| |||||||||||
- Description
- Phenotype
- Genes & alleles
- Genotyping
- Health & husbandry
- References
- Purchasing information
- Terms of Use
Description
The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.
Strain Information
Former Names C3FeLe.Cg-a/a Hm KitlSl Krt2-6gCa-J/J (Changed: 21-JUL-06 ) C3FeLe.Cg-a/a Hm KitlSl CaJ/J (Changed: 15-DEC-04 ) C3FeLe.Cg-a/a Hm KitlSl CaJS (Changed: 15-DEC-04 ) C3FeLe.Cg-a/a-CaJ KitlSl Hm (Changed: 15-DEC-04 ) Type Congenic; Mutant Strain; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Additional information on Congenic nomenclature. Species laboratory mouse Description
The multiple steel mutations (KitlSl) behave in a semidominant fashion and cause deficiencies in pigment cells, germ cells, and blood cells paralleling those caused by the Kit locus mutations (dominant spotting alleles). Most of the alleles at steel locus cause severe anemia in utero and death by 15 to 16 days of gestation in homozygous mutant mice. However, compounds of two steel mutants (e.g. KitlSl/KitlSl-d) are viable, black-eyed white, are usually sterile in one or both sexes, and have severe macrocytic anemia. Heterozygous steel mice have a diluted coat color with a small amount of white spotting, are viable and fertile, and may have a slight macrocytic anemia. Primordial germ cells are absent in the nonviable steel homozygotes and severely reduced in steel heterozygotes. Mast cells are virtually absent in skin and other tissues of steel mutant mice. Tumors tend to develop in germ-cell-deficient ovaries with advancing age. This strain is also carrying the caracal-J (Krt71Ca-J) and hammer toe (Hm) mutations.Development
The linkage testing stock Hm, Sl, CaJ was developed from various stocks. It started with a dancer (Dc/+) male mated to a steel (Sl/+) female in 1959. Dancer originated as a spontaneous mutation at the Jackson Laboratory in the C3H/He-Lepob stock at N4 in 1956. Steel (KitlSl) arose spontaneously at the Jackson Laboratory in a C3H inbred strain and was maintained in a non-inbred multiple mutation stock by Dr. M.C. Green. A dancer steel (Dc/+ KitlSl/+) mouse was crossed once to strain C57BL/6J. A dancer steel off spring was crossed to a homozygous caracul (Ca/Ca) mouse from an inbred caracul stock of Dr. G. D. Snell. Caracul was an early mutation that arose in a Swiss stock in the 1930s. The caracul steel cross was sibling mated for 4 generations without dancer and at F4 a caracul steel heterozygote was mated to a twirler (Tw/+) male. Twirler arose spontaneously in the PCS multiple recessive stock at Harwell and was imported to the Jackson Laboratory in 1961. The caracul steel twirler stock (Ca/+ Sl/+ Tw/+) was maintained by sibling and non-sibling matings until 1967 when twirler was replaced with hammer toe (Hm). Hammer toe arose spontaneously at the Jackson Laboratory in a linkage cross in which luxate (lu) was segregating. The three mutations Ca, Sl, and Hm were maintained together and backcrossed to C57BL/6J for 5 generations. In 1969 at N5 sib matings were used and in 1971 caracul (Ca) was replaced with caracul Jackson (CaJ) which had arisen spontaneously in strain C57BL/6J. After several sibling matings with the 3 mutations segregating the Hm/+ Sl/+ CaJ/+ stock was backcrossed to C57BL/6J to N19. In 1977 a B6.Cg-Hm/+ Sl/+ CaJ/+ mouse at N19 was outcrossed to strain C3FeLe.B6-a/J and the strain was then maintained via continued backcrossing to strain C3FeLe.B6-a/J. It reached N76 in 1995. Embryos were generated for cryopreservation in 1989 by mating Hm/+ Sl/+ CaJ/+ mice to a C3FeLe.B6-a/J.
Control Information
| Control | ||
|---|---|---|
| Wild-type from the colony | ||
| 000658 C3HeB/FeJ | ||
| Considerations for Choosing Controls | ||
Related Strains
Strains carrying Hm allele
002338 NFS.Cg-Hm/J View Strains carrying Hm (1 strain)
000124 B6.Cg-KitlSl Krt71Ca/J 000693 WC/ReJ KitlSl/J 100401 WCB6F1/J KitlSl KitlSl-d
000090 129S1/Sv-Oca2+ Tyr+ KitlSl-J/J 002993 B6.Cg-KitlSl-18H/EiJ 008656 B6.Cg-KitlSl-gb/MbeJ 000160 B6.D2-KitlSl-d/J 001380 C3Sn.Cg-KitlSl-con/J 003252 C57BL/6J-KitlSl-20J/J 000979 STOCK KitlSl-16J/J 000161 WB.D2-KitlSl-d/J 100401 WCB6F1/J KitlSl KitlSl-d
000124 B6.Cg-KitlSl Krt71Ca/J 000304 B6C3Fe a/a-Krt71Ca Scn8amed-J/J 001274 BALB/c-Krt71Ca-9J/J 001755 BALB/cBy-Krt71Ca-10J/J
Additional Web Information
JAX® NOTES, February 2001; 481. Mgf Gene Name Changes to Kitl.
