Description

Strain Information

Type Congenic; Mutant Strain; Additional information on Genetically Engineered Mutant Mice. Mating System Heterozygote x C57BL/6J or C57BL/6J x heterozygote Species laboratory mouse Background Strain C57BL/6J Donor Strain DBA/2J Generation N76 (09-AUG-07)

Appearance
grey with light belly, infrequent belly spot, affected
Related Genotype: a/a Kitl^Sl-d/+

black, unaffected
Related Genotype: a/a +/+

Description
The multiple steel mutations (Kitl^Sl) behave in a semidominant fashion and cause deficiencies in pigment cells, germ cells, and blood cells paralleling those caused by the Kit locus mutations (dominant spotting alleles). Most of the alleles at steel locus cause severe anemia in utero and death by 15 to 16 days of gestation in homozygous mutant mice. However, steel-Dickie homozygotes (Kitl^Sl-d/Kitl^Sl-d) and compounds of steel and steel Dickie (Kitl^Sl/Kitl^Sl-d) are viable, black-eyed white, are usually sterile in one or both sexes, and have severe macrocytic anemia. Heterozygous steel mice have a diluted coat color with a small amount of white spotting, are viable and fertile, and may have a slight macrocytic anemia. Primordial germ cells are absent in the nonviable steel homozygotes and severely reduced in steel Dickie and steel heterozygotes. Mast cells are virtually absent in skin and other tissues of steel mutant mice. Tumors tend to develop in germ-cell-deficient ovaries with advancing age.

Although homozygous Kitl^Sl-d/Kitl^SL-d have been described as being viable, Dr. Jane Barker of The Jackson Laboratory has found that in her colony B6.D2-Kitl^Sl-d homozygotes die at birth or soon thereafter.

Control Information

	Control
	Wild-type from the colony
	000664 C57BL/6J
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Kitl^Sl-d allele

000161	WB.D2-KitlSl-d/J
100401	WCB6F1/J KitlSl KitlSl-d

View Strains carrying   Kitl^Sl-d     (2 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Kitl

000090	129S1/Sv-Oca2+ Tyr+ KitlSl-J/J
002993	B6.Cg-KitlSl-18H/EiJ
008656	B6.Cg-KitlSl-gb/MbeJ
000124	B6.Cg-KitlSl Krt71Ca/J
000291	C3FeLe.Cg-a/a Hm KitlSl Krt71Ca-J/J
001380	C3Sn.Cg-KitlSl-con/J
003252	C57BL/6J-KitlSl-20J/J
006839	C57BL/6J-KitlSl-22J/J
000979	STOCK KitlSl-16J/J
000693	WC/ReJ KitlSl/J
100401	WCB6F1/J KitlSl KitlSl-d

View Strains carrying other alleles of Kitl     (11 strains)

Additional Web Information

Congenic Nomenclature
JAX^® NOTES, February 2001; 481. Mgf Gene Name Changes to Kitl.

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms

      assigned by genotype

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Kitl^Sl-d/Kitl⁺

        either: DBA/2J or (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1

• pigmentation phenotype
• diluted coat color (MGI Ref ID J:13392)
  • heterozygotes have a slightly diluted coat color
• skin/coat/nails phenotype
• diluted coat color (MGI Ref ID J:13392)
  • heterozygotes have a slightly diluted coat color

Kitl^Sl-d/Kitl⁺

        either: (involves: C57BL/6 * DBA/2J) or (involves: C3H * C57BL/6 * DBA/2J * WC)

• hematopoietic system phenotype
• anemia (MGI Ref ID J:6084)
  • mice are slightly anemic
• decreased mast cell number (MGI Ref ID J:6084)
  • heterozygotes have decreased mast cell numbers in dorsal skin compared to wild-type
• immune system phenotype
• decreased mast cell number (MGI Ref ID J:6084)
  • heterozygotes have decreased mast cell numbers in dorsal skin compared to wild-type

