Strain Name:

C57BLKS-Rpl24Bst/J

Stock Number:

000516

Availability:

Repository- Live

Description

Strain Information

Former Names C57BLKS-Bst/J    (Changed: 15-DEC-04 )
Type Coisogenic; Mutant Strain; Spontaneous Mutation;
Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice.
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Mating SystemHeterozygote x +/+ sibling         (Female x Male)
Specieslaboratory mouse
GenerationF35+2N1F84 (07-DEC-07)

Appearance
black with belly spot
Related Genotype: a/a Rpl24Bst/+

black
Related Genotype: a/a +/+

Description
Belly spot and tail (Rpl24Bst) is a semidominant, homozygous in utero lethal mutation. Adult heterozygotes are viable and fertile although a reduced birth rate for heterozygotes has been reported. This may reflect incomplete penetrance, or, more likely, prenatal mortality. The Rpl24Bst mutation has variable expressivity and the heterozygous phenotypic traits include shortened and kinked tail, white feet and belly spot, malocclusion, smaller body size, exencephaly, abnormalities of the spine, ocular defects, and polydactyly. Polydactyly is found predominantly in the right rear paw, occasionally in the left front paw and rarely in the left rear or right front paws. Approximately 50-60% of the heterozygotes have a reduction in pupillary light reflex in one or both eyes due to an underlying optic nerve atrophy. Ontological studies showed a delay in the developmental fusion of the optic fissure, a disruption of the retinal layers by embryonic day 15, and smaller optic nerves, and abnormal retinal morphology at postnatal day 0. BrdU labeling revealed a temporary delay of cellular differentiation in the neural retina at embryonic day 10.5. After seven months of age, 19% of heterozygotes have focal, nonrhegmatogenous, retinal detachment accompanied by subretinal neovascularization. Thus, this strain offers a model for human optic atrophy and age-related subretinal neovascularization. (Smith et al., 2000; Tang et al., 1999; Rice et al., 1997; Rice et al., 1995; Harris et al., 1989; Epstein et al., 1986; Southard and Eicher, 1977).

Control Information

  Control
   Wild-type from the colony
 
  Considerations for Choosing Controls

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms
      assigned by genotype