Phenotype
Phenotype Information
assigned by genotype
The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX® Mice strain.
Krt71Ca-J/?
C57BL/6J-Krt71Ca-J
- no phenotypic analysis
- *normal* no phenotypic analysis (MGI Ref ID J:86407)
- mice were only used to molecularly identify mutations
Hm/Hm
C3Fe.Cg-Hm
- limbs/digits/tail phenotype
- abnormal phalanx morphology (MGI Ref ID J:13425)
- detectable by E14.5
- interdigital webbing (MGI Ref ID J:68687)
- complete webbing with normal tibia
- webbing between digits 2,3,4, and 5 extends to the nails in the hindfeet; to the base of the distal phalanx in the forefeet
- webbing is extensive and prevents toe elongation, resulting in severe flexion at birth
- skeleton phenotype
- abnormal phalanx morphology (MGI Ref ID J:13425)
- detectable by E14.5
Hm/Hm+
C3Fe.Cg-Hm
- limbs/digits/tail phenotype
- abnormal phalanx morphology (MGI Ref ID J:13425)
- on all four feet, the second phalanx of digits 2,3,4,and 5 is strongly flexed
- detectable by E15
- interdigital webbing (MGI Ref ID J:68687)
- partial webbing
- webbing prevents toe elongation, resulting in flexion at birth
- skeleton phenotype
- abnormal phalanx morphology (MGI Ref ID J:13425)
- on all four feet, the second phalanx of digits 2,3,4,and 5 is strongly flexed
- detectable by E15
KitlSl/Kitl+
involves: C3H
- skin/coat/nails phenotype
- abnormal skin pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- mice have light ears
- abnormal ear pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- mice have light feet
- belly spot (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- most mice have a white spot on the belly
- diluted coat color (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- affected mice have overall dilution of coat color, more extreme on the belly than back
- head blaze (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- very occasionally mice have a white blaze between their eyes
- head spot (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- most mice have a white spot on the belly
- pallor (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- some pups after birth are pale compared to littermates
- pigmentation phenotype
- abnormal skin pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- mice have light ears
- abnormal ear pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- mice have light feet
- belly spot (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- most mice have a white spot on the belly
- diluted coat color (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- affected mice have overall dilution of coat color, more extreme on the belly than back
- head blaze (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- very occasionally mice have a white blaze between their eyes
- head spot (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- most mice have a white spot on the belly
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- anemia (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- mice display less severe anemia than homozygotes
- decreased erythrocyte cell number (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- at 7-13 days of age, red blood cell counts are 20-30% lower than wild-type
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- abnormal ear pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- mice have light feet
- touch/vibrissae phenotype
- abnormal vibrissa morphology (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- mice have light whiskers
- reproductive system phenotype
- *normal* reproductive system phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- heterozygotes are viable and fertile
- craniofacial phenotype
- abnormal ear pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- mice have light feet
KitlSl/Kitl+
either: (involves: C3H * WC) or (involves: C3H * C57BL/6 * DBA/2J * WC)
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- anemia (MGI Ref ID J:6084)
- mice are slightly anemic
- decreased mast cell number (MGI Ref ID J:6084)
- heterozygotes have decreased mast cell numbers in dorsal skin compared to wild-type
- immune system phenotype
- decreased mast cell number (MGI Ref ID J:6084)
- heterozygotes have decreased mast cell numbers in dorsal skin compared to wild-type
KitlSl/Kitl+
involves: 129/Sv * C3H
- tumorigenesis
- increased tumor incidence (MGI Ref ID J:50508)
- male mice develop ~2-fold more tumors than controls
- testicular teratoma (MGI Ref ID J:50508)
- incidence is 6.92% compared to ~2.6% in controls
- tumors are predominantly in left testis (71%) vs right (27%) or bilateral (2%)
- percentage is greater in second and subsequent litters compared to first litter or in first litter of older females compared to young mothers
KitlSl/KitlSl
involves: C3H
- lethality-prenatal/perinatal
- lethality throughout fetal growth and development (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- no presumed homozygotes are born; homozygotes begin to die at ~E15-15.5 from anemia
- perinatal lethality (MGI Ref ID J:28098)
- an occasional mutant survives until birth
- nervous system phenotype
- abnormal brain development (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- at E10.5-12.5, small number of embryos, presumably homozygous, have brain abnormalities, including a collapsed brain, pseudoencephaly or a narrowed brain region
