| |||||||||||
- Description
- Phenotype
- Genes & alleles
- Genotyping
- Health & husbandry
- References
- Purchasing information
- Terms of Use
Description
Strain Information
Former Names C3.MRL-Tnfrsf6lpr/J (Changed: 26-JAN-05 ) Type Congenic; Mutant Strain; Spontaneous Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Additional information on Congenic nomenclature. Mating System Homozygote x Homozygote (Female x Male) 01-MAR-06 Species laboratory mouse Background Strain C3H/HeJ Donor Strain MRL/MpJ-Faslpr H2 Haplotype k Generation N10F87 (28-JAN-09) Appearance
agouti
Related Genotype: A/AImportant Note
This strain is homozygous for the retinal degeneration allele Pde6brd1.Description
Mice homozygous for the lymphoproliferation spontaneous mutation (Faslpr) show systemic autoimmunity, massive lymphadenopathy associated with proliferation of aberrant T cells, arthritis, and immune complex glomerulonephrosis. Onset and severity of symptoms associated with the Faslpr allele is strain-dependent. For example, lymphoproliferation varies greatly with congenic strain C57BL/6J-Faslpr/Faslpr at a 24 fold increase over control lymph node weight, MRL/Mp-Faslpr/Faslpr at 75 fold and congenic strain C3H/HeJ-Faslpr/Faslpr highest at 116 fold increase over control lymph node weight (Morse et al 1985). Variance in renal pathology ranks from extensive in MRL/Mp-Faslpr/Faslpr at 4 to 7 months to negligible at 14 to 16 months in mice with C57BL/6J and C3H/HeJ backgrounds and homozygous for Faslpr (Kelley and Roths 1985). Spontaneous production of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies is likewise affected with percentage binding of radiolabeled dsDNA in Faslpr/Faslpr mice varying from 5 percent on C57BL/6J to 26 percent on C3H/HeJ to as high as 49 percent on MRL/Mp (Izui et al 1984). Female MRL/Mp-Faslpr mice die at an average age of 17 weeks of age and males at 22 weeks. This compares to between 42 and 52 weeks in females on the C57BL/6J or C3H/HeJ background (Roths 1987). This mouse is a model for systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune syndromes.In an attempt to offer alleles on well-characterized or multiple genetic backgrounds, alleles are frequently moved to a genetic background different from that on which an allele was first characterized. This is the case for the strain above. It should be noted that the phenotype could vary from that originally described. We will modify the strain description if necessary as published results become available.
Control Information
| Control | ||
|---|---|---|
| 000659 C3H/HeJ | ||
| Considerations for Choosing Controls | ||
Related Strains
Strains carrying Faslpr allele
000482 B6.MRL-Faslpr/J 002455 MRL-Faslpr.129P2(B6)-B2mtm1Unc 003896 MRL/MpJ Faslpr-Foxq1sa-J/J 006825 MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/2J 000485 MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/J 004519 NOD.MRL(C3)-Faslpr/DoiJ 004922 NOD.MRL-Faslpr/Dvs View Strains carrying Faslpr (7 strains)
003233 B6.129P2-Fastm1Osa/J 007895 C57BL/6-Fastm1Cgn/J 001876 CBA/KlJms-Faslpr-cg/J 003234 MRL.129P2(B6)-Fastm1Osa/J 002983 MRL.CBAJms-Faslpr-cg/J
004297 B6.CXB1-Pde6brd10/J 005252 B6EiC3Sn.BLiA-Ts(1716)65Dn/DnJ 003647 B6EiC3Sn.BLiAF1 002802 C3.BLiA Pde6b+-Krd/J 001979 C3A.BLiA-Pde6b+.O20-Prph2Rd2/J 001912 C3A.BLiA-Pde6b+/J 003648 C3Sn.BLiA-Pde6b+/Dn 004766 C57BL/6J-Pde6brd1-2J/J 004828 FVB.129P2-Pde6b+ Tyrc-ch/AntJ 004808 STOCK Mapttm1(EGFP)Klt Tg(MAPT)8cPdav/J
Additional Web Information
Genetic Quality Control Annual Report
Phenotype
Phenotype Information
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome; ALPS - Models with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs.1 Sjogren Syndrome - Models with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs.1 Sjogren Syndrome - 5 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; SLE - Models with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs.1
1 Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of those genes appear in the mouse genotype(s).
5 Conditionally targeted allele(s)assigned by genotype
Faslpr/Faslpr
C3.MRL-Faslpr/J
- life span-post-weaning/aging
- *normal* life span-post-weaning/aging (MGI Ref ID J:120650)
- when placed under hyperoxic conditions for >5 days, mice do not show increased survival (resistance to hyperoxia) compared to wild-type mice
- premature death (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- 50% mortality is observed at 11.5 months with 90% mortality at 14 months, significantly reduced from wild-type
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- abnormal B cell activation (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- after 10 weeks of age, there is a 2-fold increase in frequency of immunoglobulin-containing and secreting cells in the spleen; this does not occur until abnormal T cells (Ly-5(B220+) cells) are found in the spleen
- abnormal T cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- (sIg-, Ly-5(B220+) are present at 4 weeks of age in spleen and by 16-20 weeks, represent 80% of cells
- decreased eosinophil cell number (MGI Ref ID J:106288)
- airway eosinophils are decreased with anti-Il5 teatment compared to contol IgG-teated animals at 96 hours
- immune system phenotype
- *normal* immune system phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- mice show normal spleen and lymph node cell cytotoxic T cell response to alloantigen
- abnormal B cell activation (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- after 10 weeks of age, there is a 2-fold increase in frequency of immunoglobulin-containing and secreting cells in the spleen; this does not occur until abnormal T cells (Ly-5(B220+) cells) are found in the spleen
- abnormal T cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- (sIg-, Ly-5(B220+) are present at 4 weeks of age in spleen and by 16-20 weeks, represent 80% of cells
- abnormal lymph node morphology (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- larger lymph nodes often show extensive hemorrhage and necrosis
- enlarged lymph nodes (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- nodes are 29 times normal size
- lymph node hyperplasia (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- after 10 weeks of age, there is a 3- to 4-fold increase in numbers of B lymphocytes, and after 6 weeks of age, there is a 4- to 5-fold increase in number of null cells (sIg-, Thy-1-)
- decreased eosinophil cell number (MGI Ref ID J:106288)
- airway eosinophils are decreased with anti-Il5 teatment compared to contol IgG-teated animals at 96 hours
- decreased interleukin-2 secretion (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- after 6 weeks of age, spleen cells show significant decrease in ability to produce Il-2 induced by concanavalin A treatment
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes
- increased autoantibody level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- marked increase in thymocytotoxic autoantibodies at 6 months is seen
- increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- mice have significantly increased levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies
- increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- antibodies are increased relative to controls
- increased immunoglobulin level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- IgG and IgM levels are increased in serum at 6 months
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- abnormal renal glomerulus morphology (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- nephritic changes consist of focal increase in mesangial substance and mild mesangial proliferation
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes
- cellular phenotype
- increased apoptosis (MGI Ref ID J:106288)
- a trend toward increased apoptosis in airways is observed in anti-Il5 treated mutants after IP-IN OVA challenge
- respiratory system phenotype
- abnormal airway responsiveness (MGI Ref ID J:106288)
- mice intraperitoneally-injected (IP) with ovalbumin (OVA) and subsequently challenged intranasally (IN) with OVA develop airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) at 48 hours and is significantly sustained at 96 hours but resolves at 6 days, whereas wild-type mice under same paradigm develop AHR at 48 hours but changes in airway resistance resolve by 96 hours
- treatment with anti-Il5 at 48 hours post-IP-IN challenge significantly attenuates AHR
Faslpr/Faslpr
C3.MRL-Faslpr
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- abnormal interleukin level (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- stimulation with concanavalin A does not induce cells to produce Il2
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal T cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- lymph node cells (T cell origin) are abnormal; cells are Ly-2-/L3T4-/surface Ig-
- abnormal T cell proliferation (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- cells do not proliferate in response to stimulation with alloantigens
- abnormal T cell physiology (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- cells do not generate CTL in response to stimulation with alloantigens
- abnormal T cell proliferation (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- cells do not proliferate in response to stimulation with alloantigens
- abnormal interleukin level (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- stimulation with concanavalin A does not induce cells to produce Il2
- lacrimal gland inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:1028)
- at 2 months, glandular inflammation is neglible; at 5 months, nearly all mice exhibit lacrimal gland inflammation covering a larger area than in mutants at 2 months or controls at 5 months
- inflammation correlates with age, immune complex level and spleen weight; antinuclear antibody level correlation is greater than probability cutoff; controls do not show correlations with these factors and gland inflammation
- inflammatory infiltrates consist of mononuclear cells and occurs in a periductal or perivascular pattern
- scattered lobular atrophy with loss of secretory elements is seen in glands with multifocal infiltrates
- salivary gland inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:1028)
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- *normal* endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:1028)
- submandibular gland inflammation is observed in most mice at 5 months, but differences compared to wild-type are not significant
- no parotid gland inflammation is observed and only 1 animal showed sublingual gland inflammation at 5 months
- in inflamed lacrimal glands, lobular boundaries are preserved with preservation of interlobular septae; lobular atrophy occurs with preservation of ductal epithelium; widely dilated ducts indicate that ductal obstruction is not observed
- lacrimal gland inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:1028)
- at 2 months, glandular inflammation is neglible; at 5 months, nearly all mice exhibit lacrimal gland inflammation covering a larger area than in mutants at 2 months or controls at 5 months
- inflammation correlates with age, immune complex level and spleen weight; antinuclear antibody level correlation is greater than probability cutoff; controls do not show correlations with these factors and gland inflammation
- inflammatory infiltrates consist of mononuclear cells and occurs in a periductal or perivascular pattern
- scattered lobular atrophy with loss of secretory elements is seen in glands with multifocal infiltrates
- salivary gland inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:1028)
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- abnormal T cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- lymph node cells (T cell origin) are abnormal; cells are Ly-2-/L3T4-/surface Ig-
- abnormal T cell proliferation (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- cells do not proliferate in response to stimulation with alloantigens
- vision/eye phenotype
- lacrimal gland inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:1028)
- at 2 months, glandular inflammation is neglible; at 5 months, nearly all mice exhibit lacrimal gland inflammation covering a larger area than in mutants at 2 months or controls at 5 months
- inflammation correlates with age, immune complex level and spleen weight; antinuclear antibody level correlation is greater than probability cutoff; controls do not show correlations with these factors and gland inflammation
- inflammatory infiltrates consist of mononuclear cells and occurs in a periductal or perivascular pattern
- scattered lobular atrophy with loss of secretory elements is seen in glands with multifocal infiltrates
- digestive/alimentary phenotype
- salivary gland inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:1028)
- cellular phenotype
- decreased apoptosis (MGI Ref ID J:114219)
- vaginal cells treated with TNF or a Fas antibody do not undergo apoptosis but wild-type cells do
- nervous system phenotype
- decreased neuron apoptosis (MGI Ref ID J:124252)
- neuron viability is comparable to wild-type when grown in absence of Abeta or if treated with KCN which induces necrotic cell death
- very low levels of apoptosis (15%) compared to wild-type (60%) are seen when cortical neurons are treated with Abeta25-35 or Abeta1-40 peptides
- reproductive system phenotype
- abnormal vagina morphology (MGI Ref ID J:114219)
- 2 days after gonadectomy, vaginae show no regression measured by a decrease in vaginal organ weight, indicating no vaginal cell death, in contrast to wild-type females that show >50% decrease in vaginal organ weight
The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX® Mice strain.
Faslpr/Faslpr
MRL/Mp-Faslpr
- life span-post-weaning/aging
- premature death (MGI Ref ID J:13757)
- mean age of death in females was 17 weeks of age
- mean age of death in males was 22 weeks of age
- life span of females is 120+/-4 days
- life span of males is 154+/-32 days
- 50% mortality is observed at 5 or 5.5 months for females and males with 90% mortality at 7.3 or 8.6 months in females and males
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal B cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:108760)
- frequency of C3d receptor bearing cells declines with age
- abnormal B cell receptor editing (MGI Ref ID J:131138)
- Anti-dsDNA B cells escape receptor editing
- abnormal marginal zone B cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:131138)
- mice have a larger marginal zone B cell population (10.8% of splenic lymphocytes) compared to BALB/c controls (1.9%)
- abnormal T cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:108760)
- increase in T-cell frequencies and absolute numbers with advanced disease; however, the number of Ly123+ and Ly23+ T cells is markedly decreased in older mice compared to young mice
- the proliferating T cell population expresses cell surface markers that are normally expressed by B cells, in addition to normal T cell surface markers
- mutant Lyt-2- T cells express a cell surface marker that is also expressed on B cells
- lymph node cells (T cell origin) are abnormal; cells are Ly-2-/L3T4-/surface Ig-
- abnormal immune system organ morphology (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- abnormal lymph node morphology (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- in mice with lymph node hyperplasia, larger nodes show extensive hemorrhage and cystic necrosis, which results in clinically observed terminal reduction in size
- abnormal lymph node cell ratio (MGI Ref ID J:6257)
- mice show 4- to 6-fold higher frequencies of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (IgSC) compared to normal controls
- enlarged lymph nodes (MGI Ref ID J:108760)
- enlargement started at 8 weeks of age and progressed until lymph node weights were 100 times control lymph node weight by 16 weeks of age
- node architecture was blurred, with proliferation of lymphocytes with some admixture of plasma cells and histiocytes
- no evidence of malignancy was present, despite enlargement
- all mice begin to develop generalized lymph lymphadenopathy when >3 months of age; in about 33%. lymph nodes shrink markedly 7-10 days before death
- lymph node hyperplasia (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- lymph nodes are up to 100 times normal size
- abnormal marginal zone B cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:131138)
- mice have a larger marginal zone B cell population (10.8% of splenic lymphocytes) compared to BALB/c controls (1.9%)
- abnormal thymus cortex morphology (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- atrophic cortex
- abnormal thymus medulla morphology (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- increase in thymus weight restricted to the medulla
- enlarged Peyer's patches (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- slight enlargement
- enlarged spleen (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- spleen is 7-fold larger than controls
- enlarged thymus (MGI Ref ID J:13757)
- slighlty enlarged
- increased thymus weight (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- doubling of thymus weight
- thymus atrophy (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- thymic atrophy is observed; severity is most severe in the cortex but usually involves the medulla in most animals
- initial lesion is loss of cortical thymocytes, with later degeneration (cystic) of thymocytes of medulla
- in 5-10% of animals, there is medullary or stromal hyperplasia that maintains or increases the size of the thymus
- abnormal immune system physiology (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- abnormal T cell physiology (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- cells do not generate CTL in response to stimulation with alloantigens
- abnormal T cell proliferation (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- cells do not proliferate in response to stimulation with alloantigens
- abnormal T-helper 2 physiology (MGI Ref ID J:6257)
- activity of helper T cells is enhanced in older mice relative to younger animals or normal controls
- abnormal cytotoxic T cell physiology (MGI Ref ID J:7488)
- 4-6 month old mice exhibit significantly depressed cytotoxic T cell response to alloantigens
- abnormal interleukin level (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- stimulation with concanavalin A does not induce cells to produce Il2
- decreased interleukin-2 secretion (MGI Ref ID J:6638)
- early in life, mice show reduced Il2 production, that worsens with age, such that almost no Il2 activity is detected in culture supernatants from 2 month old animals; spleen cells show no stimulated Il2 production upon stimulation with concanavalin A
- mice have severe deficiency in Il-2 production
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:13757)
- immune complex glomerulonephritis
- glomerular lesions involve proliferation of both endothelial and mesangial cells and basement memebrane thickening
- granular deposits of immunoglobulins present in the capillary walls
- capsular cell proliferation, tubular damage, and casts were seen in severe lesions
- mice show a largely subacute proliferative form of disease; lesions involve proliferation of endothelial and mesangial cells
- increased autoantibody level (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- thymocytoxic autoantibodies are detected with aging
- increased anti-erythrocyte antigen antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- levels reach 4 and 11% in males and females
- increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- antinuclear antibody titers are detectable at 8 weeks of age and increased rapidly
- anti-Sm antibodies are detected in males and females but not in controls
- anti-nuclear antigen antibody (ANA) activity in renal eluate Ig is much higher than activity in serum Ig for anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA
- increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:6257)
- 4-month old mice show around 4-fold higher number of spleen cells secreting autoantibodies to dsDNA compared to 8-month old wild-type controls.
- high levels detected at 4-5 months
- significant levels of IgM and IgG antibodies that bind dsDNA antibodies are detected in mice 6-8 weeks of age
- levels of these auto antibodies rise with age
- increased anti-single stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- detected at significant levels at 2 months, with very high levels detected at 4-5 months
- increased immunoglobulin level (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- hypergammaglobulinemia
- mice show 4- to 6-fold higher frequencies of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in spleens compared to normal controls
- increased IgA level (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- 2-fold increase
- increased IgG level (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- at 2-3 months, concentration are up to 5 times control and 8 times control at 5 months
- increased IgG1 level (MGI Ref ID J:13757)
- 10-fold increase
- increased IgG2a level (MGI Ref ID J:13757)
- 10-fold increase
- increased IgG2b level (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- 2-fold increase
- increased IgM level (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- 2-fold increase
- increased susceptibility to autoimmune disorder (MGI Ref ID J:108760)
- salivary gland inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:21965)
- autoimmune sialodenitis with parenchymal destruction is observed in 4-6 month old mice in submandibular salivary glands of female mice
- most infiltrating cells are CD4+ and Vbeta8+ with a minority being CD4+ and Vbeta6+
- lymphocytic infiltration and lymphocytic foci are observed in mice 3.4-3.7 months of age
- treatment with danazol or Org 4094 sifnificantly lowers number of foci and percentage of lymphocyte infiltration, as well as other immune parameters compared to untreated controls
- thyroid inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:28171)
- animals display thyroid gland infiltration (autoimmune thyroiditis)
- type III hypersensitivity reaction (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes in lung, kidney, salivary gland and liver
- perivascular and peribronchial lymphoproliferation observed in lung reslting in patches of atelectasis and exudate containing patches
- vascular inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- arteritis is observed in a number of organs, and is associated with hemorrhage and infarcts in the lymph nodes
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- abnormal renal glomerulus morphology (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- between 2 and 5 months, granular IgG and C3 deposits increase in capillary wall and mesangium
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:13757)
- immune complex glomerulonephritis
- glomerular lesions involve proliferation of both endothelial and mesangial cells and basement memebrane thickening
- granular deposits of immunoglobulins present in the capillary walls
- capsular cell proliferation, tubular damage, and casts were seen in severe lesions
- mice show a largely subacute proliferative form of disease; lesions involve proliferation of endothelial and mesangial cells
- proteinuria (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- incomplete penetrance, 50% of females tested have a 9-fold increase over controls
- skin/coat/nails phenotype
- skin lesions (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- lesions accompanied by hair loss and scab formation were common
- erythemateous lesions of the ear often become necrotic
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- abnormal circulating protein level (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- mice have high concentrations of circulating immune complex at 2-3 and 4-5 months
- high levels of cyroglobulins are found in mice at 5 months
- hyperalbuminemia (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- increased circulating total protein level (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- total serum protein levels are slightly increased
- 2-fold increase in beta- and 5-fold increase in gamma-globulins
- abnormal interleukin level (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- stimulation with concanavalin A does not induce cells to produce Il2
- proteinuria (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- incomplete penetrance, 50% of females tested have a 9-fold increase over controls
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- abnormal B cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:108760)
- frequency of C3d receptor bearing cells declines with age
- abnormal B cell receptor editing (MGI Ref ID J:131138)
- Anti-dsDNA B cells escape receptor editing
- abnormal marginal zone B cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:131138)
- mice have a larger marginal zone B cell population (10.8% of splenic lymphocytes) compared to BALB/c controls (1.9%)
- abnormal T cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:108760)
- increase in T-cell frequencies and absolute numbers with advanced disease; however, the number of Ly123+ and Ly23+ T cells is markedly decreased in older mice compared to young mice
- the proliferating T cell population expresses cell surface markers that are normally expressed by B cells, in addition to normal T cell surface markers
- mutant Lyt-2- T cells express a cell surface marker that is also expressed on B cells
- lymph node cells (T cell origin) are abnormal; cells are Ly-2-/L3T4-/surface Ig-
- abnormal T cell proliferation (MGI Ref ID J:8267)
- cells do not proliferate in response to stimulation with alloantigens
- abnormal thymus cortex morphology (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- atrophic cortex
- abnormal thymus medulla morphology (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- increase in thymus weight restricted to the medulla
- enlarged spleen (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- spleen is 7-fold larger than controls
- enlarged thymus (MGI Ref ID J:13757)
- slighlty enlarged
- increased thymus weight (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- doubling of thymus weight
- thymus atrophy (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- thymic atrophy is observed; severity is most severe in the cortex but usually involves the medulla in most animals
- initial lesion is loss of cortical thymocytes, with later degeneration (cystic) of thymocytes of medulla
- in 5-10% of animals, there is medullary or stromal hyperplasia that maintains or increases the size of the thymus
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- abnormal cardiovascular system physiology (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- 15-30% of mice suffer old and/or acute myocardial infarction involving either ventricle and judged severe enough to contribute to death
- vascular inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:28885)
- arteritis is observed in a number of organs, and is associated with hemorrhage and infarcts in the lymph nodes
- abnormal coronary artery morphology (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- *normal* endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:18512)
- lymphatic tissues that undergo age-related increase in weight due to lymphocytic accumulation are decreased in weight with cyclophosphamide treatment compared to placebo treated controls
- abnormal gland morphology (MGI Ref ID J:18512)
- dexamethasone treatment increases weight of lacrimal tissue compared to untreated mice; treatment results in a reduction in tear volume
- abnormal lacrimal gland morphology (MGI Ref ID J:18512)
- adult lacrimal glands show infiltration by lymphocytes
- treatment with steroids alleviates lymphocyte infiltration
- abnormal submandibular gland morphology (MGI Ref ID J:18512)
- treatment with androgens increases gland weight in mutants