Rpl24Bst/Rpl24+

        C57BLKS
  • pigmentation phenotype
  • belly spot (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
    • white belly spot
  • vision/eye phenotype
  • abnormal eye morphology (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
    • abnormal choroid morphology (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
      • choroid blood vessels extend into subretinal spaces resulting in subretinal neovascularization
    • abnormal eye development (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
      • at birth affected heterozygotes have abnormal neural retina, buckled in severe cases, the optic nerves are smaller than normal and contain fewer axons, and the ganglion cell layer is thinner, with an increase in the number of dying cells
      • at embryonic day 12 the development of the optic fissure is delayed and the layers of the retina are often disrupted
      • abnormal optic cup morphology (MGI Ref ID J:53381)
        • beginning at embryonic day 10.5 and persisting through embryonic day 13.5 the optic cup is 60 um more shallow than that of wildtype siblings
      • abnormal retinal progenitor morphology (MGI Ref ID J:53381)
        • delay in the closure of the optic fissure, with less than half of the heterozygous retinas being fused by embryonic day 13.5 when this process is completed in wildtype siblings
        • beginning at embryonic day 11.5 there is a sparsely cellularized layer formed on the vitreal surface of the dorsal retina
        • although the proliferation index is normal and cell death in the neuroal retina is normal, BrdU labeling of embyronic day 10.5 shows that there is a delay in exit from the cell cycle in cells of the developing retina
      • coloboma (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
        • optic nerve colobomas range from mild loss of nerve fibers on the surface of the optic cup to complete absence of the nerve and severe abnormalities of the peripapillary nerual retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid
      • persistence of hyaloid capillary system (MGI Ref ID J:60921)
        • large hyaloid vessels are present at up to 22 months of age and come from the optic nerve, not the sensory retina
    • abnormal optic nerve morphology (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
      • variable expressivity in the optic nerve phenotype such that heterozygotes can have optic nerves that are normal, small or missing on one side, or completely absent from both sides
      • absent optic nerve (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
        • 23 of 28 heterozygotes with diminished pupillary light response lack an optic nerve
      • optic nerve hypoplasia (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
        • the optic nerves associated with reduced pupullary light response are smaller than normal, have degenerating fibers, and fewer ganglion cell axons than normal. Despite this, the ipsilateral population of ganglion cells is overrepresented in affected heterozygotes
        • the optic nerves in heterozygotes with normal pupillary light response have fewer axons on average than those of wild-type controls
    • abnormal retina morphology (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
      • incomplete expressivity in abnormalities of the retinal morphology leaves some heterozygous adults with normal retinas and the severely affected having distorted organization of the neural retina, particularly the optic disc area, with the inner and outer nuclear layers distorted into folds, rosettes, or colobomas
      • after 7 months of age retinal detachment, subretinal macrophages, and subretinal neovascularization are found
      • retinal folds and small patches of retinal thinning are common and in 21% of affected heterozygotes small patches of retinal dysplasia are found close to the optic nerve or in the peripheral retina
      • abnormal retinal neuronal layer morphology (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
        • abnormal retinal ganglion layer morphology (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
          • fewer than normal numbers noted by E10.5
          • misrouted axons
          • in the most severely affected heterozygous adults the ganglion cell layer has few cells and these may not be ganglion cells
          • an increase in ectopic ipsilaterally projecting ganglion cells, outside of the ventrotemporal part of the retina, is found in heterozygotes with a small optic nerve
          • thin retinal ganglion layer (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
        • abnormal retinal inner plexiform layer morphology (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
          • reduced in thickness
        • disorganized retinal inner nuclear layer (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
        • disorganized retinal outer nuclear layer (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
        • thin retinal inner nuclear layer (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
          • in the most severely affected heterozygotes
      • abnormal retinal vasculature (MGI Ref ID J:60921)
        • subretinal neovascularization with submacular hemorrhage and fibrosis is found and accompanies most instances of retinal degeneration in these heterozygotes
      • retina hypoplasia (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
        • surface area of the retina is 10% snmaller, on average, in affected heterozygotes
      • retinal detachment (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
        • retinal detachment occurs in 80% of mice older than 7 months of age
        • localized, posterior pole, nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment is found and is usually temporal to the optic nerve
    • asymmetrical orbits (MGI Ref ID J:53381)
      • at embryonic day 10.5 approximately 25% of heterozygotes have size disparities between the eyes
    • cataracts (MGI Ref ID J:60921)
      • anterior and posterior subcapsular and cortical cataracts are present in a minority of affected heterozygotes
  • impaired pupillary reflex (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
    • direct pupilary light response is weak or absent in approximately 60% of heterozygotes with a third of these having a bilateral deficit and the remainder only a unilateral deficit