- from E14.5-17.5, some embryos show abnormal brain development (3/330) as described in younger embryos
- myelencephalic blebs (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- one E17.5 embryo displayed a bleb near the midline in the cervical region
- spina bifida (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- 4/330 embryos aged E14.5-17.5 displayed spina bifida
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- anemia (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- starting around E13.5 and peaking at E14.5, presumed homozygotes display anemia recognized by overall paleness of the embryos
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- abnormal blood circulation (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- in affected (anemic) animals, individual clumps or red blood cells can be seen in umbilical vessels; in controls, vessels are uniformly red with normal blood flow
- skin/coat/nails phenotype
- absent skin pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:28098)
- transplantation of skin grafts from E14, E15 and newborn mutants to normal siblings produced unpigmented hair
- pallor (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- characteristic of anemic embryos
- reproductive system phenotype
- infertility (MGI Ref ID J:5547)
- mice carrying two mutant alleles are sterile
- pigmentation phenotype
- absent skin pigmentation (MGI Ref ID J:28098)
- transplantation of skin grafts from E14, E15 and newborn mutants to normal siblings produced unpigmented hair
- embryogenesis phenotype
- spina bifida (MGI Ref ID J:3399)
- 4/330 embryos aged E14.5-17.5 displayed spina bifida
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:Hm related
KitlSl relatedDevelopmental Biology Research
Skeletal Defects
Krt71Ca-J relatedCancer Research
Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines
Increased Tumor Incidence
Gonadal Tumors: ovarian and testicular
Dermatology Research
Color and White Spotting Defects
Developmental Biology Research
Neural Crest Defects
Endocrine Deficiency Research
Bone/Bone Marrow Defects
Gonad Defects
Hypothalamus/Pituitary Defects
Skin Defects
Immunology and Inflammation Research
Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines
Immunodeficiency
Mast Cell Deficiency
Neurobiology Research
Vestibular and Hearing Defects
Reproductive Biology Research
Developmental Defects Affecting Gonads
germ cell deficient
Fertility Defects
Gonadal Tumors
ovarian and testicular
Research Tools
Immunology and Inflammation Research
Mast Cell Deficiency
Sensorineural Research
Vestibular and Hearing Defects
Dermatology Research
Color and White Spotting Defects
Genes & Alleles
Gene & Allele Information
| Allele Symbol | Hm | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Allele Name | hammertoe | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Hm, hammer toe | ||
| Chromosome | 5 | ||
| Allele Symbol | KitlSl | ||
| Allele Name | steel | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Common Name(s) | MgfSl; Sl; | ||
| Strain of Origin | C3H | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Kitl, kit ligand | ||
| Chromosome | 10 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | Clo; Con; DKFZp686F2250; FPH2; Gb; KL-1; MGF; Mgf; SCF; SF; SHEP7; SLF; Sl; Steel; Steel factor; cloud gray; contrasted; grizzle-belly; mast cell growth factor; steel; stem cell factor; | ||
| Molecular Note | By Southern blotting, it was concluded that this allele contains a deletion encompassing most, if not all, of the coding region of the gene. A probe corresponding to nucleotides 6 to 685 of the cDNA failed to hybridize to DNA obtained from embryos homozygous for this allele. PCR analysis with primers for sequences at various distances from the Kit gene narrowed the 5' and 3' deletion endpoints to a 350 and a 380 base-pair region, respectively. Sequencing of the product of PCR using primers designed to span the deletion revealed that it extends through 973,366 base pairs on Chromosome 10 between nucleotide positions 99,177,807 and 100,151,173 (NCBI Map Viewer, Build 36.1), with a 4-base pair insertion joining the deletion endpoints, and contains 6 predicted and 3 known genes. [MGI Ref ID J:10750] [MGI Ref ID J:115283] | ||
| Allele Symbol | Krt71Ca-J | ||
| Allele Name | caracul Jackson | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Strain of Origin | C57BL/6J | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Krt71, keratin 71 | ||
| Chromosome | 15 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | AA589543; Ca; Cu; K6IRS1; KRT6IRS; KRT6IRS1; Krt2-6g; MGC119390; MGC119391; caracul; curly; expressed sequence AA589543; keratin complex 2, basic, gene 6g; mK6irs; mK6irs1; | ||
| Molecular Note | Sequence analysis of Krt2-6g identified the spontaneous deletion of codon 140, comprised of nucleotides 418, 419, and 420 (CAA). The deleted codon predicted an asparagine in the alpha-helical rod domain. This molecular lesion is the same that has been identified in Krt2-6gCa-Rin, Ca9J, and Ca10J. | ||
| Allele Symbol | a | ||
| Allele Name | nonagouti | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
Genotyping
Genotyping Information
This strain will not have a genotyping protocol or one is not currently available.