- this treatment significantly decreases lymphocytic infiltration into submandibular glands
- abnormal thyroid gland morphology (MGI Ref ID J:28171)
- inflamed tissue has massive infiltration organized into lymphoid follicle centers and extensive interstitially distributed lymphocytes
- fibrosis is minimal, with only 1% of tissue displaying fibroblast growth; when detected, fibrosis is adjacent to atrophic follicles
- functional communication between cells in thyroid cell cultures is dramatically reduced
- abnormal thyroid follicle morphology (MGI Ref ID J:28171)
- marked decrease in follicle size is noted proceeding from center of lobe toward periphery
- salivary gland inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:21965)
- autoimmune sialodenitis with parenchymal destruction is observed in 4-6 month old mice in submandibular salivary glands of female mice
- most infiltrating cells are CD4+ and Vbeta8+ with a minority being CD4+ and Vbeta6+
- lymphocytic infiltration and lymphocytic foci are observed in mice 3.4-3.7 months of age
- treatment with danazol or Org 4094 sifnificantly lowers number of foci and percentage of lymphocyte infiltration, as well as other immune parameters compared to untreated controls
- thyroid inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:28171)
- animals display thyroid gland infiltration (autoimmune thyroiditis)
- skeleton phenotype
- joint swelling (MGI Ref ID J:27634)
- 20-25% of old, diseased mice show joint swelling of the hind feet and lower legs; involving destruction of articular cartilage, proliferation of synovium, pannus formations, and sometimes joint effusions
- digestive/alimentary phenotype
- abnormal submandibular gland morphology (MGI Ref ID J:18512)
- treatment with androgens increases gland weight in mutants
- this treatment significantly decreases lymphocytic infiltration into submandibular glands
- salivary gland inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:21965)
- autoimmune sialodenitis with parenchymal destruction is observed in 4-6 month old mice in submandibular salivary glands of female mice
- most infiltrating cells are CD4+ and Vbeta8+ with a minority being CD4+ and Vbeta6+
- lymphocytic infiltration and lymphocytic foci are observed in mice 3.4-3.7 months of age
- treatment with danazol or Org 4094 sifnificantly lowers number of foci and percentage of lymphocyte infiltration, as well as other immune parameters compared to untreated controls
- vision/eye phenotype
- abnormal lacrimal gland morphology (MGI Ref ID J:18512)
- adult lacrimal glands show infiltration by lymphocytes
- treatment with steroids alleviates lymphocyte infiltration
Faslpr/Faslpr
MRL/MpJ-Faslpr/J
- life span-post-weaning/aging
- premature death (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- 50% mortality is observed at 5 months with 90% mortality at 7.5 months, significantly reduced from wild-type
- immune system phenotype
- CNS inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:14151)
- at 20 weeks, all mice show mononuclear infiltrates in the choroid plexus; at 10 weeks, all mice display monuclear infiltrates
- abnormal immunoglobulin level (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- in vitro, splenic B cells produce significantly higher amounts of IgG1 in response to LPS and anti-CD40 plus Il4 stimulation, and higher amounts of IgG2a upon LPS stimulation
- decreased IgG level (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- production of anti-NP IgG is impaired in spleen cells
- increased immunoglobulin level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- IgG and IgM levels are increased in serum at 6 months
- mice display hypergammaglobulinemia; serum levels are comparable to Fas homozygotes
- abnormal lymph node morphology (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- larger lymph nodes often show extensive hemorrhage and necrosis
- enlarged lymph nodes (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- nodes are 62 times normal size
- conjunctivitis (MGI Ref ID J:123192)
- decreased immature B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- CD19+IgM+ immature B cells are reduced in the spleen
- decreased transitional stage B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- numbers of the T1 subset of B cells is reduced
- decreased mature B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- CD19+ IgDhigh IgMlow B cells are severely reduced in the spleen
- decreased marginal zone B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- numbers of marginal zone (MZ) B cells is reduced
- decreased spleen germinal center number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- staining intensity and number of germinal centers (GCs) is reduced 10 days post-challenge with NP-KLH antigen, compared to controls
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- severe immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 6 months
- mice show deposition of IgG or C3 in kidneys and inflammation, similar to Fas homozygotes
- kidney lesions have lower scores than those in double mutants at 20 weeks
- increased autoantibody level (MGI Ref ID J:14151)
- at 16 weeks, levels of anti-cardiolipin antibodies are significantly higher than in wild-type controls; levels are significantly higher at 8 weeks
- increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:111811)
- by 5-6 months of age, Fas-deficient mice have antinuclear antibody (ANA) levels comparable to >50% of C4b-deficient females (on Ighb haplotype homozygous background)
- at 16 weeks, anti-DNA titers are significantly higher than in wild-type controls
- mice have significantly increased levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies
- increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- antibodies are increased relative to controls and other mutant strains with Faslpr mutations
- mice produce high titers of IgG1 and IgG2a anti-dsDNA antibodies, comparable to Fas homozygotes
- increased neutrophil cell number (MGI Ref ID J:127199)
- mild to moderated neutrophil accumulation is observed at 20 weeks
- increased plasma cell number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- increased B220+IgM+ cells are observed in bone marrow; number of IgG-secreting cells are significantly increased compared to Faslpr homozygotes
- vasculitis (MGI Ref ID J:127199)
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- decreased immature B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- CD19+IgM+ immature B cells are reduced in the spleen
- decreased transitional stage B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- numbers of the T1 subset of B cells is reduced
- decreased mature B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- CD19+ IgDhigh IgMlow B cells are severely reduced in the spleen
- decreased marginal zone B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- numbers of marginal zone (MZ) B cells is reduced
- decreased spleen germinal center number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- staining intensity and number of germinal centers (GCs) is reduced 10 days post-challenge with NP-KLH antigen, compared to controls
- increased neutrophil cell number (MGI Ref ID J:127199)
- mild to moderated neutrophil accumulation is observed at 20 weeks
- increased plasma cell number (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- increased B220+IgM+ cells are observed in bone marrow; number of IgG-secreting cells are significantly increased compared to Faslpr homozygotes
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- abnormal kidney physiology (MGI Ref ID J:127199)
- progressive decline in renal function is observed, during progression to end-stage renal disease
- proteinuria (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- albuminuria (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- mice have excessive urinary albumin compared to wild-type (>10-fold) at 3-4 months
- abnormal renal glomerulus morphology (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- abnormalities due to severe glomerulonephritis
- at 20 weeks, lesions show some neutrophil infiltration and hypercellularity
- tuft necrosis, capsular proliferation and fibrosis are less common and less severe than observed in double mutants
- foot processes are only focally effaced
- abnormal mesangial cell (MGI Ref ID J:127199)
- mild increase in mesangial cells and matrix is seen at 20 weeks of age
- cortical renal glomerulopathies (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- glomerulonephritic changes such as hypercellularity, lobularity, dilated capsules and crescent formation or enlarged glomeruli are observed in mice at 3-4 months
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- severe immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 6 months
- mice show deposition of IgG or C3 in kidneys and inflammation, similar to Fas homozygotes
- kidney lesions have lower scores than those in double mutants at 20 weeks
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal spatial learning (MGI Ref ID J:14151)
- mice show increased latency to locate hidden platform in water maze testing on days 2-5 of testing at 8 weeks of age; at 16 weeks in spatial bias testing, mutants spend less time and travel reduced distances in quadrant of platform's previous location compared to controls
- impaired coordination (MGI Ref ID J:14151)
- equilibrium is significantly impaired in mice at 18-20 weeks, as measured by performance in rotarod tests
- vision/eye phenotype
- *normal* vision/eye phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:123192)
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- abnormal cardiac muscle morphology (MGI Ref ID J:14151)
- myocardium neighboring the heart valves shows mononuclear infiltration of the vessels, but valves are normal
- vasculitis (MGI Ref ID J:127199)
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- abnormal stria vascularis (MGI Ref ID J:3638)
- slight degenerative changes in the stria vascularis of both the apical and basal turns
- the basement membrane of the capillaries in the stria vascularis was thickened
- widened intercellular space in the stria vascularis
- the basal infolding of strial marginal cells
- abnormal strial intermediate cells (MGI Ref ID J:3638)
- thinned intermediate cell layer
- decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential (MGI Ref ID J:3638)
- the ABR threshold f the 20-week-old mutant mice were significantly higher than those of the 4-week-old mutant mice and the 20-week-old wild-type BALB/c mice
- muscle phenotype
- abnormal cardiac muscle morphology (MGI Ref ID J:14151)
- myocardium neighboring the heart valves shows mononuclear infiltration of the vessels, but valves are normal
- nervous system phenotype
- CNS inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:14151)
- at 20 weeks, all mice show mononuclear infiltrates in the choroid plexus; at 10 weeks, all mice display monuclear infiltrates
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- abnormal enzyme/coenzyme activity (MGI Ref ID J:109815)
- 7-8 week old mice show 2-3 fold induction of Dnase1l3 in macrophages and 4-5 fold induction in splenocytes over C57BL/6; levels in other strains like BXSB/MpJ and (NZB x NZW)F1 are similarly elevated compared to B6
- mice show a dramatic defect (~8-fold decrease) in macrophage-secreted Dnase1l3 barrier to liposomal (BT) activity compared to B6; (NZB x NZW)F1 mice show a similar defect in BT activity
- proteinuria (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- albuminuria (MGI Ref ID J:122315)
- mice have excessive urinary albumin compared to wild-type (>10-fold) at 3-4 months
- pigmentation phenotype
- abnormal strial intermediate cells (MGI Ref ID J:3638)
- thinned intermediate cell layer
Faslpr/Faslpr
involves: C3H * MRL/Mp
- immune system phenotype
- autoimmune response (MGI Ref ID J:1060)
- systemic autoimmune disease occurred at 2-3 months of age
- characterized by elevated serum immune complexes, cryoglobulins, and antinuclear antibodies
- increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:34296)
- beginning at 4 month of age
- increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (MGI Ref ID J:34296)
- beginning at 4 month of age
- increased spleen weight (MGI Ref ID J:34296)
- at 2 months of age and on
- increased susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity reaction (MGI Ref ID J:34296)
- beginning at 4 month of age
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- abnormal stria vascularis (MGI Ref ID J:1060)
- degeneration of the stria vascularis was seen starting at 2 month and progressed throughout the lifespan
- early edema of the stria occurred in the apex and progressed basalward
- by 10 months of age, stria vascularis area was smaller
- no degeneration of hair cells was seen at any age
- edematous areas in the stria vascularis primarily in the basal turns due to enlarged extracellular spaces filled with fluid
- all sensorineural elements, inner and outer hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons appeared normal even in the 8-10 month-old mice with significant threshold shifts
- abnormal stria vascularis vasculature (MGI Ref ID J:34296)
- the stria capillaries often were larger than normal, and the endothelial cells were occasionally swollen or thickened due to hypertrophy and not hyperplasia
- decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential (MGI Ref ID J:1060)
- the ABR thresholds of the 10-month-old mutant mice were significantly higher than those of wild-type C3H/HeJ controls
- the 2- and 4-month-old mutant mice had normal auditory thresholds similar to control
- after onset of systemic autoimmune disease at 3-4 months of age, threshold at 6 months were significantly elevated at 24 and 32 kHz
- threshold continued to rise and by 8 months 16 kHz was elevated as well
- threshold at the low frequencies (4 and 8 kHz) did not change with progression of systemic disease
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- increased spleen weight (MGI Ref ID J:34296)
- at 2 months of age and on
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- abnormal stria vascularis vasculature (MGI Ref ID J:34296)
- the stria capillaries often were larger than normal, and the endothelial cells were occasionally swollen or thickened due to hypertrophy and not hyperplasia
Faslpr/Faslpr
B6.MRL-Faslpr/J
- immune system phenotype
- CNS inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:120427)
- brain inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:120427)
- by 7 days after TMEV infection, inflammation is present, decreasing slightly by 21 days, but widespread tissue damage is present, similar to controls (B6)
- tissue damage is less frequent at 45 days than in Prf-null mice
- abnormal splenic cell ratio (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- T1:follicular B cell ratio is higher than wild-type or Bcl2l11-deficient mice
- decreased B cell apoptosis (MGI Ref ID J:135830)
- after bile duct ligation (BDL), Peyer's patch B cells do not display evidence of apoptosis
- enlarged lymph nodes (MGI Ref ID J:119584)
- mice develop less severe lymphadenopathy at later ages than the double mutant Igh-6/Fas mice
- lymph node hyperplasia (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- total number of cells per lymph node is increased compared to wild-type
- increased autoantibody level (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- total anti-IgM antibody levels are increased compared to wild-type
- increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- anti-nuclear antibodies are increased compared to wild-type
- increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- anti-ssDNA IgM and IgG antibodies are increased compared to wild-type
- increased anti-histone antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- increased compared to wild-type
- increased anti-single stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- anti-ssDNA IgM and IgG antibodies are increased compared to wild-type
- increased follicular B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- higher in spleen relative to wild-type
- increased immature B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- plasmablast numbers in spleen are increased relative to wild-type
- increased transitional stage B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- higher numbers of T2 B cells in spleen relative to wild-type
- increased marginal zone B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- higher in spleen relative to wild-type, Faslpr homozygotes, and Bcl2l11-deficient mice
- increased splenocyte number (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- total number of CD19+ splenocytes is higher than wild-type
- total number of splenocytes is increased relative to wild-type
- increased susceptibility to bacterial infection (MGI Ref ID J:136745)
- mice infected with 500 CFU of S. aureus have drastically elevated number of S. aureus CFU compared to similarly-infected wild-type mice, but lower counts than infected Faslgld mice
- increased susceptibility to viral infection (MGI Ref ID J:120427)
- inflammation and tissue damage in the brain are slightly greater than in control, resistant mice at 45 and 180 days
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- abnormal splenic cell ratio (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- T1:follicular B cell ratio is higher than wild-type or Bcl2l11-deficient mice
- increased follicular B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- higher in spleen relative to wild-type
- increased immature B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- plasmablast numbers in spleen are increased relative to wild-type
- increased transitional stage B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- higher numbers of T2 B cells in spleen relative to wild-type
- increased marginal zone B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- higher in spleen relative to wild-type, Faslpr homozygotes, and Bcl2l11-deficient mice
- increased splenocyte number (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- total number of CD19+ splenocytes is higher than wild-type
- total number of splenocytes is increased relative to wild-type
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- abnormal kidney morphology (MGI Ref ID J:132217)
- IgG deposits mainly localized to basement glomerular membrane are increased relative to wild-type
- number of macrophages surrounding glomeruli is increased compared to wild-type which have no macrophage index
- higher numbers of apoptotic cells are detected in glomeruli compared to wild-type
- liver/biliary system phenotype
- abnormal hepatocyte morphology (MGI Ref ID J:135830)
- confluent foci of feathery hepatocyte degeneration due to bile acid cytotoxicity are significantly reduced compared to controls hours after BDL
- decreased hepatocyte apoptosis (MGI Ref ID J:135830)
- hepatocyte cell death is reduced compared to controls after BDL
- abnormal liver physiology (MGI Ref ID J:135830)
- after BDL, necroinflammatory foci and lymphocytic infiltration are obviously less than in controls
- when mice are recipients of wild-type hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific Th1 cells after treatment with HBsAg, severe liver injury is induced to similar extent as in wild-type mice
- treatment with Prf1-deficient HBsAg-specific Th1 cells and HBsAg induces liver injury as severe as that induced by wild-type HBsAg-specific Th1 cells
- focal hepatic necrosis (MGI Ref ID J:135830)
- necroinflammatory foci after BDL are reduced in number compared to controls
- nervous system phenotype
- CNS inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:120427)
- brain inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:120427)
- by 7 days after TMEV infection, inflammation is present, decreasing slightly by 21 days, but widespread tissue damage is present, similar to controls (B6)
- tissue damage is less frequent at 45 days than in Prf-null mice
- demyelination (MGI Ref ID J:120427)
- by 7 days after TMEV infection, inflammation is present in the meninges and gray matter of spinal cord, but decreases by 21 days, although not as much as in controls (B6)
Faslpr/Faslpr
MRL-Faslpr
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal T-helper 2 physiology (MGI Ref ID J:6257)
- enhanced T-helper cell activity is seen in vitro; removal of T cells from splenic cultures resulted in a significant reduction of the frequency of spontaneous immunoglobulin release in both autoimmune and normal spleen cell populations
- T cell-enriched populations from older animals provided twice the help offered by T cells of young syngeneic animals or T cells from young and older normal mice of the same H-2 haplotype
- enlarged lymph nodes (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- mean weight of axillary lymph nodes is 1.3 grams
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- lymphocyte infiltration, lobulation, and hyaline deposition noted in kidney
- increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- levels are elevated compared to wild-type mice
- increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- 30 fold higher than in mice without autoimmune disease
- increased immunoglobulin level (MGI Ref ID J:6257)
- splenic cells in culture show four- to sixfold higher frequencies of spontaneous immunoglobulin release than controls
- increased IgG level (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- twice wild-type levels
- increased IgM level (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- about 1.7 fold higher than wild-type levels
- increased spleen weight (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- mean weight is 0.9 grams
- vasculitis (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- observed in kidneys with destruction of external elastic lamina common
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- increased blood urea nitrogen level (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- mean levels are 52.4 mg/dl
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- increased spleen weight (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- mean weight is 0.9 grams
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- vasculitis (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- observed in kidneys with destruction of external elastic lamina common
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:126261)
- lymphocyte infiltration, lobulation, and hyaline deposition noted in kidney
Faslpr/Faslpr
MRL.Cg-Irf1tm1Mak Faslpr
- life span-post-weaning/aging
- premature death (MGI Ref ID J:114771)
- mice typically die by 26 weeks of age from renal failure; 50% of mice are dead by 22 weeks
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:114771)
- at 26 weeks of age, mice show severe glomerulonephritis
- mice show extensive glomerular deposition/staining of IgG and C3
- kidney failure (MGI Ref ID J:114771)
- occurs around 26 weeks, leading to death
- proteinuria (MGI Ref ID J:114771)
- by 24 weeks of age, 75% of mice have urine protein levels >200 mg/dl
- skin/coat/nails phenotype
- abnormal skin condition (MGI Ref ID J:114771)
- mice show characteristic signs of skin disease at 24 weeks of age
- skin lesions (MGI Ref ID J:114771)
- epidermal necrosis (MGI Ref ID J:114771)
- by 24 weeks, ear necrosis is observed in some mice
- immune system phenotype
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:114771)
- at 26 weeks of age, mice show severe glomerulonephritis
- mice show extensive glomerular deposition/staining of IgG and C3
- increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:114771)
- at 26 weeks of age, levels are significantly higher relative to Faslpr, Irf1-null mice
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- proteinuria (MGI Ref ID J:114771)
- by 24 weeks of age, 75% of mice have urine protein levels >200 mg/dl
Faslpr/Faslpr
B6.MRL-Faslpr
- life span-post-weaning/aging
- premature death (MGI Ref ID J:6638)
- median survival is 284 days, compared to 795 days for controls
- 50% mortality is observed at 13.5 months with 90% mortality at 16 months, significantly reduced from wild-type
- 64% survival at 24 weeks
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal lymph node morphology (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- larger lymph nodes often show extensive hemorrhage and necrosis
- enlarged lymph nodes (MGI Ref ID J:6638)
- by 4 months of age, lymph nodes are increased 10- to 20-fold
- nodes are 13 times normal size
- generalized lymphadenopathy
- decreased interleukin-2 secretion (MGI Ref ID J:6638)
- defect in Il2 activity begins during early life and worsens with age; spleen cells show no stimulated Il2 production upon stimulation with concanavalin A
- enlarged spleen (MGI Ref ID J:135036)
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes
- interstitial lymphoid infiltration is observed at 6 months; glomerular IgG deposits that are exclusively mesangial are observed
- increased autoantibody level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- increase in thymocytotoxic autoantibodies at 6 months is seen
- mice have elevated levels of anti-chromatin antibodies compared to double mutants
- increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:6638)
- anti-nuclear antibodies are present at 6 months of age
- mice have significantly increased levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies
- mice have elevated levels of anti-chromatin (anti-nucleosome) antibodies compared to double mutants
- increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- antibodies are increased relative to controls
- increased double-negative T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:135036)
- increased immunoglobulin level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- IgG and IgM levels are increased in serum at 6 months
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- abnormal renal glomerulus morphology (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- nephritic changes consist of focal increase in mesangial substance and mild mesangial proliferation
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes
- interstitial lymphoid infiltration is observed at 6 months; glomerular IgG deposits that are exclusively mesangial are observed
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- enlarged spleen (MGI Ref ID J:135036)
- increased double-negative T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:135036)
Faslpr/Faslpr
AK.MRL-Faslpr
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal lymph node morphology (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- larger lymph nodes often show extensive hemorrhage and necrosis
- enlarged lymph nodes (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- nodes are 6 times normal size
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes
- increased autoantibody level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- increase in thymocytotoxic autoantibodies at 6 months is seen
- increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- mice have significantly increased levels of anti-ssDNA antibodies
- increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- antibodies are increased relative to controls
- increased immunoglobulin level (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- IgG and IgM levels are modestly increased in serum at 6 months
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- abnormal renal glomerulus morphology (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- nephritic changes consist of focal increase in mesangial substance and mild mesangial proliferation
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:7454)
- immune complex glomerulonephritis develops by 1 year of age but is much milder than in MRL homozygotes
Faslpr/Faslpr
MRL/MpJ-Faslpr
- life span-post-weaning/aging
- premature death (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- 50% mortality by 20 weeks; <40% survival beyond 40 weeks