    • detectable as soon as the eyelids open
  • growth/size phenotype
  • decreased body size (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
    • some animals have reduced body size
    • decreased body weight (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
      • mutants are 20% smaller than wild-type littermates and this persists into adulthood
  • reduced embryo size (MGI Ref ID J:53381)
    • at embryonic day 9.5 approximately one third of the embryos from wildtype x heterozygous matings are visiblyh smaller than normal
    • at embryonic day 10.5 approximately 60% of embryos from wildtype x heterozygous matings are normal size and the remainder are either small, defined as <4mm crown to rump length, or diminutive, defined as <3.5mm crown to rump length, with most of the cells in the diminutive embryos being apoptotic according to TUNEL staining
    • at embryonic day 11.5 short tailed embryos are 5.9mm instead of the wildtype 6.3mm
    • at embryonic day 12.5 short tailed embryos are 8.1mm instead of the wildtype 8.9mm
    • at embryonic day 13.5 short tailed embryos are 9.8mm instead of the wildtype 10.6mm
  • limbs/digits/tail phenotype
  • abnormal paw/hand/foot morphology (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
    • white feet
    • abnormal digit morphology (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
      • triphalangeal first digit and and extra preaxial digit are often found
      • polydactyly (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
        • expression depends on genetic background
        • first seen at embryonic day 13.5, principally on the right rear paw
  • caudal vertebral fusion (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
    • mutants can have fused or wedge-shaped hemivertebrae at the sites of tail kinks
  • decreased caudal vertebrae number (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
    • mutants have fewer caudal vertebrae
  • kinked tail (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
    • kinks found as early as embryonic day 12.5
  • short tail (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
    • first evident at embryonic day 11.5
  • skeleton phenotype
  • abnormal vertebral column (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
    • spine abnormalities
    • caudal vertebral fusion (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
      • mutants can have fused or wedge-shaped hemivertebrae at the sites of tail kinks
    • decreased caudal vertebrae number (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
      • mutants have fewer caudal vertebrae
    • increased lumbar vertebrae number (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
      • mutants have six lumbar vertebrae instead of the wild-type five
  • malocclusion (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
  • skin/coat/nails phenotype
  • belly spot (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
    • white belly spot
  • craniofacial phenotype
  • malocclusion (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
  • nervous system phenotype
  • abnormal optic nerve morphology (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
    • variable expressivity in the optic nerve phenotype such that heterozygotes can have optic nerves that are normal, small or missing on one side, or completely absent from both sides
    • absent optic nerve (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
      • 23 of 28 heterozygotes with diminished pupillary light response lack an optic nerve
    • optic nerve hypoplasia (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
      • the optic nerves associated with reduced pupullary light response are smaller than normal, have degenerating fibers, and fewer ganglion cell axons than normal. Despite this, the ipsilateral population of ganglion cells is overrepresented in affected heterozygotes
      • the optic nerves in heterozygotes with normal pupillary light response have fewer axons on average than those of wild-type controls
  • exencephaly (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
    • in approximately 30% of heterozygotes
    • found by embronic day 11.5
  • behavior/neurological phenotype
  • impaired pupillary reflex (MGI Ref ID J:43133)
    • direct pupilary light response is weak or absent in approximately 60% of heterozygotes with a third of these having a bilateral deficit and the remainder only a unilateral deficit
    • detectable as soon as the eyelids open
  • lethality-prenatal/perinatal
  • prenatal lethality (MGI Ref ID J:28035)
    • smaller litter size likely due to in utero death on the C57BLKS background compared with a mixed background of AKR and C57BLKS
    • embryonic lethality (MGI Ref ID J:53381)
      • at embryonic day 11.5 only one quarter to one third of embryos from wildtype x heterozygous matings are mutant
  • cellular phenotype
  • abnormal cell physiology (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
    • pulse labeling shows impaired ribosome biogenesis, particularly of the 28S rRNA
    • abnormal cell cycle (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
      • embryonic fibroblast cultures have a slower doubling time, decreased ratio of G1 to S phase, and an increased length of G1 after serum stimulation
  • cardiovascular system phenotype
  • abnormal retinal vasculature (MGI Ref ID J:60921)
    • subretinal neovascularization with submacular hemorrhage and fibrosis is found and accompanies most instances of retinal degeneration in these heterozygotes
  • pathological neovascularization (MGI Ref ID J:60921)
  • embryogenesis phenotype
  • reduced embryo size (MGI Ref ID J:53381)
    • at embryonic day 9.5 approximately one third of the embryos from wildtype x heterozygous matings are visiblyh smaller than normal
    • at embryonic day 10.5 approximately 60% of embryos from wildtype x heterozygous matings are normal size and the remainder are either small, defined as <4mm crown to rump length, or diminutive, defined as <3.5mm crown to rump length, with most of the cells in the diminutive embryos being apoptotic according to TUNEL staining
    • at embryonic day 11.5 short tailed embryos are 5.9mm instead of the wildtype 6.3mm
    • at embryonic day 12.5 short tailed embryos are 8.1mm instead of the wildtype 8.9mm
    • at embryonic day 13.5 short tailed embryos are 9.8mm instead of the wildtype 10.6mm

