Description

Strain Information

Type Mutant Stock; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Species laboratory mouse Generation ?+F17 (12-NOV-09)

Description
Mice homozygous for the Snell's waltzer spontaneous mutation (Myo6^sv) show to a marked degree the typical circling, head-tossing, deafness, and hyperactivity of other mutant mice of this type. Homozygous mutant mice are recognizable by the age of 1 week. The abnormalities of the inner ear consist of degeneration of the entire neuroepithelium comprising the organ of Corti, the saccular and utricular maculae, and the cristae of all three semicircular canals. Although viability of homozygotes is nearly normal, breeding ability is reduced and males are more reliable breeders than females.

Specific cytoskeletal components are critical for specific cellular structures. The microvilli of intestinal brush border cells in Myo6^sv homozygotes are shorter than normal. While myosin 6 is not critical for the development of hair cell stereocilia, it is essential for their maintenance. At birth the stereocilia appear nearly normal with only occasional stereocilia showing early signs of fusion at their bases, but by 3 days of age most hair cells appear disorganized with full fusing of steriocilia. Continued degeneration yields giant stereocilia by 20 days of age and degeneration of the inner and outer hair cells in the organ of Corti by 6 weeks of age. Reissner's membrane, the stria vascularis, and the spiral ganglion appear normal. At 20 or 30 days of age, direct cochlear stimulation failed to elicit a compound action potential or cochlear microphonic response indicating deafness in Myo6^sv homozygotes. A mutation in human MYO6 has been associated with a nonsyndromic dominant form of deafness. (Deol and Green, 1966; Avraham et al., 1995; Self et al., 1999; Melchoinda et al., 2001; Buss et al., 2001.)

Although myosin 6 co-localization with clatherin-coated pits suggests a role in endocytosis, Self et al. reported uptake of the membrane dye FM1-43 by hair cells of 1 and 3 day old Myo6^sv mutant mice indicating that endocytosis by hair cells does not require MYO6. Fibroblast cell lines from mice homozygous for the Myo6^sv mutation have a 40% reduction in the level of trans-Golgi network secretion to the plasma membrane paralleling a 40% reduction in Golgi volume. Additionally, the mutant Golgi complexes are smaller and more fragmented than normal. Transfection of fibroblasts from Myo6^sv homozygotes with full length myosin 6 returns the Golgi morphology and secretion to normal. (Self et al., 1999; Warner et al., 2003.) In addition to cochlear defects, homozygous mice exhibit a significant reduction in the amplitude of a and b waves as measured by electroretinogram, although there is no photoreceptor cell loss. (Kitamoto et al., 2005)

The Snell's waltzer mutation is maintained in repulsion with the closely linked short ear mutation (Bmp^se), both located on Chromosome 9.

Development
The chinchilla (Tyr^c-ch) mutation arose spontaneously in the 1920's (Feldman H. W. 1922 Am. Nat. 56:573-574). Short ear (Bmp5^se) arose spontaneously in mice obtained from a commercial breeder about 1921 (Lynch C.H. 1921 Am. Nat. 55:421-426). The Snell's waltzer (Myo6^sv) mutation was found in the B10.HA(33NX) stock of Dr. G.D. Snell at the Jackson Laboratory in the late 1950s. In 1959 an Myo6^sv/Myo6^sv mouse was crossed to the SEC/1 strain of Dr. M. C. Green. The genotype of SEC/1 was a/a Tyrp1^b/Tyrp1^b Tyr^c-ch/Tyr^c-ch Bmp5^se/+. A very close linkage was found between Bmp5^se and Myo6^sv and the two loci were maintained in repulsion. The stock was inbred as Tyr^c-ch/Tyr^c-ch Bmp5^se +/+ Myo6^sv and was cryopreserved in 1983 by crossing C57BL/6J females to Tyr^c-ch/Tyr^c-ch Bmp5^se +/+ Myo6^sv at F67 to generate embryos.