- animals start to die at 4.5 months, with >50% mortality observed at 7 months
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- abnormal leukocyte morphology (MGI Ref ID J:126009)
- 46% of venules display leukocytes adjacent to endothelium, compared to only 145 in controls; in mutants and controls, 60-70% of these cells are mononuclear
- decreased B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- decreased CD4-positive T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- reduced compared to wild-type MRL animals
- decreased CD8-positive T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- reduced compared to wild-type MRL animals
- decreased activated T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- increased double-negative T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- significantly increased relative to controls
- enlarged spleen (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- severe
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal leukocyte adhesion (MGI Ref ID J:126009)
- significantly enhanced at 12 and 16 weeks
- abnormal leukocyte morphology (MGI Ref ID J:126009)
- 46% of venules display leukocytes adjacent to endothelium, compared to only 145 in controls; in mutants and controls, 60-70% of these cells are mononuclear
- decreased B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- decreased CD4-positive T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- reduced compared to wild-type MRL animals
- decreased CD8-positive T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- reduced compared to wild-type MRL animals
- decreased activated T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- increased double-negative T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- significantly increased relative to controls
- abnormal leukocyte rolling (MGI Ref ID J:126009)
- rolling is dramatically reduced, but not eliminated, in mutants compared to controls
- in mice chronically treated with anti-E-selectin antibodies, rolling is completely eliminated
- autoimmune response (MGI Ref ID J:125114)
- mice develop anti-nuclear antibodies (ie. anti-dsDNA, anti-ssDNA, etc)
- increased autoantibody level (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- IgG3 anti-IgG2a rheumatoid factor (RF) levels are much higher than wild-type controls
- increased anti-nuclear antigen antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- levels of anti-dsDNA and anti-chromatin autoantibodies are elevated compared to wild-type
- enlarged lymph nodes (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- severe
- enlarged spleen (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- severe
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:132514)
- mice show deposition of IgG or C3 in kidneys and inflammation
- increased immunoglobulin level (MGI Ref ID J:125114)
- mice develop hypergammaglobulinemia
- vascular inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- mice develop systemic necrotizing arteritis of small- and medium-sized arteries; frequently observed in kidneys
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- vascular inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:137066)
- mice develop systemic necrotizing arteritis of small- and medium-sized arteries; frequently observed in kidneys
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- glomerulonephritis (MGI Ref ID J:132514)
- mice show deposition of IgG or C3 in kidneys and inflammation
Faslpr/Faslpr
involves: MRL/Mp
- life span-post-weaning/aging
- increased sensitivity to induced morbidity/mortality (MGI Ref ID J:50903)
- mice exhibit increased Pseudomonas aerugiosa exotoxin-induced mortality compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
- immune system phenotype
- increased susceptibility to bacterial infection (MGI Ref ID J:50903)
- mice exhibit increased Pseudomonas aerugiosa exotoxin-induced mortality compared with similarly treated wild-type mice
Faslpr/Faslpr
involves: C57BL/6 * MRL/Mp
- immune system phenotype
- enlarged spleen (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice
- increased IgA level (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice
- increased IgG1 level (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice
- increased IgG2a level (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice
- increased IgG2b level (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice
- increased IgG3 level (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice
- increased IgM level (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice
- increased anti-double stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 275
- increased anti-single stranded DNA antibody level (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 275
- lymph node hyperplasia (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- enlarged spleen (MGI Ref ID J:73396)
- at day 175 and 275 compared with wild-type mice
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:Faslpr related
Pde6brd1 relatedApoptosis Research
Death Receptors
Cancer Research
Genes Regulating Growth and Proliferation
Immunology and Inflammation Research
Autoimmunity
lupus erythematosus: rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammation
rheumatoid arthritis
Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
retinitis pigmentosa, autosomal recessive
Sensorineural Research
Retinal Degeneration
Genes & Alleles
Gene & Allele Information
| Allele Symbol | Faslpr | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Allele Name | lymphoproliferation | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Common Name(s) | Fas-; Tnfrf6lpr; Tnfrsf6lpr; Tnfrsf6lpr; lpr; | ||
| Strain of Origin | MRL/Mp | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Fas, Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) | ||
| Chromosome | 19 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | AI196731; ALPS1A; APO-1; APT1; CD95; FAS1; FASTM; Fas antigen; TNFR6; TNFRSF6; Tnfrsf6; expressed sequence AI196731; lpr; lymphoproliferation; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 6; | ||
| General Note | Faslpr, lymphoproliferation, recessive. This mutation was found during inbreeding of a strain MRL/Mp derived from crosses among strains LG, AKR, C3H, and C57BL/6. The resemblance has led to extensive use of Faslpr mice in attemptsto determine the etiology of SLE and to evaluate therapies. However, the human APT1 gene (OMIM 134637) encodes the FAS antigen; Tnfrsf6 is not the homolog of the human (SLE) gene. | ||
| Molecular Note | Southern blotting experiments indicated that the mutation is a genomic rearrangement within the gene, probably within intron 2. [MGI Ref ID J:1181] [MGI Ref ID J:140028] [MGI Ref ID J:14206] [MGI Ref ID J:14503] [MGI Ref ID J:15429] [MGI Ref ID J:4166] [MGI Ref ID J:4342] [MGI Ref ID J:72675] [MGI Ref ID J:92470] | ||
| Allele Symbol | Pde6brd1 | ||
| Allele Name | retinal degeneration 1 | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Common Name(s) | Pdebrd1; rd; rd-1; rd1; rodless retina; | ||
Genotyping
Genotyping Information
Genotyping Protocols
Faslpr, Standard PCR
Helpful Links
Genotyping resources and troubleshooting
References
References
Selected Reference(s)
Andrews BS; Eisenberg RA; Theofilopoulos AN; Izui S; Wilson CB; McConahey PJ; Murphy ED; Roths JB; Dixon FJ. 1978. Spontaneous murine lupus-like syndromes. Clinical and immunopathological manifestations in several strains. J Exp Med 148(5):1198-215. [PubMed: 309911] [MGI Ref ID J:27634]
Drappa J; Brot N; Elkon KB. 1993. The Fas protein is expressed at high levels on CD4+CD8+ thymocytes and activated mature lymphocytes in normal mice but not in the lupus-prone strain, MRL lpr/lpr. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(21):10340-4. [PubMed: 7694292] [MGI Ref ID J:15429]
Hewicker M; Kromschroder E; Trautwein G. 1990. Detection of circulating immune complexes in MRL mice with different forms of glomerulonephritis. Z Versuchstierkd 33(4):149-56. [PubMed: 2238887] [MGI Ref ID J:109933]
Johnson BC; Morton JI; Trune DR. 1992. Lacrimal and salivary gland inflammation in the C3H/Ipr autoimmune strain mouse: a potential mode for Sjogren's syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 106(4):394-9. [PubMed: 1565490] [MGI Ref ID J:1028]
Kawase E; Suemori H; Takahashi N; Okazaki K; Hashimoto K; Nakatsuji N. 1994. Strain difference in establishment of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines. Int J Dev Biol 38(2):385-90. [PubMed: 7981049] [MGI Ref ID J:19823]
Medana I; Li Z; Flugel A; Tschopp J; Wekerle H; Neumann H. 2001. Fas ligand (CD95L) protects neurons against perforin-mediated T lymphocyte cytotoxicity. J Immunol 167(2):674-81. [PubMed: 11441070] [MGI Ref ID J:109872]
Morse HC 3rd; Davidson WF; Yetter RA; Murphy ED; Roths JB; Coffman RL. 1982. Abnormalities induced by the mutant gene Ipr: expansion of a unique lymphocyte subset. J Immunol 129(6):2612-5. [PubMed: 6815273] [MGI Ref ID J:6902]
Morse HC 3rd; Roths JB; Davidson WF; Langdon WY; Fredrickson TN; Hartley JW. 1985. Abnormalities induced by the mutant gene, lpr. Patterns of disease and expression of murine leukemia viruses in SJL/J mice homozygous and heterozygous for lpr. J Exp Med 161(3):602-16. [PubMed: 2982991] [MGI Ref ID J:7745]
Sato EH; Sullivan DA. 1994. Comparative influence of steroid hormones and immunosuppressive agents on autoimmune expression in lacrimal glands of a female mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 35(5):2632-42. [PubMed: 8163351] [MGI Ref ID J:18512]
Watanabe-Fukunaga R; Brannan CI; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Nagata S. 1992. Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis. Nature 356(6367):314-7. [PubMed: 1372394] [MGI Ref ID J:1181]
Yogi Y; Nakamura K; Suzuki A. 1989. The experimental inoculation with Mycobacterium leprae in autoimmune mice: results of MRL/lpr mice inoculated into the right hind foot (continued). Nippon Rai Gakkai Zasshi 58(4):235-40. [PubMed: 2489281] [MGI Ref ID J:27853]
Additional References
Kelley VE; Roths JB. 1985. Interaction of mutant lpr gene with background strain influences renal disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 37(2):220-9. [PubMed: 4042431] [MGI Ref ID J:109439]
Perchellet A; Stromnes I; Pang JM; Goverman J. 2004. CD8+ T cells maintain tolerance to myelin basic protein by 'epitope theft'. Nat Immunol 5(6):606-14. [PubMed: 15146180] [MGI Ref ID J:90638]
Yamada A; Miyazaki T; Lu LM; Ono M; Ito MR; Terada M; Mori S; Hata K; Nozaki Y; Nakatsuru S; Nakamura Y; Onji M; Nose M. 2003. Genetic basis of tissue specificity of vasculitis in MRL/lpr mice. Arthritis Rheum 48(5):1445-51. [PubMed: 12746919] [MGI Ref ID J:83832]
Faslpr relatedAdachi K; Tsutsui H; Kashiwamura S; Seki E; Nakano H; Takeuchi O; Takeda K; Okumura K; Van Kaer L; Okamura H; Akira S; Nakanishi K. 2001. Plasmodium berghei infection in mice induces liver injury by an IL-12- and toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 167(10):5928-34. [PubMed: 11698470] [MGI Ref ID J:118004]
Adachi M; Watanabe-Fukunaga R; Nagata S. 1993. Aberrant transcription caused by the insertion of an early transposable element in an intron of the Fas antigen gene of lpr mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(5):1756-60. [PubMed: 7680478] [MGI Ref ID J:4342]
Aicher WK; Fujihashi K; Yamamoto M; Kiyono H; Pitts AM; McGhee JR. 1992. Effects of the lpr/lpr mutation on T and B cell populations in the lamina propria of the small intestine, a mucosal effector site. Int Immunol 4(9):959-68. [PubMed: 1390438] [MGI Ref ID J:3154]
Akashi T; Nagafuchi S; Anzai K; Kitamura D; Wang J; Taniuchi I; Niho Y; Watanabe T. 1998. Proliferation of CD3+ B220- single-positive normal T cells was suppressed in B-cell-deficient lpr mice. Immunology 93(2):238-48. [PubMed: 9616374] [MGI Ref ID J:45808]
Alarcon-Riquelme ME; Fernandez C. 1995. CDR3 regions in the preimmune VH B cell repertoire of lpr mice. Clin Exp Immunol 101(1):73-7. [PubMed: 7621595] [MGI Ref ID J:26829]
Alarcon-Riquelme ME; Fernandez C. 1995. Expression of the B cell repertoire in lpr mice; abnormal expansion of a few VHJ558 germ-line genes. Clin Exp Immunol 99(2):262-8. [PubMed: 7851020] [MGI Ref ID J:22861]
Alenzi FQ; Marley SB; Lewis JL; Chandrashekran A; Warrens AN; Goldman JM; Gordon MY. 2002. A role for the Fas/Fas ligand apoptotic pathway in regulating myeloid progenitor cell kinetics. Exp Hematol 30(12):1428-35. [PubMed: 12482505] [MGI Ref ID J:118008]
Alexander JJ; Jacob A; Bao L; Macdonald RL; Quigg RJ. 2005. Complement-dependent apoptosis and inflammatory gene changes in murine lupus cerebritis. J Immunol 175(12):8312-9. [PubMed: 16339572] [MGI Ref ID J:122254]
Alexander JJ; Jacob A; Vezina P; Sekine H; Gilkeson GS; Quigg RJ. 2007. Absence of functional alternative complement pathway alleviates lupus cerebritis. Eur J Immunol 37(6):1691-701. [PubMed: 17523212] [MGI Ref ID J:123511]
Alexander JJ; Zwingmann C; Jacob A; Quigg R. 2007. Alteration in kidney glucose and amino acids are implicated in renal pathology in MRL/lpr mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1772(10):1143-9. [PubMed: 17942282] [MGI Ref ID J:130687]
Alexander JJ; Zwingmann C; Quigg R. 2005. MRL/lpr mice have alterations in brain metabolism as shown with [1H-13C] NMR spectroscopy. Neurochem Int 47(1-2):143-51. [PubMed: 15893408] [MGI Ref ID J:129820]
Ali M; Weinreich M; Balcaitis S; Cooper CJ; Fink PJ. 2003. Differential regulation of peripheral CD4+ T cell tolerance induced by deletion and TCR revision. J Immunol 171(11):6290-6. [PubMed: 14634147] [MGI Ref ID J:132828]
Allam R; Pawar RD; Kulkarni OP; Hornung V; Hartmann G; Segerer S; Akira S; Endres S; Anders HJ. 2008. Viral 5'-triphosphate RNA and non-CpG DNA aggravate autoimmunity and lupus nephritis via distinct TLR-independent immune responses. Eur J Immunol 38(12):3487-3498. [PubMed: 19009528] [MGI Ref ID J:141388]
Allison J; Thomas HE; Catterall T; Kay TW; Strasser A. 2005. Transgenic expression of dominant-negative Fas-associated death domain protein in beta cells protects against Fas ligand-induced apoptosis and reduces spontaneous diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 175(1):293-301. [PubMed: 15972661] [MGI Ref ID J:100606]
Alsharifi M; Lobigs M; Simon MM; Kersten A; Muller K; Koskinen A; Lee E; Mullbacher A. 2006. NK cell-mediated immunopathology during an acute viral infection of the CNS. Eur J Immunol 36(4):887-96. [PubMed: 16541469] [MGI Ref ID J:114787]
Altman A. 1994. Abnormal antigen receptor-initiated signal transduction in lpr T lymphocytes. Semin Immunol 6(1):9-17. [PubMed: 7513195] [MGI Ref ID J:19053]
Amital H; Heilweil M; Ulmansky R; Szafer F; Bar-Tana R; Morel L; Foster MH; Mostoslavsky G; Eilat D; Pizov G; Naparstek Y. 2005. Treatment with a laminin-derived peptide suppresses lupus nephritis. J Immunol 175(8):5516-23. [PubMed: 16210660] [MGI Ref ID J:119103]
Anderson CC; Mukherjee R; Sinclair NR; Jevnikar AM. 1997. Hypogammaglobulinaemia occurs in Fas-deficient MRL-lpr mice following deletion of MHC class II molecules. Clin Exp Immunol 109(3):473-9. [PubMed: 9328125] [MGI Ref ID J:42959]
Andryushkova AA; Kuznetsova IA; Orlovskaya IA; Buneva VN; Nevinsky GA. 2009. Nucleotide-hydrolyzing antibodies from the sera of autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Int Immunol 21(8):935-45. [PubMed: 19556305] [MGI Ref ID J:151679]
Aprahamian T; Bonegio RG; Richez C; Yasuda K; Chiang LK; Sato K; Walsh K; Rifkin IR. 2009. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist rosiglitazone ameliorates murine lupus by induction of adiponectin. J Immunol 182(1):340-6. [PubMed: 19109165] [MGI Ref ID J:142895]
Apte RS; Richter J; Herndon J; Ferguson TA. 2006. Macrophages inhibit neovascularization in a murine model of age-related macular degeneration. PLoS Med 3(8):e310. [PubMed: 16903779] [MGI Ref ID J:134144]
Arens R; Baars PA; Jak M; Tesselaar K; van der Valk M; van Oers MH; van Lier RA. 2005. Cutting edge: CD95 maintains effector T cell homeostasis in chronic immune activation. J Immunol 174(10):5915-20. [PubMed: 15879081] [MGI Ref ID J:98994]
Ashany D; Savir A; Bhardwaj N; Elkon KB. 1999. Dendritic cells are resistant to apoptosis through the Fas (CD95/APO-1) pathway. J Immunol 163(10):5303-11. [PubMed: 10553053] [MGI Ref ID J:118433]
Balasa B; Van Gunst K; Jung N; Balakrishna D; Santamaria P; Hanafusa T; Itoh N; Sarvetnick N. 2000. Islet-specific expression of IL-10 promotes diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice independent of Fas, perforin, TNF receptor-1, and TNF receptor-2 molecules. J Immunol 165(5):2841-9. [PubMed: 10946317] [MGI Ref ID J:64051]
Balkow S; Kersten A; Tran TT; Stehle T; Grosse P; Museteanu C; Utermohlen O; Pircher H; von Weizsacker F; Wallich R; Mullbacher A; Simon MM. 2001. Concerted action of the FasL/Fas and perforin/granzyme A and B pathways is mandatory for the development of early viral hepatitis but not for recovery from viral infection. J Virol 75(18):8781-91. [PubMed: 11507223] [MGI Ref ID J:71217]
Bao L; Haas M; Boackle SA; Kraus DM; Cunningham PN; Park P; Alexander JJ; Anderson RK; Culhane K; Holers VM; Quigg RJ. 2002. Transgenic expression of a soluble complement inhibitor protects against renal disease and promotes survival in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 168(7):3601-7. [PubMed: 11907125] [MGI Ref ID J:75572]
Bao L; Osawe I; Haas M; Quigg RJ. 2005. Signaling through up-regulated C3a receptor is key to the development of experimental lupus nephritis. J Immunol 175(3):1947-55. [PubMed: 16034139] [MGI Ref ID J:107265]
Barazzone C; Horowitz S; Donati YR; Rodriguez I; Piguet PF. 1998. Oxygen toxicity in mouse lung: pathways to cell death. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 19(4):573-81. [PubMed: 9761753] [MGI Ref ID J:51593]
Barreiro R; Luker G; Herndon J; Ferguson TA. 2004. Termination of antigen-specific immunity by CD95 ligand (Fas ligand) and IL-10. J Immunol 173(3):1519-25. [PubMed: 15265879] [MGI Ref ID J:92022]
Barrington RA; Zhang M; Zhong X; Jonsson H; Holodick N; Cherukuri A; Pierce SK; Rothstein TL; Carroll MC. 2005. CD21/CD19 coreceptor signaling promotes B cell survival during primary immune responses. J Immunol 175(5):2859-67. [PubMed: 16116172] [MGI Ref ID J:113242]
Bernstein KA; Bolshoun D; Lefkowith JB. 1993. Serum glomerular binding activity is highly correlated with renal disease in MRL/lpr mice. Clin Exp Immunol 93(3):418-23. [PubMed: 8370169] [MGI Ref ID J:15039]
Bhandoola A; Yui K; Siegel RM; Zerva L; Greene MI. 1994. Gld and lpr mice: single gene mutant models for failed self tolerance. Int Rev Immunol 11(3):231-44. [PubMed: 7930847] [MGI Ref ID J:21989]
Blair PA; Chavez-Rueda KA; Evans JG; Shlomchik MJ; Eddaoudi A; Isenberg DA; Ehrenstein MR; Mauri C. 2009. Selective targeting of B cells with agonistic anti-CD40 is an efficacious strategy for the generation of induced regulatory T2-like B cells and for the suppression of lupus in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 182(6):3492-502. [PubMed: 19265127] [MGI Ref ID J:145926]
Bloch DB; Rabkina D; Bloch KD. 1995. The cell proliferation-associated protein Ki-67 is a target of autoantibodies in the serum of MRL mice. Lab Invest 73(3):366-71. [PubMed: 7564269] [MGI Ref ID J:28749]
Bloom DD; Davignon JL; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA; Clarke SH. 1993. Overlap of the anti-Sm and anti-DNA responses of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 150(4):1579-90. [PubMed: 8432994] [MGI Ref ID J:3924]
Bolland S; Yim YS; Tus K; Wakeland EK; Ravetch JV. 2002. Genetic modifiers of systemic lupus erythematosus in FcgammaRIIB(-/-) mice. J Exp Med 195(9):1167-74. [PubMed: 11994421] [MGI Ref ID J:76486]
Bonardelle D; Benihoud K; Kiger N; Bobe P. 2005. B lymphocytes mediate Fas-dependent cytotoxicity in MRL/lpr mice. J Leukoc Biol 78(5):1052-1059. [PubMed: 16204618] [MGI Ref ID J:102764]
Booker JK; Reap EA; Cohen PL. 1998. Expression and function of Fas on cells damaged by gamma-irradiation in B6 and B6/lpr mice. J Immunol 161(9):4536-41. [PubMed: 9794379] [MGI Ref ID J:112150]
Boone DL; Dassopoulos T; Chai S; Chien M; Lodolce J; Ma A. 2003. Fas is not essential for lamina propria T lymphocyte homeostasis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285(2):G382-8. [PubMed: 12702495] [MGI Ref ID J:84826]
Bossu P; Singer GG; Andres P; Ettinger R; Marshak-Rothstein A; Abbas AK. 1993. Mature CD4+ T lymphocytes from MRL/lpr mice are resistant to receptor-mediated tolerance and apoptosis. J Immunol 151(12):7233-9. [PubMed: 7903104] [MGI Ref ID J:16035]
Bour-Jordan H; Thompson HL; Bluestone JA. 2005. Distinct effector mechanisms in the development of autoimmune neuropathy versus diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 175(9):5649-55. [PubMed: 16237054] [MGI Ref ID J:119359]
Bowen DG; Warren A; Davis T; Hoffmann MW; McCaughan GW; De St Groth BF; Bertolino P. 2002. Cytokine-dependent bystander hepatitis due to intrahepatic murine CD8 T-cell activation by bone marrow-derived cells. Gastroenterology 123(4):1252-64. [PubMed: 12360486] [MGI Ref ID J:79335]
Bradshaw S; Zheng WJ; Tsoi LC; Gilkeson G; Zhang XK. 2008. A role for Fli-1 in B cell proliferation: implications for SLE pathogenesis. Clin Immunol 129(1):19-30. [PubMed: 18692443] [MGI Ref ID J:140403]
Brard F; Shannon M; Prak EL; Litwin S; Weigert M. 1999. Somatic mutation and light chain rearrangement generate autoimmunity in anti-single-stranded DNA transgenic MRL/lpr mice. J Exp Med 190(5):691-704. [PubMed: 10477553] [MGI Ref ID J:57612]
Braun D; Geraldes P; Demengeot J. 2003. Type I Interferon controls the onset and severity of autoimmune manifestations in lpr mice. J Autoimmun 20(1):15-25. [PubMed: 12604309] [MGI Ref ID J:82338]
Breneman SM; Moynihan JA; Grota LJ; Felten DL; Felten SY. 1993. Splenic norepinephrine is decreased in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Brain Behav Immun 7(2):135-43. [PubMed: 8347895] [MGI Ref ID J:12758]
Brien JD; Uhrlaub JL; Nikolich-Zugich J. 2008. West nile virus-specific CD4 T cells exhibit direct antiviral cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity and are sufficient for antiviral protection. J Immunol 181(12):8568-75. [PubMed: 19050276] [MGI Ref ID J:142059]
Brown NJ; Hutcheson J; Bickel E; Scatizzi JC; Albee LD; Haines GK rd; Eslick J; Bradley K; Taricone E; Perlman H. 2004. Fas death receptor signaling represses monocyte numbers and macrophage activation in vivo. J Immunol 173(12):7584-93. [PubMed: 15585886] [MGI Ref ID J:94851]
Brownlie RJ; Lawlor KE; Niederer HA; Cutler AJ; Xiang Z; Clatworthy MR; Floto RA; Greaves DR; Lyons PA; Smith KG. 2008. Distinct cell-specific control of autoimmunity and infection by FcgammaRIIb. J Exp Med 205(4):883-95. [PubMed: 18362174] [MGI Ref ID J:133975]
Brummel R; Roberts TL; Stacey KJ; Lenert P. 2006. Higher-order CpG-DNA stimulation reveals distinct activation requirements for marginal zone and follicular B cells in lupus mice. Eur J Immunol 36(7):1951-62. [PubMed: 16791898] [MGI Ref ID J:115797]
Budd RC; Van Houten N; Clements J; Mixter PF. 1994. Parallels in T lymphocyte development between lpr and normal mice. Semin Immunol 6(1):43-8. [PubMed: 8167306] [MGI Ref ID J:19056]
Bullard DC; King PD; Hicks MJ; Dupont B; Beaudet AL; Elkon KB. 1997. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 deficiency protects MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice from early lethality. J Immunol 159(4):2058-67. [PubMed: 9257874] [MGI Ref ID J:42669]
Buonocore S; Haddou NO; Moore F; Florquin S; Paulart F; Heirman C; Thielemans K; Goldman M; Flamand V. 2008. Neutrophil-dependent tumor rejection and priming of tumoricidal CD8+ T cell response induced by dendritic cells overexpressing CD95L. J Leukoc Biol 84(3):713-20. [PubMed: 18567840] [MGI Ref ID J:138270]
Busser BW; Cancro MP; Laufer TM. 2004. An increased frequency of autoantibody-inducing CD4+ T cells in pre-diseased lupus-prone mice. Int Immunol 16(7):1001-7. [PubMed: 15159378] [MGI Ref ID J:90761]
Carvalho-Pinto CE; Garcia MI; Mellado M; Rodriguez-Frade JM; Martin-Caballero J; Flores J; Martinez-A C; Balomenos D. 2002. Autocrine production of IFN-gamma by macrophages controls their recruitment to kidney and the development of glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 169(2):1058-67. [PubMed: 12097414] [MGI Ref ID J:123834]
Catterall T; Stockwell D; Marshall V; Strasser A; Allison J. 2003. Autoimmune kidney disease and lymphadenopathy in NODlpr mice are not modified by deficiency in tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 or beta(2)-microglobulin. Int Immunol 15(6):679-90. [PubMed: 12750352] [MGI Ref ID J:83719]
Caucheteux SM; Gendron MC; Kanellopoulos-Langevin C. 2005. Pregnancy-induced alterations of B cell maturation and survival are differentially affected by Fas and Bcl-2, independently of BcR expression. Int Immunol 17(1):55-63. [PubMed: 15569774] [MGI Ref ID J:94796]
Chakour R; Allenbach C; Desgranges F; Charmoy M; Mauel J; Garcia I; Launois P; Louis J; Tacchini-Cottier F. 2009. A new function of the Fas-FasL pathway in macrophage activation. J Leukoc Biol 86(1):81-90. [PubMed: 19380712] [MGI Ref ID J:151214]
Chakour R; Guler R; Bugnon M; Allenbach C; Garcia I; Mauel J; Louis J; Tacchini-Cottier F. 2003. Both the Fas ligand and inducible nitric oxide synthase are needed for control of parasite replication within lesions in mice infected with Leishmania major whereas the contribution of tumor necrosis factor is minimal. Infect Immun 71(9):5287-95. [PubMed: 12933876] [MGI Ref ID J:85214]
Chan O; Shlomchik MJ. 1998. A new role for B cells in systemic autoimmunity: B cells promote spontaneous T cell activation in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 160(1):51-9. [PubMed: 9551955] [MGI Ref ID J:44923]
Chan OT; Paliwal V; McNiff JM; Park SH; Bendelac A; Shlomchik MJ. 2001. Deficiency in beta(2)-Microglobulin, But Not CD1, Accelerates Spontaneous Lupus Skin Disease While Inhibiting Nephritis in MRL-Fas(lpr) Mice: An Example of Disease Regulation at the Organ Level. J Immunol 167(5):2985-90. [PubMed: 11509649] [MGI Ref ID J:71175]
Chastagner P; Reddy J; Theze J. 2002. Lymphoadenopathy in IL-2-Deficient Mice: Further Characterization and Overexpression of the Antiapoptotic Molecule Cellular FLIP. J Immunol 169(7):3644-51. [PubMed: 12244156] [MGI Ref ID J:79241]
Chen C; Li H; Tian Q; Beardall M; Xu Y; Casanova N; Weigert M. 2006. Selection of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 176(9):5183-90. [PubMed: 16621982] [MGI Ref ID J:131631]
Chen M; Wang YH; Wang Y; Huang L; Sandoval H; Liu YJ; Wang J. 2006. Dendritic cell apoptosis in the maintenance of immune tolerance. Science 311(5764):1160-4. [PubMed: 16497935] [MGI Ref ID J:105747]
Chen Z; Koralov SB; Kelsoe G. 2000. Complement C4 inhibits systemic autoimmunity through a mechanism independent of complement receptors CR1 and CR2. J Exp Med 192(9):1339-52. [PubMed: 11067882] [MGI Ref ID J:111811]
Chervonsky AV; Wang Y; Wong FS; Visintin I; Flavell RA; Janeway CA Jr; Matis LA. 1997. The role of Fas in autoimmune diabetes. Cell 89(1):17-24. [PubMed: 9094710] [MGI Ref ID J:78679]
Chesnutt MS; Finck BK; Killeen N; Connolly MK; Goodman H; Wofsy D. 1998. Enhanced lymphoproliferation and diminished autoimmunity in CD4-deficient MRL/lpr mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 87(1):23-32. [PubMed: 9576007] [MGI Ref ID J:47163]
Christensen SR; Kashgarian M; Alexopoulou L; Flavell RA; Akira S; Shlomchik MJ. 2005. Toll-like receptor 9 controls anti-DNA autoantibody production in murine lupus. J Exp Med 202(2):321-31. [PubMed: 16027240] [MGI Ref ID J:100530]
Christensen SR; Shupe J; Nickerson K; Kashgarian M; Flavell RA; Shlomchik MJ. 2006. Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus. Immunity 25(3):417-28. [PubMed: 16973389] [MGI Ref ID J:113557]
Christianson GJ; Blankenburg RL; Duffy TM; Panka D; Roths JB; Marshak-Rothstein A; Roopenian DC. 1996. beta2-microglobulin dependence of the lupus-like autoimmune syndrome of MRL-lpr mice. J Immunol 156(12):4932-9. [PubMed: 8648144] [MGI Ref ID J:33405]
