Description

Strain Information

Type Inbred Strain; Additional information on Inbred Strains. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Mating System Sibling x Sibling         (Female x Male)   01-MAR-06 Species laboratory mouse H2 Haplotype a Generation F285 (07-JUL-11) Generation Definitions

Appearance
albino
Related Genotype: a/a Tyrp1^b/Tyrp1^b Tyr^c/Tyr^c

Description
Developed by LC Strong in 1921 from a cross between a Cold Spring Harbor albino and a Bagg albino, the A inbred strain is used widely used in cancer and immunology research. It is highly susceptible to induction of congenital cleft palate by cortisone. It has a high incidence of spontaneous lung adenomas and lung tumors readily develop in response to carcinogens. High percentage of mammary adenocarcinomas (a large proportion acinar type) develop in multiparous females. Rare spontaneous myoepitheliomas arising from myoepithelial cells of various exocrine glands have been observed in The Jackson Laboratory substrains.

A small percent (4%) of nonproductive males are hermaphrodites. An additional 17% of nonproductive males have abnormally small testes containing no sperm (Hunt et al., 2008).

Related Strains

A Strains

000646	A/J
000647	A/WySnJ

View A Strains     (2 strains)

Strains carrying   Ahr^b-2 allele

000646	A/J
000130	B6.C-H17c/(HW14)ByJ
000370	B6.C-H38c/(HW119)ByJ
001026	BALB/cByJ
000653	BUB/BnJ
000659	C3H/HeJ
000656	CBA/J
000657	CE/J
000352	CXB2/ByJ
000353	CXB3/ByJ
000354	CXB4/ByJ
000355	CXB5/ByJ
000357	CXB7/ByJ
000673	HRS/J
000679	P/J
000930	PERA/EiJ
000644	SEA/GnJ
000280	SF/CamEiJ

View Strains carrying   Ahr^b-2     (18 strains)

Strains carrying   Hc⁰ allele

000646	A/J
000647	A/WySnJ
000648	AKR/J
000460	B10.D2-Hc0 H2d H2-T18c/o2SnJ
000461	B10.D2-Hc0 H2d H2-T18c/oSnJ
000657	CE/J
000671	DBA/2J
007048	DBA/2J-Gpnmb+/SjJ
001800	FVB/NJ
001491	FVB/NMob
000674	I/LnJ
001303	NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J
001976	NOD/ShiLtJ
000684	NZB/BlNJ
000682	RF/J
000688	ST/bJ
000689	SWR/J

View Strains carrying   Hc⁰     (17 strains)

Strains carrying   Il3ra^m1 allele

000646	A/J
000647	A/WySnJ
000648	AKR/J
000653	BUB/BnJ
000669	C58/J
000657	CE/J
000684	NZB/BlNJ
000682	RF/J
000687	SM/J

View Strains carrying   Il3ra^m1     (9 strains)

Strains carrying   Wnt9b^clf1 allele

000646	A/J
000647	A/WySnJ
001690	AXB23/PgnJ

View Strains carrying   Wnt9b^clf1     (3 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Ahr

000690	129P3/J
000648	AKR/J
002920	B6(D2N).Spretus-Ahrb-3/J
006203	B6.129(FVB)-Ahrtm3.1Bra/J
002831	B6.129-Ahrtm1Bra/J
000136	B6.C-H34c/(HW22)ByJ
008599	B6.Cg-Cyp1a2/Cyp1a1tm2Dwn Ahrd Tg(CYP1A1,CYP1A2)1Dwn/DwnJ
002921	B6.D2N-Ahrd/J
002727	B6;129-Ahrtm1Bra/J
000652	BDP/J
000663	C57BL/6By
001139	C57BL/6ByJ
000664	C57BL/6J
000662	C57BLKS/J
000667	C57BR/cdJ
000668	C57L/J
000669	C58/J
000926	CAROLI/EiJ
000928	CAST/EiJ
000351	CXB1/ByJ
000356	CXB6/ByJ
002937	D2.B6-Ahrb-1/J
000671	DBA/2J
000674	I/LnJ
000675	LG/J
000676	LP/J
000677	MA/MyJ
000550	MOLF/EiJ
000684	NZB/BlNJ
000726	RBF/DnJ
000682	RF/J
000686	SJL/J
001146	SPRET/EiJ
000688	ST/bJ
000689	SWR/J
000693	WC/ReJ KitlSl/J
000933	YBR/EiJ

View Strains carrying other alleles of Ahr     (37 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Hc