Helpful Links
Genotyping resources and troubleshooting
References
References
Additional References
Arguello F; Furlanetto RW; Baggs RB; Graves BT; Harwell SE; Cohen HJ; Frantz CN. 1992. Incidence and distribution of experimental metastases in mutant mice with defective organ microenvironments (genotypes Sl/Sld and W/Wv). Cancer Res 52(8):2304-9. [PubMed: 1559233] [MGI Ref ID J:468]
Hayashi C; Sonoda T; Nakano T; Nakayama H; Kitamura Y. 1985. Mast-cell precursors in the skin of mouse embryos and their deficiency in embryos of Sl/Sld genotype. Dev Biol 109(1):234-41. [PubMed: 3987963] [MGI Ref ID J:7810]
Huang E; Nocka K; Beier DR; Chu TY; Buck J; Lahm HW; Wellner D; Leder P; Besmer P. 1990. The hematopoietic growth factor KL is encoded by the Sl locus and is the ligand of the c-kit receptor, the gene product of the W locus. Cell 63(1):225-33. [PubMed: 1698557] [MGI Ref ID J:10751]
Kikkawa Y; Oyama A; Ishii R; Miura I; Amano T; Ishii Y; Yoshikawa Y; Masuya H; Wakana S; Shiroishi T; Taya C; Yonekawa H. 2003. A small deletion hotspot in the type II keratin gene mK6irs1/Krt2-6g on mouse chromosome 15, a candidate for causing the wavy hair of the caracul (Ca) mutation. Genetics 165(2):721-33. [PubMed: 14573483] [MGI Ref ID J:86407]
Kimura S; Terashima T; Schaumann BA; Shimada M; Shiota K. 2000. Pads and flexion creases on the plantar surface of hammertoe mutant mouse (Hm) Anat Rec 260(1):26-32. [PubMed: 10967533] [MGI Ref ID J:64344]
Murphy ED. 1977. Effects of mutant steel alleles on leukemogenesis and life-span in the mouse. J Natl Cancer Inst 58(1):107-10. [PubMed: 319242] [MGI Ref ID J:5758]
Schrott A; Egg G; Spoendlin H. 1988. Intermediate filaments in the cochleas of normal and mutant (w/wv, sl/sld) mice. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 245(4):250-4. [PubMed: 2460075] [MGI Ref ID J:9423]
Schrott A; Spoendlin H. 1987. Pigment anomaly-associated inner ear deafness. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 103(5-6):451-7. [PubMed: 3618172] [MGI Ref ID J:8813]
Wolf NS. 1978. Dissecting the hematopoietic microenvironment. II. The kinetics of the erythron of the S1/S1d mouse and the dual nature of its anemia. Cell Tissue Kinet 11(4):325-34. [PubMed: 688326] [MGI Ref ID J:6031]
Zsebo KM; Williams DA; Geissler EN; Broudy VC; Martin FH; Atkins HL; Hsu RY; Birkett NC; Okino KH; Murdock DC; Jacobsen FW; Langley KE; Smith KA; Takeishi T; Cattanach BM; Galli SJ; Suggs SV. 1990. Stem cell factor is encoded at the Sl locus of the mouse and is the ligand for the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor. Cell 63(1):213-24. [PubMed: 1698556] [MGI Ref ID J:10750]
Hm relatedKitlSl relatedAhuja HS; James W; Zakeri Z. 1997. Rescue of the limb deformity in hammertoe mutant mice by retinoic acid-induced cell death. Dev Dyn 208(4):466-81. [PubMed: 9097019] [MGI Ref ID J:39336]
Aoki T; Setsu T; Okado H; Mikoshiba K; Watanabe Y; Terashima T. 2001. Callosal commissural neurons of Dab1 deficient mutant mouse, yotari. Neurosci Res 41(1):13-23. [PubMed: 11535289] [MGI Ref ID J:102565]
Chautan M; Chazal G; Cecconi F; Gruss P; Golstein P. 1999. Interdigital cell death can occur through a necrotic and caspase-independent pathway. Curr Biol 9(17):967-70. [PubMed: 10508592] [MGI Ref ID J:114162]
Green MC. 1964. Hammer-Toe, Hm Mouse News Lett 31:27-28. [MGI Ref ID J:13425]
Heus HC; Luijsterburg AJ; van Baren MJ; Breedveld GJ; Joosse MN; Nieuwenhuizen IM; Vermeij-Keers C; Oostra BA; Heutink P. 2001. Hemimelic extra toes and Hammer toe are distinct mutations that show a genetic interaction. Mamm Genome 12(1):77-9. [PubMed: 11178748] [MGI Ref ID J:68687]
Kimura S; Schaumann BA; Shiota K. 2005. Ectopic dermal ridge configurations on the interdigital webbings of Hammertoe mutant mice (Hm): another possible role of programmed cell death in limb development. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 73(2):92-102. [PubMed: 15678493] [MGI Ref ID J:101667]
Kimura S; Terashima T; Schaumann BA; Shimada M; Shiota K. 2000. Pads and flexion creases on the plantar surface of hammertoe mutant mouse (Hm) Anat Rec 260(1):26-32. [PubMed: 10967533] [MGI Ref ID J:64344]