Chu JL; Drappa J; Parnassa A; Elkon KB. 1993. The defect in Fas mRNA expression in MRL/lpr mice is associated with insertion of the retrotransposon, ETn. J Exp Med 178(2):723-30. [PubMed: 7688033] [MGI Ref ID J:14206]
Chu JL; Ramos P; Rosendorff A; Nikolic-Zugic J; Lacy E; Matsuzawa A; Elkon KB. 1995. Massive upregulation of the Fas ligand in lpr and gld mice: implications for Fas regulation and the graft-versus-host disease-like wasting syndrome. J Exp Med 181(1):393-8. [PubMed: 7528774] [MGI Ref ID J:22200]
Clark EA; Shultz LD; Pollack SB. 1981. Mutations in mice that influence natural killer (NK) cell activity. Immunogenetics 12(5-6):601-13. [PubMed: 6971254] [MGI Ref ID J:6485]
Cohen PL; Creech E; Nakul-Aquaronne D; McDaniel R; Ackler S; Rapoport RG; Sobel ES; Eisenberg RA. 1993. Antigen nonspecific effect of major histocompatibility complex haplotype on autoantibody levels in systemic lupus erythematosus-prone lpr mice. J Clin Invest 91(6):2761-8. [PubMed: 7685774] [MGI Ref ID J:12587]
Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1991. Lpr and gld: single gene models of systemic autoimmunity and lymphoproliferative disease. Annu Rev Immunol 9:243-69. [PubMed: 1910678] [MGI Ref ID J:27579]
Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1992. The lpr and gld genes in systemic autoimmunity: life and death in the Fas lane [published erratum appears in Immunol Today 1993 Feb;14(2):97] Immunol Today 13(11):427-8. [PubMed: 1282318] [MGI Ref ID J:3363]
Colino J; Snapper CM. 2003. Two distinct mechanisms for induction of dendritic cell apoptosis in response to intact Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Immunol 171(5):2354-65. [PubMed: 12928382] [MGI Ref ID J:121185]
Conceicao-Silva F; Hahne M; Schroter M; Louis J; Tschopp J. 1998. The resolution of lesions induced by Leishmania major in mice requires a functional Fas (APO-1, CD95) pathway of cytotoxicity Eur J Immunol 28(1):237-45. [PubMed: 9485203] [MGI Ref ID J:45903]
Corsini NS; Sancho-Martinez I; Laudenklos S; Glagow D; Kumar S; Letellier E; Koch P; Teodorczyk M; Kleber S; Klussmann S; Wiestler B; Brustle O; Mueller W; Gieffers C; Hill O; Thiemann M; Seedorf M; Gretz N; Sprengel R; Celikel T; Martin-Villalba A. 2009. The death receptor CD95 activates adult neural stem cells for working memory formation and brain repair. Cell Stem Cell 5(2):178-90. [PubMed: 19664992] [MGI Ref ID J:152079]
Crowley SD; Vasievich MP; Ruiz P; Gould SK; Parsons KK; Pazmino AK; Facemire C; Chen BJ; Kim HS; Tran TT; Pisetsky DS; Barisoni L; Prieto-Carrasquero MC; Jeansson M; Foster MH; Coffman TM. 2009. Glomerular type 1 angiotensin receptors augment kidney injury and inflammation in murine autoimmune nephritis. J Clin Invest 119(4):943-53. [PubMed: 19287096] [MGI Ref ID J:149621]
Cruse JM; Lewis RE; Dilioglou S. 2000. Fate of immune complexes, glomerulonephritis, and cell-mediated vasculitis in lupus-prone MRL/Mp lpr/lpr mice. Exp Mol Pathol 69(3):211-22. [PubMed: 11115362] [MGI Ref ID J:106331]
Cui H; Ju ST; Sherr DH. 1996. Functional expression of Fas (CD95) protein in autoimmune lpr mice. Cell Immunol 174(1):35-41. [PubMed: 8929452] [MGI Ref ID J:36837]
Cullen CM; Bonventre PF; Heeg H; Bluethmann H; Mountz JD; Edwards CK 3rd. 1995. A fas antigen receptor mutation allows development of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1-induced lethal shock in V beta 8.2 T-cell receptor transgenic mice. Pathobiology 63(6):293-304. [PubMed: 8738468] [MGI Ref ID J:33149]
Dace DS; Khan AA; Stark JL; Kelly J; Cross AH; Apte RS. 2009. Interleukin-10 overexpression promotes Fas-ligand-dependent chronic macrophage-mediated demyelinating polyneuropathy. PLoS One 4(9):e7121. [PubMed: 19771172] [MGI Ref ID J:153611]
Dai Z; Nasr IW; Reel M; Deng S; Diggs L; Larsen CP; Rothstein DM; Lakkis FG. 2005. Impaired recall of CD8 memory T cells in immunologically privileged tissue. J Immunol 174(3):1165-70. [PubMed: 15661869] [MGI Ref ID J:135113]
Dalton DK; Haynes L; Chu CQ; Swain SL; Wittmer S. 2000. Interferon gamma eliminates responding CD4 T cells during mycobacterial infection by inducing apoptosis of activated CD4 T cells. J Exp Med 192(1):117-22. [PubMed: 10880532] [MGI Ref ID J:115328]
Dautigny N; Le Campion A; Lucas B. 1999. Timing and casting for actors of thymic negative selection. J Immunol 162(3):1294-302. [PubMed: 9973382] [MGI Ref ID J:124433]
Davidson WF; Dumont FJ; Bedigian HG; Fowlkes BJ; Morse HC 3d. 1986. Phenotypic, functional, and molecular genetic comparisons of the abnormal lymphoid cells of C3H-lpr/lpr and C3H-gld/gld mice. J Immunol 136(11):4075-84. [PubMed: 3009614] [MGI Ref ID J:8267]
Davidson WF; Giese T; Fredrickson TN. 1998. Spontaneous development of plasmacytoid tumors in mice with defective Fas-Fas ligand interactions. J Exp Med 187(11):1825-38. [PubMed: 9607923] [MGI Ref ID J:49221]
Davidson WF; Roths JB; Holmes KL; Rudikoff E; Morse HC 3d. 1984. Dissociation of severe lupus-like disease from polyclonal B cell activation and IL 2 deficiency in C3H-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 133(2):1048-56. [PubMed: 6610701] [MGI Ref ID J:7488]
Demaison C; Fiette L; Blanchetiere V; Schimpl A; Theze J; Froussard P. 1998. IL-2 receptor alpha-chain expression is independently regulated in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. J Immunol 161(4):1977-82. [PubMed: 9712069] [MGI Ref ID J:110999]
Denenberg VH; Sherman GF; Rosen GD; Morrison L; Behan PO; Galaburda AM. 1992. A behavior profile of the MRL/Mp lpr/lpr mouse and its association with hydrocephalus. Brain Behav Immun 6(1):40-9. [PubMed: 1571603] [MGI Ref ID J:3768]
Desbarats J; Newell MK. 2000. Fas engagement accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Nat Med 6(8):920-3. [PubMed: 10932231] [MGI Ref ID J:118048]
Diebold Y; Chen LL; Tepavcevic V; Ferdman D; Hodges RR; Dartt DA. 2007. Lymphocytic infiltration and goblet cell marker alteration in the conjunctiva of the MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome. Exp Eye Res 84(3):500-12. [PubMed: 17208228] [MGI Ref ID J:123192]
Dittel BN; Merchant RM; Janeway CA Jr. 1999. Evidence for Fas-dependent and Fas-independent mechanisms in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 162(11):6392-400. [PubMed: 10352252] [MGI Ref ID J:110922]
Do Y; Rafi-Janajreh AQ; McKallip RJ; Nagarkatti PS; Nagarkatti M. 2003. Combined deficiency in CD44 and Fas leads to exacerbation of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disease. Int Immunol 15(11):1327-40. [PubMed: 14565931] [MGI Ref ID J:86310]
Dohrman A; Russell JQ; Cuenin S; Fortner K; Tschopp J; Budd RC. 2005. Cellular FLIP long form augments caspase activity and death of T cells through heterodimerization with and activation of caspase-8. J Immunol 175(1):311-8. [PubMed: 15972663] [MGI Ref ID J:100574]
Dowdell KC; Pesnicak L; Hoffmann V; Steadman K; Remaley AT; Cohen JI; Straus SE; Rao VK. 2009. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, diminishes lymphoproliferation in the Fas -deficient MRL/lpr(-/-) murine model of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). Exp Hematol 37(4):487-94. [PubMed: 19217201] [MGI Ref ID J:146838]
Dudani R; Russell M; van Faassen H; Krishnan L; Sad S. 2008. Mutation in the Fas Pathway Impairs CD8+ T Cell Memory. J Immunol 180(5):2933-41. [PubMed: 18292515] [MGI Ref ID J:131560]
Dudek NL; Thomas HE; Mariana L; Sutherland RM; Allison J; Estella E; Angstetra E; Trapani JA; Santamaria P; Lew AM; Kay TW. 2006. Cytotoxic T-cells from T-cell receptor transgenic NOD8.3 mice destroy beta-cells via the perforin and Fas pathways. Diabetes 55(9):2412-8. [PubMed: 16936188] [MGI Ref ID J:116592]
Duez C; Tomkinson A; Shultz LD; Bratton DL; Gelfand EW. 2001. Fas deficiency delays the resolution of airway hyperresponsiveness after allergen sensitization and challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 108(4):547-56. [PubMed: 11590380] [MGI Ref ID J:106288]
Dumont FJ; Habbersett RC; Nichols EA; Treffinger JA; Tung AS. 1983. A monoclonal antibody (100C5) to the Lyt-2-T cell population expanding in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice detects a surface antigen normally expressed on Lyt-2+ cells and B cells. Eur J Immunol 13(6):455-9. [PubMed: 6602708] [MGI Ref ID J:7094]
Edgerton C; Crispin JC; Moratz CM; Bettelli E; Oukka M; Simovic M; Zacharia A; Egan R; Chen J; Dalle Lucca JJ; Juang YT; Tsokos GC. 2009. IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells mediate accelerated ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in autoimmunity-prone mice. Clin Immunol 130(3):313-21. [PubMed: 19058762] [MGI Ref ID J:145181]
Edwards CK 3rd; Zhou T; Zhang J; Baker TJ; De M; Long RE; Borcherding DR; Bowlin TL; Bluethmann H; Mountz JD. 1996. Inhibition of superantigen-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and inflammatory arthritis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice by a transcriptional inhibitor of TNF-alpha. J Immunol 157(4):1758-72. [PubMed: 8759766] [MGI Ref ID J:36453]
Einav S; Pozdnyakova OO; Ma M; Carroll MC. 2002. Complement C4 is protective for lupus disease independent of C3. J Immunol 168(3):1036-41. [PubMed: 11801636] [MGI Ref ID J:127292]
Eisenberg RA; Sobel ES; Reap EA; Halpern MD; Cohen PL. 1994. The role of B cell abnormalities in the systemic autoimmune syndromes of lpr and gld mice. Semin Immunol 6(1):49-54. [PubMed: 8167307] [MGI Ref ID J:19055]
Ekland EH; Forster R; Lipp M; Cyster JG. 2004. Requirements for follicular exclusion and competitive elimination of autoantigen-binding B cells. J Immunol 172(8):4700-8. [PubMed: 15067045] [MGI Ref ID J:89130]
Engelbert M; Gilmore MS. 2005. Fas ligand but not complement is critical for control of experimental Staphylococcus aureus Endophthalmitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(7):2479-86. [PubMed: 15980239] [MGI Ref ID J:136745]
Enjo F; Okanoue T; Itoh Y; Mori T; Sakamoto S; Nagao Y; Kashima K. 1993. The phenotypic and functional abnormalities of MRL/LPR mouse liver macrophages - in comparison with C3H/HEN mouse. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid. , Netherlands. [MGI Ref ID J:17910]
Eriksson AU; Singh RR. 2008. Cutting edge: migration of langerhans dendritic cells is impaired in autoimmune dermatitis. J Immunol 181(11):7468-72. [PubMed: 19017935] [MGI Ref ID J:142207]
Esfandiari E; McInnes IB; Lindop G; Huang FP; Field M; Komai-Koma M; Wei Xq; Liew FY. 2001. A proinflammatory role of il-18 in the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease. J Immunol 167(9):5338-47. [PubMed: 11673550] [MGI Ref ID J:72675]
Ettinger R; Wang JK; Bossu P; Papas K; Sidman CL; Abbas AK; Marshak-Rothstein A. 1994. Functional distinctions between MRL-lpr and MRL-gld lymphocytes. Normal cells reverse the gld but not lpr immunoregulatory defect. J Immunol 152(4):1557-68. [PubMed: 8120369] [MGI Ref ID J:16936]
Fan H; Patel VA; Longacre A; Levine JS. 2006. Abnormal regulation of the cytoskeletal regulator Rho typifies macrophages of the major murine models of spontaneous autoimmunity. J Leukoc Biol 79(1):155-65. [PubMed: 16244106] [MGI Ref ID J:104741]
Fecho K; Bentley SA; Cohen PL. 1998. Mice deficient in fas ligand (gld) or fas (lpr) show few alterations in granulopoiesis. Cell Immunol 188(1):19-32. [PubMed: 9743554] [MGI Ref ID J:50037]
Feeney AJ; Lawson BR; Kono DH; Theofilopoulos AN. 2001. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deficiency decreases autoimmune disease in mrl-fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 167(6):3486-93. [PubMed: 11544342] [MGI Ref ID J:71517]
Feng X; Li H; Rumbin AA; Wang X; La Cava A; Brechtelsbauer K; Castellani LW; Witztum JL; Lusis AJ; Tsao BP. 2007. ApoE-/-Fas-/- C57BL/6 mice: a novel murine model simultaneously exhibits lupus nephritis, atherosclerosis, and osteopenia. J Lipid Res 48(4):794-805. [PubMed: 17259598] [MGI Ref ID J:121671]
Fernandes G; Good RA. 1984. Inhibition by restricted-calorie diet of lymphoproliferative disease and renal damage in MRL/lpr mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81(19):6144-8. [PubMed: 6592606] [MGI Ref ID J:7603]
Fields ML; Sokol CL; Eaton-Bassiri A; Seo Sj; Madaio MP; Erikson J. 2001. Fas/fas ligand deficiency results in altered localization of anti-double-stranded dna b cells and dendritic cells. J Immunol 167(4):2370-8. [PubMed: 11490027] [MGI Ref ID J:70822]
Fleck M; Kern ER; Zhou T; Podlech J; Wintersberger W; Edwards CK rd; Mountz JD. 1998. Apoptosis mediated by Fas but not tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 prevents chronic disease in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus. J Clin Invest 102(7):1431-43. [PubMed: 9769336] [MGI Ref ID J:115242]
Fleck M; Zhou T; Tatsuta T; Yang P; Wang Z; Mountz JD. 1998. Fas/Fas ligand signaling during gestational T cell development. J Immunol 160(8):3766-75. [PubMed: 9558079] [MGI Ref ID J:111004]
Florido M; Pearl JE; Solache A; Borges M; Haynes L; Cooper AM; Appelberg R. 2005. Gamma interferon-induced T-cell loss in virulent Mycobacterium avium infection. Infect Immun 73(6):3577-86. [PubMed: 15908387] [MGI Ref ID J:99143]
Fogler WE; Volker K; Watanabe M; Wigginton JM; Roessler P; Brunda MJ; Ortaldo JR; Wiltrout RH. 1998. Recruitment of hepatic NK cells by IL-12 is dependent on IFN-gamma and VCAM-1 and is rapidly down-regulated by a mechanism involving T cells and expression of Fas. J Immunol 161(11):6014-21. [PubMed: 9834083] [MGI Ref ID J:115033]
Ford MS; Young KJ; Zhang Z; Ohashi PS; Zhang L. 2002. The immune regulatory function of lymphoproliferative double negative T cells in vitro and in vivo. J Exp Med 196(2):261-7. [PubMed: 12119351] [MGI Ref ID J:120698]
Fossati L; Takahashi S; Merino R; Iwamoto M; Aubry JP; Nose M; Spach C; Motta R; Izui S. 1993. An MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr substrain with a limited expansion of lpr double-negative T cells and a reduced autoimmune syndrome. Int Immunol 5(5):525-32. [PubMed: 8318455] [MGI Ref ID J:15742]
Fournie GJ. 1996. Detection of nucleosome-IgG immune complexes in ascites from mice transplanted with anti-DNA antibody-secreting hybridomas and in plasma from MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Clin Exp Immunol 104(2):236-40. [PubMed: 8625514] [MGI Ref ID J:33891]
Fournier S; Rathmell JC; Goodnow CC; Allison JP. 1997. T cell-mediated elimination of B7.2 transgenic B cells. Immunity 6(3):327-39. [PubMed: 9075933] [MGI Ref ID J:112475]
Froidevaux S; Kuntz L; Velin D; Loor F. 1991. Different nature of the proliferation defects of GLD, LPR and MEV C57BL/6 mouse lymphoid cells. Autoimmunity 10(3):233-40. [PubMed: 1756226] [MGI Ref ID J:1661]
Fujiwara M; Kariyone A. 1984. One-way occurrence of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow chimaeras between congenic MRL mice. Immunology 53(2):251-6. [PubMed: 6237981] [MGI Ref ID J:7617]
Fuller MJ; Khanolkar A; Tebo AE; Zajac AJ. 2004. Maintenance, loss, and resurgence of T cell responses during acute, protracted, and chronic viral infections. J Immunol 172(7):4204-14. [PubMed: 15034033] [MGI Ref ID J:88714]
Gao HX; Campbell SR; Cui MH; Zong P; Hee-Hwang J; Gulinello M; Putterman C. 2009. Depression is an early disease manifestation in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. J Neuroimmunol 207(1-2):45-56. [PubMed: 19121871] [MGI Ref ID J:150619]
Gao Y; Herndon JM; Zhang H; Griffith TS; Ferguson TA. 1998. Antiinflammatory effects of CD95 ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis. J Exp Med 188(5):887-96. [PubMed: 9730890] [MGI Ref ID J:112021]
Gentiletti J; McCloskey LJ; Artlett CM; Peters J; Jimenez SA; Christner PJ. 2005. Demonstration of autoimmunity in the tight skin-2 mouse: a model for scleroderma. J Immunol 175(4):2418-26. [PubMed: 16081813] [MGI Ref ID J:107498]
Getachew Y; Stout-Delgado H; Miller BC; Thiele DL. 2008. Granzyme C supports efficient CTL-mediated killing late in primary alloimmune responses. J Immunol 181(11):7810-7. [PubMed: 19017970] [MGI Ref ID J:142385]
Giese T; Davidson WF. 1994. Chronic treatment of C3H-lpr/lpr and C3H-gld/gld mice with anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody prevents the accumulation of double negative T cells but not autoantibody production. J Immunol 152(4):2000-10. [PubMed: 8120404] [MGI Ref ID J:17479]
Giese T; Davidson WF. 1992. Evidence for early onset, polyclonal activation of T cell subsets in mice homozygous for lpr. J Immunol 149(9):3097-106. [PubMed: 1383337] [MGI Ref ID J:3035]
Giese T; Davidson WF. 1995. In CD8+ T cell-deficient lpr/lpr mice, CD4+B220+ and CD4+B220- T cells replace B220+ double-negative T cells as the predominant populations in enlarged lymph nodes. J Immunol 154(10):4986-95. [PubMed: 7537297] [MGI Ref ID J:25105]
Giese T; Davidson WF. 1995. The accumulation of B220+ CD4- CD8- (DN) T cells in C3H-lpr/lpr mice is not accelerated by the stimulation of CD8+ T cells or B220+ DN T cells with staphylococcal enterotoxin B and occurs independently of V beta 8+ T cells. Int Immunol 7(8):1213-23. [PubMed: 7495728] [MGI Ref ID J:28207]
Gilkeson GS; Mudgett JS; Seldin MF; Ruiz P; Alexander AA; Misukonis MA ; Pisetsky DS ; Weinberg JB. 1997. Clinical and serologic manifestations of autoimmune disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice lacking nitric oxide synthase type 2. J Exp Med 186(3):365-73. [PubMed: 9236188] [MGI Ref ID J:42666]
Gilkeson GS; Ruiz P; Pritchard AJ; Pisetsky DS. 1991. Genetic control of inflammatory arthritis and glomerulonephritis in congenic lpr mice and their F1 hybrids. J Autoimmun 4(4):595-606. [PubMed: 1777011] [MGI Ref ID J:1866]
Gomez L; Chavanis N; Argaud L; Chalabreysse L; Gateau-Roesch O; Ninet J; Ovize M. 2005. Fas-independent mitochondrial damage triggers cardiomyocyte death after ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 289(5):H2153-8. [PubMed: 16006549] [MGI Ref ID J:115446]
Gong JH; Ratkay LG; Waterfield JD; Clark-Lewis I. 1997. An antagonist of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) inhibits arthritis in the MRL-lpr mouse model. J Exp Med 186(1):131-7. [PubMed: 9207007] [MGI Ref ID J:41493]
Goulet JL; Griffiths RC; Ruiz P; Spurney RF; Pisetsky DS; Koller BH; Coffman TM. 1999. Deficiency of 5-lipoxygenase abolishes sex-related survival differences in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 163(1):359-66. [PubMed: 10384136] [MGI Ref ID J:55637]
Graham EM; Sheldon RA; Flock DL; Ferriero DM; Martin LJ; O'Riordan DP; Northington FJ. 2004. Neonatal mice lacking functional Fas death receptors are resistant to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 17(1):89-98. [PubMed: 15350969] [MGI Ref ID J:120038]
Granholm NA; Cavallo T. 1994. Pathogenesis of early nephritis in lupus prone mice with a genetic accelerating (lpr) factor. Autoimmunity 17(3):195-202. [PubMed: 7948604] [MGI Ref ID J:19022]
Green LM; Lazarus JP; LaBue M; Shah MM. 1995. Reduced cell-cell communication in a spontaneous murine model of autoimmune thyroid disease. Endocrinology 136(8):3611-8. [PubMed: 7628400] [MGI Ref ID J:28171]
Greenstein BD; Dhaher YY; Bridges E de F; Keser G; Khamashta MA; Etherington J; Greenstein AS; Coates PJ; Hall PA; Hughes GR. 1993. Effects of an aromatase inhibitor on thymus and kidney and on oestrogen receptors in female MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. Lupus 2(4):221-5. [PubMed: 8268969] [MGI Ref ID J:17560]
Guevara Patino JA; Ivanov VN; Lacy E; Elkon KB; Marino MW; Nikolic-Zugic J. 2000. TNF-alpha is the critical mediator of the cyclic AMP-induced apoptosis of CD8+4+ double-positive thymocytes. J Immunol 164(4):1689-94. [PubMed: 10657611] [MGI Ref ID J:60398]
Gujral JS; Liu J; Farhood A; Jaeschke H. 2004. Reduced oncotic necrosis in Fas receptor-deficient C57BL/6J-lpr mice after bile duct ligation. Hepatology 40(4):998-1007. [PubMed: 15382126] [MGI Ref ID J:105573]
Gupta M; Greer P; Mahanty S; Shieh WJ; Zaki SR; Ahmed R; Rollin PE. 2005. CD8-mediated protection against Ebola virus infection is perforin dependent. J Immunol 174(7):4198-202. [PubMed: 15778381] [MGI Ref ID J:97965]
Gupta VA; Hermiston ML; Cassafer G; Daikh DI; Weiss A. 2008. B cells drive lymphocyte activation and expansion in mice with the CD45 wedge mutation and Fas deficiency. J Exp Med 205(12):2755-2761. [PubMed: 19001138] [MGI Ref ID J:141398]
Gutierrez-Ramos JC; Andreu JL; Marcos MA; Vegazo IR; Martinez C. 1991. Treatment with IL2/vaccinia recombinant virus leads to serologic, histologic and phenotypic normalization of autoimmune MRL/lpr-lpr mice. Autoimmunity 10(1):15-25. [PubMed: 1742421] [MGI Ref ID J:1653]
Haas C; Ryffel B; Le Hir M. 1997. IFN-gamma is essential for the development of autoimmune glomerulonephritis in MRL/Ipr mice. J Immunol 158(11):5484-91. [PubMed: 9164971] [MGI Ref ID J:40633]
Hackshaw KV; Jackson NA; Shi Y. 1994. Composition of peritoneal macrophage membranes in autoimmune MRL lpr/lpr mice. Life Sci 55(10):767-73. [PubMed: 8072374] [MGI Ref ID J:20052]
Hagihara M; Sekiguchi K; Fujiwara M; Aoyagi T; Takeuchi T; Nagatsu T. 1992. Effects of deoxyspergualin on dipeptidyl peptidase-II and -IV in the spleen of BXSB mice and MRL/lpr mice during the development of the lupus erythematosus-like syndrome. Biochem Pharmacol 43(6):1380-3. [PubMed: 1348619] [MGI Ref ID J:991]
Hale MB; Krutzik PO; Samra SS; Crane JM; Nolan GP. 2009. Stage dependent aberrant regulation of cytokine-STAT signaling in murine systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 4(8):e6756. [PubMed: 19707593] [MGI Ref ID J:152402]
Hamano H; Saito I; Haneji N; Mitsuhashi Y; Miyasaka N; Hayashi Y. 1993. Expressions of cytokine genes during development of autoimmune sialadenitis in MRL/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 23(10):2387-91. [PubMed: 8405038] [MGI Ref ID J:15291]
Hao Z; Duncan GS; Seagal J; Su YW; Hong C; Haight J; Chen NJ; Elia A; Wakeham A; Li WY; Liepa J; Wood GA; Casola S; Rajewsky K; Mak TW. 2008. Fas receptor expression in germinal-center B cells is essential for T and B lymphocyte homeostasis. Immunity 29(4):615-27. [PubMed: 18835195] [MGI Ref ID J:141441]
Hao Z; Hampel B; Yagita H; Rajewsky K. 2004. T cell-specific ablation of Fas leads to Fas ligand-mediated lymphocyte depletion and inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis. J Exp Med 199(10):1355-65. [PubMed: 15148335] [MGI Ref ID J:114948]
Harada T; Pineda LL; Nakano A; Omura K; Zhou L; Iijima M; Yamasaki Y; Yokoyama M. 2003. Ataxia and male sterility (AMS) mouse. A new genetic variant exhibiting degeneration and loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and spermatic cells. Pathol Int 53(6):382-9. [PubMed: 12787313] [MGI Ref ID J:103945]
Haraldsson MK; Louis-Dit-Sully CA; Lawson BR; Sternik G; Santiago-Raber ML; Gascoigne NR; Theofilopoulos AN; Kono DH. 2008. The lupus-related Lmb3 locus contains a disease-suppressing Coronin-1A gene mutation. Immunity 28(1):40-51. [PubMed: 18199416] [MGI Ref ID J:131363]
Hashimoto W; Osaki T; Okamura H; Robbins PD; Kurimoto M; Nagata S; Lotze MT; Tahara H. 1999. Differential antitumor effects of administration of recombinant IL-18 or recombinant IL-12 are mediated primarily by Fas-Fas ligand- and perforin-induced tumor apoptosis, respectively. J Immunol 163(2):583-9. [PubMed: 10395644] [MGI Ref ID J:56128]
Hayashi Y; Hamano H; Haneji N; Ishimaru N; Yanagi K. 1995. Biased T cell receptor V beta gene usage during specific stages of the development of autoimmune sialadenitis in the MRL/lpr mouse model of Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 38(8):1077-84. [PubMed: 7639803] [MGI Ref ID J:28856]
Hayashi Y; Haneji N; Hamano H. 1994. Pathogenesis of Sjogren's syndrome-like autoimmune lesions in MRL/lpr mice. Pathol Int 44(8):559-68. [PubMed: 7952145] [MGI Ref ID J:20192]
Hayashi Y; Haneji N; Hamano H; Yanagi K. 1994. Transfer of Sjogren's syndrome-like autoimmune lesions into SCID mice and prevention of lesions by anti-CD4 and anti-T cell receptor antibody treatment. Eur J Immunol 24(11):2826-31. [PubMed: 7957574] [MGI Ref ID J:21965]
Hayward AR; Chmura K; Cosyns M. 2000. Interferon-gamma is required for innate immunity to Cryptosporidium parvum in mice. J Infect Dis 182(3):1001-4. [PubMed: 10950807] [MGI Ref ID J:125986]
He X; Schoeb TR; Panoskaltsis-Mortari A; Zinn KR; Kesterson RA; Zhang J; Samuel S; Hicks MJ; Hickey MJ; Bullard DC. 2006. Deficiency of P-selectin or P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 leads to accelerated development of glomerulonephritis and increased expression of CC chemokine ligand 2 in lupus-prone mice. J Immunol 177(12):8748-56. [PubMed: 17142777] [MGI Ref ID J:127199]
Heinzelmann F; Jendrossek V; Lauber K; Nowak K; Eldh T; Boras R; Handrick R; Henkel M; Martin C; Uhlig S; Kohler D; Eltzschig HK; Wehrmann M; Budach W; Belka C. 2006. Irradiation-induced pneumonitis mediated by the CD95/CD95-ligand system. J Natl Cancer Inst 98(17):1248-51. [PubMed: 16954477] [MGI Ref ID J:112382]
Herblot S; Chastagner P; Samady L; Moreau JL; Demaison C; Froussard P; Liu X; Bonnet J; Theze J. 1999. IL-2-dependent expression of genes involved in cytoskeleton organization, oncogene regulation, and transcriptional control. J Immunol 162(6):3280-8. [PubMed: 10092780] [MGI Ref ID J:53462]
Herkel J; Erez-Alon N; Mimran A; Wolkowicz R; Harmelin A; Ruiz P; Rotter V; Cohen IR. 2000. Systemic lupus erythematosus in mice, spontaneous and induced, is associated with autoimmunity to the C-terminal domain of p53 that recognizes damaged DNA. Eur J Immunol 30(4):977-84. [PubMed: 10760784] [MGI Ref ID J:61674]
Herlands RA; Christensen SR; Sweet RA; Hershberg U; Shlomchik MJ. 2008. T Cell-Independent and Toll-like Receptor-Dependent Antigen-Driven Activation of Autoreactive B Cells. Immunity 29(2):249-60. [PubMed: 18691914] [MGI Ref ID J:139567]
Herron LR; Eisenberg RA; Roper E; Kakkanaiah VN; Cohen PL; Kotzin BL. 1993. Selection of the T cell receptor repertoire in Lpr mice. J Immunol 151(7):3450-9. [PubMed: 8376785] [MGI Ref ID J:14768]
Hess DC; Taormina M; Thompson J; Sethi KD; Diamond B; Rao R; Chamberlain CR; Feldman DS. 1993. Cognitive and neurologic deficits in the MRL/lpr mouse: a clinicopathologic study. J Rheumatol 20(4):610-7. [PubMed: 8496852] [MGI Ref ID J:14151]
Hiatt K; Ingram DA; Huddleston H; Spandau DF; Kapur R; Clapp DW. 2004. Loss of the nf1 tumor suppressor gene decreases fas antigen expression in myeloid cells. Am J Pathol 164(4):1471-9. [PubMed: 15039234] [MGI Ref ID J:89131]
Hickey MJ. 2003. Alterations in leucocyte trafficking in lupus-prone mice: an examination of the MRL/faslpr mouse. Immunol Cell Biol 81(5):390-6. [PubMed: 12969327] [MGI Ref ID J:85931]
Hickey MJ; Bullard DC; Issekutz A; James WG. 2002. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions are enhanced in dermal postcapillary venules of MRL/fas(lpr) (lupus-prone) mice: roles of P- and E-selectin. J Immunol 168(9):4728-36. [PubMed: 11971023] [MGI Ref ID J:126009]
Hill LL; Shreedhar VK; Kripke ML; Owen-Schaub LB. 1999. A critical role for Fas ligand in the active suppression of systemic immune responses by ultraviolet radiation. J Exp Med 189(8):1285-94. [PubMed: 10209045] [MGI Ref ID J:54480]
Hoffmann U; Heilmann K; Hayford C; Stallmach A; Wahnschaffe U; Zeitz M; Gunthert U; Wittig BM. 2007. CD44v7 ligation downregulates the inflammatory immune response in Crohn's disease patients by apoptosis induction in mononuclear cells from the lamina propria. Cell Death Differ 14(8):1542-51. [PubMed: 17479111] [MGI Ref ID J:139267]
Hogarth MB; Norsworthy PJ; Allen PJ; Trinder PK; Loos M; Morley BJ; Walport MJ; Davies KA. 1996. Autoantibodies to the collagenous region of C1q occur in three strains of lupus-prone mice. Clin Exp Immunol 104(2):241-6. [PubMed: 8625515] [MGI Ref ID J:32811]
Hoi AY; Hickey MJ; Hall P; Yamana J; O'Sullivan KM; Santos LL; James WG; Kitching AR; Morand EF. 2006. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor deficiency attenuates macrophage recruitment, glomerulonephritis, and lethality in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 177(8):5687-96. [PubMed: 17015758] [MGI Ref ID J:139429]