000470	AK.M-H2m H2-T18a/nSnJ
005308	B10.Cg-H2d Tg(TcraCl4,TcrbCl4)1Shrm/ShrmJ
000463	B10.D2-Hc1 H2d H2-T18c/nSnJ
003147	B10.D2-Hc1 H2d H2-T18c/nSnJ-Tg(DO11.10)10Dlo/J
004306	NOD.CBALs-Hc1/LtJ

View Strains carrying other alleles of Hc     (5 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Wnt9b

008469

STOCK Wnt9btm1.2Amc/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Wnt9b     (1 strain)

Additional Web Information

JAX^® NOTES, April 1988; 433. H-2 Haplotypes of Mice from Jackson Laboratory Production Colonies.
JAX^® NOTES, Summer 1992; 450. Myoepitheliomas in Inbred Laboratory Mice.
JAX^® NOTES, Winter 2006; 500. New Strain Characteristic Documented for Inbred Strain A/HeJ (Stock Number 000645)
Mouse Phenome Database / SNP Facility

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Data

Mouse Phenome Database
Festing Inbred Strain Characteristics: A

View Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Related Disease (OMIM) Terms provided by MGI

- Potential model based on gene homology relationships. Phenotypic similarity to the human disease has not been tested. Complement Component 5 Deficiency; C5D   (C5)

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGI

      assigned by genotype

       

• reproductive system phenotype
• small testis
  • in a minority of males   (MGI Ref ID J:136868)
• • testis hypoplasia
    • in a minority of males   (MGI Ref ID J:136868)
• true hermaphroditism
  • approximately 4% of males from non-productive breeding pairs are overt hermaphrodites and 17% have abnormally small testes and no epididymal sperm   (MGI Ref ID J:136868)
• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• small testis
  • in a minority of males   (MGI Ref ID J:136868)
• • testis hypoplasia
    • in a minority of males   (MGI Ref ID J:136868)

Ahr^b-2/Ahr^b-2

        A/He

• mortality/aging
• increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
  • mice are susceptible to DMBA induced lethality   (MGI Ref ID J:26440)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• increased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
  • mice are susceptible to the pathological effects of DMBA and exhibit lethality, weight loss, peritonitis, decreased spleen weight, and decreased thymus weight   (MGI Ref ID J:26440)
• increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
  • mice are susceptible to DMBA induced lethality   (MGI Ref ID J:26440)

Il3ra^m1/Il3ra^m1

        A/HeJ

• hematopoietic system phenotype
• abnormal common myeloid progenitor cell morphology
  • CFU-GM assays using bone marrow derived cells yield very few colonies in repsonse to interleukin 3   (MGI Ref ID J:24918)

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cancer Research
Increased Tumor Incidence
      Adenomas
      Adenomas: lung
      Mammary Gland Tumors
      Mammary Gland Tumors: late onset
      Other Tissues/Organs
      Other Tissues/Organs: lung

Developmental Biology Research
Craniofacial and Palate Defects
      congenital cleft palate
Lymphoid Tissue Defects
      hematopoietic defects

Reproductive Biology Research
Developmental Defects Affecting Gonads

Research Tools
Immunology and Inflammation Research
      specific complement deficiency, C5 complement

Hc⁰ related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Immunodeficiency
      specific complement deficiency

Research Tools
Immunology and Inflammation Research
      specific complement deficiency, C5 complement

Il3ra^m1 related

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
CD Antigens, Antigen Receptors, and Histocompatibility Markers
      genes regulating susceptibility to infectious disease and endotoxin