Schimenti JC; Libby BJ; Bergstrom RA; Wilson LA; Naf D; Tarantino LM; Alavizadeh A; Lengeling A; Bucan M. 2000. Interdigitated deletion complexes on mouse chromosome 5 induced by irradiation of embryonic stem cells Genome Res 10(7):1043-50. [PubMed: 10899153] [MGI Ref ID J:63451]
Shima N; Hartford SA; Duffy T; Wilson LA; Schimenti KJ; Schimenti JC. 2003. Phenotype-based identification of mouse chromosome instability mutants. Genetics 163(3):1031-40. [PubMed: 12663541] [MGI Ref ID J:82700]
Sweet HO. 1982. Hm and Hx are not alleles Mouse News Lett 66:66. [MGI Ref ID J:13913]
Takaoka Y; Setsu T; Misaki K; Yamauchi T; Terashima T. 2005. Expression of reelin in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of the mouse. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 159(2):127-34. [PubMed: 16139369] [MGI Ref ID J:103543]
Wilson L; Ching YH; Farias M; Hartford SA; Howell G; Shao H; Bucan M; Schimenti JC. 2005. Random mutagenesis of proximal mouse chromosome 5 uncovers predominantly embryonic lethal mutations. Genome Res 15(8):1095-105. [PubMed: 16024820] [MGI Ref ID J:100332]
Yamamoto T; Sakakibara S; Mikoshiba K; Terashima T. 2003. Ectopic corticospinal tract and corticothalamic tract neurons in the cerebral cortex of yotari and reeler mice. J Comp Neurol 461(1):61-75. [PubMed: 12722105] [MGI Ref ID J:83585]
Yuasa S; Kitoh J; Oda S; Kawamura K. 1993. Obstructed migration of Purkinje cells in the developing cerebellum of the reeler mutant mouse. Anat Embryol (Berl) 188(4):317-29. [PubMed: 7506500] [MGI Ref ID J:16839]
Zakeri Z; Quaglino D; Ahuja HS. 1994. Apoptotic cell death in the mouse limb and its suppression in the hammertoe mutant. Dev Biol 165(1):294-7. [PubMed: 8088447] [MGI Ref ID J:20327]
Zakeri ZF; Ahuja HS. 1994. Apoptotic cell death in the limb and its relationship to pattern formation. Biochem Cell Biol 72(11-12):603-13. [PubMed: 7654334] [MGI Ref ID J:25744]
Krt71Ca-J relatedBennett D. 1956. Developmental analysis of a mutation with pleiotropic effects in the mouse J Morphol 98(2):199-233. [MGI Ref ID J:28098]
Bernstein SE. 1969. Hereditary disorders of the rodent erythron. In: Genetics in Laboratory Animal Medicine. Natl Acad Sci Publ, Washington, DC. [MGI Ref ID J:30699]
Chan CK; Chen CC; Luppen CA; Kim JB; DeBoer AT; Wei K; Helms JA; Kuo CJ; Kraft DL; Weissman IL. 2009. Endochondral ossification is required for haematopoietic stem-cell niche formation. Nature 457(7228):490-4. [PubMed: 19078959] [MGI Ref ID J:143892]
Chen R; Ning G; Zhao ML; Fleming MG; Diaz LA; Werb Z; Liu Z. 2001. Mast cells play a key role in neutrophil recruitment in experimental bullous pemphigoid. J Clin Invest 108(8):1151-8. [PubMed: 11602622] [MGI Ref ID J:72195]
Clark EA; Shultz LD; Pollack SB. 1981. Mutations in mice that influence natural killer (NK) cell activity. Immunogenetics 12(5-6):601-13. [PubMed: 6971254] [MGI Ref ID J:6485]
Copeland NG; Gilbert DJ; Cho BC; Donovan PJ; Jenkins NA; Cosman D; Anderson D; Lyman SD; Williams DE. 1990. Mast cell growth factor maps near the steel locus on mouse chromosome 10 and is deleted in a number of steel alleles. Cell 63(1):175-83. [PubMed: 1698554] [MGI Ref ID J:10748]
Flanagan JG; Leder P. 1990. The kit ligand: a cell surface molecule altered in steel mutant fibroblasts. Cell 63(1):185-94. [PubMed: 1698555] [MGI Ref ID J:10749]
Gore BB; Wong KG; Tessier-Lavigne M. 2008. Stem cell factor functions as an outgrowth-promoting factor to enable axon exit from the midline intermediate target. Neuron 57(4):501-10. [PubMed: 18304480] [MGI Ref ID J:132880]
Gu Y; Runyan C; Shoemaker A; Surani A; Wylie C. 2009. Steel factor controls primordial germ cell survival and motility from the time of their specification in the allantois, and provides a continuous niche throughout their migration. Development 136(8):1295-303. [PubMed: 19279135] [MGI Ref ID J:147283]
Gurish MF; Tao H; Abonia JP; Arya A; Friend DS; Parker CM; Austen KF. 2001. Intestinal mast cell progenitors require CD49dbeta7 (alpha4beta7 integrin) for tissue-specific homing. J Exp Med 194(9):1243-52. [PubMed: 11696590] [MGI Ref ID J:119138]
Hu B; Colletti LM. 2008. Stem cell factor and c-kit are involved in hepatic recovery after acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295(1):G45-G53. [PubMed: 18467506] [MGI Ref ID J:137545]