Honda S; Nemoto K; Mae T; Kinjoh K; Kyogoku M; Kawamura H; Miyazawa S; Weerashinghe A; Watanabe H; Narita J; Koya T; Arakawa M; Abo T. 1999. Mice with early onset of death (EOD) due to lupus glomerulonephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 116(1):153-63. [PubMed: 10209520] [MGI Ref ID J:54561]
Hou G; Vogel W; Bendeck MP. 2001. The discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1 in arterial wound repair. J Clin Invest 107(6):727-35. [PubMed: 11254672] [MGI Ref ID J:110759]
Hron JD; Peng SL. 2004. Type I IFN protects against murine lupus. J Immunol 173(3):2134-42. [PubMed: 15265950] [MGI Ref ID J:92084]
Huang FP; Feng GJ; Lindop G; Stott DI; Liew FY. 1996. The role of interleukin 12 and nitric oxide in the development of spontaneous autoimmune disease in MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. J Exp Med 183(4):1447-59. [PubMed: 8666903] [MGI Ref ID J:110769]
Huang FP; Xu D; Esfandiari EO; Sands W; Wei XQ; Liew FY. 1998. Mice defective in Fas are highly susceptible to Leishmania major infection despite elevated IL-12 synthesis, strong Th1 responses, and enhanced nitric oxide production. J Immunol 160(9):4143-7. [PubMed: 9574511] [MGI Ref ID J:47570]
Hughes DP; Hayday A; Craft JE; Owen MJ; Crispe IN. 1995. T cells with gamma/delta T cell receptors (TCR) of intestinal type are preferentially expanded in TCR-alpha-deficient lpr mice. J Exp Med 182(1):233-41. [PubMed: 7540652] [MGI Ref ID J:26250]
Hughes PD; Belz GT; Fortner KA; Budd RC; Strasser A; Bouillet P. 2008. Apoptosis regulators Fas and Bim cooperate in shutdown of chronic immune responses and prevention of autoimmunity. Immunity 28(2):197-205. [PubMed: 18275830] [MGI Ref ID J:132218]
Huseby ES; Liggitt D; Brabb T; Schnabel B; Ohlen C; Goverman J. 2001. A pathogenic role for myelin-specific CD8(+) T cells in a model for multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med 194(5):669-76. [PubMed: 11535634] [MGI Ref ID J:118575]
Hutcheson J; Scatizzi JC; Siddiqui AM; Haines GK rd; Wu T; Li QZ; Davis LS; Mohan C; Perlman H. 2008. Combined deficiency of proapoptotic regulators Bim and Fas results in the early onset of systemic autoimmunity. Immunity 28(2):206-17. [PubMed: 18275831] [MGI Ref ID J:132217]
Ibraghimov AR; Lynch RG. 1994. T cell specialization at environmental interfaces: T cells from the lung and the female genital tract of lpr and gld mice differ from their splenic and lymph node counterparts. Eur J Immunol 24(8):1848-52. [PubMed: 7519999] [MGI Ref ID J:19907]
Iiai T; Kimura M; Kawachi Y; Hirokawa K; Watanabe H; Hatakeyama K; Abo T. 1995. Characterization of intermediate T-cell receptor cells expanding in the liver, thymus and other organs in autoimmune lpr mice: parallel analysis with their normal counterparts. Immunology 84(4):601-8. [PubMed: 7790034] [MGI Ref ID J:24526]
Ishikawa T; Yamada H; Oyamada A; Goshima F; Nishiyama Y; Yoshikai Y. 2009. Protective role of Fas-FasL signaling in lethal infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice. J Virol 83(22):11777-83. [PubMed: 19740996] [MGI Ref ID J:153977]
Itoh J; Nose M; Takahashi S; Ono M; Terasaki S; Kondoh E; Kyogoku M. 1993. Induction of different types of glomerulonephritis by monoclonal antibodies derived from an MRL/lpr lupus mouse. Am J Pathol 143(5):1436-43. [PubMed: 8238259] [MGI Ref ID J:15513]
Itoh J; Takahashi S; Ono M; Yamamoto T; Nose M; Kyogoku M. 1994. Nephritogenic antibodies in MRL/lpr lupus mice: molecular characteristics in pathological and genetic aspects. Tohoku J Exp Med 173(1):65-74. [PubMed: 7809912] [MGI Ref ID J:20595]
Itoh N; Imagawa A; Hanafusa T; Waguri M; Yamamoto K; Iwahashi H ; Moriwaki M ; Nakajima H ; Miyagawa J ; Namba M ; Makino S ; Nagata S ; Kono N ; Matsuzawa Y. 1997. Requirement of Fas for the development of autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Exp Med 186(4):613-8. [PubMed: 9254659] [MGI Ref ID J:43117]
Izawa T; Ishimaru N; Moriyama K; Kohashi M; Arakaki R; Hayashi Y. 2007. Crosstalk between RANKL and Fas signaling in dendritic cells controls immune tolerance. Blood 110(1):242-50. [PubMed: 17371940] [MGI Ref ID J:145411]
Izui S; Berney T; Shibata T; Fulpius T. 1993. IgG3 cryoglobulins in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice: immunopathogenesis, therapeutic approaches and relevance to similar human diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 52 Suppl 1:S48-54. [PubMed: 8481059] [MGI Ref ID J:15744]
Izui S; Kelley VE; Masuda K; Yoshida H; Roths JB; Murphy ED. 1984. Induction of various autoantibodies by mutant gene lpr in several strains of mice. J Immunol 133(1):227-33. [PubMed: 6609979] [MGI Ref ID J:7454]
Jabs DA; Burek CL; Hu Q; Kuppers RC; Lee B; Prendergast RA. 1992. Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy suppresses autoimmune disease in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Cell Immunol 141(2):496-507. [PubMed: 1576659] [MGI Ref ID J:962]
Jabs DA; Kuppers RC; Saboori AM; Burek CL; Enger C; Lee B; Prendergast RA. 1994. Effects of early and late treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody on autoimmune disease in MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. Cell Immunol 154(1):66-76. [PubMed: 7907009] [MGI Ref ID J:17797]
Jabs DA; Lee B; Burek CL; Saboori AM; Prendergast RA. 1996. Cyclosporine therapy suppresses ocular and lacrimal gland disease in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 37(2):377-83. [PubMed: 8603842] [MGI Ref ID J:33353]
Jabs DA; Lee B; Whittum-Hudson JA; Prendergast RA. 2000. Th1 versus Th2 immune responses in autoimmune lacrimal gland disease in MRL/Mp mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41(3):826-31. [PubMed: 10711700] [MGI Ref ID J:60734]
Jabs DA; Prendergast RA; Campbell AL; Lee B; Akpek EK; Gerard HC; Hudson AP; Whittum-Hudson JA. 2007. Autoimmune Th2-mediated dacryoadenitis in MRL/MpJ mice becomes Th1-mediated in IL-4 deficient MRL/MpJ mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48(12):5624-9. [PubMed: 18055812] [MGI Ref ID J:132514]
Jabs DA; Prendergast RA; Rorer EM; Hudson AP; Whittum-Hudson JA. 2001. Cytokines in autoimmune lacrimal gland disease in MRL/MpJ mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42(11):2567-71. [PubMed: 11581200] [MGI Ref ID J:72054]
Jabs S; Quitsch A; Kakela R; Koch B; Tyynela J; Brade H; Glatzel M; Walkley S; Saftig P; Vanier MT; Braulke T. 2008. Accumulation of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and gangliosides in mouse models of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. J Neurochem 106(3):1415-25. [PubMed: 18498441] [MGI Ref ID J:138648]
Jacobson BA; Panka DJ; Nguyen KA; Erikson J; Abbas AK; Marshak-Rothstein A. 1995. Anatomy of autoantibody production: dominant localization of antibody-producing cells to T cell zones in Fas-deficient mice. Immunity 3(4):509-19. [PubMed: 7584141] [MGI Ref ID J:29465]
James WG; Hutchinson P; Bullard DC; Hickey MJ. 2006. Cerebral leucocyte infiltration in lupus-prone MRL/MpJ-fas lpr mice--roles of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and P-selectin. Clin Exp Immunol 144(2):299-308. [PubMed: 16634804] [MGI Ref ID J:108128]
Janssen EM; Droin NM; Lemmens EE; Pinkoski MJ; Bensinger SJ; Ehst BD; Griffith TS; Green DR; Schoenberger SP. 2005. CD4+ T-cell help controls CD8+ T-cell memory via TRAIL-mediated activation-induced cell death. Nature 434(7029):88-93. [PubMed: 15744305] [MGI Ref ID J:96586]
Jarad G; Lakhe-Reddy S; Blatnik J; Koepke M; Khan S; El-Meanawy MA; O'Connor AS; Sedor JR; Schelling JR. 2004. Renal phenotype is exacerbated in Os and lpr double mutant mice. Kidney Int 66(3):1029-35. [PubMed: 15327396] [MGI Ref ID J:102341]
Jeddi P; Keusch J; Lydyard PM; Bodman-Smith KB; Chesnutt MS; Wofsy D; Hirota H; Taga T; Delves PJ. 1999. The effect on immunoglobulin glycosylation of altering in vivo production of immunoglobulin G. Immunology 98(3):475-80. [PubMed: 10583610] [MGI Ref ID J:58374]
Jeddi PA; Lund T; Bodman KB; Sumar N; Lydyard PM; Pouncey L; Heath LS; Kidd VJ; Delves PJ. 1994. Reduced galactosyltransferase mRNA levels are associated with the agalactosyl IgG found in arthritis-prone MRL-lpr/lpr strain mice. Immunology 83(3):484-8. [PubMed: 7835974] [MGI Ref ID J:21190]
Jevnikar AM; Grusby MJ; Glimcher LH. 1994. Prevention of nephritis in major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient MRL-lpr mice. J Exp Med 179(4):1137-43. [PubMed: 7908320] [MGI Ref ID J:17444]
Jiang C; Foley J; Clayton N; Kissling G; Jokinen M; Herbert R; Diaz M. 2007. Abrogation of lupus nephritis in activation-induced deaminase-deficient MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 178(11):7422-31. [PubMed: 17513793] [MGI Ref ID J:147824]
Jimi E; Strickland I; Voll RE; Long M; Ghosh S. 2008. Differential role of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in selection and survival of CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes. Immunity 29(4):523-37. [PubMed: 18957265] [MGI Ref ID J:140645]
Jin H; Carrio R; Yu A; Malek TR. 2004. Distinct activation signals determine whether IL-21 induces B cell costimulation, growth arrest, or Bim-dependent apoptosis. J Immunol 173(1):657-65. [PubMed: 15210829] [MGI Ref ID J:90963]
Jodo S; Kung JT; Xiao S; Chan DV; Kobayashi S; Tateno M; Lafyatis R; Ju ST. 2003. Anti-CD95-induced lethality requires radioresistant Fcgamma RII+ cells. A novel mechanism for fulminant hepatic failure. J Biol Chem 278(9):7553-7. [PubMed: 12477718] [MGI Ref ID J:82143]
Jolicoeur P; Hu C; Mak TW; Martinou JC; Kay DG. 2003. Protection against murine leukemia virus-induced spongiform myeloencephalopathy in mice overexpressing Bcl-2 but not in mice deficient for interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthetase, ICE, Fas, Fas ligand, or TNF-R1 genes. J Virol 77(24):13161-70. [PubMed: 14645573] [MGI Ref ID J:86761]
Ju ZL; Shi GY; Zuo JX; Zhang JW. 2007. Unexpected development of autoimmunity in BAFF-R-mutant MRL-lpr mice. Immunology 120(2):281-9. [PubMed: 17073941] [MGI Ref ID J:122315]
Jung KC; Park WS; Kim HJ; Choi EY; Kook MC; Lee HW; Bae Y. 2004. TCR-independent and caspase-independent apoptosis of murine thymocytes by CD24 cross-linking. J Immunol 172(2):795-802. [PubMed: 14707049] [MGI Ref ID J:87358]
Kagi D; Vignaux F; Ledermann B; Burki K; Depraetere V; Nagata S; Hengartner H; Golstein P. 1994. Fas and perforin pathways as major mechanisms of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Science 265(5171):528-30. [PubMed: 7518614] [MGI Ref ID J:127697]
Kakkanaiah VN; Sobel ES; MacDonald GC; Cheek RL; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1997. B cell genotype determines the fine specificity of autoantibody in lpr mice. J Immunol 159(2):1027-35. [PubMed: 9218626] [MGI Ref ID J:42203]
Kamada H; Takaoka Y; Kitagaki K; Nagai H. 1995. Effect of cyclophosphamide on lymphokine production in MRL/lpr.Yaa mice. Inflamm Res 44(11):491-8. [PubMed: 8597884] [MGI Ref ID J:30518]
Kamath AB; Camacho I; Nagarkatti PS; Nagarkatti M. 1999. Role of Fas-Fas ligand interactions in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced immunotoxicity: increased resistance of thymocytes from Fas-deficient (lpr) and Fas ligand-defective (gld) mice to TCDD-induced toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 160(2):141-55. [PubMed: 10527913] [MGI Ref ID J:59708]
Kanayama N; Cascalho M; Ohmori H. 2005. Analysis of marginal zone B cell development in the mouse with limited B cell diversity: role of the antigen receptor signals in the recruitment of B cells to the marginal zone. J Immunol 174(3):1438-45. [PubMed: 15661902] [MGI Ref ID J:110016]
Kanno H; Tachiwaki O; Nose M; Kyogoku M. 1994. Immune complex-degradation ability of macrophages in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr lupus mice and its regulation by cytokines. Clin Exp Immunol 95(1):115-21. [PubMed: 8287594] [MGI Ref ID J:16431]
Kaplan HJ; Leibole MA; Tezel T; Ferguson TA. 1999. Fas ligand (CD95 ligand) controls angiogenesis beneath the retina. Nat Med 5(3):292-7. [PubMed: 10086384] [MGI Ref ID J:53306]
Karussis DM; Vourka-Karussis U; Lehmann D; Abramsky O; Ben-Nun A; Slavin S. 1995. Immunomodulation of autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice with syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (SBMT). Clin Exp Immunol 100(1):111-7. [PubMed: 7697909] [MGI Ref ID J:25732]
Kehren J; Desvignes C; Krasteva M; Ducluzeau MT; Assossou O; Horand F; Hahne M; Kagi D; Kaiserlian D; Nicolas JF. 1999. Cytotoxicity is mandatory for CD8(+) T cell-mediated contact hypersensitivity. J Exp Med 189(5):779-86. [PubMed: 10049941] [MGI Ref ID J:112018]
Kelley VE; Ferretti A; Izui S; Strom TB. 1985. A fish oil diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid reduces cyclooxygenase metabolites, and suppresses lupus in MRL-lpr mice. J Immunol 134(3):1914-9. [PubMed: 3918111] [MGI Ref ID J:12027]
Kevil CG; Hicks MJ; He X; Zhang J; Ballantyne CM; Raman C; Schoeb TR; Bullard DC. 2004. Loss of LFA-1, but not Mac-1, protects MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr) mice from autoimmune disease. Am J Pathol 165(2):609-16. [PubMed: 15277234] [MGI Ref ID J:91523]
Kikawada E; Lenda DM; Kelley VR. 2003. IL-12 deficiency in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice delays nephritis and intrarenal IFN-gamma expression, and diminishes systemic pathology. J Immunol 170(7):3915-25. [PubMed: 12646661] [MGI Ref ID J:106635]
Kilmon MA; Wagner NJ; Garland AL; Lin L; Aviszus K; Wysocki LJ; Vilen BJ. 2007. Macrophages prevent the differentiation of autoreactive B cells by secreting CD40 ligand and interleukin-6. Blood 110(5):1595-602. [PubMed: 17712049] [MGI Ref ID J:145511]
Kim S; Kim KA; Hwang DY; Lee TH; Kayagaki N; Yagita H; Lee MS. 2000. Inhibition of autoimmune diabetes by Fas ligand: the paradox is solved. J Immunol 164(6):2931-6. [PubMed: 10706679] [MGI Ref ID J:60909]
Kim SH; Bianco NR; Shufesky WJ; Morelli AE; Robbins PD. 2007. MHC class II+ exosomes in plasma suppress inflammation in an antigen-specific and Fas ligand/Fas-dependent manner. J Immunol 179(4):2235-41. [PubMed: 17675484] [MGI Ref ID J:151223]
Kimura M; Matsuzawa A. 1994. Autoimmunity in mice bearing lprcg: a novel mutant gene. Int Rev Immunol 11(3):193-210. [PubMed: 7930845] [MGI Ref ID J:21991]
Kinoshita K; Tesch G; Schwarting A; Maron R; Sharpe AH; Kelley VR. 2000. Costimulation by B7-1 and B7-2 is required for autoimmune disease in MRL-Faslpr mice. J Immunol 164(11):6046-56. [PubMed: 10820290] [MGI Ref ID J:112278]
Kishimoto H; Sprent J. 1999. Several different cell surface molecules control negative selection of medullary thymocytes. J Exp Med 190(1):65-73. [PubMed: 10429671] [MGI Ref ID J:56164]
Kishimoto H; Surh CD; Sprent J. 1998. A role for Fas in negative selection of thymocytes in vivo. J Exp Med 187(9):1427-38. [PubMed: 9565635] [MGI Ref ID J:112083]
Kobayashi I; Matsuda T; Saito T; Yasukawa K; Kikutani H; Hirano T; Taga T; Kishimoto T. 1992. Abnormal distribution of IL-6 receptor in aged MRL/lpr mice: elevated expression on B cells and absence on CD4+ cells. Int Immunol 4(12):1407-12. [PubMed: 1363056] [MGI Ref ID J:16195]
Kobayashi S; Hirano T; Kakinuma M; Uede T. 1993. Transcriptional repression and differential splicing of Fas mRNA by early transposon (ETn) insertion in autoimmune lpr mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 191(2):617-24. [PubMed: 7681668] [MGI Ref ID J:4166]
Kobayashi T; Takahashi K; Nagai Y; Shibata T; Otani M; Izui S; Akira S; Gotoh Y; Kiyono H; Miyake K. 2008. Tonic B cell activation by Radioprotective105/MD-1 promotes disease progression in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunol 20(7):881-91. [PubMed: 18492657] [MGI Ref ID J:137066]
Koh DR; Ho A; Rahemtulla A; Fung-Leung WP; Griesser H; Mak TW. 1995. Murine lupus in MRL/lpr mice lacking CD4 or CD8 T cells. Eur J Immunol 25(9):2558-62. [PubMed: 7589126] [MGI Ref ID J:28923]
Komano H; Ikegami Y; Yokoyama M; Suzuki R; Yonehara S; Yamasaki Y; Shinohara N. 1999. Severe impairment of B cell function in lpr/lpr mice expressing transgenic Fas selectively on B cells. Int Immunol 11(7):1035-42. [PubMed: 10383935] [MGI Ref ID J:58073]
Komori H; Furukawa H; Mori S; Ito MR; Terada M; Zhang MC; Ishii N; Sakuma N; Nose M; Ono M. 2006. A signal adaptor SLAM-associated protein regulates spontaneous autoimmunity and Fas-dependent lymphoproliferation in MRL-Faslpr lupus mice. J Immunol 176(1):395-400. [PubMed: 16365433] [MGI Ref ID J:126261]
Kong PL; Morel L; Croker BP; Craft J. 2004. The centromeric region of chromosome 7 from MRL mice (Lmb3) is an epistatic modifier of Fas for autoimmune disease expression. J Immunol 172(5):2785-94. [PubMed: 14978078] [MGI Ref ID J:88238]
Kono DH; Haraldsson MK; Lawson BR; Pollard KM; Koh YT; Du X; Arnold CN; Baccala R; Silverman GJ; Beutler BA; Theofilopoulos AN. 2009. Endosomal TLR signaling is required for anti-nucleic acid and rheumatoid factor autoantibodies in lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(29):12061-6. [PubMed: 19574451] [MGI Ref ID J:150798]
Korner H; Cretney E; Wilhelm P; Kelly JM; Rollinghoff M; Sedgwick JD; Smyth MJ. 2000. Tumor necrosis factor sustains the generalized lymphoproliferative disorder (gld) phenotype [published erratum appears in J Exp Med 2000 Apr 17;191(8):following 1948] J Exp Med 191(1):89-96. [PubMed: 10620607] [MGI Ref ID J:59244]
Kosiewicz MM; Alard P; Liang S; Clark SL. 2004. Mechanisms of tolerance induced by transforming growth factor-beta-treated antigen-presenting cells: CD8 regulatory T cells inhibit the effector phase of the immune response in primed mice through a mechanism involving Fas ligand. Int Immunol 16(5):697-706. [PubMed: 15096489] [MGI Ref ID J:89454]
Kreuwel HT; Morgan DJ; Krahl T; Ko A; Sarvetnick N; Sherman LA. 1999. Comparing the relative role of perforin/granzyme versus Fas/Fas ligand cytotoxic pathways in CD8+ T cell-mediated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Immunol 163(8):4335-41. [PubMed: 10510373] [MGI Ref ID J:100013]
Krum SA; Miranda-Carboni GA; Hauschka PV; Carroll JS; Lane TF; Freedman LP; Brown M. 2008. Estrogen protects bone by inducing Fas ligand in osteoblasts to regulate osteoclast survival. EMBO J 27(3):535-45. [PubMed: 18219273] [MGI Ref ID J:131818]
Kuan AP; Cohen PL. 2005. p53 is required for spontaneous autoantibody production in B6/lpr lupus mice. Eur J Immunol 35(5):1653-60. [PubMed: 15789337] [MGI Ref ID J:97789]
Kubo T; Uchida Y; Watanabe Y; Abe M; Nakamura A; Ono M; Akira S; Takai T. 2009. Augmented TLR9-induced Btk activation in PIR-B-deficient B-1 cells provokes excessive autoantibody production and autoimmunity. J Exp Med 206(9):1971-82. [PubMed: 19687229] [MGI Ref ID J:152159]
Kusakari C; Hozawa K; Koike S; Kyogoku M; Takasaka T. 1992. MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mouse as a model of immune-induced sensorineural hearing loss. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 157:82-6. [PubMed: 1416659] [MGI Ref ID J:3638]
Kuwano K; Hagimoto N; Kawasaki M; Yatomi T; Nakamura N; Nagata S; Suda T; Kunitake R; Maeyama T; Miyazaki H; Hara N. 1999. Essential roles of the Fas-Fas ligand pathway in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Invest 104(1):13-9. [PubMed: 10393694] [MGI Ref ID J:115307]
Laderach D; Koutouzov S; Bach JF; Yamamoto AM. 2003. Concomitant early appearance of anti-ribonucleoprotein and anti-nucleosome antibodies in lupus prone mice. J Autoimmun 20(2):161-70. [PubMed: 12657529] [MGI Ref ID J:82259]
Lalli PN; Strainic MG; Yang M; Lin F; Medof ME; Heeger PS. 2008. Locally produced C5a binds to T cell-expressed C5aR to enhance effector T-cell expansion by limiting antigen-induced apoptosis. Blood 112(5):1759-66. [PubMed: 18567839] [MGI Ref ID J:138718]
Lamoureux JL; Watson LC; Cherrier M; Skog P; Nemazee D; Feeney AJ. 2007. Reduced receptor editing in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. J Exp Med 204(12):2853-64. [PubMed: 17967905] [MGI Ref ID J:128433]
Landau AM; Luk KC; Jones ML; Siegrist-Johnstone R; Young YK; Kouassi E; Rymar VV; Dagher A; Sadikot AF; Desbarats J. 2005. Defective Fas expression exacerbates neurotoxicity in a model of Parkinson's disease. J Exp Med 202(5):575-81. [PubMed: 16129703] [MGI Ref ID J:100698]
Laouar Y; Ezine S. 1994. In vivo CD4+ lymph node T cells from lpr mice generate CD4-CD8-B220+TCR-beta low cells. J Immunol 153(9):3948-55. [PubMed: 7523511] [MGI Ref ID J:21003]
Lartigue A; Courville P; Auquit I; Francois A; Arnoult C; Tron F; Gilbert D; Musette P. 2006. Role of TLR9 in anti-nucleosome and anti-DNA antibody production in lpr mutation-induced murine lupus. J Immunol 177(2):1349-54. [PubMed: 16818796] [MGI Ref ID J:135036]
Lau CM; Broughton C; Tabor AS; Akira S; Flavell RA; Mamula MJ; Christensen SR; Shlomchik MJ; Viglianti GA; Rifkin IR; Marshak-Rothstein A. 2005. RNA-associated autoantigens activate B cells by combined B cell antigen receptor/Toll-like receptor 7 engagement. J Exp Med 202(9):1171-7. [PubMed: 16260486] [MGI Ref ID J:118731]
Le AV; Cho JY; Miller M; McElwain S; Golgotiu K; Broide DH. 2007. Inhibition of allergen-induced airway remodeling in Smad 3-deficient mice. J Immunol 178(11):7310-6. [PubMed: 17513781] [MGI Ref ID J:147829]
Le Moine A; Surquin M; Demoor FX; Noel JC; Nahori MA; Pretolani M; Flamand V; Braun MY; Goldman M; Abramowicz D. 1999. IL-5 mediates eosinophilic rejection of MHC class II-disparate skin allografts in mice. J Immunol 163(7):3778-84. [PubMed: 10490975] [MGI Ref ID J:118717]
Lech M; Kulkarni OP; Pfeiffer S; Savarese E; Krug A; Garlanda C; Mantovani A; Anders HJ. 2008. Tir8/Sigirr prevents murine lupus by suppressing the immunostimulatory effects of lupus autoantigens. J Exp Med 205(8):1879-88. [PubMed: 18644972] [MGI Ref ID J:138217]
Leder A; Kuo A; Shen MM; Leder P. 1992. In situ hybridization reveals co-expression of embryonic and adult alpha globin genes in the earliest murine erythrocyte progenitors. Development 116(4):1041-9. [PubMed: 1295728] [MGI Ref ID J:3683]
Lee GK; Park HJ; Macleod M; Chandler P; Munn DH; Mellor AL. 2002. Tryptophan deprivation sensitizes activated T cells to apoptosis prior to cell division. Immunology 107(4):452-60. [PubMed: 12460190] [MGI Ref ID J:80776]
Leiter LM; Reuhl KR; Racis SP Jr; Sherman AR. 1995. Iron status alters murine systemic lupus erythematosus. J Nutr 125(3):474-84. [PubMed: 7876923] [MGI Ref ID J:23639]
Lenda DM; Stanley ER; Kelley VR. 2004. Negative role of colony-stimulating factor-1 in macrophage, T cell, and B cell mediated autoimmune disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 173(7):4744-54. [PubMed: 15383612] [MGI Ref ID J:93714]
Li XC; Li Y; Dodge I; Wells AD; Zheng XX; Turka LA; Strom TB. 1999. Induction of allograft tolerance in the absence of Fas-mediated apoptosis. J Immunol 163(5):2500-7. [PubMed: 10452986] [MGI Ref ID J:57097]
Li Y; Li H; Ni D; Weigert M. 2002. Anti-DNA B cells in MRL/lpr mice show altered differentiation and editing pattern. J Exp Med 196(12):1543-52. [PubMed: 12486097] [MGI Ref ID J:131138]
Li Y; Takemura G; Kosai K; Takahashi T; Okada H; Miyata S; Yuge K; Nagano S; Esaki M; Khai NC; Goto K; Mikami A; Maruyama R; Minatoguchi S; Fujiwara T; Fujiwara H. 2004. Critical roles for the Fas/Fas ligand system in postinfarction ventricular remodeling and heart failure. Circ Res 95(6):627-36. [PubMed: 15297380] [MGI Ref ID J:101485]
Liang B; Gee RJ; Kashgarian MJ; Sharpe AH; Mamula MJ. 1999. B7 costimulation in the development of lupus: autoimmunity arises either in the absence of B7.1/B7.2 or in the presence of anti-b7.1/B7.2 blocking antibodies. J Immunol 163(4):2322-9. [PubMed: 10438978] [MGI Ref ID J:118772]
Liang B; Kashgarian MJ; Sharpe AH; Mamula MJ. 2000. Autoantibody responses and pathology regulated by B7-1 and B7-2 costimulation in MRL/lpr lupus J Immunol 165(6):3436-43. [PubMed: 10975864] [MGI Ref ID J:64568]
Licht R; Dieker JW; Jacobs CW; Tax WJ; Berden JH. 2004. Decreased phagocytosis of apoptotic cells in diseased SLE mice. J Autoimmun 22(2):139-45. [PubMed: 14987742] [MGI Ref ID J:88416]
Licon Luna RM; Lee E; Mullbacher A; Blanden RV; Langman R; Lobigs M. 2002. Lack of both Fas ligand and perforin protects from flavivirus-mediated encephalitis in mice. J Virol 76(7):3202-11. [PubMed: 11884544] [MGI Ref ID J:126472]
Lin L; Brody SL; Peng SL. 2005. Restraint of B cell activation by Foxj1-mediated antagonism of NF-kappa B and IL-6. J Immunol 175(2):951-8. [PubMed: 16002694] [MGI Ref ID J:100704]
Lin L; Hron JD; Peng SL. 2004. Regulation of NF-kappaB, Th activation, and autoinflammation by the forkhead transcription factor Foxo3a. Immunity 21(2):203-13. [PubMed: 15308101] [MGI Ref ID J:93593]
Lin L; Spoor MS; Gerth AJ; Brody SL; Peng SL. 2004. Modulation of Th1 activation and inflammation by the NF-kappaB repressor Foxj1. Science 303(5660):1017-20. [PubMed: 14963332] [MGI Ref ID J:90379]
Lin X; Pease LR; Murray PD; Rodriguez M. 1998. Theiler's virus infection of genetically susceptible mice induces central nervous system-infiltrating CTLs with no apparent viral or major myelin antigenic specificity. J Immunol 160(11):5661-8. [PubMed: 9605173] [MGI Ref ID J:47789]
Liu Y; Pop R; Sadegh C; Brugnara C; Haase VH; Socolovsky M. 2006. Suppression of Fas-FasL coexpression by erythropoietin mediates erythroblast expansion during the erythropoietic stress response in vivo. Blood 108(1):123-33. [PubMed: 16527892] [MGI Ref ID J:135682]
Lloyd CM; Gonzalo JA; Salant DJ; Just J; Gutierrez-Ramos JC. 1997. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 deficiency prolongs survival and protects against the development of pulmonary inflammation during murine lupus. J Clin Invest 100(5):963-71. [PubMed: 9276713] [MGI Ref ID J:111466]
Lohman BL; Welsh RM. 1998. Apoptotic regulation of T cells and absence of immune deficiency in virus-infected gamma interferon receptor knockout mice. J Virol 72(10):7815-21. [PubMed: 9733817] [MGI Ref ID J:120244]
Lowin B; Hahne M; Mattmann C; Tschopp J. 1994. Cytolytic T-cell cytotoxicity is mediated through perforin and Fas lytic pathways. Nature 370(6491):650-2. [PubMed: 7520535] [MGI Ref ID J:146737]
Lowrance JH; O'Sullivan FX; Caver TE; Waegell W; Gresham HD. 1994. Spontaneous elaboration of transforming growth factor beta suppresses host defense against bacterial infection in autoimmune MRL/lpr mice. J Exp Med 180(5):1693-703. [PubMed: 7964455] [MGI Ref ID J:21157]
Luan X; Zhao W; Chandrasekar B; Fernandes G. 1995. Calorie restriction modulates lymphocyte subset phenotype and increases apoptosis in MRL/lpr mice. Immunol Lett 47(3):181-6. [PubMed: 8747716] [MGI Ref ID J:30026]
Lucas JA; Menke J; Rabacal WA; Schoen FJ; Sharpe AH; Kelley VR. 2008. Programmed death ligand 1 regulates a critical checkpoint for autoimmune myocarditis and pneumonitis in MRL mice. J Immunol 181(4):2513-21. [PubMed: 18684942] [MGI Ref ID J:140186]
Ma J; Xu J; Madaio MP; Peng Q; Zhang J; Grewal IS; Flavell RA; Craft J. 1996. Autoimmune lpr/lpr mice deficient in CD40 ligand: spontaneous Ig class switching with dichotomy of autoantibody responses. J Immunol 157(1):417-26. [PubMed: 8683147] [MGI Ref ID J:110722]
Ma L; Chan KW; Trendell-Smith NJ; Wu A; Tian L; Lam AC; Chan AK; Lo CK; Chik S; Ko KH; To CK; Kam SK; Li XS; Yang CH; Leung SY; Ng MH; Stott DI; MacPherson GG; Huang FP. 2005. Systemic autoimmune disease induced by dendritic cells that have captured necrotic but not apoptotic cells in susceptible mouse strains. Eur J Immunol 35(11):3364-75. [PubMed: 16224814] [MGI Ref ID J:113764]
Ma Z; Choudhury A; Kang SA; Monestier M; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 2008. Accelerated atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient lupus mouse models. Clin Immunol 127(2):168-75. [PubMed: 18325838] [MGI Ref ID J:133606]
Madiai F; Hackshaw KV. 1999. Lack of FGF-1 overexpression during autoimmune nephritis in the kidneys of MRL lpr/lpr mice. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 103(1):37-44. [PubMed: 10440569] [MGI Ref ID J:56482]
Maldonado MA; Eisenberg RA; Roper E; Cohen PL; Kotzin BL. 1995. Greatly reduced lymphoproliferation in lpr mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class I. J Exp Med 181(2):641-8. [PubMed: 7530760] [MGI Ref ID J:22506]