Rpl24Bst/Rpl24Bst

        C57BLKS
  • lethality-prenatal/perinatal
  • prenatal lethality (MGI Ref ID J:13703)
    • embryonic lethality (MGI Ref ID J:92052)
      • homozygotes die before embryonic day 9.5
View Research Applications

Research Applications
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Rpl24Bst related

Dermatology Research
Color and White Spotting Defects

Developmental Biology Research
Embryonic Lethality (Homozygous)
Eye Defects
Growth Defects
Neurodevelopmental Defects
Skeletal Defects

Neurobiology Research
Neurodevelopmental Defects

Research Tools
Developmental Biology Research
Neurobiology Research

Sensorineural Research
Eye Defects (autosomal dominant optic atrophy ADOA)
Eye Defects
Retinal Degeneration

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

 
Allele Symbol Rpl24Bst
Allele Name belly spot and tail
Allele Type Spontaneous
Strain of OriginC57BLKS/J
Gene Symbol and Name Rpl24, ribosomal protein L24
Chromosome 16
Gene Common Name(s) 0610008L05Rik; Bst; RIKEN cDNA 0610008L05 gene; belly spot and tail;
General Note In about 50% of Rpl24Bst/+ heterozygotes, there is a failure of pupillary reflex response to light, accompanied by atrophy of the optic nerve in one or both eyes. The atrophy is highly variable, ranging from a loss of some optic ganglion cellaxons in one eye to complete loss of both optic nerves. The phenotype closely resembles that of human juvenile optic atrophy (OMIM 165500), and Rpl24 maps to a region of Chr 16 homologous to human Chr 3q, where the gene for juvenile optic atrophy is located (J:28035).
Molecular Note A 4 bp deletion disrupts the first intron branchpoint and causes abnormal splicing with retention of intron 1. The deletion removes a critical adenosine that reacts to form the lariat intermediate. PCR indicated that this is a hypomorphic allele where heterozygotes have approximately 60% of normal transcript levels and homozygotes have 20%. [MGI Ref ID J:92052]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

This strain will not have a genotyping protocol or one is not currently available.

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Additional References

Aijaz S; Erskine L; Jeffery G; Bhattacharya SS; Votruba M. 2004. Developmental expression profile of the optic atrophy gene product: OPA1 is not localized exclusively in the mammalian retinal ganglion cell layer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45(6):1667-73. [PubMed: 15161824]  [MGI Ref ID J:92284]

Delettre C; Lenaers G; Belenguer P; Hamel CP. 2003. Gene structure and chromosomal localization of mouse Opa1 : its exclusion from the Bst locus. BMC Genet 4(1):8. [PubMed: 12735796]  [MGI Ref ID J:83833]

Epstein R; Davisson M; Lehmann K; Akeson EC; Cohn M. 1986. Position of Igl-1, md, and Bst loci on chromosome 16 of the mouse. Immunogenetics 23(2):78-83. [PubMed: 3082752]  [MGI Ref ID J:8234]

Rice DS; Tang Q; Williams RW; Harris BS; Davisson MT; Goldowitz D. 1997. Decreased retinal ganglion cell number and misdirected axon growth associated with fissure defects in Bst/+ mutant mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38(10):2112-24. [PubMed: 9331275]  [MGI Ref ID J:43133]

Rice DS; Williams RW; Ward-Bailey P; Johnson KR; Harris BS; Davisson MT; Goldowitz D. 1995. Mapping the Bst mutation on mouse chromosome 16: a model for human optic atrophy. Mamm Genome 6(8):546-8. [PubMed: 8589526]  [MGI Ref ID J:28035]

Tang Q; Rice DS; Goldowitz D. 1999. Disrupted retinal development in the embryonic belly spot and tail mutant mouse. Dev Biol 207(1):239-55. [PubMed: 10049578]  [MGI Ref ID J:53381]