Kitl^Sl-d/Kitl⁺

        C3.D2-Kitl^Sl-d

• hematopoietic system phenotype
• increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • significantly increased compared to wild-type at P24-25
• increased mean corpuscular volume (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • significantly increased compared to wild-type at P24-25
• low mean erythrocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • at P1, mean red blood cell (RBC) counts are not different from Kitl^Sl-d / Kitl^Sl-gb compound heterozygotes (2.9 x 10⁹ cells/ml; 4.1 x 10⁹ cells/ml in wild-type mice)
• macrocytic anemia (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • mild at birth
• pigmentation phenotype
• abnormal ventral coat pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • diluted ventrum
• head spot (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
• skin/coat/nails phenotype
• abnormal ventral coat pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • diluted ventrum
• head spot (MGI Ref ID J:79293)

Kitl^Sl-d/Kitl^Sl-d

        either: DBA/2J or (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1

• hematopoietic system phenotype
• anemia (MGI Ref ID J:20286)
  • mice display anemia
• pigmentation phenotype
• abnormal coat color (MGI Ref ID J:20286)
  • mice are white (with black eyes)
• reproductive system phenotype
• infertility (MGI Ref ID J:20286)
  • mice are sterile
• skin/coat/nails phenotype
• abnormal coat color (MGI Ref ID J:20286)
  • mice are white (with black eyes)

Kitl^Sl-d/Kitl^Sl-d

        C3.D2-Kitl^Sl-d

• life span-post-weaning/aging
• *normal* life span-post-weaning/aging (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • homozygotes are viable with expected number of homozygotes observed at P1; 83% of mice survive to P18, similar to wild-type
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• decreased hematocrit (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • significantly lower than wild-type at P24-25
• increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • significantly increased compared to wild-type at P24-25
• increased mean corpuscular volume (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • significantly increased compared to wild-type at P24-25
• low mean erythrocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • significantly lower than wild-type at birth (32% of wild-type value)
• macrocytic anemia (MGI Ref ID J:79293)
  • severe at birth
• reproductive system phenotype
• abnormal primordial germ cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:115437)
  • between E9.5 and 10.5, most PGCs are found with in the hindgut and these have abnormal morphology, while in wild-type embryos most PGCs are found in dorsal portions of mesentery
• decreased primordial germ cell number (MGI Ref ID J:115437)
  • moderate numbers of primordial germ cells (PGCs) are seen in genital ridges relative to wild-type and Kitl^Sl-gb homozygotes at E11.5
  • at E9.5, PGCs are located primarily in the ventral axis of the hindgut while in wild-type PGCs are found primarily associated with the hindgut epithelium or in the dorsal axis of the hindgut; total PGC number in mutant embryos is 22% of wild-type
• cellular phenotype
• abnormal cell migration (MGI Ref ID J:115437)
  • at E10.5, only 45% of total PGCs have migrated from hindgut, compared to 93% in wild-type
• abnormal cell proliferation (MGI Ref ID J:115437)
  • proliferation indices of migratory (in mesentery and genital ridges) and postmigratory PGCs (in genital ridges) at 10.5 and 11.5 are significantly reduced compared to wild-type values (54-66% of wild-type values)
• increased apoptosis (MGI Ref ID J:115437)
  • at E10.5, many PGCs in hindgut appear to be disintegrating; abnormal PGCs in hindgut tend to be nonmotile and apoptotic

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Hematological Research
Anemia, Iron Deficiency and Transport Defects (macrocytic)

Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
synpolydactyly

Kitl^Sl-d related

Cancer Research
Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines
Increased Tumor Incidence (Gonadal Tumors: ovarian and testicular)

Dermatology Research
Color and White Spotting Defects

Developmental Biology Research
Neural Tube Defects

Endocrine Deficiency Research
Bone/Bone Marrow Defects
Gonad Defects
Hypothalamus/Pituitary Defects
Skin Defects

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines
Immunodeficiency (Mast Cell Deficiency)

Neurobiology Research
Vestibular and Hearing Defects

Reproductive Biology Research
Developmental Defects Affecting Gonads (germ cell deficient)
Fertility Defects
Gonadal Tumors (ovarian and testicular)

Research Tools
Immunology and Inflammation Research (Mast Cell Deficiency)