Malipiero U; Frei K; Spanaus KS; Agresti C; Lassmann H; Hahne M; Tschopp J; Eugster HP; Fontana A. 1997. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis is chronic/relapsing in perforin knockout mice, but monophasic in Fas- and Fas ligand-deficient lpr and gld mice. Eur J Immunol 27(12):3151-60. [PubMed: 9464800] [MGI Ref ID J:45139]
Mandik L; Nguyen KA; Erikson J. 1995. Fas receptor expression on B-lineage cells. Eur J Immunol 25(11):3148-54. [PubMed: 7489756] [MGI Ref ID J:30282]
Mandik-Nayak L; Seo SJ; Sokol C; Potts KM; Bui A; Erikson J. 1999. MRL-lpr/lpr mice exhibit a defect in maintaining developmental arrest and follicular exclusion of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells. J Exp Med 189(11):1799-814. [PubMed: 10359584] [MGI Ref ID J:55738]
Martin LJ; Chen K; Liu Z. 2005. Adult motor neuron apoptosis is mediated by nitric oxide and Fas death receptor linked by DNA damage and p53 activation. J Neurosci 25(27):6449-59. [PubMed: 16000635] [MGI Ref ID J:99428]
Martin SF; Dudda JC; Delattre V; Bachtanian E; Leicht C; Burger B; Weltzien HU; Simon JC. 2004. Fas-mediated inhibition of CD4+ T cell priming results in dominance of type 1 CD8+ T cells in the immune response to the contact sensitizer trinitrophenyl. J Immunol 173(5):3178-85. [PubMed: 15322178] [MGI Ref ID J:92718]
Martins GA; Petkova SB; MacHado FS; Kitsis RN; Weiss LM; Wittner M; Tanowitz HB; Silva JS. 2001. Fas-FasL interaction modulates nitric oxide production in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice. Immunology 103(1):122-9. [PubMed: 11380700] [MGI Ref ID J:69492]
Masse GX; Corcuff E; Strick-Marchand H; Guy-Grand D; Tafuri-Bladt A; Albert ML; Lantz O; Di Santo JP. 2007. Gamma c cytokines condition the progressive differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(39):15442-7. [PubMed: 17855567] [MGI Ref ID J:125207]
Masso-Welch PA; Black JD; Erikson J; Repasky EA. 1999. Polarized expression of immunoglobulin, spectrin, and protein kinase C beta II occurs in B cells from normal BALB/c, autoimmune lpr, and anti-ssDNA transgenic, tolerant mice. J Leukoc Biol 66(4):617-24. [PubMed: 10534118] [MGI Ref ID J:58132]
Mastache EF; Lindroth K; Fernandez C; Gonzalez-Fernandez A. 2006. Somatic hypermutation of Ig genes is affected differently by failures in apoptosis caused by disruption of Fas (lpr mutation) or by overexpression of Bcl-2. Scand J Immunol 63(6):420-9. [PubMed: 16764695] [MGI Ref ID J:129290]
Matsumoto K; Watanabe N; Akikusa B; Kurasawa K; Matsumura R; Saito Y; Iwamoto I; Saito T. 2003. Fc receptor-independent development of autoimmune glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice. Arthritis Rheum 48(2):486-94. [PubMed: 12571859] [MGI Ref ID J:106188]
Matsuzaki Y; Pannetien C; Kanagawa O; Gachelin G; Nakauchi H. 1992. Evidence for the existence of two parallel differentiation pathways in the thymus of MRL lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 149(3):1069-74. [PubMed: 1378863] [MGI Ref ID J:1496]
Matsuzawa A; Katagiri T; Ogata Y; Kominami R; Kimura M. 1994. Lymphadenopathy induced by the cooperation between lprcg and gld genes is of lpr but not of gld phenotype. Eur J Immunol 24(7):1714-6. [PubMed: 8026532] [MGI Ref ID J:19735]
Matsuzawa A; Moriyama T; Kaneko T; Tanaka M; Kimura M; Ikeda H; Katagiri T. 1990. A new allele of the lpr locus, lprcg, that complements the gld gene in induction of lymphadenopathy in the mouse. J Exp Med 171(2):519-31. [PubMed: 2406366] [MGI Ref ID J:24805]
Matsuzawa A; Shimizu M; Takeda Y; Nagase H; Sayama K; Kimura M. 2002. Significant role of Fas ligand-binding but defective Fas receptor (CD95) in lymph node hyperplasia composed of abnormal double-negative T cells. Immunology 106(4):470-5. [PubMed: 12153509] [MGI Ref ID J:78449]
Matsuzawa S; Tamura T; Mizuno Y; Kobayashi S; Okuyama H; Tsukitani Y; Uemura D; Kikuchi K. 1992. Increase in potential activities of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A in lymphoid tissues of autoimmune MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. J Biochem 111(4):472-7. [PubMed: 1319990] [MGI Ref ID J:11704]
McKallip RJ; Do Y; Fisher MT; Robertson JL; Nagarkatti PS; Nagarkatti M. 2002. Role of CD44 in activation-induced cell death: CD44-deficient mice exhibit enhanced T cell response to conventional and superantigens. Int Immunol 14(9):1015-26. [PubMed: 12202399] [MGI Ref ID J:113629]
McKenzie MD; Dudek NL; Mariana L; Chong MM; Trapani JA; Kay TW; Thomas HE. 2006. Perforin and Fas induced by IFN{gamma} and TNF{alpha} mediate beta cell death by OT-I CTL. Int Immunol 18(6):837-46. [PubMed: 16574667] [MGI Ref ID J:109099]
McMenomey SO; Russell NJ; Morton JI; Trune DR. 1992. Stria vascularis ultrastructural pathology in the C3H/lpr autoimmune strain mouse: a potential mechanism for immune-related hearing loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 106(3):288-95. [PubMed: 1534162] [MGI Ref ID J:1045]
Mehal WZ; Crispe IN. 1998. TCR ligation on CD8+ T cells creates double-negative cells in vivo. J Immunol 161(4):1686-93. [PubMed: 9712032] [MGI Ref ID J:112045]
Melamed D; Miri E; Leider N; Nemazee D. 2000. Unexpected autoantibody production in membrane Ig-mu-deficient/lpr mice. J Immunol 165(8):4353-8. [PubMed: 11035071] [MGI Ref ID J:119584]
Menke J; Hsu MY; Byrne KT; Lucas JA; Rabacal WA; Croker BP; Zong XH; Stanley ER; Kelley VR. 2008. Sunlight triggers cutaneous lupus through a CSF-1-dependent mechanism in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 181(10):7367-79. [PubMed: 18981160] [MGI Ref ID J:141073]
Merino R; Fossati L; Iwamoto M; Takahashi S; Lemoine R; Ibnou-Zekri N; Pugliatti L; Merino J; Izui S. 1995. Effect of long-term anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 treatment on the development of lpr CD4- CD8- double negative T cells and of the autoimmune syndrome in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Autoimmun 8(1):33-45. [PubMed: 7734035] [MGI Ref ID J:22962]
Merino R; Iwamoto M; Fossati L; Izui S. 1993. Polyclonal B cell activation arises from different mechanisms in lupus-prone (NZB x NZW)F1 and MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 151(11):6509-16. [PubMed: 7902378] [MGI Ref ID J:15610]
Merino R; Shibata T; De Kossodo S; Izui S. 1989. Differential effect of the autoimmune Yaa and lpr genes on the acceleration of lupus-like syndrome in MRL/MpJ mice. Eur J Immunol 19(11):2131-7. [PubMed: 2599002] [MGI Ref ID J:108759]
Meryhew NL; Messner RP. 1993. Murine complement-mediated immune clearance dysfunction is associated with the lymphoproliferative (lpr) gene. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 69(3):324-32. [PubMed: 8242904] [MGI Ref ID J:15966]
Mieza MA; Itoh T; Cui JQ; Makino Y; Kawano T; Tsuchida K; Koike T; Shirai T; Yagita H; Matsuzawa A; Koseki H; Taniguchi M. 1996. Selective reduction of V alpha 14+ NK T cells associated with disease development in autoimmune-prone mice. J Immunol 156(10):4035-40. [PubMed: 8621946] [MGI Ref ID J:32945]
Misu N; Zhang M; Mori S; Miyazaki T; Furukawa H; Sasaki T; Nose M; Ono M. 2007. Autosomal loci associated with a sex-related difference in the development of autoimmune phenotypes in a lupus model. Eur J Immunol 37(10):2787-96. [PubMed: 17823981] [MGI Ref ID J:125264]
Mittelstadt PR; Ashwell JD. 1999. Role of Egr-2 in up-regulation of Fas ligand in normal T cells and aberrant double-negative lpr and gld T cells. J Biol Chem 274(5):3222-7. [PubMed: 9915863] [MGI Ref ID J:115231]
Miwa T; Maldonado MA; Zhou L; Sun X; Luo HY; Cai D; Werth VP; Madaio MP; Eisenberg RA; Song WC. 2002. Deletion of decay-accelerating factor (CD55) exacerbates autoimmune disease development in MRL/lpr mice. Am J Pathol 161(3):1077-86. [PubMed: 12213736] [MGI Ref ID J:78874]
Mixter PF; Russell JQ; Durie FH; Budd RC. 1995. Decreased CD4-CD8- TCR-alpha beta + cells in lpr/lpr mice lacking beta 2-microglobulin. J Immunol 154(5):2063-74. [PubMed: 7868883] [MGI Ref ID J:22945]
Molano ID; Redmond S; Sekine H; Zhang XK; Reilly C; Hutchison F; Ruiz P; Gilkeson GS. 2003. Effect of genetic deficiency of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase on autoantibody production and renal disease in MRL/lpr mice. Clin Immunol 107(3):186-97. [PubMed: 12804532] [MGI Ref ID J:83942]
Molano ID; Wloch MK; Alexander AA; Watanabe H; Gilkeson GS. 2000. Effect of a genetic deficiency of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase on autoantibody production by C57BL6 Fas(lpr) mice. Clin Immunol 94(1):24-32. [PubMed: 10607487] [MGI Ref ID J:110248]
Monneaux F; Dumortier H; Steiner G; Briand JP; Muller S. 2001. Murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus: B and T cell responses to spliceosomal ribonucleoproteins in MRL/Fas(lpr) and (NZB x NZW)F(1) lupus mice. Int Immunol 13(9):1155-63. [PubMed: 11526096] [MGI Ref ID J:71605]
Montecalvo A; Shufesky WJ; Stolz DB; Sullivan MG; Wang Z; Divito SJ; Papworth GD; Watkins SC; Robbins PD; Larregina AT; Morelli AE. 2008. Exosomes As a Short-Range Mechanism to Spread Alloantigen between Dendritic Cells during T Cell Allorecognition. J Immunol 180(5):3081-90. [PubMed: 18292531] [MGI Ref ID J:131530]
Montecino-Rodriguez EM; Loor F. 1991. Haematopoietic cell transfers between C57BL/6 mice differing at the lpr or gld locus. Immunology 74(1):127-31. [PubMed: 1682243] [MGI Ref ID J:2762]
Mora AL; Corn RA; Stanic AK; Goenka S; Aronica M; Stanley S; Ballard DW; Joyce S; Boothby M. 2003. Antiapoptotic function of NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes is influenced by their differentiation status: roles of Fas, c-FLIP, and Bcl-xL. Cell Death Differ 10(9):1032-44. [PubMed: 12934078] [MGI Ref ID J:128143]
Mori K; Kobayashi S; Inobe M; Jia WY; Tamakoshi M; Miyazaki T; Uede T. 1994. In vivo cytokine gene expression in various T cell subsets of the autoimmune MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mouse. Autoimmunity 17(1):49-57. [PubMed: 7517710] [MGI Ref ID J:19862]
Mori S; Nose M; Chiba M; Narita K; Kumagai M; Kosaka H; Teshima T. 1997. Enhancement of ectopic bone formation in mice with a deficit in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Pathol Int 47(2-3):112-6. [PubMed: 9088029] [MGI Ref ID J:41922]
Morishima Y; Gotoh Y; Zieg J; Barrett T; Takano H; Flavell R; Davis RJ; Shirasaki Y; Greenberg ME. 2001. Beta-amyloid induces neuronal apoptosis via a mechanism that involves the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway and the induction of Fas ligand. J Neurosci 21(19):7551-60. [PubMed: 11567045] [MGI Ref ID J:124252]
Morito N; Yoh K; Hirayama A; Itoh K; Nose M; Koyama A; Yamamoto M; Takahashi S. 2004. Nrf2 deficiency improves autoimmune nephritis caused by the fas mutation lpr. Kidney Int 65(5):1703-13. [PubMed: 15086909] [MGI Ref ID J:102219]
Moroy T; Grzeschiczek A; Petzold S; Hartmann KU. 1993. Expression of a Pim-1 transgene accelerates lymphoproliferation and inhibits apoptosis in lpr/lpr mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(22):10734-8. [PubMed: 7504280] [MGI Ref ID J:15594]
Mountz JD; Baker TJ; Borcherding DR; Bluethmann H; Zhou T; Edwards CK 3rd. 1995. Increased susceptibility of fas mutant MRL-lpr/lpr mice to staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced septic shock. J Immunol 155(10):4829-37. [PubMed: 7594485] [MGI Ref ID J:29632]
Mountz JD; Bluethmann H; Zhou T; Wu J. 1994. Defective clonal deletion and anergy induction in TCR transgenic lpr/lpr mice. Semin Immunol 6(1):27-37. [PubMed: 8167304] [MGI Ref ID J:19058]
Mountz JD; Zhou T; Bluethmann H; Wu J; Edwards CK 3rd. 1994. Apoptosis defects analyzed in TcR transgenic and fas transgenic lpr mice. Int Rev Immunol 11(4):321-42. [PubMed: 7528763] [MGI Ref ID J:23201]
Moyer CF; Jerome WG; Taylor R; Tulli H; Reinisch CL. 1992. Autoimmune vasculitis in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice: orthochromatic basophils participate in the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity angiitis. Autoimmunity 12(3):159-65. [PubMed: 1343764] [MGI Ref ID J:1643]
Mukherjee R; Zhang Z; Zhong R; Yin ZQ; Roopenian DC; Jevnikar AM. 1996. Lupus nephritis in the absence of renal major histocompatibility complex class I and class II molecules. J Am Soc Nephrol 7(11):2445-52. [PubMed: 8959638] [MGI Ref ID J:39693]
Murphy ED; Roths JB. 1978. A new congenic inbred strain, MRL/Mp. Mouse News Lett 58:51. [MGI Ref ID J:13757]
Murphy ED; Roths JB. 1978. Autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation: Induction by mutant gene lpr, and acceleration by a male-associated factor in strain BXSB mice. In: Genetic Control of Autoimmune Disease. Elsevier North Holland, Inc., Holland. [MGI Ref ID J:28885]
Murphy ED; Roths JB. 1978. Lymphoproliferation (lpr). Mouse News Lett 58:47. [MGI Ref ID J:13747]
Murray PD; McGavern DB; Lin X; Njenga MK; Leibowitz J; Pease LR; Rodriguez M. 1998. Perforin-dependent neurologic injury in a viral model of multiple sclerosis. J Neurosci 18(18):7306-14. [PubMed: 9736651] [MGI Ref ID J:120427]
Musette P; Pannetier C; Gachelin G; Kourilsky P. 1994. The expansion of a CD4+ T cell population bearing a distinctive beta chain in MRL lpr/lpr mice suggests a role for the fas protein in peripheral T cell selection. Eur J Immunol 24(11):2761-6. [PubMed: 7525303] [MGI Ref ID J:21641]
Nagata S. 1994. Mutations in the Fas antigen gene in lpr mice. Semin Immunol 6(1):3-8. [PubMed: 7513193] [MGI Ref ID J:19057]
Nagata S; Watanabefukunaga R; Jenkins NA. 1993. The Fas antigen gene is the structural gene for murine lymphoproliferation mutation (lpr). In: Tumor Necrosis Factor: Molecular and Cellular Biology and Clinical Relevance. S Karger, Basel, Switzerland. [MGI Ref ID J:14503]
Nakagawa R; Nagafune I; Tazunoki Y; Ehara H; Tomura H; Iijima R; Motoki K; Kamishohara M; Seki S. 2001. Mechanisms of the antimetastatic effect in the liver and of the hepatocyte injury induced by alpha-galactosylceramide in mice. J Immunol 166(11):6578-84. [PubMed: 11359810] [MGI Ref ID J:69484]
Nakatsuru S; Terada M; Nishihara M; Kamogawa J; Miyazaki T; Qu WM; Morimoto K; Yazawa C; Ogasawara H; Abe Y; Fukui K; Ichien G; Ito MR; Mori S; Nakamura Y; Nose M. 1999. Genetic dissection of the complex pathological manifestations of collagen disease in MRL/lpr mice. Pathol Int 49(11):974-82. [PubMed: 10594844] [MGI Ref ID J:78614]
Nakayama K; Nakayama K; Dustin LB; Loh DY. 1995. T-B cell interaction inhibits spontaneous apoptosis of mature lymphocytes in Bcl-2-deficient mice. J Exp Med 182(4):1101-9. [PubMed: 7561683] [MGI Ref ID J:110772]
Nambu H; Yuge K; Shikata N; Tsubura A; Matsuzawa A. 1996. Fas-independent apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in C3H mice. Exp Anim 45(4):309-15. [PubMed: 8902493] [MGI Ref ID J:36218]
Neff TA; Guo RF; Neff SB; Sarma JV; Speyer CL; Gao H; Bernacki KD; Huber-Lang M; McGuire S; Hoesel LM; Riedemann NC; Beck-Schimmer B; Zetoune FS; Ward PA. 2005. Relationship of Acute Lung Inflammatory Injury to Fas/FasL System. Am J Pathol 166(3):685-94. [PubMed: 15743781] [MGI Ref ID J:96722]
Neubert K; Meister S; Moser K; Weisel F; Maseda D; Amann K; Wiethe C; Winkler TH; Kalden JR; Manz RA; Voll RE. 2008. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib depletes plasma cells and protects mice with lupus-like disease from nephritis. Nat Med 14(7):748-55. [PubMed: 18542049] [MGI Ref ID J:137718]
Newton K; Harris AW; Bath ML; Smith KG; Strasser A. 1998. A dominant interfering mutant of FADD/MORT1 enhances deletion of autoreactive thymocytes and inhibits proliferation of mature T lymphocytes. EMBO J 17(3):706-18. [PubMed: 9450996] [MGI Ref ID J:110608]
Newton K; Strasser A. 2000. Ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs induce apoptosis in lymphocytes in the absence of Fas or FADD/MORT1 signaling. Implications for cancer therapy. J Exp Med 191(1):195-200. [PubMed: 10620618] [MGI Ref ID J:59250]
Nguyen LT; McKall-Faienza K; Zakarian A; Speiser DE; Mak TW; Ohashi PS. 2000. TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and CD95 are not required for T cell deletion after virus infection but contribute to peptide-induced deletion under limited conditions. Eur J Immunol 30(2):683-8. [PubMed: 10671227] [MGI Ref ID J:60374]
Nguyen QD; Uy HS; Merchant A; Medina CA; Baltatzis S; Zhao T; Zhao ZS; Cantor H; Foster CS. 2001. Effect of Fas and Fas ligand deficiency in resistance of C57BL/6 mice to HSV-1 keratitis and chorioretinitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42(11):2505-9. [PubMed: 11581190] [MGI Ref ID J:72055]
Nielsen DM; Crnic LS. 2002. Elevated Plus Maze Behavior, Auditory Startle Response, and Shock Sensitivity in Predisease and in Early Stage Autoimmune Disease MRL/lpr Mice. Brain Behav Immun 16(1):46-61. [PubMed: 11846440] [MGI Ref ID J:74558]
Niesner U; Albrecht I; Janke M; Doebis C; Loddenkemper C; Lexberg MH; Eulenburg K; Kreher S; Koeck J; Baumgrass R; Bonhagen K; Kamradt T; Enghard P; Humrich JY; Rutz S; Schulze-Topphoff U; Aktas O; Bartfeld S; Radbruch H; Hegazy AN; Lohning M; Baumgart DC; Duchmann R; Rudwaleit M; Haupl T; Gitelman I; Krenn V; Gruen J; Sieper J; Zeitz M; Wiedenmann B; Zipp F; Hamann A; Janitz M; Scheffold A; Burmester GR; Chang HD; Radbruch A. 2008. Autoregulation of Th1-mediated inflammation by twist1. J Exp Med 205(8):1889-901. [PubMed: 18663125] [MGI Ref ID J:139533]
Nishimura H; Nose M; Hiai H; Minato N; Honjo T. 1999. Development of lupus-like autoimmune diseases by disruption of the PD-1 gene encoding an ITIM motif-carrying immunoreceptor. Immunity 11(2):141-51. [PubMed: 10485649] [MGI Ref ID J:78802]
Nishimura H; Strominger JL. 2006. Involvement of a tissue-specific autoantibody in skin disorders of murine systemic lupus erythematosus and autoinflammatory diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(9):3292-7. [PubMed: 16492738] [MGI Ref ID J:107174]
Nishio H; Takase I; Fukunishi S; Takagi T; Tamura A; Miyazaki T; Suzuki K. 2005. Evidence for involvement of p59fyn in fasting-induced thymic involution. Scand J Immunol 62(2):103-7. [PubMed: 16101815] [MGI Ref ID J:114307]
Noble A; Pestano GA; Cantor H. 1998. Suppression of immune responses by CD8 cells. I. Superantigen-activated CD8 cells induce unidirectional Fas-mediated apoptosis of antigen-activated CD4 cells. J Immunol 160(2):559-65. [PubMed: 9551888] [MGI Ref ID J:45187]
Noel PJ; Boise LH; Green JM; Thompson CB. 1996. CD28 costimulation prevents cell death during primary T cell activation. J Immunol 157(2):636-42. [PubMed: 8752911] [MGI Ref ID J:110619]
Norman MU; James WG; Hickey MJ. 2008. Differential roles of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in skin and brain of MRL/faslpr mice. J Leukoc Biol 84(1):68-76. [PubMed: 18426970] [MGI Ref ID J:137748]
Nose M; Ito MR; Ono M; Terasaki S; Miyazawa M; Mori S. 1996. Vascular lesions in mice with a deficit in Fas-mediated apoptosis and their transfer. Int J Cardiol 54 Suppl:S35-S44. [PubMed: 9119511] [MGI Ref ID J:40111]
Nose M; Nishimura M; Ito MR; Toh J; Shibata T; Sugisaki T. 1996. Arteritis in a novel congenic strain of mice derived from MRL/Lpr lupus mice: genetic dissociation from glomerulonephritis and limited autoantibody production. Am J Pathol 149(5):1763-9. [PubMed: 8909264] [MGI Ref ID J:36611]
Nose M; Nishimura M; Kyogoku M. 1989. Analysis of granulomatous arteritis in MRL/Mp autoimmune disease mice bearing lymphoproliferative genes. The use of mouse genetics to dissociate the development of arteritis and glomerulonephritis. Am J Pathol 135(2):271-80. [PubMed: 2782373] [MGI Ref ID J:78609]
Nose M; Terada M; Nishihara M; Kamogawa J; Miyazaki T; Mori S; Nishimura M; Wang Y; Kamoto T; Hiai H. 1998. Vasculitis-susceptible genes in mice with a deficit in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Int J Cardiol 66 Suppl 1:S37-41; discussion S43. [PubMed: 9951801] [MGI Ref ID J:55587]
Nowak M; Kopp F; Roelofs-Haarhuis K; Wu X; Gleichmann E. 2006. Oral nickel tolerance: Fas ligand-expressing invariant NK T cells promote tolerance induction by eliciting apoptotic death of antigen-carrying, effete B cells. J Immunol 176(8):4581-9. [PubMed: 16585548] [MGI Ref ID J:131190]
O'Connor L; Harris AW; Strasser A. 2000. CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and p53 signal apoptosis independently in diverse cell types. Cancer Res 60(5):1217-20. [PubMed: 10728678] [MGI Ref ID J:61129]
Odegard JM; DiPlacido LD; Greenwald L; Kashgarian M; Kono DH; Dong C; Flavell RA; Craft J. 2009. ICOS controls effector function but not trafficking receptor expression of kidney-infiltrating effector T cells in murine lupus. J Immunol 182(7):4076-84. [PubMed: 19299705] [MGI Ref ID J:147130]
Ogawa A; Tagawa T; Nishimura H; Yajima T; Abe T; Arai T; Taniguchi M; Takeda K; Akira S; Nimura Y; Yoshikai Y. 2006. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are differentially involved in Fas dependent apoptosis in Peyer's patch and the liver at an early stage after bile duct ligation in mice. Gut 55(1):105-13. [PubMed: 16118350] [MGI Ref ID J:135830]
Ohkusu K; Isobe K; Hidaka H; Nakashima I. 1995. Elucidation of the protein kinase C-dependent apoptosis pathway in distinct subsets of T lymphocytes in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 25(11):3180-6. [PubMed: 7489761] [MGI Ref ID J:29802]
Ohnishi-Inoue Y; Yasumizu R; Sugiura K; Nagata N; Fan H; Oyaizu N; Inaba M; Toki J; Ikehara S. 1992. Functional analyses of lpr gene in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. Role of lymph node stromal cells in lpr-lymphadenopathy. Immunobiology 186(5):449-65. [PubMed: 1286883] [MGI Ref ID J:4032]
Ohno T; Kobayashi F; Nishimura M. 2005. Fas has a role in cerebral malaria, but not in proliferation or exclusion of the murine parasite in mice. Immunogenetics 57(3-4):293-6. [PubMed: 15900502] [MGI Ref ID J:98532]
Ohta A; Sekimoto M; Sato M; Koda T; Nishimura S; Iwakura Y; Sekikawa K; Nishimura T. 2000. Indispensable role for TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma at the effector phase of liver injury mediated by Th1 cells specific to hepatitis B virus surface antigen. J Immunol 165(2):956-61. [PubMed: 10878371] [MGI Ref ID J:120559]
Ohta Y; Nishikawa A; Fukazawa Y; Urushitani H; Matsuzawa A; Nishina Y ; Iguchi T. 1996. Apoptosis in adult mouse testis induced by experimental cryptorchidism. Acta Anat (Basel) 157(3):195-204. [PubMed: 9226038] [MGI Ref ID J:41387]
Ohteki T; Iwamoto M; Izui S; MacDonald HR. 1995. Reduced development of CD4-8-B220+ T cells but normal autoantibody production in lpr/lpr mice lacking major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Eur J Immunol 25(1):37-41. [PubMed: 7531148] [MGI Ref ID J:22495]
Ohteki T; Seki S; Abo T; Kumagai K. 1990. Liver is a possible site for the proliferation of abnormal CD3+4-8- double-negative lymphocytes in autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Exp Med 172(1):7-12. [PubMed: 2141631] [MGI Ref ID J:69561]
Ohyama Y; Carroll VA; Deshmukh U; Gaskin F; Brown MG; Fu SM. 2006. Severe focal sialadenitis and dacryoadenitis in NZM2328 mice induced by MCMV: a novel model for human Sjogren's syndrome. J Immunol 177(10):7391-7. [PubMed: 17082658] [MGI Ref ID J:140610]
Onel KB; Tucek-Szabo CL; Ashany D; Lacy E; Nikolic-Zugic J; Elkon KB. 1995. Expression and function of the murine CD95/FasR/APO-1 receptor in relation to B cell ontogeny. Eur J Immunol 25(10):2940-7. [PubMed: 7589095] [MGI Ref ID J:29445]
Onoe K; Iwabuchi K; Iwabuchi C; Tone S; Konishi J; Kawakami Y; Nishimura M; Onoe K. 2002. Enhanced complement sensitivity of NK-T cells in murine thymus and spleen associated with presence of serum immunoglobulin. Immunobiology 206(4):377-91. [PubMed: 12437069] [MGI Ref ID J:128196]
Otsuka S; Konno A; Hashimoto Y; Sasaki N; Endoh D; Kon Y. 2008. Oocytes in newborn MRL mouse testes. Biol Reprod 79(1):9-16. [PubMed: 18354036] [MGI Ref ID J:140807]
Palacios R. 1984. Spontaneous production of interleukin 3 by T lymphocytes from autoimmune MRL/MP-lpr/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 14(7):599-605. [PubMed: 6430708] [MGI Ref ID J:7504]
Papiernik M; Pontoux C; Golstein P. 1995. Non-exclusive Fas control and age dependence of viral superantigen-induced clonal deletion in lupus-prone mice. Eur J Immunol 25(6):1517-23. [PubMed: 7542196] [MGI Ref ID J:27366]
Park JM; Ng VH; Maeda S; Rest RF; Karin M. 2004. Anthrolysin O and other gram-positive cytolysins are toll-like receptor 4 agonists. J Exp Med 200(12):1647-55. [PubMed: 15611291] [MGI Ref ID J:95336]
Paul E; Lutz J; Erikson J; Carroll MC. 2004. Germinal center checkpoints in B cell tolerance in 3H9 transgenic mice. Int Immunol 16(2):377-84. [PubMed: 14734623] [MGI Ref ID J:134695]
Pearl-Yafe M; Yolcu ES; Stein J; Kaplan O; Shirwan H; Yaniv I; Askenasy N. 2007. Expression of Fas and Fas-ligand in donor hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is dissociated from the sensitivity to apoptosis. Exp Hematol 35(10):1601-12. [PubMed: 17889725] [MGI Ref ID J:126346]
Peitsch MC; Hesterkamp T; Polzar B; Mannherz HG; Tschopp J. 1992. Functional characterisation of serum DNase I in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186(2):739-45. [PubMed: 1497662] [MGI Ref ID J:1589]
Pellegrini M; Belz G; Bouillet P; Strasser A. 2003. Shutdown of an acute T cell immune response to viral infection is mediated by the proapoptotic Bcl-2 homology 3-only protein Bim. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(24):14175-80. [PubMed: 14623954] [MGI Ref ID J:86700]
Peng SL; Cappadona J; McNiff JM; Madaio MP; Owen MJ; Hayday AC; Craft J. 1998. Pathogenesis of autoimmunity in alphabeta T cell-deficient lupus-prone mice. Clin Exp Immunol 111(1):107-16. [PubMed: 9472669] [MGI Ref ID J:45448]
Peng SL; Madaio MP; Hughes DP; Crispe IN; Owen MJ; Wen L; Hayday AC; Craft J. 1996. Murine lupus in the absence of alpha beta T cells. J Immunol 156(10):4041-9. [PubMed: 8621947] [MGI Ref ID J:32944]
Peng SL; McNiff JM; Madaio MP; Ma J; Owen MJ; Flavell RA; Hayday AC ; Craft J. 1997. alpha beta T cell regulation and CD40 ligand dependence in murine systemic autoimmunity. J Immunol 158(5):2464-70. [PubMed: 9036998] [MGI Ref ID J:38492]
Peng SL; Moslehi J; Craft J. 1997. Roles of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 in murine lupus. J Clin Invest 99(8):1936-46. [PubMed: 9109438] [MGI Ref ID J:39600]
Peng SL; Moslehi J; Robert ME; Craft J. 1998. Perforin protects against autoimmunity in lupus-prone mice. J Immunol 160(2):652-60. [PubMed: 9551899] [MGI Ref ID J:45170]
Peng SL; Robert ME; Hayday AC; Craft J. 1996. A tumor-suppressor function for Fas (CD95) revealed in T cell-deficient mice. J Exp Med 184(3):1149-54. [PubMed: 9064331] [MGI Ref ID J:35237]
Perchellet A; Stromnes I; Pang JM; Goverman J. 2004. CD8+ T cells maintain tolerance to myelin basic protein by 'epitope theft'. Nat Immunol 5(6):606-14. [PubMed: 15146180] [MGI Ref ID J:90638]
Perez de Lema G; Maier H; Nieto E; Vielhauer V; Luckow B; Mampaso F; Schlondorff D. 2001. Chemokine expression precedes inflammatory cell infiltration and chemokine receptor and cytokine expression during the initiation of murine lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 12(7):1369-82. [PubMed: 11423566] [MGI Ref ID J:109873]
Perkins DL; Listman JA; Marshak-Rothstein A; Kozlow W; Kelley VR; Finn PW; Rimm IJ. 1996. Restriction of the TCR repertoire inhibits the development of memory T cells and prevents autoimmunity in lpr mice. J Immunol 156(12):4961-8. [PubMed: 8648148] [MGI Ref ID J:33404]
Piazzolla D; Meissl K; Kucerova L; Rubiolo C; Baccarini M. 2005. Raf-1 sets the threshold of Fas sensitivity by modulating Rok-{alpha} signaling. J Cell Biol 171(6):1013-22. [PubMed: 16365167] [MGI Ref ID J:104536]
Pineda LL; Nakano A; Iijima M; Wada M; Yamasaki Y; Harada T. 2003. A new mutation, ataxia and male sterility (ams), of autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr mouse is not linked to lpr gene but associated with reduction of spleen size and alteration of lymphocyte subpopulations. Pathol Int 53(6):390-5. [PubMed: 12787314] [MGI Ref ID J:103944]
Pisetsky DS; Klatt C; Dawson D; Roths JB. 1985. The influence of Yaa on anti-DNA responses of B6-lpr mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 37(3):369-76. [PubMed: 3931946] [MGI Ref ID J:109825]