Control Information

	Control
	? +/+ ? untested from colony
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Bmp5^se allele

000004	ABP/LeJ
000056	B6.Cg-Bmp5se/J
000285	B6.Cg-Rorasg + +/+ Myo5ad Bmp5se/J
000253	DLS/LeJ
000644	SEA/GnJ
000270	SEC/1GnLeJ

View Strains carrying   Bmp5^se     (6 strains)

Strains carrying   Tyr^c-ch allele

000091	129T1/Sv-Oca2+ Tyrc-ch Dnd1Ter/J
001279	129T1/Sv-Oca2+ Tyrc-ch-Aft/J
000619	FS/EiJ
004828	FVB.129P2-Pde6b+ Tyrc-ch/AntJ
000271	SH1/LeJ
000306	STOCK Dll3pu + Tyrc-ch/+ Oca2p Tyrc-ch/J

View Strains carrying   Tyr^c-ch     (6 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Bmp5

001496	B6(Cg)-Bmp5se-4J/J
005348	BALB/cByJ Agtpbp1pcd-3J-Bmp5cfe-se6J/GrsrJ
005420	C;129S7 Gt(ROSA)26Sor-Bmp5cfe-se7J/J
005421	CBy;B6-Bmp5cfe-se8J/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Bmp5     (4 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Myo6

006124	B6.Cg-Myo6sv-2J/J
005749	C57BL/6J-Myo6sv-3J/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Myo6     (2 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Tyr

000090	129S1/Sv-Oca2+ Tyr+ KitlSl-J/J
005445	A.B6 Tyr+-Cybanmf333/J
005012	A.B6 Tyr+-Myo5ad-l31J/J
002565	A.B6-Tyr+/J
001017	AKXD10/TyJ
000765	AKXD13/TyJ
000954	AKXD15/TyJ
000958	AKXD16/TyJ
001093	AKXD18/TyJ
001062	AKXD21/TyJ
000947	AKXD22/TyJ
000969	AKXD24/TyJ
000777	AKXD6/TyJ
000763	AKXD9/TyJ
000409	B10.129P-H1b Hbbd Tyrc Ea7a/(5M)oSnJ
000418	B10.129P-H1b Tyrc Hbbd/(5M)nSnJ
000432	B10.C-H1b Hbbd Tyrc/(41N)SnJ
000580	B10.D2/nSn-Tyrc-4J/J
000822	B6 x 129S1/SvEi Oca2+ Tyr+-Vsx2or-J/J
000058	B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J/J
000383	B6.C-Tyrc H1b Hbbd/ByJ
007484	B6.Cg-Tyrc-2J Tg(Tyr)3412ARpw Tg(Sry-EGFP)92Ei/EiJ
000035	B6.Cg-Tyrc-J/J
000104	B6.Cg-Tyrc-h/J
000054	B6.D2-Tyrc-p/J
000899	C.B6-Tyr+ Hbbs/J
000339	C3H/HeJ-Tyrc-9J/J
001294	C3H/HeJ-Tyrc-a/J
001002	C57BL/10SnJ-Tyrc-11J/J
001006	CBA/J-Tyrc-10J/J
000657	CE/J
007483	FVB.Cg-Tg(Tyr)3412ARpw Tg(Sry-EGFP)92Ei/EiJ
000494	J.Cg-Oca2+ Tyr+ Lystbg/J
002281	NFS.C58-Tyr+/J
004304	NOD.CBALs-Tyr+/LtJ
005115	NOD.FVB-Tg(INS-MT2A,Tyr)1Pne/PneJ
005114	NOD.FVB-Tg(Ins1-Cat,Tyr)25Pne/PneJ
001759	STOCK A Tyrc Sha/J
000006	STOCK Hk Tyrc/J
000206	STOCK a/a Tyrc-h/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Tyr     (40 strains)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

	Deafness, Autosomal Dominant 22; DFNA22 - Models with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs.1
	Deafness, Autosomal Recessive 37; DFNB37 - Models with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs.1
	Ear, Patella, Short Stature Syndrome - 5

1 Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of those genes appear in the mouse genotype(s). 5 Conditionally targeted allele(s)

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms

      assigned by genotype

Myo6^sv/Myo6⁺

        B6 x STOCK Tyr^c-ch Bmp5^se +/+ Myo6^sv/J

• hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
• reduced linear vestibular evoked potential (MGI Ref ID J:116914)
  • elevated threshold and reduced amplitudes

Myo6^sv/Myo6^sv

        B6 x STOCK Tyr^c-ch Bmp5^se +/+ Myo6^sv/J

• hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
• absent linear vestibular evoked potential (MGI Ref ID J:116914)
  • VESPs are absent at the maximum stimulus intensity used
• circling (MGI Ref ID J:116914)
• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal reflex (MGI Ref ID J:116914)
  • abnormal drop reflex; mice do not demonstrate expected dorsoflexion and spread out the front paws when quickly lowered from ~20 cm above a table surface, while controls do exhibit this behavior
• circling (MGI Ref ID J:116914)
• impaired swimming (MGI Ref ID J:116914)
  • mice exhibit poor swimming ability; mice can not maneuver in the water and can not remain at the surface