Sensorineural Research
Vestibular and Hearing Defects

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol		KitlSl-d
Allele Name		steel Dickie
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		KL; MGF; MgfSl-d; Sld; Sld;
Strain of Origin		DBA/2J
Gene Symbol and Name		Kitl, kit ligand
Chromosome		10
Gene Common Name(s)		Clo; Con; DKFZp686F2250; Gb; KL-1; MGF; Mgf; SCF; SF; SHEP7; SLF; Sl; Steel; Steel factor; cloud gray; contrasted; grizzle-belly; mast cell growth factor; steel; stem cell factor;
General Note		Genbank ID for this allele: M64262
Molecular Note		A 4kb deletion in genomic DNA results in the absence of 241bp of wild-type cDNA and the addition of 67bp of novel sequence, a 174bp net loss. The region that is deleted begins 5 amino acids N-terminal to the transmembrane domain and results in termination of the open reading frame after an additional 3 amino acids. The resulting protein is a soluble truncated one, lacking both transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Northern analysis indicates that mRNA is transcribed at nearly wild-type levels in adult tiss [MGI Ref ID J:10750] [MGI Ref ID J:20286] [MGI Ref ID J:40339]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

This strain will not have a genotyping protocol or one is not currently available.

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Selected Reference(s)

Arguello F; Furlanetto RW; Baggs RB; Graves BT; Harwell SE; Cohen HJ; Frantz CN. 1992. Incidence and distribution of experimental metastases in mutant mice with defective organ microenvironments (genotypes Sl/Sld and W/Wv). Cancer Res 52(8):2304-9. [PubMed: 1559233]  [MGI Ref ID J:468]

Hayashi C; Sonoda T; Nakano T; Nakayama H; Kitamura Y. 1985. Mast-cell precursors in the skin of mouse embryos and their deficiency in embryos of Sl/Sld genotype. Dev Biol 109(1):234-41. [PubMed: 3987963]  [MGI Ref ID J:7810]

Huang E; Nocka K; Beier DR; Chu TY; Buck J; Lahm HW; Wellner D; Leder P; Besmer P. 1990. The hematopoietic growth factor KL is encoded by the Sl locus and is the ligand of the c-kit receptor, the gene product of the W locus. Cell 63(1):225-33. [PubMed: 1698557]  [MGI Ref ID J:10751]

Murphy ED. 1977. Effects of mutant steel alleles on leukemogenesis and life-span in the mouse. J Natl Cancer Inst 58(1):107-10. [PubMed: 319242]  [MGI Ref ID J:5758]

Shinohara T; Avarbock MR; Brinster RL. 2000. Functional analysis of spermatogonial stem cells in Steel and cryptorchid infertile mouse models. Dev Biol 220(2):401-11. [PubMed: 10753526]  [MGI Ref ID J:61712]

Zsebo KM; Williams DA; Geissler EN; Broudy VC; Martin FH; Atkins HL; Hsu RY; Birkett NC; Okino KH; Murdock DC; Jacobsen FW; Langley KE; Smith KA; Takeishi T; Cattanach BM; Galli SJ; Suggs SV. 1990. Stem cell factor is encoded at the Sl locus of the mouse and is the ligand for the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor. Cell 63(1):213-24. [PubMed: 1698556]  [MGI Ref ID J:10750]

Additional References

Schrott A; Egg G; Spoendlin H. 1988. Intermediate filaments in the cochleas of normal and mutant (w/wv, sl/sld) mice. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 245(4):250-4. [PubMed: 2460075]  [MGI Ref ID J:9423]

Wolf NS. 1978. Dissecting the hematopoietic microenvironment. II. The kinetics of the erythron of the S1/S1d mouse and the dual nature of its anemia. Cell Tissue Kinet 11(4):325-34. [PubMed: 688326]  [MGI Ref ID J:6031]

Kitl^Sl-d related

Barker JE. 1997. Early transplantation to a normal microenvironment prevents the development of Steel hematopoietic stem cell defects. Exp Hematol 25(6):542-7. [PubMed: 9197334]  [MGI Ref ID J:41120]

Beckett EA; Horiguchi K; Khoyi M; Sanders KM; Ward SM. 2002. Loss of enteric motor neurotransmission in the gastric fundus of Sl/Sl(d) mice. J Physiol 543(Pt 3):871-87. [PubMed: 12231645]  [MGI Ref ID J:105989]