Poulin LF; Habran C; Stordeur P; Goldman M; McKenzie A; Van Snick J; Renauld JC; Braun MY. 2005. Interleukin-9 stimulates the production of interleukin-5 in CD4+ T cells. Eur Cytokine Netw 16(3):233-9. [PubMed: 16266865] [MGI Ref ID J:115764]
Prazma CM; Yazawa N; Fujimoto Y; Fujimoto M; Tedder TF. 2007. CD83 expression is a sensitive marker of activation required for B cell and CD4+ T cell longevity in vivo. J Immunol 179(7):4550-62. [PubMed: 17878352] [MGI Ref ID J:152350]
Priceputu E; Rodrigue I; Chrobak P; Poudrier J; Mak TW; Hanna Z; Hu C; Kay DG; Jolicoeur P. 2005. The Nef-mediated AIDS-like disease of CD4C/human immunodeficiency virus transgenic mice is associated with increased Fas/FasL expression on T cells and T-cell death but is not prevented in Fas-, FasL-, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1-, or interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme-deficient or Bcl2-expressing transgenic mice. J Virol 79(10):6377-91. [PubMed: 15858021] [MGI Ref ID J:98353]
Prud'homme GJ; Kono DH; Theofilopoulos AN. 1995. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis reveals marked overexpression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-1 and interferon-gamma mRNA in the lymph nodes of lupus-prone mice. Mol Immunol 32(7):495-503. [PubMed: 7783752] [MGI Ref ID J:26120]
Qian Y; Conway KL; Lu X; Seitz HM; Matsushima GK; Clarke SH. 2006. Autoreactive MZ and B-1 B-cell activation by Faslpr is coincident with an increased frequency of apoptotic lymphocytes and a defect in macrophage clearance. Blood 108(3):974-82. [PubMed: 16861350] [MGI Ref ID J:139196]
Rafi AQ; Zeytun A; Bradley MJ; Sponenberg DP; Grayson RL; Nagarkatti M; Nagarkatti PS. 1998. Evidence for the involvement of Fas ligand and perforin in the induction of vascular leak syndrome. J Immunol 161(6):3077-86. [PubMed: 9743374] [MGI Ref ID J:112246]
Rathmell JC; Goodnow CC. 1994. Effects of the lpr mutation on elimination and inactivation of self-reactive B cells. J Immunol 153(6):2831-42. [PubMed: 8077685] [MGI Ref ID J:20366]
Ratkay LG; Tait B; Tonzetich J; Waterfield JD. 1994. Lpr and MRL background gene involvement in the control of adjuvant enhanced arthritis in MRL-lpr mice. J Autoimmun 7(5):561-73. [PubMed: 7530961] [MGI Ref ID J:20844]
Ratkay LG; Zhang D; Tonzetich J; Levy JG; Waterfield JD. 1994. Evaluation of a model for post-partum arthritis and the role of oestrogen in prevention of MRL-lpr associated rheumatic conditions. Clin Exp Immunol 98(1):52-9. [PubMed: 7923884] [MGI Ref ID J:21997]
Ratkay LG; Zhang L; Tonzetich J; Waterfield JD. 1993. Complete Freund's adjuvant induces an earlier and more severe arthritis in MRL-lpr mice. J Immunol 151(9):5081-7. [PubMed: 8409458] [MGI Ref ID J:15211]
Reap EA; Felix NJ; Wolthusen PA; Kotzin BL; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1995. bcl-2 transgenic Lpr mice show profound enhancement of lymphadenopathy. J Immunol 155(11):5455-62. [PubMed: 7594564] [MGI Ref ID J:29877]
Reap EA; Leslie D; Abrahams M; Eisenberg RA; Cohen PL. 1995. Apoptosis abnormalities of splenic lymphocytes in autoimmune lpr and gld mice. J Immunol 154(2):936-43. [PubMed: 7529292] [MGI Ref ID J:22234]
Reap EA; Piecyk ML; Oliver A; Sobel ES; Waldschmidt T; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1996. Phenotypic abnormalities of splenic and bone marrow B cells in lpr and gld mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 78(1):21-9. [PubMed: 8599880] [MGI Ref ID J:31456]
Reap EA; Sobel ES; Cohen PL; Eisenberg RA. 1993. Conventional B cells, not B-1 cells, are responsible for producing autoantibodies in lpr mice. J Exp Med 177(1):69-78. [PubMed: 8418209] [MGI Ref ID J:3483]
Reardon C; Wang A; McKay DM. 2008. Transient local depletion of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells during recovery from colitis via Fas/Fas ligand-induced death. J Immunol 180(12):8316-26. [PubMed: 18523298] [MGI Ref ID J:137135]
Reddy P; Teshima T; Kukuruga M; Ordemann R; Liu C; Lowler K; Ferrara JL. 2001. Interleukin-18 regulates acute graft-versus-host disease by enhancing Fas-mediated donor T cell apoptosis. J Exp Med 194(10):1433-40. [PubMed: 11714750] [MGI Ref ID J:114012]
Redmond WL; Wei CH; Kreuwel HT; Sherman LA. 2008. The apoptotic pathway contributing to the deletion of naive CD8 T cells during the induction of peripheral tolerance to a cross-presented self-antigen. J Immunol 180(8):5275-82. [PubMed: 18390708] [MGI Ref ID J:134242]
Rehg JE; Sundberg JP. 2008. Utility of antiPax5 in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders and neoplasia in mice. Comp Med 58(3):246-52. [PubMed: 18589866] [MGI Ref ID J:140432]
Reilly CM; Olgun S; Goodwin D; Gogal RM Jr; Santo A; Romesburg JW; Ahmed SA; Gilkeson GS. 2006. Interferon regulatory factor-1 gene deletion decreases glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 36(5):1296-308. [PubMed: 16541466] [MGI Ref ID J:114771]
Reinke V; Lozano G. 1997. The p53 targets mdm2 and Fas are not required as mediators of apoptosis in vivo. Oncogene 15(13):1527-34. [PubMed: 9380404] [MGI Ref ID J:43292]
Rifkin IR; Channavajhala PL; Kiefer HL; Carmack AJ; Landesman-Bollag E; Beaudette BC; Jersky B; Salant DJ; Ju ST; Marshak-Rothstein A; Seldin DC. 1998. Acceleration of lpr lymphoproliferative and autoimmune disease by transgenic protein kinase CK2 alpha. J Immunol 161(10):5164-70. [PubMed: 9820486] [MGI Ref ID J:52779]
Rifkin IR; Leadbetter EA; Beaudette BC; Kiani C; Monestier M; Shlomchik MJ; Marshak-Rothstein A. 2000. Immune complexes present in the sera of autoimmune mice activate rheumatoid factor B cells. J Immunol 165(3):1626-33. [PubMed: 10903773] [MGI Ref ID J:120480]
Rivkin AZ; Palacios SD; Pak K; Bennett T; Ryan AF. 2005. The role of Fas-mediated apoptosis in otitis media: observations in the lpr/lpr mouse. Hear Res 207(1-2):110-6. [PubMed: 15978756] [MGI Ref ID J:100944]
Roark JH; Kuntz CL; Nguyen KA; Mandik L; Cattermole M; Erikson J. 1995. B cell selection and allelic exclusion of an anti-DNA Ig transgene in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 154(9):4444-55. [PubMed: 7722301] [MGI Ref ID J:24962]
Robey IF; Peterson M; Horwitz MS; Kono DH; Stratmann T; Theofilopoulos AN; Sarvetnick N; Teyton L; Feeney AJ. 2004. Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase deficiency decreases autoimmune disease in diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic mice and lupus-prone MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 172(7):4624-9. [PubMed: 15034081] [MGI Ref ID J:88719]
Robinson RT; Wang J; Cripps JG; Milks MW; English KA; Pearson TA; Gorham JD. 2009. End-organ damage in a mouse model of fulminant liver inflammation requires CD4+ T cell production of IFN-gamma but is independent of Fas. J Immunol 182(5):3278-84. [PubMed: 19234226] [MGI Ref ID J:146230]
Rodriguez EM; Hooghe RJ; Loor F. 1990. Reciprocal lymphoid cell homing studies using wild and LPR (lymphoproliferation) mutant C57BL mice. Autoimmunity 5(3):195-203. [PubMed: 2129752] [MGI Ref ID J:636]
Rosenblatt N; Hartmann KU; Loor F. 1994. The Yaa mutation induces the development of autoimmunity in mice heterozygous for the gld (generalized lymphadenopathy disease) mutation. Cell Immunol 156(2):519-28. [PubMed: 8025960] [MGI Ref ID J:19169]
Rotolo JA; Stancevic B; Lu SX; Zhang J; Suh D; King CG; Kappel LW; Murphy GF; Liu C; Fuks Z; van den Brink MR; Kolesnick R. 2009. Cytolytic T cells induce ceramide-rich platforms in target cell membranes to initiate graft-versus-host disease. Blood 114(17):3693-706. [PubMed: 19666872] [MGI Ref ID J:154080]
Rowley DA; Becken ET; Stach RM. 1995. Autoantibodies produced spontaneously by young 1pr mice carry transforming growth factor beta and suppress cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. J Exp Med 181(5):1875-80. [PubMed: 7722461] [MGI Ref ID J:24955]
Rozzo SJ; Eisenberg RA; Cohen PL; Kotzin BL. 1994. Development of the T cell receptor repertoire in lpr mice. Semin Immunol 6(1):19-26. [PubMed: 8167303] [MGI Ref ID J:19059]
Rubio CF; Kench J; Russell DM; Yawger R; Nemazee D. 1996. Analysis of central B cell tolerance in autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr mice bearing autoantibody transgenes. J Immunol 157(1):65-71. [PubMed: 8683157] [MGI Ref ID J:107233]
Rubiolo C; Piazzolla D; Meissl K; Beug H; Huber JC; Kolbus A; Baccarini M. 2006. A balance between Raf-1 and Fas expression sets the pace of erythroid differentiation. Blood 108(1):152-9. [PubMed: 16527894] [MGI Ref ID J:135681]
Rudiger HA; Clavien PA. 2002. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not Fas, mediates hepatocellular apoptosis in the murine ischemic liver. Gastroenterology 122(1):202-10. [PubMed: 11781294] [MGI Ref ID J:73631]
Russell JH; Rush B; Weaver C; Wang R. 1993. Mature T cells of autoimmune lpr/lpr mice have a defect in antigen-stimulated suicide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90(10):4409-13. [PubMed: 8506280] [MGI Ref ID J:11857]
Sabelko-Downes KA; Cross AH; Russell JH. 1999. Dual role for Fas ligand in the initiation of and recovery from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Exp Med 189(8):1195-205. [PubMed: 10209037] [MGI Ref ID J:54478]
Saint Fleur S; Hoshino A; Kondo K; Egawa T; Fujii H. 2009. Regulation of Fas-mediated immune homeostasis by an activation-induced protein, Cyclon. Blood 114(7):1355-65. [PubMed: 19528538] [MGI Ref ID J:151722]
Sakai K; Nomura T; Ina Y. 2006. Enhancement of bio-protective functions by low dose/dose-rate radiation. Dose Response 4(4):327-32. [PubMed: 18648588] [MGI Ref ID J:140414]
Sakic B; Kolb B; Whishaw IQ; Gorny G; Szechtman H; Denburg JA. 2000. Immunosuppression prevents neuronal atrophy in lupus-prone mice: evidence for brain damage induced by autoimmune disease? J Neuroimmunol 111(1-2):93-101. [PubMed: 11063826] [MGI Ref ID J:109885]
Sakic B; Maric I; Koeberle PD; Millward JM; Szechtman H; Maric D; Denburg JA. 2000. Increased TUNEL staining in brains of autoimmune fas-deficient mice J Neuroimmunol 104(2):147-54. [PubMed: 10713354] [MGI Ref ID J:61283]
Samanta H; Pravtcheva DD; Ruddle FH; Lengyel P. 1984. Chromosomal location of mouse gene 202 which is induced by interferons and specifies a 56.5 kD protein. J Interferon Res 4(2):295-300. [PubMed: 6205102] [MGI Ref ID J:7514]
Santiago-Raber ML; Haraldsson MK; Theofilopoulos AN; Kono DH. 2007. Characterization of reciprocal Lmb1-4 interval MRL-Faslpr and C57BL/6-Faslpr congenic mice reveals significant effects from Lmb3. J Immunol 178(12):8195-202. [PubMed: 17548658] [MGI Ref ID J:125557]
Sata M; Hirata Y; Nagai R. 2002. Role of Fas/Fas ligand interaction in ischemia-induced collateral vessel growth. Hypertens Res 25(4):577-82. [PubMed: 12358144] [MGI Ref ID J:106187]
Satoh M; Weintraub JP; Yoshida H; Shaheen VM; Richards HB; Shaw M; Reeves WH. 2000. Fas and Fas ligand mutations inhibit autoantibody production in pristane-induced lupus. J Immunol 165(2):1036-43. [PubMed: 10878381] [MGI Ref ID J:120496]
Savinov AY; Tcherepanov A; Green EA; Flavell RA; Chervonsky AV. 2003. Contribution of Fas to diabetes development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(2):628-32. [PubMed: 12525697] [MGI Ref ID J:81416]
Sawalha AH; Jeffries M. 2007. Defective DNA methylation and CD70 overexpression in CD4+ T cells in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. Eur J Immunol 37(5):1407-13. [PubMed: 17429846] [MGI Ref ID J:123548]
Schneider E; Moreau G; Arnould A; Vasseur F; Khodabaccus N; Dy M; Ezine S. 1999. Increased fetal and extramedullary hematopoiesis in Fas-deficient C57BL/6-lpr/lpr mice. Blood 94(8):2613-21. [PubMed: 10515865] [MGI Ref ID J:58121]
Schneider E; Tonanny MB; Lisbonne M; Leite-de-Moraes M; Dy M. 2004. Pro-Th1 cytokines promote Fas-dependent apoptosis of immature peripheral basophils. J Immunol 172(9):5262-8. [PubMed: 15100264] [MGI Ref ID J:89642]
Schumann DM; Maedler K; Franklin I; Konrad D; Storling J; Boni-Schnetzler M; Gjinovci A; Kurrer MO; Gauthier BR; Bosco D; Andres A; Berney T; Greter M; Becher B; Chervonsky AV; Halban PA; Mandrup-Poulsen T; Wollheim CB; Donath MY. 2007. The Fas pathway is involved in pancreatic beta cell secretory function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(8):2861-6. [PubMed: 17299038] [MGI Ref ID J:125892]
Schumann J; Angermuller S; Bang R; Lohoff M; Tiegs G. 1998. Acute hepatotoxicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in mice depends on T cells and TNF. J Immunol 161(10):5745-54. [PubMed: 9820556] [MGI Ref ID J:50903]
Schwarting A; Moore K; Wada T; Tesch G; Yoon HJ; Kelley VR. 1998. IFN-gamma limits macrophage expansion in MRL-Fas(lpr) autoimmune interstitial nephritis: a negative regulatory pathway. J Immunol 160(8):4074-81. [PubMed: 9558118] [MGI Ref ID J:111003]
Schwarting A; Paul K; Tschirner S; Menke J; Hansen T; Brenner W; Kelley VR; Relle M; Galle PR. 2005. Interferon-beta: a therapeutic for autoimmune lupus in MRL-Faslpr mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 16(11):3264-72. [PubMed: 16221871] [MGI Ref ID J:116824]
Schwarting A; Tesch G; Kinoshita K; Maron R; Weiner HL; Kelley VR. 1999. IL-12 drives IFN-gamma-dependent autoimmune kidney disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 163(12):6884-91. [PubMed: 10586090] [MGI Ref ID J:58989]
Schwarting A; Wada T; Kinoshita K; Tesch G; Kelley VR. 1998. IFN-gamma receptor signaling is essential for the initiation, acceleration, and destruction of autoimmune kidney disease in MRL-Fas(lpr) mice. J Immunol 161(1):494-503. [PubMed: 9647261] [MGI Ref ID J:110886]
Seagal J; Edry E; Naftali H; Melamed D. 2004. Generation and selection of an IgG-driven autoimmune repertoire during B-lymphopoiesis in Igmicro-deficient/lpr mice. Int Immunol 16(7):905-13. [PubMed: 15148286] [MGI Ref ID J:90752]
Seagal J; Leider N; Wildbaum G; Karin N; Melamed D. 2003. Increased plasma cell frequency and accumulation of abnormal syndecan-1plus T-cells in Igmu-deficient/lpr mice. Int Immunol 15(9):1045-52. [PubMed: 12917256] [MGI Ref ID J:85222]
Seagal J; Melamed D. 2004. Contribution of alphabeta and gammadelta T cells to the generation of primary immunoglobulin G-driven autoimmune response in immunoglobulin- mu-deficient/lpr mice. Immunology 112(2):265-73. [PubMed: 15147570] [MGI Ref ID J:90503]
Sedger LM; Hou S; Osvath SR; Glaccum MB; Peschon JJ; van Rooijen N; Hyland L. 2002. Bone marrow B cell apoptosis during in vivo influenza virus infection requires TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin-alpha. J Immunol 169(11):6193-201. [PubMed: 12444124] [MGI Ref ID J:118778]
Seino K; Kayagaki N; Bashuda H; Okumura K; Yagita H. 1996. Contribution of Fas ligand to cardiac allograft rejection. Int Immunol 8(9):1347-54. [PubMed: 8921411] [MGI Ref ID J:42521]
Sekine H; Ferreira RC; Pan-Hammarstrom Q; Graham RR; Ziemba B; de Vries SS; Liu J; Hippen K; Koeuth T; Ortmann W; Iwahori A; Elliott MK; Offer S; Skon C; Du L; Novitzke J; Lee AT; Zhao N; Tompkins JD; Altshuler D; Gregersen PK; Cunningham-Rundles C; Harris RS; Her C; Nelson DL; Hammarstrom L; Gilkeson GS; Behrens TW. 2007. Role for Msh5 in the regulation of Ig class switch recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(17):7193-8. [PubMed: 17409188] [MGI Ref ID J:120876]
Sekine H; Graham KL; Zhao S; Elliott MK; Ruiz P; Utz PJ; Gilkeson GS. 2006. Role of MHC-linked genes in autoantigen selection and renal disease in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 177(10):7423-34. [PubMed: 17082662] [MGI Ref ID J:140609]
Sekine H; Reilly CM; Molano ID; Garnier G; Circolo A; Ruiz P; Holers VM; Boackle SA; Gilkeson GS. 2001. Complement component C3 is not required for full expression of immune complex glomerulonephritis in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 166(10):6444-51. [PubMed: 11342671] [MGI Ref ID J:124517]
Selvaggi G; Ricordi C; Podack ER; Inverardi L. 1996. The role of the perforin and Fas pathways of cytotoxicity in skin graft rejection. Transplantation 62(12):1912-5. [PubMed: 8990386] [MGI Ref ID J:37400]
Seo SJ; Fields ML; Buckler JL; Reed AJ; Mandik-Nayak L; Nish SA; Noelle RJ; Turka LA; Finkelman FD; Caton AJ; Erikson J. 2002. The impact of T helper and T regulatory cells on the regulation of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells. Immunity 16(4):535-46. [PubMed: 11970877] [MGI Ref ID J:132263]
Shan H; Shlomchik MJ; Marshak-Rothstein A; Pisetsky DS; Litwin S; Weigert MG. 1994. The mechanism of autoantibody production in an autoimmune MRL/lpr mouse. J Immunol 153(11):5104-20. [PubMed: 7525723] [MGI Ref ID J:21647]
Shanker A; Brooks AD; Jacobsen KM; Wine JW; Wiltrout RH; Yagita H; Sayers TJ. 2009. Antigen presented by tumors in vivo determines the nature of CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity. Cancer Res 69(16):6615-23. [PubMed: 19654302] [MGI Ref ID J:151764]
Shanks N; Moore PM; Perks P; Lightman SL. 1999. Alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function correlated with the onset of murine SLE in MRL +/+ and lpr/lpr mice. Brain Behav Immun 13(4):348-60. [PubMed: 10600221] [MGI Ref ID J:58721]
Sharma R; Deshmukh US; Zheng L; Fu SM; Ju ST. 2009. X-linked Foxp3 (Scurfy) mutation dominantly inhibits submandibular gland development and inflammation respectively through adaptive and innate immune mechanisms. J Immunol 183(5):3212-8. [PubMed: 19648271] [MGI Ref ID J:151870]
Sharma R; Sung SS; Abaya CE; Ju AC; Fu SM; Ju ST. 2009. IL-2 regulates CD103 expression on CD4+ T cells in Scurfy mice that display both CD103-dependent and independent inflammation. J Immunol 183(2):1065-73. [PubMed: 19553521] [MGI Ref ID J:151408]
Sharma V; Delgado M; Ganea D. 2006. Granzyme B, a new player in activation-induced cell death, is down-regulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide in Th2 but not Th1 effectors. J Immunol 176(1):97-110. [PubMed: 16365400] [MGI Ref ID J:126251]
Sharov AA; Siebenhaar F; Sharova TY; Botchkareva NV; Gilchrest BA; Botchkarev VA. 2004. Fas signaling is involved in the control of hair follicle response to chemotherapy. Cancer Res 64(17):6266-70. [PubMed: 15342414] [MGI Ref ID J:92411]
Shibata T; Berney T; Spertini F; Izui S. 1992. Rheumatoid factors in mice bearing the lpr or gld mutation. Selective production of rheumatoid factor cryoglobulins in MRL/MPJ-lpr/lpr mice [see comments] Clin Exp Immunol 87(2):190-5. [PubMed: 1735182] [MGI Ref ID J:1662]
Shimizu M; Sekine K; Matsuzawa A; Iwaguchi T. 1992. Cell electrophoretic characterization of abnormally expanded lymphocytes in autoimmune lprcg, lpr, gld and Yaa mice, and of thymocyte subsets. Electrophoresis 13(3):136-42. [PubMed: 1592043] [MGI Ref ID J:2361]
Shimizu S; Sugiyama N; Masutani K; Sadanaga A; Miyazaki Y; Inoue Y; Akahoshi M; Katafuchi R; Hirakata H; Harada M; Hamano S; Nakashima H; Yoshida H. 2005. Membranous glomerulonephritis development with Th2-type immune deviations in MRL/lpr mice deficient for IL-27 receptor (WSX-1). J Immunol 175(11):7185-92. [PubMed: 16301622] [MGI Ref ID J:122148]
Shirai A; Aoki I; Otani M; Mond JJ; Klinman DM. 1994. Treatment with dextran-conjugated anti-IgD delays the development of autoimmunity in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 153(4):1889-94. [PubMed: 7519219] [MGI Ref ID J:19687]
Shlomchik MJ; Madaio MP; Ni D; Trounstein M; Huszar D. 1994. The role of B cells in lpr/lpr-induced autoimmunity. J Exp Med 180(4):1295-306. [PubMed: 7931063] [MGI Ref ID J:20688]
Singer GG; Abbas AK. 1994. The fas antigen is involved in peripheral but not thymic deletion of T lymphocytes in T cell receptor transgenic mice. Immunity 1(5):365-71. [PubMed: 7533645] [MGI Ref ID J:25011]
Singh RR; Saxena V; Zang S; Li L; Finkelman FD; Witte DP; Jacob CO. 2003. Differential contribution of IL-4 and STAT6 vs STAT4 to the development of lupus nephritis. J Immunol 170(9):4818-25. [PubMed: 12707364] [MGI Ref ID J:123824]
Smith DJ; McGuire MJ; Tocci MJ; Thiele DL. 1997. IL-1 beta convertase (ICE) does not play a requisite role in apoptosis induced in T lymphoblasts by Fas-dependent or Fas-independent CTL effector mechanisms. J Immunol 158(1):163-70. [PubMed: 8977187] [MGI Ref ID J:110640]
Smith KG; Nossal GJ; Tarlinton DM. 1995. FAS is highly expressed in the germinal center but is not required for regulation of the B-cell response to antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92(25):11628-32. [PubMed: 8524817] [MGI Ref ID J:30157]
Sobel ES; Yokoyama WM; Shevach EM; Eisenberg RA; Cohen PL. 1993. Aberrant expression of the very early activation antigen on MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr lymphocytes. J Immunol 150(2):673-82. [PubMed: 8380429] [MGI Ref ID J:3652]
Soguero C; Joo M; Chianese-Bullock KA; Nguyen DT; Tung K; Hahn YS. 2002. Hepatitis C virus core protein leads to immune suppression and liver damage in a transgenic murine model. J Virol 76(18):9345-54. [PubMed: 12186917] [MGI Ref ID J:132799]
Song J; Sapi E; Brown W; Nilsen J; Tartaro K; Kacinski BM; Craft J; Naftolin F; Mor G. 2000. Roles of Fas and Fas ligand during mammary gland remodeling. J Clin Invest 106(10):1209-20. [PubMed: 11086022] [MGI Ref ID J:115110]
Srivatsan S; Peng SL. 2005. Cutting edge: Foxj1 protects against autoimmunity and inhibits thymocyte egress. J Immunol 175(12):7805-9. [PubMed: 16339515] [MGI Ref ID J:122222]
Steinberg AD. 1994. MRL-lpr/lpr disease: theories meet Fas. Semin Immunol 6(1):55-69. [PubMed: 7513194] [MGI Ref ID J:19054]
Steinberg EB; Santoro TJ; Chused TM; Smathers PA; Steinberg AD. 1983. Studies of congenic MRL-Ipr/Ipr.xid mice. J Immunol 131(6):2789-95. [PubMed: 6605990] [MGI Ref ID J:7247]
Steinmetz OM; Turner JE; Paust HJ; Lindner M; Peters A; Heiss K; Velden J; Hopfer H; Fehr S; Krieger T; Meyer-Schwesinger C; Meyer TN; Helmchen U; Mittrucker HW; Stahl RA; Panzer U. 2009. CXCR3 mediates renal Th1 and Th17 immune response in murine lupus nephritis. J Immunol 183(7):4693-704. [PubMed: 19734217] [MGI Ref ID J:152790]
Strasser A; Harris AW; Huang DC; Krammer PH; Cory S. 1995. Bcl-2 and Fas/APO-1 regulate distinct pathways to lymphocyte apoptosis. EMBO J 14(24):6136-47. [PubMed: 8557033] [MGI Ref ID J:31382]
Stuart PM; Yin X; Plambeck S; Pan F; Ferguson TA. 2005. The role of Fas ligand as an effector molecule in corneal graft rejection. Eur J Immunol 35(9):2591-7. [PubMed: 16114107] [MGI Ref ID J:113493]
Su X; Hu Q; Kristan JM; Costa C; Shen Y; Gero D; Matis LA; Wang Y. 2000. Significant role for Fas in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes. J Immunol 164(5):2523-32. [PubMed: 10679090] [MGI Ref ID J:127009]
Su X; Zhou T; Yang PA; Wang Z; Mountz JD. 1996. Hematopoietic cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase-deficient motheaten mice exhibit T cell apoptosis defect. J Immunol 156(11):4198-208. [PubMed: 8666788] [MGI Ref ID J:110824]
Sun M; Lee S; Karray S; Levi-Strauss M; Ames KT; Fink PJ. 2007. Cutting edge: two distinct motifs within the Fas ligand tail regulate Fas ligand-mediated costimulation. J Immunol 179(9):5639-43. [PubMed: 17947633] [MGI Ref ID J:153015]
Sundblad A; Coutinho A. 1996. B-lineage cell deficits in bone marrow of lpr/lpr mice. Int Immunol 8(2):247-54. [PubMed: 8671610] [MGI Ref ID J:31438]
Suzuki A; Matsuzawa A; Iguchi T. 1996. Down regulation of Bcl-2 is the first step on Fas-mediated apoptosis of male reproductive tract. Oncogene 13(1):31-7. [PubMed: 8700551] [MGI Ref ID J:34351]
Suzuki A; Tsutomi Y; Shimizu M; Matsuzawa A. 1999. Another cell death induction system: TNF-alpha acts as a ligand for Fas in vaginal cells. Cell Death Differ 6(7):638-43. [PubMed: 10453074] [MGI Ref ID J:114219]
Suzuki H; Yasukawa K; Saito T; Narazaki M; Hasegawa A; Taga T; Kishimoto T. 1993. Serum soluble interleukin-6 receptor in MRL/lpr mice is elevated with age and mediates the interleukin-6 signal. Eur J Immunol 23(5):1078-82. [PubMed: 8477802] [MGI Ref ID J:4970]
Sverremark E; Rietz C; Fernandez C. 2000. Kappa-deficient mice are non-responders to dextran B512: is this unresponsiveness due to specialization of the kappa and lambda Ig repertoires? Int Immunol 12(4):431-8. [PubMed: 10744644] [MGI Ref ID J:110535]
Tada Y; Nagasawa K; Ho A; Morito F; Koarada S; Ushiyama O; Suzuki N; Ohta A; Mak TW. 1999. Role of the costimulatory molecule CD28 in the development of lupus in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 163(6):3153-9. [PubMed: 10477582] [MGI Ref ID J:57601]
Taguchi N; Hashimoto Y; Naiki M; Farr AG; Boyd RL; Ansari AA; Shultz LD; Kotzin BL; Dorshkind K; Ikehara S; Gershwin ME. 1999. Abnormal thymic expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EP-CAM) in New Zealand Black (NZB) mice. J Autoimmun 13(4):393-404. [PubMed: 10585755] [MGI Ref ID J:59174]
Takahashi K; Kozono Y; Waldschmidt TJ; Berthiaume D; Quigg RJ ; Baron A ; Holers VM. 1997. Mouse complement receptors type 1 (CR1;CD35) and type 2 (CR2;CD21): expression on normal B cell subpopulations and decreased levels during the development of autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 159(3):1557-69. [PubMed: 9233655] [MGI Ref ID J:41628]
Takahashi N; Kakinuma H; Hamada K; Shimazaki K; Yamasaki Y; Matsushita H; Nishi Y. 2000. Improved generation of catalytic antibodies by MRL/MPJ-lpr/lpr autoimmune mice. J Immunol Methods 235(1-2):113-20. [PubMed: 10675763] [MGI Ref ID J:60663]
Takahashi S; Fossati L; Iwamoto M; Merino R; Motta R; Kobayakawa T; Izui S. 1996. Imbalance towards Th1 predominance is associated with acceleration of lupus-like autoimmune syndrome in MRL mice. J Clin Invest 97(7):1597-604. [PubMed: 8601623] [MGI Ref ID J:32235]
Takahashi T; Yagi T; Kakinuma S; Kurokawa A; Okada T; Takatsu K ; Aizawa S ; Katagiri T. 1997. Suppression of autoimmune disease and of massive lymphadenopathy in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice lacking tyrosine kinase Fyn (p59fyn). J Immunol 159(5):2532-41. [PubMed: 9278347] [MGI Ref ID J:42374]
Takeda K; Dennert G. 1993. The development of autoimmunity in C57BL/6 lpr mice correlates with the disappearance of natural killer type 1-positive cells: evidence for their suppressive action on bone marrow stem cell proliferation, B cell immunoglobulin secretion, and autoimmune smptoms. J Exp Med 177(1):155-64. [PubMed: 8418197] [MGI Ref ID J:3487]
Takemura Y; Ouchi N; Shibata R; Aprahamian T; Kirber MT; Summer RS; Kihara S; Walsh K. 2007. Adiponectin modulates inflammatory reactions via calreticulin receptor-dependent clearance of early apoptotic bodies. J Clin Invest 117(2):375-386. [PubMed: 17256056] [MGI Ref ID J:118041]
Takeoka Y; Taguchi N; Shultz L; Boyd RL; Naiki M; Ansari AA; Gershwin ME. 1999. Apoptosis and the thymic microenvironment in murine lupus. J Autoimmun 13(3):325-34. [PubMed: 10550220] [MGI Ref ID J:58407]
Takeoka Y; Yoshida SH; Van de Water J; Boyd R; Suehiro S; Ansari AA; Gershwin ME. 1995. Thymic microenvironmental abnormalities in MRL/MP-lpr/lpr, BXSB/MpJ Yaa and C3H HeJ-gld/gld mice. J Autoimmun 8(2):145-61. [PubMed: 7612145] [MGI Ref ID J:24324]
Tamura A; Katsumata M; Greene MI; Yui K. 1996. Inhibition of apoptosis and augmentation of lymphoproliferation in bcl-2 transgenic Fas/Fas ligand-defective mice. Cell Immunol 168(2):220-8. [PubMed: 8640868] [MGI Ref ID J:31852]
Tamura A; Yui K. 1995. Age-dependent reduction of Bcl-2 expression in peripheral T cells of lpr and gld mutant mice. J Immunol 155(1):499-507. [PubMed: 7602121] [MGI Ref ID J:26199]
Tanaka T; Nagasaka Y; Kitamura F; Kuida K; Suwa H; Miyasaka M. 1993. The role of the interleukin-2 (IL-2)/IL-2 receptor pathway in MRL/lpr lymphadenopathy: the expanded CD4-8- T cell subset completely lacks functional IL-2 receptors. Eur J Immunol 23(6):1378-80. [PubMed: 7684688] [MGI Ref ID J:12576]
Tang Q; Smith JA; Szot GL; Zhou P; Alegre ML; Henriksen KJ; Thompson CB; Bluestone JA. 2003. CD28/B7 regulation of anti-CD3-mediated immunosuppression in vivo. J Immunol 170(3):1510-6. [PubMed: 12538715] [MGI Ref ID J:126890]
Taniguchi Y; Ito MR; Mori S; Yonehara S; Nose M. 1996. Role of macrophages in the development of arteritis in MRL strains of mice with a deficit in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Clin Exp Immunol 106(1):26-34. [PubMed: 8870694] [MGI Ref ID J:35619]