Ishii M; Tachiwana T; Hoshino A; Tsunekawa N; Hiramatsu R; Matoba S; Kanai-Azuma M; Kawakami H; Kurohmaru M; Kanai Y. 2007. Potency of testicular somatic environment to support spermatogenesis in XX/Sry transgenic male mice. Development 134(3):449-54. [PubMed: 17185318] [MGI Ref ID J:135064]
Kitamura Y; Go S. 1979. Decreased production of mast cells in S1/S1d anemic mice. Blood 53(3):492-7. [PubMed: 367470] [MGI Ref ID J:6084]
Kitamura Y; Yokoyama M; Matsuda H; Shimada M. 1980. Coincidental development of forestomach papilloma and prepyloric ulcer in nontreated mutant mice of W/Wv and SI/SId genotypes. Cancer Res 40(9):3392-7. [PubMed: 7000343] [MGI Ref ID J:6393]
Krishnamoorthy N; Oriss TB; Paglia M; Fei M; Yarlagadda M; Vanhaesebroeck B; Ray A; Ray P. 2008. Activation of c-Kit in dendritic cells regulates T helper cell differentiation and allergic asthma. Nat Med 14(5):565-73. [PubMed: 18454155] [MGI Ref ID J:136704]
Lam MY; Nadeau JH. 2003. Genetic control of susceptibility to spontaneous testicular germ cell tumors in mice. APMIS 111(1):184-90; discussion 191. [PubMed: 12752260] [MGI Ref ID J:82965]
Lee DM; Friend DS; Gurish MF; Benoist C; Mathis D; Brenner MB. 2002. Mast cells: a cellular link between autoantibodies and inflammatory arthritis. Science 297(5587):1689-92. [PubMed: 12215644] [MGI Ref ID J:78906]
Lotinun S; Evans GL; Turner RT; Oursler MJ. 2005. Deletion of membrane-bound steel factor results in osteopenia in mice. J Bone Miner Res 20(4):644-52. [PubMed: 15765184] [MGI Ref ID J:111273]
Lourenssen S; Motro B; Bernstein A; Diamond J. 2000. Defects in sensory nerve numbers and growth in mutant Kit and Steel mice. Neuroreport 11(6):1159-65. [PubMed: 10817584] [MGI Ref ID J:103680]
Majumdar MK; Everett ET; Xiao X; Cooper R; Langley K; Kapur R; Vik T; Williams DA. 1996. Xenogeneic expression of human stem cell factor in transgenic mice mimics codominant c-kit mutations. Blood 87(8):3203-11. [PubMed: 8605335] [MGI Ref ID J:32600]
McCoshen JA; McCallion DJ. 1975. A study of the primordial germ cells during their migratory phase in Steel mutant mice. Experientia 31(5):589-90. [PubMed: 1170085] [MGI Ref ID J:5547]
Mikkelsen HB; Malysz J; Huizinga JD; Thuneberg L. 1998. Action potential generation, Kit receptor immunohistochemistry and morphology of steel-Dickie (Sl/Sld) mutant mouse small intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil 10(1):11-26. [PubMed: 9507248] [MGI Ref ID J:113054]
Motro B; Wojtowicz JM; Bernstein A; van der Kooy D. 1996. Steel mutant mice are deficient in hippocampal learning but not long-term potentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(5):1808-13. [PubMed: 8700840] [MGI Ref ID J:32130]
Murphy ED. 1966. Characteristic Tumors. In: Biology of the Laboratory Mouse. McGraw-Hill, New York. [MGI Ref ID J:24830]
Murphy ED. 1977. Effects of mutant steel alleles on leukemogenesis and life-span in the mouse. J Natl Cancer Inst 58(1):107-10. [PubMed: 319242] [MGI Ref ID J:5758]
Ogawa T; Dobrinski I; Avarbock MR; Brinster RL. 2000. Transplantation of male germ line stem cells restores fertility in infertile mice [see comments] Nat Med 6(1):29-34. [PubMed: 10613820] [MGI Ref ID J:59322]
Ohta H; Aizawa S; Nishimune Y. 2003. Functional Analysis of the p53 Gene in Apoptosis Induced by Heat Stress or Loss of Stem Cell Factor Signaling in Mouse Male Germ Cells. Biol Reprod 68(6):2249-54. [PubMed: 12606380] [MGI Ref ID J:83572]
Ohta H; Yomogida K; Dohmae K; Nishimune Y. 2000. Regulation of proliferation and differentiation in spermatogonial stem cells: the role of c-kit and its ligand SCF Development 127(10):2125-31. [PubMed: 10769236] [MGI Ref ID J:61520]
Ren X; Hogaboam C; Carpenter A; Colletti L. 2003. Stem cell factor restores hepatocyte proliferation in IL-6 knockout mice following 70% hepatectomy. J Clin Invest 112(9):1407-18. [PubMed: 14597766] [MGI Ref ID J:118475]
Rodewald HR; Kretzschmar K; Swat W; Takeda S. 1995. Intrathymically expressed c-kit ligand (stem cell factor) is a major factor driving expansion of very immature thymocytes in vivo. Immunity 3(3):313-9. [PubMed: 7552996] [MGI Ref ID J:28959]
Runyan C; Schaible K; Molyneaux K; Wang Z; Levin L; Wylie C. 2006. Steel factor controls midline cell death of primordial germ cells and is essential for their normal proliferation and migration. Development 133(24):4861-9. [PubMed: 17107997] [MGI Ref ID J:115283]
