Description

The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.

Strain Information

Type Coisogenic; Mutant Strain; Spontaneous Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Species laboratory mouse

Appearance
dilute brown
Related Genotype: a/a, Myo5^d/Myo5^d, Tyrp1^b/Tyrp1^b

Control Information

	Control
	Heterozygote from the colony
	000671 DBA/2J
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying other alleles of Grid2

000593	B6 x B6CBCa Aw-J/A-Grid2Lc T(2;6)7Ca MitfMi-wh/J
002440	B6 x BALB/cByJ-Grid2Lc-J/J
001046	B6CBACa Aw-J/A-Grid2Lc/J
005447	C57BL/6J-Grid2ho-16J/J
005718	C57BL/6J-Grid2ho-17J/J
000527	C57BL/6J-Grid2ho-5J/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Grid2     (6 strains)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGI

      assigned by genotype

Grid2^ho-4J/Grid2^ho-4J

        DBA/2J-Grid2^ho-4J/J

• hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
• reduced linear vestibular evoked potential
  • elevated threshold and reduced amplitudes   (MGI Ref ID J:116914)
• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal locomotor coordination
  • tapping of the hindpaws; phenotype is much less severe than in Grid2^ho-Nancy mice   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
  • mutants exhibit increased stumbling frequency in a motor coordination test   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
• • ataxia   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
• abnormal motor learning   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
  • mice fail to improve performance in rotating rod trials in contrast to wild-type animals   (MGI Ref ID J:137190)
• impaired balance
  • in a non-rotating rod test, equilibrium times of mutants are lower than controls in the first trial, but not the 2nd or 3rd trial   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
• impaired coordination
  • mutants exhibit poor performance in a motor training test with a rotarod, and are unable to improve their performance   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
• cellular phenotype
• abnormal mitochondrion morphology
  • mitochondria lengths in Purkinje cells are 1.3-1.6 um, compared to lengths of 0.8-1.0 um in wild-type animals   (MGI Ref ID J:137190)
  • often, points where mitochondria become constricted are observed in mutants but not in wild-type mitochondria, suggestive of impaired fission   (MGI Ref ID J:137190)
• nervous system phenotype
• abnormal CNS synapse formation
  • mismatching between the length of the presynaptic active zones, in parallel fiber varicosities, and the postsynaptic differentiations in Purkinje cell dendritic spines   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
• abnormal Purkinje cell innervation
  • although most Purkinje cells are innervated by a single climbing fiber, about 19-20% of cells show innervation by more than one climbing fiber   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
• abnormal cerebellar cortex morphology
  • numerous clusters of naked spines are located in the molecular layer around secondary branches and spiny branchlets of Purkinje cell dendrites   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
• • abnormal Purkinje cell dendrite morphology
    • Purkinje cell dendrites have ectopic spines, some of which are naked and bore very long postsynaptic differentiations directly apposed to astrocytic processes   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
    • occasional appositions between a Purkinje cell dendritic spine and two parallel fiber varicosities   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)
  • abnormal cerebellar granule layer
    • some granule cell pyknotic nuclei in the granule cell layer   (MGI Ref ID J:82371)

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Grid2^ho-4J related

Neurobiology Research
Ataxia (Movement) Defects
Cerebellar Defects
Receptor Defects
      glutamate receptor: ionotropic

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI

Allele Symbol		Grid2ho-4J
Allele Name		hotfoot 4 Jackson
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Strain of Origin		DBA/2J
Gene Symbol and Name		Grid2, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2
Chromosome		6
Gene Common Name(s)		B230104L07Rik; GluD2; GluRdelta2; Lc; LcJ; RIKEN cDNA B230104L07 gene; cpr; creeper; ho; hotfoot; lurcher; lurcher Jackson; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 408; nmf408; tapdancer; tpr;
Molecular Note		Exons 5-8 are deleted which results in a 170 amino acid loss in the N-terminal LIVBP-like domain. [MGI Ref ID J:48151] [MGI Ref ID J:84411]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References provided by MGI

Additional References

Draski LJ; Nash DJ; Gerhardt GA. 1994. CNS monoamine levels and motoric behaviors in the hotfoot ataxic mutant. Brain Res 645(1-2):69-77. [PubMed: 7914819]  [MGI Ref ID J:18056]

Lalouette A; Christians E; Guenet JL; Vriz S. 1997. Construction of a high-resolution genetic map encompassing the hotfoot locus. Mamm Genome 8(12):903-6. [PubMed: 9383282]  [MGI Ref ID J:44452]