Taylor MA; Ward B; Schatzle JD; Bennett M. 2002. Perforin- and Fas-dependent mechanisms of natural killer cell-mediated rejection of incompatible bone marrow cell grafts. Eur J Immunol 32(3):793-9. [PubMed: 11870623] [MGI Ref ID J:115357]
Teachey DT; Seif AE; Brown VI; Bruno M; Bunte RM; Chang YJ; Choi JK; Fish JD; Hall J; Reid GS; Ryan T; Sheen C; Zweidler-McKay P; Grupp SA. 2008. Targeting Notch signaling in autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disease. Blood 111(2):705-14. [PubMed: 17925488] [MGI Ref ID J:130092]
Teh HS; Seebaran A; Teh SJ. 2000. TNF receptor 2-deficient CD8 T cells are resistant to Fas/Fas ligand-induced cell death. J Immunol 165(9):4814-21. [PubMed: 11046004] [MGI Ref ID J:118924]
Theofilopoulos AN; Balderas R; Shawler DL; Izui S; Kotzin BL; Strober S; Dixon FJ. 1980. Inhibition of T cells proliferation and SLE-like syndrome of MRL/1 mice by whole body or total lymphoid irradiation. J Immunol 125(5):2137-42. [PubMed: 6968773] [MGI Ref ID J:6399]
Theofilopoulos AN; Balderas RS; Gozes Y; Aguado MT; Hang LM; Morrow PR; Dixon FJ. 1985. Association of lpr gene with graft-vs.-host disease-like syndrome. J Exp Med 162(1):1-18. [PubMed: 3891901] [MGI Ref ID J:7907]
Theofilopoulos AN; Balderas RS; Shawler DL; Lee S; Dixon FJ. 1981. Influence of thymic genotype on the systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease and T cell proliferation of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. J Exp Med 153(6):1405-14. [PubMed: 6972998] [MGI Ref ID J:6542]
Theofilopoulos AN; Eisenberg RA; Bourdon M; Crowell JS Jr; Dixon FJ. 1979. Distribution of lymphocytes identified by surface markers in murine strains with systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndromes. J Exp Med 149(2):516-34. [PubMed: 762500] [MGI Ref ID J:108760]
Theofilopoulos AN; Shawler DL; Eisenberg RA; Dixon FJ. 1980. Splenic immunoglobulin-secreting cells and their regulation in autoimmune mice. J Exp Med 151(2):446-66. [PubMed: 6444324] [MGI Ref ID J:6257]
Tiberghien F; Ceredig R; Loor F. 1994. Influence of the lpr environment on the lymph node cell phenotypes in C57BL/6 nubg and nulpr chimeras. Immunology 83(4):552-61. [PubMed: 7875735] [MGI Ref ID J:21826]
Tolosa E; King LB; Ashwell JD. 1998. Thymocyte glucocorticoid resistance alters positive selection and inhibits autoimmunity and lymphoproliferative disease in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Immunity 8(1):67-76. [PubMed: 9462512] [MGI Ref ID J:45524]
Traver D; Akashi K; Weissman IL; Lagasse E. 1998. Mice defective in two apoptosis pathways in the myeloid lineage develop acute myeloblastic leukemia. Immunity 9(1):47-57. [PubMed: 9697835] [MGI Ref ID J:48838]
Trimble LA; Prince KA; Pestano GA; Daley J; Cantor H. 2002. Fas-dependent elimination of nonselected CD8 cells and lpr disease. J Immunol 168(10):4960-7. [PubMed: 11994447] [MGI Ref ID J:133158]
Trouw LA; Seelen MA; Duijs JM; Wagner S; Loos M; Bajema IM; van Kooten C; Roos A; Daha MR. 2005. Activation of the lectin pathway in murine lupus nephritis. Mol Immunol 42(6):731-40. [PubMed: 15781117] [MGI Ref ID J:96944]
Trune DR; Craven JP; Morton JI; Mitchell C. 1989. Autoimmune disease and cochlear pathology in the C3H/lpr strain mouse. Hear Res 38(1-2):57-66. [PubMed: 2708160] [MGI Ref ID J:1060]
Trune DR; Kempton JB; Harrison AR; Wobig JL. 2007. Glucocorticoid impact on cochlear function and systemic side effects in autoimmune C3.MRL-Fas(lpr) and normal C3H/HeJ mice. Hear Res 226(1-2):209-17. [PubMed: 17098384] [MGI Ref ID J:119947]
Trune DR; Kempton JB; Mitchell C. 1996. Decreased auditory function in the C3H/lpr autoimmune disease mouse. Hear Res 95(1-2):57-62. [PubMed: 8793508] [MGI Ref ID J:34296]
Tsuji H; Harada A; Mukaida N; Nakanuma Y; Bluethmann H; Kaneko S ; Yamakawa K ; Nakamura SI ; Kobayashi KI ; Matsushima K. 1997. Tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 is essential for intrahepatic granuloma formation and hepatocellular apoptosis in a murine model of bacterium-induced fulminant hepatitis. Infect Immun 65(5):1892-8. [PubMed: 9125577] [MGI Ref ID J:39779]
Tsukahara A; Iiai T; Moroda T; Tada T; Suzuki S; Takeda K; Hatakeyama K; Abo T. 1998. An allogeneic microenvironment influences the phenotype of intermediate T-cell receptor cells expanding in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Immunology 94(2):149-59. [PubMed: 9741335] [MGI Ref ID J:48054]
Turner J; D'Souza CD; Pearl JE; Marietta P; Noel M; Frank AA; Appelberg R; Orme IM; Cooper AM. 2001. CD8- and CD95/95L-dependent mechanisms of resistance in mice with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 24(2):203-9. [PubMed: 11159055] [MGI Ref ID J:114284]
Ugolini G; Raoul C; Ferri A; Haenggeli C; Yamamoto Y; Salaun D; Henderson CE; Kato AC; Pettmann B; Hueber AO. 2003. Fas/tumor necrosis factor receptor death signaling is required for axotomy-induced death of motoneurons in vivo. J Neurosci 23(24):8526-31. [PubMed: 13679421] [MGI Ref ID J:85525]
Van Houten N; Budd RC. 1994. Introduction: lessons from the lpr mouse--T lymphocyte development. Semin Immunol 6(1):1-2. [PubMed: 8167302] [MGI Ref ID J:19060]
Van Parijs L; Biuckians A; Abbas AK. 1998. Functional roles of Fas and Bcl-2-regulated apoptosis of T lymphocytes. J Immunol 160(5):2065-71. [PubMed: 9498742] [MGI Ref ID J:112062]
Van Parijs L; Peterson DA; Abbas AK. 1998. The Fas/Fas ligand pathway and Bcl-2 regulate T cell responses to model self and foreign antigens. Immunity 8(2):265-74. [PubMed: 9492007] [MGI Ref ID J:110425]
Velin D; Goettelfinger P; Froidevaux S; Loor F. 1993. gld and lpr hematopoietic cell transfers: common and different serological features of the C57BL/6 chimeras. Cell Immunol 148(2):331-45. [PubMed: 8098670] [MGI Ref ID J:4761]
Vence L; Benoist C; Mathis D. 2004. Fas deficiency prevents type 1 diabetes by inducing hyporesponsiveness in islet beta-cell-reactive T-cells. Diabetes 53(11):2797-803. [PubMed: 15504959] [MGI Ref ID J:108733]
Verdaguer J; Amrani A; Anderson B; Schmidt D; Santamaria P. 1999. Two mechanisms for the non-MHC-linked resistance to spontaneous autoimmunity. J Immunol 162(8):4614-26. [PubMed: 10202001] [MGI Ref ID J:109898]
Very DL Jr; Panka DJ; Weissman D; Wysocki L; Manser T; Marshak-Rothstein A. 1993. Lack of connectivity between the induced and autoimmune repertoires of lpr/lpr mice. Immunology 80(4):518-26. [PubMed: 8307604] [MGI Ref ID J:15961]
Vinay DS; Choi JH; Kim JD; Choi BK; Kwon BS. 2007. Role of endogenous 4-1BB in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology 122(3):394-400. [PubMed: 17608689] [MGI Ref ID J:127197]
Vinay DS; Kim JD; Asai T; Choi BK; Kwon BS. 2007. Absence of 4 1BB gene function exacerbates lacrimal gland inflammation in autoimmune-prone MRL-Faslpr mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48(10):4608-15. [PubMed: 17898284] [MGI Ref ID J:126929]
Wahlsten JL; Gitchell HL; Chan CC; Wiggert B; Caspi RR. 2000. Fas and Fas ligand expressed on cells of the immune system, not on the target tissue, control induction of experimental autoimmune uveitis. J Immunol 165(10):5480-6. [PubMed: 11067900] [MGI Ref ID J:119582]
Waldner H; Sobel RA; Howard E; Kuchroo VK. 1997. Fas- and FasL-deficient mice are resistant to induction of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 159(7):3100-3. [PubMed: 9317104] [MGI Ref ID J:43096]
Wallach-Dayan SB; Golan-Gerstl R; Breuer R. 2007. Evasion of myofibroblasts from immune surveillance: a mechanism for tissue fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(51):20460-5. [PubMed: 18077384] [MGI Ref ID J:130580]
Wang H; Shlomchik MJ. 1999. Autoantigen-specific B cell activation in Fas-deficient rheumatoid factor immunoglobulin transgenic mice. J Exp Med 190(5):639-49. [PubMed: 10477549] [MGI Ref ID J:121896]
Wang X; Ryter SW; Dai C; Tang ZL; Watkins SC; Yin XM; Song R; Choi AM. 2003. Necrotic cell death in response to oxidant stress involves the activation of the apoptogenic caspase-8/bid pathway. J Biol Chem 278(31):29184-91. [PubMed: 12754217] [MGI Ref ID J:120650]
Watanabe D; Suda T; Hashimoto H; Nagata S. 1995. Constitutive activation of the Fas ligand gene in mouse lymphoproliferative disorders. EMBO J 14(1):12-8. [PubMed: 7530197] [MGI Ref ID J:22518]
Watanabe H; Garnier G; Circolo A; Wetsel RA; Ruiz P; Holers VM; Boackle SA; Colten HR; Gilkeson GS. 2000. Modulation of renal disease in MRL/lpr mice genetically deficient in the alternative complement pathway factor B. J Immunol 164(2):786-94. [PubMed: 10623824] [MGI Ref ID J:59304]
Watson LC; Moffatt-Blue CS; McDonald RZ; Kompfner E; Ait-Azzouzene D; Nemazee D; Theofilopoulos AN; Kono DH; Feeney AJ. 2006. Paucity of V-D-D-J rearrangements and VH replacement events in lupus prone and nonautoimmune TdT-/- and TdT+/+ mice. J Immunol 177(2):1120-8. [PubMed: 16818769] [MGI Ref ID J:134996]
Watson ML; Rao JK; Gilkeson GS; Ruiz P; Eicher EM; Pisetsky DS; Matsuzawa A; Rochelle JM; Seldin MF. 1992. Genetic analysis of MRL-lpr mice: relationship of the Fas apoptosis gene to disease manifestations and renal disease-modifying loci. J Exp Med 176(6):1645-56. [PubMed: 1460423] [MGI Ref ID J:3304]
Weant AE; Michalek RD; Khan IU; Holbrook BC; Willingham MC; Grayson JM. 2008. Apoptosis regulators Bim and Fas function concurrently to control autoimmunity and CD8+ T cell contraction. Immunity 28(2):218-30. [PubMed: 18275832] [MGI Ref ID J:132216]
Weber GF; Cantor H. 2001. Differential roles of osteopontin/Eta-1 in early and late lpr disease. Clin Exp Immunol 126(3):578-83. [PubMed: 11737079] [MGI Ref ID J:73396]
Weintraub JP; Cohen PL. 1999. Ectopic expression of B7-1 (CD80) on T lymphocytes in autoimmune lpr and gld mice. Clin Immunol 91(3):302-9. [PubMed: 10370375] [MGI Ref ID J:55186]
Weintraub JP; Godfrey V; Wolthusen PA; Cheek RL; Eisenberg RA ; Cohen PL. 1998. Immunological and pathological consequences of mutations in both Fas and Fas ligand. Cell Immunol 186(1):8-17. [PubMed: 9637760] [MGI Ref ID J:48251]
Wigginton JM; Lee JK; Wiltrout TA; Alvord WG; Hixon JA; Subleski J; Back TC; Wiltrout RH. 2002. Synergistic engagement of an ineffective endogenous anti-tumor immune response and induction of IFN-gamma and Fas-ligand-dependent tumor eradication by combined administration of IL-18 and IL-2. J Immunol 169(8):4467-74. [PubMed: 12370382] [MGI Ref ID J:109850]
Wilber A; O'Connor TP; Lu ML; Karimi A; Schneider MC. 2003. Dnase1l3 deficiency in lupus-prone MRL and NZB/W F1 mice. Clin Exp Immunol 134(1):46-52. [PubMed: 12974753] [MGI Ref ID J:109815]
William J; Euler C; Christensen S; Shlomchik MJ. 2002. Evolution of autoantibody responses via somatic hypermutation outside of germinal centers. Science 297(5589):2066-70. [PubMed: 12242446] [MGI Ref ID J:139859]
William J; Euler C; Primarolo N; Shlomchik MJ. 2006. B cell tolerance checkpoints that restrict pathways of antigen-driven differentiation. J Immunol 176(4):2142-51. [PubMed: 16455970] [MGI Ref ID J:129124]
Wofsy D; Murphy ED; Roths JB; Dauphinee MJ; Kipper SB; Talal N. 1981. Deficient interleukin 2 activity in MRL/Mp and C57BL/6J mice bearing the lpr gene. J Exp Med 154(5):1671-80. [PubMed: 6975351] [MGI Ref ID J:6638]
Wong ML; Young JS; Nilaver G; Morton JI; Trune DR. 1992. Cochlear IgG in the C3H/lpr autoimmune strain mouse. Hear Res 59(1):93-100. [PubMed: 1629052] [MGI Ref ID J:943]
Woo J; Wright TM; Lemster B; Borochovitz D; Nalesnik MA; Thomson AW. 1995. Combined effects of FK506 (tacrolimus) and cyclophosphamide on atypical B220+ T cells, cytokine gene expression and disease activity in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr mice. Clin Exp Immunol 100(1):118-25. [PubMed: 7535208] [MGI Ref ID J:25139]
Woodworth JS; Wu Y; Behar SM. 2008. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells require perforin to kill target cells and provide protection in vivo. J Immunol 181(12):8595-603. [PubMed: 19050279] [MGI Ref ID J:142057]
Wu J; Zhou T; Zhang J; He J; Gause WC; Mountz JD. 1994. Correction of accelerated autoimmune disease by early replacement of the mutated lpr gene with the normal Fas apoptosis gene in the T cells of transgenic MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(6):2344-8. [PubMed: 7510888] [MGI Ref ID J:17253]
Wu X; Jiang N; Deppong C; Singh J; Dolecki G; Mao D; Morel L; Molina HD. 2002. A role for the Cr2 gene in modifying autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 169(3):1587-92. [PubMed: 12133988] [MGI Ref ID J:78006]
Xanthoulea S; Pasparakis M; Kousteni S; Brakebusch C; Wallach D; Bauer J; Lassmann H; Kollias G. 2004. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor shedding controls thresholds of innate immune activation that balance opposing TNF functions in infectious and inflammatory diseases. J Exp Med 200(3):367-76. [PubMed: 15289505] [MGI Ref ID J:92470]
Xiang Z; Cutler AJ; Brownlie RJ; Fairfax K; Lawlor KE; Severinson E; Walker EU; Manz RA; Tarlinton DM; Smith KG. 2007. FcgammaRIIb controls bone marrow plasma cell persistence and apoptosis. Nat Immunol 8(4):419-29. [PubMed: 17322888] [MGI Ref ID J:120734]
Xiao S; Sung SS; Fu SM; Ju ST. 2003. Combining Fas mutation with interleukin-2 deficiency prevents Colitis and Lupus: implicating interleukin-2 for auto-reactive T cell expansion and Fas ligand for colon epithelial cell death. J Biol Chem 278(52):52730-8. [PubMed: 14525977] [MGI Ref ID J:87085]
Xie C; Patel R; Wu T; Zhu J; Henry T; Bhaskarabhatla M; Samudrala R; Tus K; Gong Y; Zhou H; Wakeland EK; Zhou XJ; Mohan C. 2007. PI3K/AKT/mTOR hypersignaling in autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease engendered by the epistatic interplay of Sle1b and FASlpr. Int Immunol 19(4):509-22. [PubMed: 17369192] [MGI Ref ID J:120119]
Xu B; Bulfone-Paus S; Aoyama K; Yu S; Huang P; Morimoto K; Matsushita T; Takeuchi T. 2003. Role of Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in murine contact hypersensitivity. Int Immunopharmacol 3(7):927-38. [PubMed: 12810350] [MGI Ref ID J:106217]
Xu H; Kurihara H; Ito T; Nakajima SI; Hagiwara E; Yamanokuchi H; Asari A. 2001. IL-12 Enhances Lymphoaccumulation by Suppressing Cell Death of T Cells in MRL- lpr/lpr Mice. J Autoimmun 16(2):87-95. [PubMed: 11247634] [MGI Ref ID J:68152]
Xu JP; Li X; Mori E; Guo MW; Mori T. 1998. Aberrant expression and dysfunction of Fas antigen in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr murine ovary. Zygote 6(4):359-67. [PubMed: 9921647] [MGI Ref ID J:55597]
Yajima K; Nakamura A; Sugahara A; Takai T. 2003. FcgammaRIIB deficiency with Fas mutation is sufficient for the development of systemic autoimmune disease. Eur J Immunol 33(4):1020-9. [PubMed: 12672068] [MGI Ref ID J:82862]
Yamagiwa S; Kuwano Y; Hasegawa K; Sato K; Ohtsuka K; Iiai T; Tomiyama K; Watanabe H; Sugahara S; Seki S; Asakura H; Abo T. 1996. Existence of a small population of IL-2R beta hi TCRint cells in SCG and MRL-lpr/lpr mice which produce normal Fas mRNA and Fas molecules from the lpr gene. Eur J Immunol 26(7):1409-16. [PubMed: 8766540] [MGI Ref ID J:34166]
Yamagiwa S; Sugahara S; Shimizu T; Iwanaga T; Yoshida Y; Honda S; Watanabe H; Suzuki K; Asakura H; Abo T. 1998. The primary site of CD4- 8- B220+ alphabeta T cells in lpr mice: the appendix in normal mice. J Immunol 160(6):2665-74. [PubMed: 9510165] [MGI Ref ID J:111332]
Yan J; Harvey BP; Gee RJ; Shlomchik MJ; Mamula MJ. 2006. B cells drive early T cell autoimmunity in vivo prior to dendritic cell-mediated autoantigen presentation. J Immunol 177(7):4481-7. [PubMed: 16982884] [MGI Ref ID J:139321]
Yan J; Mamula MJ. 2002. B and T cell tolerance and autoimmunity in autoantibody transgenic mice. Int Immunol 14(8):963-71. [PubMed: 12147633] [MGI Ref ID J:131498]
Yanaba K; Bouaziz JD; Matsushita T; Tsubata T; Tedder TF. 2009. The development and function of regulatory B cells expressing IL-10 (B10 cells) requires antigen receptor diversity and TLR signals. J Immunol 182(12):7459-72. [PubMed: 19494269] [MGI Ref ID J:149301]
Yanagi K; Haneji N; Hamano H; Takahashi M; Higashiyama H; Hayashi Y. 1996. In vivo role of IL-10 and IL-12 during development of Sjogren's syndrome in MRL/Lpr mice. Cell Immunol 168(2):243-50. [PubMed: 8640871] [MGI Ref ID J:31851]
Yang CH; Tian L; Ling GS; Trendell-Smith NJ; Ma L; Lo CK; Stott DI; Liew FY; Huang FP. 2008. Immunological mechanisms and clinical implications of regulatory T cell deficiency in a systemic autoimmune disorder: Roles of IL-2 versus IL-15. Eur J Immunol 38(6):1664-76. [PubMed: 18465774] [MGI Ref ID J:136193]
Yang JQ; Chun T; Liu H; Hong S; Bui H; Van Kaer L; Wang CR; Singh RR. 2004. CD1d deficiency exacerbates inflammatory dermatitis in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Eur J Immunol 34(6):1723-32. [PubMed: 15162443] [MGI Ref ID J:90394]
Yang ML; Doyle HA; Gee RJ; Lowenson JD; Clarke S; Lawson BR; Aswad DW; Mamula MJ. 2006. Intracellular protein modification associated with altered T cell functions in autoimmunity. J Immunol 177(7):4541-9. [PubMed: 16982891] [MGI Ref ID J:139320]
Yasuda T; Kuwabara T; Nakano H; Aritomi K; Onodera T; Lipp M; Takahama Y; Kakiuchi T. 2007. Chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 promote activation-induced cell death of antigen-responding T cells. Blood 109(2):449-56. [PubMed: 16973962] [MGI Ref ID J:144008]
Yasuda T; Zhang Y; Nagase H; Kaneko T; Sayama K; Hashimoto H; Matsuzawa A. 2000. Immunological characterization of C3H mice congenic for Fas(lprcg), C3h/HeJ-Fas(lprcg)/Fas(lprcg). Lab Anim 34(1):46-55. [PubMed: 10759366] [MGI Ref ID J:59981]
Yasutomo K; Maeda K; Hisaeda H; Good RA; Kuroda Y; Himeno K. 1997. The Fas-deficient SCID mouse exhibits the development of T cells in the thymus. J Immunol 158(10):4729-33. [PubMed: 9144486] [MGI Ref ID J:40207]
Yin Y; Stahl BC; DeWolf WC; Morgentaler A. 2002. P53 and Fas are sequential mechanisms of testicular germ cell apoptosis. J Androl 23(1):64-70. [PubMed: 11780924] [MGI Ref ID J:105850]
Yin Z; Bahtiyar G; Zhang N; Liu L; Zhu P; Robert ME; McNiff J; Madaio MP; Craft J. 2002. IL-10 regulates murine lupus. J Immunol 169(4):2148-55. [PubMed: 12165544] [MGI Ref ID J:78239]
Yoh K; Itoh K; Enomoto A; Hirayama A; Yamaguchi N; Kobayashi M; Morito N; Koyama A; Yamamoto M; Takahashi S. 2001. Nrf2-deficient female mice develop lupus-like autoimmune nephritis. Kidney Int 60(4):1343-53. [PubMed: 11576348] [MGI Ref ID J:104016]
Yoshida T; Higuchi T; Hagiyama H; Strasser A; Nishioka K; Tsubata T. 2000. Rapid B cell apoptosis induced by antigen receptor ligation does not require fas (CD95/APO-1), the adaptor protein FADD/MORT1 or CrmA-sensitive caspases but is defective in both MRL-+/+ and MRL-lpr/lpr mice Int Immunol 12(4):517-26. [PubMed: 10744653] [MGI Ref ID J:61691]
Youd ME; Luus L; Corley RB. 2004. IgM monomers accelerate disease manifestations in autoimmune-prone Fas-deficient mice. J Autoimmun 23(4):333-43. [PubMed: 15571927] [MGI Ref ID J:94230]
Yui K; Wadsworth S; Yellen A; Hashimoto Y; Kokai Y; Greene MI. 1988. Molecular and functional properties of novel T cell subsets in C3H-gld/gld and nude mice. Implications for thymic and extrathymic maturation. Immunol Rev 104:121-55. [PubMed: 3049314] [MGI Ref ID J:24681]
Zhang B; Hirahashi J; Cullere X; Mayadas TN. 2003. Elucidation of molecular events leading to neutrophil apoptosis following phagocytosis: cross-talk between caspase 8, reactive oxygen species, and MAPK/ERK activation. J Biol Chem 278(31):28443-54. [PubMed: 12736263] [MGI Ref ID J:120441]
Zhang B; Maris CH; Foell J; Whitmire J; Niu L; Song J; Kwon BS; Vella AT; Ahmed R; Jacob J; Mittler RS. 2007. Immune suppression or enhancement by CD137 T cell costimulation during acute viral infection is time dependent. J Clin Invest 117(10):3029-41. [PubMed: 17853940] [MGI Ref ID J:127406]
Zhang MC; Furukawa H; Tokunaka K; Saiga K; Date F; Owada Y; Nose M; Ono M. 2008. Mast cell hyperplasia in the skin of Dsg4-deficient hypotrichosis mice, which are long-living mutants of lupus-prone mice. Immunogenetics 60(10):599-607. [PubMed: 18677469] [MGI Ref ID J:140028]
Zhang XK; Gallant S; Molano I; Moussa OM; Ruiz P; Spyropoulos DD; Watson DK; Gilkeson G. 2004. Decreased expression of the Ets family transcription factor Fli-1 markedly prolongs survival and significantly reduces renal disease in MRL/lpr mice. J Immunol 173(10):6481-9. [PubMed: 15528390] [MGI Ref ID J:94287]
Zhang Z; Kyttaris VC; Tsokos GC. 2009. The role of IL-23/IL-17 axis in lupus nephritis. J Immunol 183(5):3160-9. [PubMed: 19657089] [MGI Ref ID J:151862]
Zhao Z; Deocharan B; Scherer PE; Ozelius LJ; Putterman C. 2006. Differential binding of cross-reactive anti-DNA antibodies to mesangial cells: the role of alpha-actinin. J Immunol 176(12):7704-14. [PubMed: 16751418] [MGI Ref ID J:132348]
Zhou T; Bluethmann H; Eldridge J; Berry K; Mountz JD. 1993. Origin of CD4-CD8-B220+ T cells in MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Clues from a T cell receptor beta transgenic mouse. J Immunol 150(8 Pt 1):3651-67. [PubMed: 7682246] [MGI Ref ID J:4525]
Zhou T; Edwards CK 3rd; Yang P; Wang Z; Bluethmann H; Mountz JD. 1996. Greatly accelerated lymphadenopathy and autoimmune disease in lpr mice lacking tumor necrosis factor receptor I. J Immunol 156(8):2661-5. [PubMed: 8609380] [MGI Ref ID J:32463]
Zielinski CE; Jacob SN; Bouzahzah F; Ehrlich BE; Craft J. 2005. Naive CD4+ T cells from lupus-prone Fas-intact MRL mice display TCR-mediated hyperproliferation due to intrinsic threshold defects in activation. J Immunol 174(8):5100-9. [PubMed: 15814741] [MGI Ref ID J:98149]
Zimmermann C; Rawiel M; Blaser C; Kaufmann M; Pircher H. 1996. Homeostatic regulation of CD8+ T cells after antigen challenge in the absence of Fas (CD95). Eur J Immunol 26(12):2903-10. [PubMed: 8977284] [MGI Ref ID J:37076]
Zornig M; Grzeschiczek A; Kowalski MB; Hartmann KU; Moroy T. 1995. Loss of Fas/Apo-1 receptor accelerates lymphomagenesis in E mu L-MYC transgenic mice but not in animals infected with MoMuLV. Oncogene 10(12):2397-401. [PubMed: 7784089] [MGI Ref ID J:102040]
Zoukhri D; Kublin CL. 2001. Impaired neurotransmitter release from lacrimal and salivary gland nerves of a murine model of Sjogren's syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42(5):925-32. [PubMed: 11274068] [MGI Ref ID J:68663]
Zuliani C; Kleber S; Klussmann S; Wenger T; Kenzelmann M; Schreglmann N; Martinez A; del Rio JA; Soriano E; Vodrazka P; Kuner R; Groene HJ; Herr I; Krammer PH; Martin-Villalba A. 2006. Control of neuronal branching by the death receptor CD95 (Fas/Apo-1). Cell Death Differ 13(1):31-40. [PubMed: 16003386] [MGI Ref ID J:121029]
Zuo J; Ge H; Zhu G; Matthias P; Sun J. 2007. OBF-1 is essential for the generation of antibody-secreting cells and the development of autoimmunity in MRL-lpr mice. J Autoimmun 29(2-3):87-96. [PubMed: 17574818] [MGI Ref ID J:125114]
Zwaferink H; Stockinger S; Reipert S; Decker T. 2008. Stimulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by beta interferon increases necrotic death of macrophages upon Listeria monocytogenes infection. Infect Immun 76(4):1649-56. [PubMed: 18268032] [MGI Ref ID J:133523]
de Alboran IM; Gonzalo JA; Kroemer G; Leonardo E; Marcos MA; Martinez C. 1992. Attenuation of autoimmune disease and lymphocyte accumulation in MRL/lpr mice by treatment with anti-V beta 8 antibodies. Eur J Immunol 22(8):2153-8. [PubMed: 1386316] [MGI Ref ID J:2039]
de Lema GP; Maier H; Franz TJ; Escribese M; Chilla S; Segerer S; Camarasa N; Schmid H; Banas B; Kalaydjiev S; Busch DH; Pfeffer K; Mampaso F; Schlondorff D; Luckow B. 2005. Chemokine receptor Ccr2 deficiency reduces renal disease and prolongs survival in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 16(12):3592-601. [PubMed: 16267157] [MGI Ref ID J:113343]
del Rey A; Roggero E; Kabiersch A; Schafer M; Besedovsky HO. 2006. The role of noradrenergic nerves in the development of the lymphoproliferative disease in Fas-deficient, lpr/lpr mice. J Immunol 176(11):7079-86. [PubMed: 16709870] [MGI Ref ID J:131768]
Health & husbandry
Health & Colony Maintenance Information
Animal Health Reports
Room Number FGB27
Colony Maintenance
Mating System Homozygote x Homozygote (Female x Male) 01-MAR-06 Diet Information LabDiet® 5K52/5K67
Purchasing information
Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions
Pricing
| Pricing for USA, Canada and Mexico shipping destinations |
|
Weeks of Age Price (US dollars $) Gender Genotypes Provided Individual Mouse $71.50 Female or Male Homozygous for Faslpr
Pairs /Price (US dollars $) Pair Genotype $143.00 Homozygous for Faslpr x Homozygous for Faslpr
Additional Supply Details
| Pricing for International shipping destinations |
|
Weeks of Age Price (US dollars $) Gender Genotypes Provided Individual Mouse $93.00 Female or Male Homozygous for Faslpr
Pairs /Price (US dollars $) Pair Genotype $185.90 Homozygous for Faslpr x Homozygous for Faslpr
Additional Supply Details
|
|
|
Supply Details
| Standard Supply | Repository-Live. A collection of over 1000 strains maintained as live colonies. Individual colonies are sized to meet current customer demand. Delivery for orders of 10 mice or less ranges on average from one to eight weeks; mice are generally shipped between four to six weeks of age with a maximum shipping age of approximately nine weeks. Colony sizes do not generally support stringent age specifications for large volumes of mice; however custom orders and larger quantities of mice are easily arranged. Estimated ship dates for all orders provided within two business days following order placement. |
|---|---|
| Supply Notes |
|
| Important Note | |
| This strain is homozygous for the retinal degeneration allele Pde6brd1. | |
Control Information
| Control | ||
|---|---|---|
| 000659 C3H/HeJ | ||
| Considerations for Choosing Controls | ||
| USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains. | ||
| International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains. | ||
Payment Terms and Conditions
Terms are granted by individual review and stated on the customer invoice(s) and account statement. These transactions are payable in U.S. currency within the granted terms. Payment for services, products, shipping containers, and shipping costs that are rendered are expected within the payment terms indicated on the invoice or stated by contract. Invoices and account balances in arrears of stated terms may result in The Jackson Laboratory pursuing collection activities including but not limited to outside agencies and court filings.
See Terms of Use tab for General Terms and Conditions
The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise
The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.Ordering and Purchasing Information
Purchasing Information
JAX® Mice Orders
Surgical Services
Contact Information
Orders & Technical Support
Tel: 1-800-422-6423 or 1-207-288-5845
Fax: 1-207-288-6150
Technical Support Email Form
Terms of Use
Terms of Use
General Terms and Conditions
Contact information
General inquiries
Contracts Administration
| phone: | 207-288-6470 |
| fax: | 207-288-6655 |
JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use
"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCTS" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or services provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE or PRODUCTS from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON's prior written authorization.No Warranty
MICE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE PROVIDED “AS IS”. JACKSON EXTENDS NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, WITH RESPECT TO MICE, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of mice, products or services, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the mice or product received or the services provided.
No Liability
In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. In purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS or services from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.
MICE and PRODUCTS are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.
The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS or services may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and services by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.
Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or services by JACKSON.