price (US dollars $) Cryorecovery* $3900.00 At least two mice that carry the mutation (if it is a mutant strain) will be provided. Their genotypes may not reflect those discussed in the strain description. Please inquire for possible genotypes and see additional details below.
Standard Supply
Cryopreserved. Ready for recovery. Please refer to pricing and supply notes on the strain data sheet for further information.
Supply Notes
- Cryorecovery - Standard.
Progeny testing is not required.
The average number of mice provided from recovery of our cryopreserved strains is 10. The total number of animals provided, their gender and genotype will vary. We will fulfill your order by providing at least two pair of mice, at least one animal of each pair carrying the mutation of interest. Please inquire if larger numbers of animals with specific genotype and genders are needed. Animals typically ship between 11 and 14 weeks from the date of your order. If a second cryorecovery is needed in order to provide the minimum number of animals, animals will ship within 25 weeks. IMPORTANT NOTE: The genotypes of animals provided may not reflect the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation, or that discussed in the strain description. Please inquire about possible genotypes which will be recovered for this specific strain. The Jackson Laboratory cannot guarantee the reproductive success of mice shipped to your facility. If the mice are lost after the first three days (post-arrival) or do not produce progeny at your facility, a new order and fee will be necessary.Cryorecovery to establish a Dedicated Supply for greater quantities of mice.
Mice recovered can be used to establish a dedicated colony to contractually supply you mice according to your requirements. Price by quotation. For more information on Dedicated Supply, please contact JAX® Services, Tel: 1-800-422-6423 (from U.S.A., Canada or Puerto Rico only) or 1-207-288-5845 (from any location).
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Standard Supply
Cryopreserved. Ready for recovery. Please refer to pricing and supply notes on the strain data sheet for further information.
General Supply Notes
- Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.
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No Liability
In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. Unless prohibited by law, in purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS or services from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.
MICE and PRODUCTS are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.
The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS or services may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and services by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.
Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or services by JACKSON.