Bernstein S. 1960. Steel Dickie Mouse News Lett 23:33-4.  [MGI Ref ID J:13392]

Brannan CI; Lyman SD; Williams DE; Eisenman J; Anderson DM; Cosman D; Bedell MA; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG. 1991. Steel-Dickie mutation encodes a c-kit ligand lacking transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(11):4671-4. [PubMed: 1711207]  [MGI Ref ID J:20286]

Chen R; Fairley JA; Zhao ML; Giudice GJ; Zillikens D; Diaz LA; Liu Z. 2002. Macrophages, but not T and B lymphocytes, are critical for subepidermal blister formation in experimental bullous pemphigoid: macrophage-mediated neutrophil infiltration depends on mast cell activation. J Immunol 169(7):3987-92. [PubMed: 12244200]  [MGI Ref ID J:120403]

Chen R; Ning G; Zhao ML; Fleming MG; Diaz LA; Werb Z; Liu Z. 2001. Mast cells play a key role in neutrophil recruitment in experimental bullous pemphigoid. J Clin Invest 108(8):1151-8. [PubMed: 11602622]  [MGI Ref ID J:72195]

Choi Y; Rajkovic A. 2006. Genetics of early mammalian folliculogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 63(5):579-90. [PubMed: 16416028]  [MGI Ref ID J:108336]

Flanagan JG; Chan DC; Leder P. 1991. Transmembrane form of the kit ligand growth factor is determined by alternative splicing and is missing in the Sld mutant. Cell 64(5):1025-35. [PubMed: 1705866]  [MGI Ref ID J:40339]

Galli SJ; Hammel I. 1984. Unequivocal delayed hypersensitivity in mast cell-deficient and beige mice. Science 226(4675):710-3. [PubMed: 6494907]  [MGI Ref ID J:127346]

Gore BB; Wong KG; Tessier-Lavigne M. 2008. Stem cell factor functions as an outgrowth-promoting factor to enable axon exit from the midline intermediate target. Neuron 57(4):501-10. [PubMed: 18304480]  [MGI Ref ID J:132880]

Gurish MF; Tao H; Abonia JP; Arya A; Friend DS; Parker CM; Austen KF. 2001. Intestinal mast cell progenitors require CD49dbeta7 (alpha4beta7 integrin) for tissue-specific homing. J Exp Med 194(9):1243-52. [PubMed: 11696590]  [MGI Ref ID J:119138]

Heissig B; Rafii S; Akiyama H; Ohki Y; Sato Y; Rafael T; Zhu Z; Hicklin DJ; Okumura K; Ogawa H; Werb Z; Hattori K. 2005. Low-dose irradiation promotes tissue revascularization through VEGF release from mast cells and MMP-9-mediated progenitor cell mobilization. J Exp Med 202(6):739-50. [PubMed: 16157686]  [MGI Ref ID J:107445]

Hu B; Colletti LM. 2008. Stem cell factor and c-kit are involved in hepatic recovery after acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295(1):G45-G53. [PubMed: 18467506]  [MGI Ref ID J:137545]

Huang EJ; Nocka KH; Buck J; Besmer P. 1992. Differential expression and processing of two cell associated forms of the kit-ligand: KL-1 and KL-2. Mol Biol Cell 3(3):349-62. [PubMed: 1378327]  [MGI Ref ID J:1527]

Ishii M; Tachiwana T; Hoshino A; Tsunekawa N; Hiramatsu R; Matoba S; Kanai-Azuma M; Kawakami H; Kurohmaru M; Kanai Y. 2007. Potency of testicular somatic environment to support spermatogenesis in XX/Sry transgenic male mice. Development 134(3):449-54. [PubMed: 17185318]  [MGI Ref ID J:135064]

Kato M; Takeda K; Kawamoto Y; Tsuzuki T; Hossain K; Tamakoshi A; Kunisada T; Kambayashi Y; Ogino K; Suzuki H; Takahashi M; Nakashima I. 2004. c-Kit-Targeting Immunotherapy for Hereditary Melanoma in a Mouse Model. Cancer Res 64(3):801-6. [PubMed: 14871802]  [MGI Ref ID J:88074]