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI

Allele Symbol		Ahrb-2
Allele Name		b-2 variant
Allele Type		Not Applicable
Common Name(s)		Ahb-2; Ahh;
Strain of Origin		BALB/cBy
Gene Symbol and Name		Ahr, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor
Chromosome		12
Gene Common Name(s)		Ah; Ahh; Ahre; In; aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness; aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; bHLHe76; dioxin receptor; inflammatory reactivity;
General Note		C57BL/6 carries the responsive Ahrb allele; DBA/2 carries nonresponsive Ahrd. Heterozygotes (Ahrb/Ahrd) are responsive (J:5282). Later work identified a second (J:8895) and later a third (J:22144) allele conferring response. Thus the allele in C57, C58, and MA/My strains is now Ahrb-1; Ahrb-2 is carried by BALB/cBy, A, and C3H; and Ahrb-3 by Mus spretus, M. caroli, and MOLF/Ei. The nonresponsive strains AKR, DBA/2, and 129 carry Ahrd (J:22144). Nucleotide and amino acid sequence differences between Ahrb-1 and Ahrd have been determined (J:17460). Strain of origin - this allele was found in BALB/cByJ, A/J, C3H/HeJ, CBA strains
Molecular Note		This allele encodes a high affinity, heat labile, 104 kDa receptor containing 848 amino acids. Sequencing studies of cDNA from C57BL/6J congenic mice homozygous for this allele identified nucleotide substitutions in the ORF that would cause 5 amino acid differences between the C57BL/6J and BALB/cBy peptides, and 2 amino acid differences between the BALB/cBy and DBA/2J peptides. A T to C transition in exon 11 replaces the opal termination codon in the C57BL/6J allele with an arginine codon in the BALB/cByallele. This change would extend translation of the BALB/cBy mRNA by 43 amino acids, accounting for the larger size of the peptide produced by this allele (104 kDa, vs 95 kDa for the C57BL/6J allele). [MGI Ref ID J:15153] [MGI Ref ID J:22144]
Allele Symbol		Hc0
Allele Name		deficient
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		C5-; C5-d; C5-def; C5-deficient; hco;
Strain of Origin		multiple strains
Gene Symbol and Name		Hc, hemolytic complement
Chromosome		2
Gene Common Name(s)		C5; C5a; C5b; CPAMD4; He; RGD1561905;
General Note		This is an allele characteristic of various inbred mouse strains including the following: A/HeJ, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ Hc was identified as a candidate gene for Abhr2 in a microarray analysis of lung mRNA from A/J, C3H/HeJ, and (A/J x C3H/HeJ)F1 x A/J backcross animals. Hc genotype shows statistically significant correlation to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsive phenotype. The A/J allele contains a 2 bp deletion resulting in deficient Hc mRNA and protein production and is associated with susceptibility to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (J:108211)
Molecular Note		A 2 base "TA" deletion at positions 62 and 63 of an 83 base pair exon near the 5' end of the gene is found in the following mouse strains: A/HeJ, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ. The consequence of this deletion is the creation of a stop codon starting four bases after the deletion. A truncated product of 216 amino acids is predicted as a result although contradictory reports exist that a larger pro-C5 protein may be synthesized. Nevertheless, macrophages from mouse strains carrying this allele do not secrete complement 5. [MGI Ref ID J:23983] [MGI Ref ID J:5016]
Allele Symbol		Il3ram1
Allele Name		mutation 1
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		Il3raA/J; Il3ran;
Strain of Origin		A/J
Gene Symbol and Name		Il3ra, interleukin 3 receptor, alpha chain
Chromosome		14
Gene Common Name(s)		CD123; Cyrl; IL-3 receptor alpha chain; IL3R; IL3RAY; IL3RX; IL3RY; SUT-1; hIL-3Ra;
Molecular Note		Sequence analysis revealed A/J mice lack the sequence corresponding to exon 8, which encodes 10 amino acid residues in the extracellular domain. Aberrant splicing was due to a 5 base pair deletion at the branch point in intron 7. [MGI Ref ID J:23971]
Allele Symbol		Wnt9bclf1
Allele Name		cleft lip 1
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Strain of Origin		A/WySn
Gene Symbol and Name		Wnt9b, wingless-type MMTV integration site 9B
Chromosome		11
Gene Common Name(s)		WNT14B; WNT15; Wnt15; cleft lip; cleft lip 1; clf; clf1; wingless-type MMTV integration site 15;
General Note		Unequal duplicate epistasis - the normal allele at clf1 is a dominant suppressor of the recessive phenotype at clf2, and the normal allele at clf2 is a semidominant suppressor of the recessive phenotype at the clf1 locus.
Molecular Note		This mutation is a novel insertion of an IAP transposon 3' from the gene. In addition, a standard genetic test of allelism between clf1 and a Wnt9b targeted mutation demonstrated noncomplementation, showing clf1 is an allele of Wnt9b. [MGI Ref ID J:117594] [MGI Ref ID J:96061]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References provided by MGI

Selected Reference(s)

Hunt PA; Jackson JM; Horan S; Lawson CA; Grindell L; Washburn LL; Eicher EM. 2008. The mouse A/HeJ Y chromosome: Another good Y gone bad. Chromosome Res 16(4):623-36. [PubMed: 18483871]  [MGI Ref ID J:136868]

Additional References

Hara T; Ichihara M; Takagi M; Miyajima A. 1995. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) poor-responsive inbred mouse strains carry the identical deletion of a branch point in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. Blood 85(9):2331-6. [PubMed: 7727767]  [MGI Ref ID J:24918]