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Bmp5^se/Bmp5^se

        SEC/Gn

• skeleton phenotype
• abnormal cartilage development (MGI Ref ID J:13011)
  • cartilage forms more slowly in healing rib fractures
• abnormal osteogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:13011)
  • reduced rate of proliferation of osteogenic cells of the periosteum in healing rib fractures

Bmp5^se/Bmp5^se

        SEC/1Gn

• skeleton phenotype
• abnormal cartilage development (MGI Ref ID J:13011)
  • cartilage forms more slowly in healing rib fractures
• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal artery morphology (MGI Ref ID J:5086)
  • the right renal artery lies ventral to the posterior vena cava rather than dorsal to it as in controls
• immune system phenotype
• granulomatous inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:5086)
  • granulomas are seen on the ventral surface of the central and left lateral lobes of the liver
• liver/biliary system phenotype
• abnormal liver morphology (MGI Ref ID J:5086)
  • increase in liver lesions, mainly due to an increase in granulomas
• respiratory system phenotype
• lung cysts (MGI Ref ID J:5086)
  • have numerous small cysts in the lungs

Myo6^sv/Myo6^sv

        involves: B10.HA/(33NX)Sn * C57BL/6J

• behavior/neurological phenotype
• hyperactivity (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
• stereotypic behavior (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
• circling (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • mutants can be identified by circling behavior
• head bobbing (MGI Ref ID J:134368)
  • mutants can be identified by head bobbing
• head tossing (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
• growth/size phenotype
• decreased body size (MGI Ref ID J:86379)
  • slightly reduced body size
• hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
• abnormal cochlear sensory epithelium morphology (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • in adults there was degeneration of the entire neuroepithelium in the inner ear
• cochlear hair cell degeneration (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • hair cell degeneration apparent by 3 weeks of age
• cochlear inner hair cell degeneration (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • by 6 weeks of age, inner hair cells in the organ of Corti were lost
• cochlear outer hair cell degeneration (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • by 6 weeks of age, outer hair cells in the organ of Corti were lost
• fused inner hair cell stereocilia (MGI Ref ID J:58030)
  • cochlear hair cells appear to start develop normally, but from around birth these arrays become progressively more disorganized and the stereocilia fuse
  • by 3 days after birth, practically all hair cells are affected, and stereocilia fusion is extensive
• fused outer hair cell stereocilia (MGI Ref ID J:58030)
  • cochlear hair cells appear to start develop normally, but from around birth these arrays become progressively more disorganized and the stereocilia fuse
  • by 3 days after birth, practically all hair cells are affected, and stereocilia fusion is extensive
• absent cochlear nerve compound action potential (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • no action potentials generated in the cochlear nerve by direct cochlear stimulation
• circling (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • mutants can be identified by circling behavior
• head bobbing (MGI Ref ID J:134368)
  • mutants can be identified by head bobbing
• head tossing (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
• organ of Corti degeneration (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • in adults
• reproductive system phenotype
• reduced fertility (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • both sexes were fertile but with reduced productivity
• nervous system phenotype
• absent cochlear nerve compound action potential (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • no action potentials generated in the cochlear nerve by direct cochlear stimulation
• cochlear hair cell degeneration (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • hair cell degeneration apparent by 3 weeks of age
• cochlear inner hair cell degeneration (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • by 6 weeks of age, inner hair cells in the organ of Corti were lost
• cochlear outer hair cell degeneration (MGI Ref ID J:29898)
  • by 6 weeks of age, outer hair cells in the organ of Corti were lost
• fused inner hair cell stereocilia (MGI Ref ID J:58030)
  • cochlear hair cells appear to start develop normally, but from around birth these arrays become progressively more disorganized and the stereocilia fuse
  • by 3 days after birth, practically all hair cells are affected, and stereocilia fusion is extensive
• fused outer hair cell stereocilia (MGI Ref ID J:58030)
  • cochlear hair cells appear to start develop normally, but from around birth these arrays become progressively more disorganized and the stereocilia fuse
  • by 3 days after birth, practically all hair cells are affected, and stereocilia fusion is extensive
• vision/eye phenotype
• *normal* vision/eye phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:134368)
  • retinal morphology appears normal; photoreceptor ultrastructure and photoreceptor counts in animals aged 224-303 days are not different from controls
• abnormal eye electrophysiology (MGI Ref ID J:134368)
  • in mutants 42-48 days old, a- and b-waves in electroretinogram are reduced in amplitude (25 and 30% respectively) compared to littermate controls
  • intensity-response curves are reduced in amplitude by 20% at flash intensities above 3.0 and 6.0 log units of attenuation for a- and b-waves, respectively000
  • amplitudes are similary reduced in mutants 254-257 days of age