Rpl24Bst related

Aijaz S; Erskine L; Jeffery G; Bhattacharya SS; Votruba M. 2004. Developmental expression profile of the optic atrophy gene product: OPA1 is not localized exclusively in the mammalian retinal ganglion cell layer. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 45(6):1667-73. [PubMed: 15161824]  [MGI Ref ID J:92284]

Epstein R; Davisson M; Lehmann K; Akeson EC; Cohn M. 1986. Position of Igl-1, md, and Bst loci on chromosome 16 of the mouse. Immunogenetics 23(2):78-83. [PubMed: 3082752]  [MGI Ref ID J:8234]

Oliver ER; Saunders TL; Tarle SA; Glaser T. 2004. Ribosomal protein L24 defect in belly spot and tail (Bst), a mouse Minute. Development 131(16):3907-20. [PubMed: 15289434]  [MGI Ref ID J:92052]

Rice DS; Tang Q; Williams RW; Harris BS; Davisson MT; Goldowitz D. 1997. Decreased retinal ganglion cell number and misdirected axon growth associated with fissure defects in Bst/+ mutant mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 38(10):2112-24. [PubMed: 9331275]  [MGI Ref ID J:43133]

Rice DS; Williams RW; Ward-Bailey P; Johnson KR; Harris BS; Davisson MT; Goldowitz D. 1995. Mapping the Bst mutation on mouse chromosome 16: a model for human optic atrophy. Mamm Genome 6(8):546-8. [PubMed: 8589526]  [MGI Ref ID J:28035]

Silvers WK. 1979. The Coat Colors of Mice; A Model for Mammalian Gene Action and Interaction. In: The Coat Colors of Mice. Springer-Verlag, New York.  [MGI Ref ID J:78801]

Smith RS; John SW; Zabeleta A; Davisson MT; Hawes NL; Chang B. 2000. The bst locus on mouse chromosome 16 is associated with age-related subretinal neovascularization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(5):2191-5. [PubMed: 10681427]  [MGI Ref ID J:60921]

Southard JL; Eicher EM. 1977. Bst. Mouse News Lett 56:40.  [MGI Ref ID J:13703]

Tang Q; Rice DS; Goldowitz D. 1999. Disrupted retinal development in the embryonic belly spot and tail mutant mouse. Dev Biol 207(1):239-55. [PubMed: 10049578]  [MGI Ref ID J:53381]

Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Room Number           A1

Colony Maintenance

Mating SystemHeterozygote x +/+ sibling         (Female x Male)

Purchasing information

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions

Pricing

Pricing for USA, Canada and Mexico shipping destinations View International pricing
Weeks of AgePrice (US dollars $)GenderGenotypes Provided
Individual Mouse Price $127.90Female or MaleHeterozygous for Rpl24Bst
Pairs /Price (US dollars $)Pair Genotype
$180.15Heterozygous for Rpl24Bst x Wild-type for Rpl24Bst

Additional Supply Details

Pricing for International shipping destinations View USA Canada and Mexico pricing
Weeks of AgePrice (US dollars $)GenderGenotypes Provided
Individual Mouse Price $166.30Female or MaleHeterozygous for Rpl24Bst
Pairs /Price (US dollars $)Pair Genotype
$234.20Heterozygous for Rpl24Bst x Wild-type for Rpl24Bst

Additional Supply Details

Supply Details

Standard SupplyRepository-Live. A collection of over 1000 strains maintained as live colonies. Individual colonies are sized to meet current customer demand. Delivery for orders of 10 mice or less ranges on average from one to eight weeks; mice are generally shipped between four to six weeks of age with a maximum shipping age of ~nine weeks. Colony sizes do not generally support stringent age specifications for large volumes of mice; however custom orders and larger quantities of mice are easily arranged. Estimated ship dates for all orders provided within 48 hours of order placement.
Supply Notes

Control Information

  Control
   Wild-type from the colony
 
  Considerations for Choosing Controls
  USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
  International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.

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