Kitamura Y; Go S. 1979. Decreased production of mast cells in S1/S1d anemic mice. Blood 53(3):492-7. [PubMed: 367470]  [MGI Ref ID J:6084]

Kitamura Y; Yokoyama M; Matsuda H; Shimada M. 1980. Coincidental development of forestomach papilloma and prepyloric ulcer in nontreated mutant mice of W/Wv and SI/SId genotypes. Cancer Res 40(9):3392-7. [PubMed: 7000343]  [MGI Ref ID J:6393]

Kraneveld AD; van der Kleij HP; Kool M; van Houwelingen AH; Weitenberg AC; Redegeld FA; Nijkamp FP. 2002. Key role for mast cells in nonatopic asthma. J Immunol 169(4):2044-53. [PubMed: 12165531]  [MGI Ref ID J:120703]

Krishnamoorthy N; Oriss TB; Paglia M; Fei M; Yarlagadda M; Vanhaesebroeck B; Ray A; Ray P. 2008. Activation of c-Kit in dendritic cells regulates T helper cell differentiation and allergic asthma. Nat Med 14(5):565-73. [PubMed: 18454155]  [MGI Ref ID J:136704]

Lee DM; Friend DS; Gurish MF; Benoist C; Mathis D; Brenner MB. 2002. Mast cells: a cellular link between autoantibodies and inflammatory arthritis. Science 297(5587):1689-92. [PubMed: 12215644]  [MGI Ref ID J:78906]

Lotinun S; Evans GL; Turner RT; Oursler MJ. 2005. Deletion of membrane-bound steel factor results in osteopenia in mice. J Bone Miner Res 20(4):644-52. [PubMed: 15765184]  [MGI Ref ID J:111273]

Lourenssen S; Motro B; Bernstein A; Diamond J. 2000. Defects in sensory nerve numbers and growth in mutant Kit and Steel mice. Neuroreport 11(6):1159-65. [PubMed: 10817584]  [MGI Ref ID J:103680]

Mahakali Zama A; Hudson FP rd; Bedell MA. 2005. Analysis of hypomorphic KitlSl mutants suggests different requirements for KITL in proliferation and migration of mouse primordial germ cells. Biol Reprod 73(4):639-47. [PubMed: 15917341]  [MGI Ref ID J:115437]

McCoshen JA; McCallion DJ. 1975. A study of the primordial germ cells during their migratory phase in Steel mutant mice. Experientia 31(5):589-90. [PubMed: 1170085]  [MGI Ref ID J:5547]

Mikkelsen HB; Malysz J; Huizinga JD; Thuneberg L. 1998. Action potential generation, Kit receptor immunohistochemistry and morphology of steel-Dickie (Sl/Sld) mutant mouse small intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil 10(1):11-26. [PubMed: 9507248]  [MGI Ref ID J:113054]

Motro B; Wojtowicz JM; Bernstein A; van der Kooy D. 1996. Steel mutant mice are deficient in hippocampal learning but not long-term potentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(5):1808-13. [PubMed: 8700840]  [MGI Ref ID J:32130]

Ogawa T; Dobrinski I; Avarbock MR; Brinster RL. 2000. Transplantation of male germ line stem cells restores fertility in infertile mice [see comments] Nat Med 6(1):29-34. [PubMed: 10613820]  [MGI Ref ID J:59322]

Ohta H; Aizawa S; Nishimune Y. 2003. Functional Analysis of the p53 Gene in Apoptosis Induced by Heat Stress or Loss of Stem Cell Factor Signaling in Mouse Male Germ Cells. Biol Reprod 68(6):2249-54. [PubMed: 12606380]  [MGI Ref ID J:83572]

Ohta H; Tohda A; Nishimune Y. 2003. Proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells in the w/wv mutant mouse testis. Biol Reprod 69(6):1815-21. [PubMed: 12890724]  [MGI Ref ID J:108583]