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Bmp5^se related

Developmental Biology Research
Growth Defects
Skeletal Defects

Myo6^sv related

Cell Biology Research
Vesicular Trafficking

Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
deafness, autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural 22 (DFNA22)
deafness, autosomal recessive nonsyndromic sensorineural 37 (DFNB37)

Neurobiology Research
Vestibular and Hearing Defects

Sensorineural Research
Vestibular and Hearing Defects

Tyr^c-ch related

Dermatology Research
Color and White Spotting Defects

Developmental Biology Research
Neurodevelopmental Defects
Skeletal Defects

Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
albinism, tyrosine negative

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol		Bmp5se
Allele Name		short ear
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		seGnJ;
Strain of Origin		mice from Abbie Lathrop mouse farm
Gene Symbol and Name		Bmp5, bone morphogenetic protein 5
Chromosome		9
Gene Common Name(s)		AU023399; MGC34244; expressed sequence AU023399; se; short ear;
Molecular Note		The C to T transition creates a stop codon at amino acid 208. The resulting truncated protein does not include the carboxy terminal signaling portion of the molecule. [MGI Ref ID J:21484]
Allele Symbol		Myo6sv
Allele Name		Snell's waltzer
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		sv;
Strain of Origin		B10.HA/(33NX)Sn
Gene Symbol and Name		Myo6, myosin VI
Chromosome		9
Gene Common Name(s)		BC029719; DFNA22; DFNB37; KIAA0389; RGD1560646; Snell's waltzer; cDNA sequence BC029719; sv;
Molecular Note		On the basis of a series of southern blots, this mutation appears to involve a 1.1 kb intragenic deletion. Gene transcripts could be detected by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis of these transcripts identified a 150 bp deletion corresponding to nucleotides 2456-2585. The deletion results in a frame shift which introduces a stop codon at the beginning of the neck region. [MGI Ref ID J:29898]
Allele Symbol		Tyrc-ch
Allele Name		chinchilla
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		cch; cr;
Strain of Origin		fancier's stock
Gene Symbol and Name		Tyr, tyrosinase
Chromosome		7
Gene Common Name(s)		C; OCA1A; OCAIA; SHEP3; albino; c; skc35; skin/coat color 35;
Molecular Note		The mutation in the chinchilla allele was found to be a G to A point mutation that results in an amino acid change at position 464 from alanine to threonine. [MGI Ref ID J:19279]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

This strain will not have a genotyping protocol or one is not currently available.

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References

Additional References

Avraham KB; Hasson T; Sobe T; Balsara B; Testa JR; Skvorak AB ; Morton CC ; Copeland NG ; Jenkins NA. 1997. Characterization of unconventional MYO6, the human homologue of the gene responsible for deafness in Snell's waltzer mice. Hum Mol Genet 6(8):1225-31. [PubMed: 9259267]  [MGI Ref ID J:41970]

Deol MS; Green MC. 1966. Snell's waltzer, a new mutation affecting behaviour and the inner ear in the mouse. Genet Res 8(3):339-45. [PubMed: 5980120]  [MGI Ref ID J:5044]

Hasson T; Gillespie PG; Garcia JA; MacDonald RB; Zhao Y; Yee AG; Mooseker MS; Corey DP. 1997. Unconventional myosins in inner-ear sensory epithelia. J Cell Biol 137(6):1287-307. [PubMed: 9182663]  [MGI Ref ID J:44384]

Self T; Sobe T; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Avraham KB; Steel KP. 1999. Role of myosin VI in the differentiation of cochlear hair cells. Dev Biol 214(2):331-41. [PubMed: 10525338]  [MGI Ref ID J:58030]

Xiang M; Gao WQ; Hasson T; Shin JJ. 1998. Requirement for Brn-3c in maturation and survival, but not in fate determination of inner ear hair cells. Development 125(20):3935-46. [PubMed: 9735355]  [MGI Ref ID J:43752]