Lalouette A; Lohof A; Sotelo C; Guenet J; Mariani J. 2001. Neurobiological effects of a null mutation depend on genetic context: comparison between two hotfoot alleles of the delta-2 ionotropic glutamate receptor. Neuroscience 105(2):443-55. [PubMed: 11672610]  [MGI Ref ID J:82371]

Grid2^ho-4J related

Dickie MM. 1966. Hotfoot Mouse News Lett 34:30.  [MGI Ref ID J:13443]

Jones SM; Johnson KR; Yu H; Erway LC; Alagramam KN; Pollak N; Jones TA. 2005. A quantitative survey of gravity receptor function in mutant mouse strains. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 6(4):297-310. [PubMed: 16235133]  [MGI Ref ID J:116914]

Kato AS; Knierman MD; Siuda ER; Isaac JT; Nisenbaum ES; Bredt DS. 2012. Glutamate receptor delta2 associates with metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1), protein kinase Cgamma, and canonical transient receptor potential 3 and regulates mGluR1-mediated synaptic transmission in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. J Neurosci 32(44):15296-308. [PubMed: 23115168]  [MGI Ref ID J:192293]

Lalonde R; Strazielle C. 2007. Spontaneous and induced mouse mutations with cerebellar dysfunctions: behavior and neurochemistry. Brain Res 1140:51-74. [PubMed: 16499884]  [MGI Ref ID J:120621]

Lalouette A; Christians E; Guenet JL; Vriz S. 1997. Construction of a high-resolution genetic map encompassing the hotfoot locus. Mamm Genome 8(12):903-6. [PubMed: 9383282]  [MGI Ref ID J:44452]

Lalouette A; Guenet JL; Vriz S. 1998. Hotfoot mouse mutations affect the delta2 glutamate receptor gene and are allelic to lurcher Genomics 50(1):9-13. [PubMed: 9628817]  [MGI Ref ID J:48151]

Lalouette A; Lohof A; Sotelo C; Guenet J; Mariani J. 2001. Neurobiological effects of a null mutation depend on genetic context: comparison between two hotfoot alleles of the delta-2 ionotropic glutamate receptor. Neuroscience 105(2):443-55. [PubMed: 11672610]  [MGI Ref ID J:82371]

Liu QA; Shio H. 2008. Mitochondrial morphogenesis, dendrite development, and synapse formation in cerebellum require both Bcl-w and the glutamate receptor delta2. PLoS Genet 4(6):e1000097. [PubMed: 18551174]  [MGI Ref ID J:137190]

Lutz C; Frankel W. 1994. Remutation - Grid2<ho-8J> Mouse Genome 92(2):355.  [MGI Ref ID J:155927]

Matsuda S; Yuzaki M. 2002. Mutation in hotfoot-4J mice results in retention of delta2 glutamate receptors in ER. Eur J Neurosci 16(8):1507-16. [PubMed: 12405964]  [MGI Ref ID J:107991]

The Jackson Laboratory Office of Genetic Resources. 1975. Registry of Remutations at The Jackson Laboratory MGI Direct Data Submission :.  [MGI Ref ID J:155928]

Wang Y; Matsuda S; Drews V; Torashima T; Meisler MH; Yuzaki M. 2003. A hot spot for hotfoot mutations in the gene encoding the delta2 glutamate receptor. Eur J Neurosci 17(8):1581-90. [PubMed: 12752376]  [MGI Ref ID J:84411]

Health & husbandry

The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Production of mice from cryopreserved embryos or sperm occurs in a maximum barrier room, G200.

Colony Maintenance

Breeding & Husbandry	Females homozygous for Grid2ho-4J tend to be poor breeders. Males homozygous for Grid2ho-4J are fertile although males of the original Grid2ho mutation are sterile.

Pricing and Purchasing

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls

General Supply Notes

• View the complete collection of spontaneous mutants in the Mouse Mutant Resource.
• Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

Control Information

	Control
	Heterozygote from the colony
	000671 DBA/2J
Considerations for Choosing Controls
Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.

Payment Terms and Conditions

Terms are granted by individual review and stated on the customer invoice(s) and account statement. These transactions are payable in U.S. currency within the granted terms. Payment for services, products, shipping containers, and shipping costs that are rendered are expected within the payment terms indicated on the invoice or stated by contract. Invoices and account balances in arrears of stated terms may result in The Jackson Laboratory pursuing collection activities including but not limited to outside agencies and court filings.

See Terms of Use tab for General Terms and Conditions

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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