Ohta H; Yomogida K; Dohmae K; Nishimune Y. 2000. Regulation of proliferation and differentiation in spermatogonial stem cells: the role of c-kit and its ligand SCF Development 127(10):2125-31. [PubMed: 10769236]  [MGI Ref ID J:61520]

Perez-Losada J; Sanchez-Martin M; Rodriguez-Garcia A; Sanchez ML; Orfao A; Flores T; Sanchez-Garcia I. 2002. Zinc-finger transcription factor Slug contributes to the function of the stem cell factor c-kit signaling pathway. Blood 100(4):1274-86. [PubMed: 12149208]  [MGI Ref ID J:78323]

Rajaraman S; Davis WS; Mahakali-Zama A; Evans HK; Russell LB; Bedell MA. 2002. An Allelic Series of Mutations in the Kit ligand Gene of Mice. II. Effects of Ethylnitrosourea-Induced Kitl Point Mutations on Survival and Peripheral Blood Cells of Kitl(Steel) Mice. Genetics 162(1):341-53. [PubMed: 12242245]  [MGI Ref ID J:79293]

Ren X; Hogaboam C; Carpenter A; Colletti L. 2003. Stem cell factor restores hepatocyte proliferation in IL-6 knockout mice following 70% hepatectomy. J Clin Invest 112(9):1407-18. [PubMed: 14597766]  [MGI Ref ID J:118475]

Russell ES. 1970. Abnormalities of erythropoiesis associated with mutant genes in mice. In: Regulation of Hematopoiesis. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.  [MGI Ref ID J:27511]

Russell ES; Bernstein SE. 1966. Blood and Blood Formation. In: Biology of the Laboratory Mouse. McGraw Hill, New York.  [MGI Ref ID J:24829]

Sarna SK. 2008. Are interstitial cells of Cajal plurifunction cells in the gut? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 294(2):G372-90. [PubMed: 17932226]  [MGI Ref ID J:132097]

Sassa S; Bernstein SE. 1978. Studies of erythrocyte protoporphyrin in anemic mutant mice: use of a modified hematofluorometer for the detection of heterozygotes for hemolytic disease. Exp Hematol 6(5):479-87. [PubMed: 658175]  [MGI Ref ID J:5985]

Schwarzenberger P; Huang W; Ye P; Oliver P; Manuel M; Zhang Z; Bagby G; Nelson S; Kolls JK. 2000. Requirement of endogenous stem cell factor and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor for IL-17-mediated granulopoiesis. J Immunol 164(9):4783-9. [PubMed: 10779785]  [MGI Ref ID J:112156]

Silver DL; Hou L; Somerville R; Young ME; Apte SS; Pavan WJ. 2008. The secreted metalloprotease AMAMTS20 is required for melanoblast survival PLoS Genet 4(2):e1000003. [PubMed: 18454205]  [MGI Ref ID J:133403]

Steel KP; Davidson DR; Jackson IJ. 1992. TRP-2/DT, a new early melanoblast marker, shows that steel growth factor (c-kit ligand) is a survival factor. Development 115(4):1111-9. [PubMed: 1280558]  [MGI Ref ID J:31646]

Stokol T; O'Donnell P; Xiao L; Knight S; Stavrakis G; Botto M; von Andrian UH; Mayadas TN. 2004. C1q governs deposition of circulating immune complexes and leukocyte Fcgamma receptors mediate subsequent neutrophil recruitment. J Exp Med 200(7):835-46. [PubMed: 15466618]  [MGI Ref ID J:93949]

Sundberg JP; Kenty GA; Beamer WG; Adkison DL. 1992. Forestomach papillomas in flaky skin and steel-Dickie mutant mice. J Vet Diagn Invest 4(3):312-7. [PubMed: 1325193]  [MGI Ref ID J:2777]

Tokuda M; Kadokawa Y; Kurahashi H; Marunouchi T. 2007. CDH1 is a specific marker for undifferentiated spermatogonia in mouse testes. Biol Reprod 76(1):130-41. [PubMed: 17035642]  [MGI Ref ID J:117360]

Wang CH; Anderson N; Li SH; Szmitko PE; Cherng WJ; Fedak PW; Fazel S; Li RK; Yau TM; Weisel RD; Stanford WL; Verma S. 2006. Stem cell factor deficiency is vasculoprotective: unraveling a new therapeutic potential of imatinib mesylate. Circ Res 99(6):617-25. [PubMed: 16931795]  [MGI Ref ID J:125065]