Bmp5^se related

GREEN MC. 1958. Effects of the short ear gene in the mouse on cartilage formation in healing bone fractures. J Exp Zool 137(1):75-88. [PubMed: 13563786]  [MGI Ref ID J:13011]

Green EL; Green MC. 1946. Effect of the short ear gene on number of ribs and presacral vertebrae in the house mouse Am Naturalist 80:619-25.  [MGI Ref ID J:100198]

Green EL; Green MC. 1942. The development of three manifestations of the short ear gene in the mouse J Morphol 70:1-19.  [MGI Ref ID J:15478]

Green MC. 1951. Further morphological effects of the short ear gene in the house mouse. J Morphol 88:1-22.  [MGI Ref ID J:13091]

Green MC. 1968. Mechanism of the pleiotropic effects of the short-ear mutant gene in the mouse. J Exp Zool 167(2):129-50. [PubMed: 5692092]  [MGI Ref ID J:5086]

Johnson DR. 1976. The interfrontal bone and mutant genes in the mouse. J Anat 121(3):507-13. [PubMed: 1018005]  [MGI Ref ID J:5776]

Jones JM; Huang JD; Mermall V; Hamilton BA; Mooseker MS; Escayg A; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Meisler MH. 2000. The mouse neurological mutant flailer expresses a novel hybrid gene derived by exon shuffling between Gnb5 and Myo5a. Hum Mol Genet 9(5):821-8. [PubMed: 10749990]  [MGI Ref ID J:61324]

Katagiri T; Boorla S; Frendo JL; Hogan BL; Karsenty G. 1998. Skeletal abnormalities in doubly heterozygous Bmp4 and Bmp7 mice. Dev Genet 22(4):340-8. [PubMed: 9664686]  [MGI Ref ID J:48538]

King JA; Marker PC; Seung KJ; Kingsley DM. 1994. BMP5 and the molecular, skeletal, and soft-tissue alterations in short ear mice. Dev Biol 166(1):112-22. [PubMed: 7958439]  [MGI Ref ID J:21484]

Lacombe D; Toutain A; Gorlin RJ; Oley CA; Battin J. 1994. Clinical identification of a human equivalent to the short ear (se) murine phenotype. Ann Genet 37(4):184-91. [PubMed: 7710253]  [MGI Ref ID J:24474]

Lynch CJ. 1921. Short ears, an autosomal mutation in the house mouse Am Naturalist 55:421-426.  [MGI Ref ID J:14849]

Nadeau JH. 2001. Modifier genes in mice and humans. Nat Rev Genet 2(3):165-74. [PubMed: 11256068]  [MGI Ref ID J:88013]

Pfendler KC; Yoon J; Taborn GU; Kuehn MR; Iannaccone PM. 2000. Nodal and bone morphogenetic protein 5 interact in murine mesoderm formation and implantation. Genesis 28(1):1-14. [PubMed: 11020711]  [MGI Ref ID J:65690]

Sloane JA; Vartanian TK. 2007. Myosin Va controls oligodendrocyte morphogenesis and myelination. J Neurosci 27(42):11366-75. [PubMed: 17942731]  [MGI Ref ID J:126066]

Solloway MJ; Dudley AT; Bikoff EK; Lyons KM; Hogan BL; Robertson EJ. 1998. Mice lacking Bmp6 function. Dev Genet 22(4):321-39. [PubMed: 9664685]  [MGI Ref ID J:48561]

Solloway MJ; Robertson EJ. 1999. Early embryonic lethality in Bmp5;Bmp7 double mutant mice suggests functional redundancy within the 60A subgroup. Development 126(8):1753-68. [PubMed: 10079236]  [MGI Ref ID J:53294]

Myo6^sv related

Avraham KB; Hasson T; Steel KP; Kingsley DM; Russell LB; Mooseker MS; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA. 1995. The mouse Snell's waltzer deafness gene encodes an unconventional myosin required for structural integrity of inner ear hair cells. Nat Genet 11(4):369-75. [PubMed: 7493015]  [MGI Ref ID J:29898]

Calderon A; Derr A; Stagner BB; Johnson KR; Martin G; Noben-Trauth K. 2006. Cochlear developmental defect and background-dependent hearing thresholds in the Jackson circler (jc) mutant mouse. Hear Res 221(1-2):44-58. [PubMed: 16962269]  [MGI Ref ID J:113021]