Russell ES. 1970. Abnormalities of erythropoiesis associated with mutant genes in mice. In: Regulation of Hematopoiesis. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York. [MGI Ref ID J:27511]
Russell ES; Bernstein SE. 1966. Blood and Blood Formation. In: Biology of the Laboratory Mouse. McGraw Hill, New York. [MGI Ref ID J:24829]
Russell LB; Russell WL. 1953. Steel (Sl) and Pearl (pe) Mouse News Lett 8:14. [MGI Ref ID J:104625]
Sarvella PA; Russell LB. 1956. Steel, a new dominant gene in the house mouse J Hered 47:123-128. [MGI Ref ID J:3399]
Sassa S; Bernstein SE. 1978. Studies of erythrocyte protoporphyrin in anemic mutant mice: use of a modified hematofluorometer for the detection of heterozygotes for hemolytic disease. Exp Hematol 6(5):479-87. [PubMed: 658175] [MGI Ref ID J:5985]
Schwarzenberger P; Huang W; Ye P; Oliver P; Manuel M; Zhang Z; Bagby G; Nelson S; Kolls JK. 2000. Requirement of endogenous stem cell factor and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor for IL-17-mediated granulopoiesis. J Immunol 164(9):4783-9. [PubMed: 10779785] [MGI Ref ID J:112156]
Silver DL; Hou L; Somerville R; Young ME; Apte SS; Pavan WJ. 2008. The secreted metalloprotease AMAMTS20 is required for melanoblast survival PLoS Genet 4(2):e1000003. [PubMed: 18454205] [MGI Ref ID J:133403]
Staats J. 1963. Inbred Strains of Mice No. 3 Companion to Mouse News Lett No. 29 :. [MGI Ref ID J:55932]
Stevens LC; Mackensen JA. 1961. Genetic and environmental influences on teratocarcinogenesis in mice J Natl Cancer Inst 27:443-453. [MGI Ref ID J:50508]
Sundberg JP; Kenty GA; Beamer WG; Adkison DL. 1992. Forestomach papillomas in flaky skin and steel-Dickie mutant mice. J Vet Diagn Invest 4(3):312-7. [PubMed: 1325193] [MGI Ref ID J:2777]
Tokuda M; Kadokawa Y; Kurahashi H; Marunouchi T. 2007. CDH1 is a specific marker for undifferentiated spermatogonia in mouse testes. Biol Reprod 76(1):130-41. [PubMed: 17035642] [MGI Ref ID J:117360]
Wang CH; Anderson N; Li SH; Szmitko PE; Cherng WJ; Fedak PW; Fazel S; Li RK; Yau TM; Weisel RD; Stanford WL; Verma S. 2006. Stem cell factor deficiency is vasculoprotective: unraveling a new therapeutic potential of imatinib mesylate. Circ Res 99(6):617-25. [PubMed: 16931795] [MGI Ref ID J:125065]
Watanabe M; Satoh T; Yamamoto Y; Kanai Y; Karasuyama H; Yokozeki H. 2008. Overproduction of IgE induces macrophage-derived chemokine (CCL22) secretion from basophils. J Immunol 181(8):5653-9. [PubMed: 18832724] [MGI Ref ID J:140755]
Wehrle-Haller B; Weston JA. 1995. Soluble and cell-bound forms of steel factor activity play distinct roles in melanocyte precursor dispersal and survival on the lateral neural crest migration pathway. Development 121(3):731-42. [PubMed: 7536655] [MGI Ref ID J:40215]
Wershil BK; Castagliuolo I; Pothoulakis C. 1998. Direct evidence of mast cell involvement in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced enteritis in mice. Gastroenterology 114(5):956-64. [PubMed: 9558284] [MGI Ref ID J:107762]
Wershil BK; Theodos CM; Galli SJ; Titus RG. 1994. Mast cells augment lesion size and persistence during experimental Leishmania major infection in the mouse. J Immunol 152(9):4563-71. [PubMed: 8157970] [MGI Ref ID J:17706]
Wolf NS. 1978. Dissecting the hematopoietic microenvironment. II. The kinetics of the erythron of the S1/S1d mouse and the dual nature of its anemia. Cell Tissue Kinet 11(4):325-34. [PubMed: 688326] [MGI Ref ID J:6031]
Wouters M; De Laet A; Donck LV; Delpire E; van Bogaert PP; Timmermans JP; de Kerchove d'Exaerde A; Smans K; Vanderwinden JM. 2006. Subtractive hybridization unravels a role for the ion cotransporter NKCC1 in the murine intestinal pacemaker. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290(6):G1219-27. [PubMed: 16123204] [MGI Ref ID J:111089]
Zsebo KM; Williams DA; Geissler EN; Broudy VC; Martin FH; Atkins HL; Hsu RY; Birkett NC; Okino KH; Murdock DC; Jacobsen FW; Langley KE; Smith KA; Takeishi T; Cattanach BM; Galli SJ; Suggs SV. 1990. Stem cell factor is encoded at the Sl locus of the mouse and is the ligand for the c-kit tyrosine kinase receptor. Cell 63(1):213-24. [PubMed: 1698556] [MGI Ref ID J:10750]