Wehrle-Haller B; Weston JA. 1995. Soluble and cell-bound forms of steel factor activity play distinct roles in melanocyte precursor dispersal and survival on the lateral neural crest migration pathway. Development 121(3):731-42. [PubMed: 7536655]  [MGI Ref ID J:40215]

Wershil BK; Castagliuolo I; Pothoulakis C. 1998. Direct evidence of mast cell involvement in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced enteritis in mice. Gastroenterology 114(5):956-64. [PubMed: 9558284]  [MGI Ref ID J:107762]

Wershil BK; Theodos CM; Galli SJ; Titus RG. 1994. Mast cells augment lesion size and persistence during experimental Leishmania major infection in the mouse. J Immunol 152(9):4563-71. [PubMed: 8157970]  [MGI Ref ID J:17706]

Wolf NS. 1978. Dissecting the hematopoietic microenvironment. II. The kinetics of the erythron of the S1/S1d mouse and the dual nature of its anemia. Cell Tissue Kinet 11(4):325-34. [PubMed: 688326]  [MGI Ref ID J:6031]

Wouters M; De Laet A; Donck LV; Delpire E; van Bogaert PP; Timmermans JP; de Kerchove d'Exaerde A; Smans K; Vanderwinden JM. 2006. Subtractive hybridization unravels a role for the ion cotransporter NKCC1 in the murine intestinal pacemaker. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290(6):G1219-27. [PubMed: 16123204]  [MGI Ref ID J:111089]

Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Room Number           FGB27

Colony Maintenance

Mating System	Heterozygote x C57BL/6J or C57BL/6J x heterozygote
Diet Information	LabDiet® 5K52/5K67

Purchasing information

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions

Pricing

Supply Details

Standard Supply

Repository-Live. A collection of over 1000 strains maintained as live colonies. Individual colonies are sized to meet current customer demand. Delivery for orders of 10 mice or less ranges on average from one to eight weeks; mice are generally shipped between four to six weeks of age with a maximum shipping age of ~nine weeks. Colony sizes do not generally support stringent age specifications for large volumes of mice; however custom orders and larger quantities of mice are easily arranged. Estimated ship dates for all orders provided within 48 hours of order placement.

Supply Notes

Usually shipped between four and eight weeks of age. This strain is included in the Mouse Mutant Resource collection. Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

Control Information

	Control
	Wild-type from the colony
	000664 C57BL/6J
Considerations for Choosing Controls
USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.

General Terms and Conditions

See Terms of Use

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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Ordering and Purchasing Information

      Purchasing Information
      JAX^® Mice Orders
      Surgical Services

Contact Information
Orders & Technical Support
Tel: 800.422.6423 or 207.288.5845
Fax: 207.288.6150
Technical Support Email Form

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

General Terms and Conditions

Contact information

General inquiries

Contracts Administration

phone:	207-288-6470
fax:	207-288-6655

JAX^® Mice & Services Conditions of Use

“Each recipient institution, including its employees and other researchers under its control (RECIPIENT), of mice or services using mice from The Jackson Laboratory (TJL) agrees that such mice, descendants of those mice derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, including unmodified derivatives of those mice or their descendants (“MICE”) shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research of the RECIPIENT, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services with respect to MICE. Acceptance of MICE from TJL shall be deemed agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires The Jackson Laboratory’s prior written authorization.”

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of MICE, products or services, The Jackson Laboratory will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the MICE or product received or the services provided.

No Liability

In no event shall The Jackson Laboratory, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, products or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of The Jackson Laboratory, its agents or employees. In purchasing or receiving MICE, products or services from The Jackson Laboratory, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges The Jackson Laboratory from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify The Jackson Laboratory from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE and biological materials are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to The Jackson Laboratory’s MICE, products and services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, products and services may be set forth separately in The Jackson Laboratory web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, products and services by The Jackson Laboratory, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, products or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on The Jackson Laboratory, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, products services by The Jackson Laboratory.