Green MC. 1960. New mutant - Snell's waltzer - sv Mouse News Lett 23:34.  [MGI Ref ID J:26342]

Heidrych P; Zimmermann U; Kuhn S; Franz C; Engel J; Duncker SV; Hirt B; Pusch CM; Ruth P; Pfister M; Marcotti W; Blin N; Knipper M. 2009. Otoferlin interacts with myosin VI: implications for maintenance of the basolateral synaptic structure of the inner hair cell. Hum Mol Genet 18(15):2779-90. [PubMed: 19417007]  [MGI Ref ID J:150214]

Jones SM; Johnson KR; Yu H; Erway LC; Alagramam KN; Pollak N; Jones TA. 2005. A quantitative survey of gravity receptor function in mutant mouse strains. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 6(4):297-310. [PubMed: 16235133]  [MGI Ref ID J:116914]

Karolyi IJ; Probst FJ; Beyer L; Odeh H; Dootz G; Cha KB; Martin DM; Avraham KB; Kohrman D; Dolan DF; Raphael Y; Camper SA. 2003. Myo15 function is distinct from Myo6, Myo7a and pirouette genes in development of cochlear stereocilia. Hum Mol Genet 12(21):2797-805. [PubMed: 12966030]  [MGI Ref ID J:86379]

Kitamoto J; Libby RT; Gibbs D; Steel KP; Williams DS. 2005. Myosin VI is required for normal retinal function. Exp Eye Res 81(1):116-20. [PubMed: 15978262]  [MGI Ref ID J:134368]

Lewis MA; Quint E; Glazier AM; Fuchs H; De Angelis MH; Langford C; van Dongen S; Abreu-Goodger C; Piipari M; Redshaw N; Dalmay T; Moreno-Pelayo MA; Enright AJ; Steel KP. 2009. An ENU-induced mutation of miR-96 associated with progressive hearing loss in mice. Nat Genet 41(5):614-8. [PubMed: 19363478]  [MGI Ref ID J:151354]

Naccache SN; Hasson T; Horowitz A. 2006. Binding of internalized receptors to the PDZ domain of GIPC/synectin recruits myosin VI to endocytic vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(34):12735-40. [PubMed: 16908842]  [MGI Ref ID J:112916]

Osterweil E; Wells DG; Mooseker MS. 2005. A role for myosin VI in postsynaptic structure and glutamate receptor endocytosis. J Cell Biol 168(2):329-38. [PubMed: 15657400]  [MGI Ref ID J:95877]

Roux I; Hosie S; Johnson SL; Bahloul A; Cayet N; Nouaille S; Kros CJ; Petit C; Safieddine S. 2009. Myosin VI is required for the proper maturation and function of inner hair cell ribbon synapses. Hum Mol Genet 18(23):4615-28. [PubMed: 19744958]  [MGI Ref ID J:153972]

Self T; Sobe T; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Avraham KB; Steel KP. 1999. Role of myosin VI in the differentiation of cochlear hair cells. Dev Biol 214(2):331-41. [PubMed: 10525338]  [MGI Ref ID J:58030]

Yano H; Ninan I; Zhang H; Milner TA; Arancio O; Chao MV. 2006. BDNF-mediated neurotransmission relies upon a myosin VI motor complex. Nat Neurosci 9(8):1009-18. [PubMed: 16819522]  [MGI Ref ID J:111724]

Tyr^c-ch related

Anderson PD; Lam MY; Poirier C; Bishop CE; Nadeau JH. 2009. The role of the mouse y chromosome on susceptibility to testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer Res 69(8):3614-8. [PubMed: 19351821]  [MGI Ref ID J:147731]

Beermann F; Ruppert S; Hummler E; Bosch FX; Muller G; Ruther U; Schutz G. 1990. Rescue of the albino phenotype by introduction of a functional tyrosinase gene into mice. EMBO J 9(9):2819-26. [PubMed: 2118105]  [MGI Ref ID J:19279]

Bhattacharya C; Aggarwal S; Zhu R; Kumar M; Zhao M; Meistrich ML; Matin A. 2007. The mouse dead-end gene isoform alpha is necessary for germ cell and embryonic viability. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 355(1):194-9. [PubMed: 17291453]  [MGI Ref ID J:118625]