Kikkawa Y; Oyama A; Ishii R; Miura I; Amano T; Ishii Y; Yoshikawa Y; Masuya H; Wakana S; Shiroishi T; Taya C; Yonekawa H. 2003. A small deletion hotspot in the type II keratin gene mK6irs1/Krt2-6g on mouse chromosome 15, a candidate for causing the wavy hair of the caracul (Ca) mutation. Genetics 165(2):721-33. [PubMed: 14573483] [MGI Ref ID J:86407]
Sundberg JP (ed.). 1994. . In: Handbook of Mouse Mutations with Skin and Hair Abnormalities: Animal Models and Biomedical Tools. CRC Press, Boca Raton. [MGI Ref ID J:30359]
Health & husbandry
Health & Colony Maintenance Information
Currently there no information available for this strain. This may be due to the supply level of this strain.
Purchasing information
Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions
Pricing
| Pricing for USA, Canada and Mexico shipping destinations |
|
Animals Provided
Price (US dollars $) Cryorecovery Fee $1900.00 At least two mice that carry the mutation (if it is a mutant strain) will be provided. Their genotypes may not reflect those discussed in the strain description. Please inquire for possible genotypes and see additional details below.
Additional Supply Details
| Pricing for International shipping destinations |
|
Animals Provided
Price (US dollars $) Cryorecovery Fee $2470.00 At least two mice that carry the mutation (if it is a mutant strain) will be provided. Their genotypes may not reflect those discussed in the strain description. Please inquire for possible genotypes and see additional details below.
Additional Supply Details
|
|
|
Supply Details
| Standard Supply | Cryopreserved. Ready for recovery. Please refer to pricing and supply notes for further information. |
|---|---|
| Supply Notes |
|
Control Information
| Control | ||
|---|---|---|
| Wild-type from the colony | ||
| 000658 C3HeB/FeJ | ||
| Considerations for Choosing Controls | ||
| USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains. | ||
| International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains. | ||
Payment Terms and Conditions
Terms are granted by individual review and stated on the customer invoice(s) and account statement. These transactions are payable in U.S. currency within the granted terms. Payment for services, products, shipping containers, and shipping costs that are rendered are expected within the payment terms indicated on the invoice or stated by contract. Invoices and account balances in arrears of stated terms may result in The Jackson Laboratory pursuing collection activities including but not limited to outside agencies and court filings.
See Terms of Use tab for General Terms and Conditions
The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise
The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.Ordering and Purchasing Information
Purchasing Information
JAX® Mice Orders
Surgical Services
Contact Information
Orders & Technical Support
Tel: 1-800-422-6423 or 1-207-288-5845
Fax: 1-207-288-6150
Technical Support Email Form
Terms of Use
Terms of Use
General Terms and Conditions
Contact information
General inquiries
Contracts Administration
| phone: | 207-288-6470 |
| fax: | 207-288-6655 |
JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use
"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCTS" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or services provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE or PRODUCTS from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON's prior written authorization.No Warranty
MICE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE PROVIDED “AS IS”. JACKSON EXTENDS NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, WITH RESPECT TO MICE, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of mice, products or services, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the mice or product received or the services provided.
No Liability
In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. In purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS or services from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.
MICE and PRODUCTS are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.
The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS or services may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and services by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.
Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or services by JACKSON.