Dunn LC. 1936. Studies on multiple allelomorphic series in the house mouse. I. Description of agouti and albino series of allelomorphs J Genet 33:443-53.  [MGI Ref ID J:22600]

Errijgers V; Van Dam D; Gantois I; Van Ginneken CJ; Grossman AW; D'Hooge R; De Deyn PP; Kooy RF. 2007. FVB.129P2-Pde6b(+) Tyr(c-ch)/Ant, a sighted variant of the FVB/N mouse strain suitable for behavioral analysis. Genes Brain Behav 6(6):552-7. [PubMed: 17083330]  [MGI Ref ID J:137779]

Feldman HW. 1935. A fifth allelomorph in the albino series of the house mouse J Mammal 16:207-210.  [MGI Ref ID J:83666]

Feldman HW. 1922. A fourth allelomorph in the albino series in mice Am Naturalist 56:573-574.  [MGI Ref ID J:14850]

Klebig ML; Kwon BS; Rinchik EM. 1992. Physical analysis of murine albino deletions that disrupt liver-specific gene regulation or mesoderm development. Mamm Genome 2(1):51-63. [PubMed: 1543902]  [MGI Ref ID J:1540]

Laiosa MD; Lai ZW; Thurmond TS; Fiore NC; DeRossi C; Holdener BC; Gasiewicz TA; Silverstone AE. 2002. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin causes alterations in lymphocyte development and thymic atrophy in hemopoietic chimeras generated from mice deficient in ARNT2. Toxicol Sci 69(1):117-24. [PubMed: 12215665]  [MGI Ref ID J:113951]

Lamoreux ML; Wakamatsu K; Ito S. 2001. Interaction of major coat color gene functions in mice as studied by chemical analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin. Pigment Cell Res 14(1):23-31. [PubMed: 11277491]  [MGI Ref ID J:103803]

Lossie AC; Nakamura H; Thomas SE; Justice MJ. 2005. Mutation of l7Rn3 shows that Odz4 is required for mouse gastrulation. Genetics 169(1):285-99. [PubMed: 15489520]  [MGI Ref ID J:96673]

Lyon MF. 1963. Attempts to test the inactive-X theory of dosage compensation in mammals Genet Res 4:93-103.  [MGI Ref ID J:272]

Moyer FH. 1966. Genetic variations in the fine structure and ontogeny of mouse melanin granules. Am Zool 6(1):43-66. [PubMed: 5902512]  [MGI Ref ID J:5001]

RUSSELL ES. 1949. A quantitative histological study of the pigment found in the coat-color mutants of the house mouse; interdependence among the variable granule attributes. Genetics 34(2):133-45. [PubMed: 18117146]  [MGI Ref ID J:148461]

Russell ES. 1948. A Quantitative Histological Study of the Pigment Found in the Coat Color Mutants of the House Mouse. II. Estimates of the Total Volume of Pigment. Genetics 33(3):228-36. [PubMed: 17247280]  [MGI Ref ID J:148462]

Russell ES. 1946. A Quantitative Histological Study of the Pigment Found in the Coat-Color Mutants of the House Mouse. I. Variable Attributes of the Pigment Granules. Genetics 31(3):327-46. [PubMed: 17247200]  [MGI Ref ID J:148463]

Schedl A; Ruppert S; Kelsey G; Thies E; Niswander L; Magnuson T; Klebig ML; Rinchik EM; Schutz G. 1992. Chromosome jumping from flanking markers defines the minimal region for alf/hsdr-1 within the albino-deletion complex. Genomics 14(2):288-97. [PubMed: 1427845]  [MGI Ref ID J:2638]

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Repository-Live. A collection of over 1000 strains maintained as live colonies. Individual colonies are sized to meet current customer demand. Delivery for orders of 10 mice or less ranges on average from one to eight weeks; mice are generally shipped between four to six weeks of age with a maximum shipping age of approximately nine weeks. Colony sizes do not generally support stringent age specifications for large volumes of mice; however custom orders and larger quantities of mice are easily arranged. Estimated ship dates for all orders provided within two business days following order placement.

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Usually shipped between four and eight weeks of age. This strain is included in the Mouse Mutant Resource collection. Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

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The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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JAX^® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCTS" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or services provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE or PRODUCTS from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON's prior written authorization.

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of mice, products or services, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the mice or product received or the services provided.

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In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. In purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS or services from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE and PRODUCTS are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS or services may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and services by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or services by JACKSON.