International Nomenclature Committee. 1952. COMMITTEE on Standardized Nomenclature for Inbred Strains of Mice Cancer Res 12(8):602-13. [PubMed: 14945054]  [MGI Ref ID J:166288]

Nilsson UR; Muller-Eberhard HJ. 1967. Deficiency of the fifth component of complement in mice with an inherited complement defect. J Exp Med 125(1):1-16. [PubMed: 4959665]  [MGI Ref ID J:5016]

Ooi YM; Colten HR. 1979. Genetic defect in secretion of complement C5 in mice. Nature 282(5735):207-8. [PubMed: 492335]  [MGI Ref ID J:6214]

Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. [PubMed: 15081119]  [MGI Ref ID J:89298]

Sundberg JP; Hanson CA; Roop DR; Brown KS; Bedigian HG. 1991. Myoepitheliomas in inbred laboratory mice. Vet Pathol 28(4):313-23. [PubMed: 1719689]  [MGI Ref ID J:22767]

Wetsel RA; Fleischer DT; Haviland DL. 1990. Deficiency of the murine fifth complement component (C5). A 2-base pair gene deletion in a 5'-exon. J Biol Chem 265(5):2435-40. [PubMed: 2303408]  [MGI Ref ID J:23983]

Wheat WH; Wetsel R; Falus A; Tack BF; Strunk RC. 1987. The fifth component of complement (C5) in the mouse. Analysis of the molecular basis for deficiency. J Exp Med 165(5):1442-7. [PubMed: 3572304]  [MGI Ref ID J:8690]

Ahr^b-2 related

Nebert DW; Considine N; Owens IS. 1973. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. VI. Control of other aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible mono-oxygenase activities at or near the same genetic locus. Arch Biochem Biophys 157(1):148-59. [PubMed: 4716952]  [MGI Ref ID J:84313]

Nebert DW; Gielen JE. 1972. Genetic regulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in the mouse. Fed Proc 31(4):1315-25. [PubMed: 4114109]  [MGI Ref ID J:5282]

Nebert DW; Jensen NM; Shinozuka H; Kunz HW; Gill TJ 3rd. 1982. The Ah phenotype. Survey of forty-eight rat strains and twenty inbred mouse strains. Genetics 100(1):79-87. [PubMed: 7095422]  [MGI Ref ID J:6809]

Nebert DW; Robinson JR; Niwa A; Kumaki K; Poland AP. 1975. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the mouse. J Cell Physiol 85(2 Pt 2 Suppl 1):393-414. [PubMed: 1091656]  [MGI Ref ID J:84317]

Niwa A; Kumaki K; Nebert DW; Poland AP. 1975. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the mouse. Distinction between the 'responsive' homozygote and heterozygote at the Ah locus. Arch Biochem Biophys 166(2):559-64. [PubMed: 1119809]  [MGI Ref ID J:84316]

Poland A; Glover E. 1990. Characterization and strain distribution pattern of the murine Ah receptor specified by the Ahd and Ahb-3 alleles. Mol Pharmacol 38(3):306-12. [PubMed: 2169579]  [MGI Ref ID J:34840]

Poland A; Glover E; Taylor BA. 1987. The murine Ah locus: a new allele and mapping to chromosome 12. Mol Pharmacol 32(4):471-8. [PubMed: 2823093]  [MGI Ref ID J:8895]

Poland A; Palen D; Glover E. 1994. Analysis of the four alleles of the murine aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Mol Pharmacol 46(5):915-21. [PubMed: 7969080]  [MGI Ref ID J:22144]

Robinson JR; Considine N; Nebert DW. 1974. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. Evidence for the involvement of other genetic loci. J Biol Chem 249(18):5851-9. [PubMed: 4413562]  [MGI Ref ID J:84315]

Schmid FA; Pena RC; Robinson W; Tarnowski GS. 1967. Toxicity of intraperitoneal injections of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in inbred mice. Cancer Res 27(3):558-62. [PubMed: 6021513]  [MGI Ref ID J:26440]

Schmidt JV; Carver LA; Bradfield CA. 1993. Molecular characterization of the murine Ahr gene. Organization, promoter analysis, and chromosomal assignment. J Biol Chem 268(29):22203-9. [PubMed: 8408082]  [MGI Ref ID J:15153]

Smith AG; Clothier B; Robinson S; Scullion MJ; Carthew P; Edwards R; Luo J; Lim CK; Toledano M. 1998. Interaction between iron metabolism and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mice with variants of the Ahr gene: a hepatic oxidative mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 53(1):52-61. [PubMed: 9443932]  [MGI Ref ID J:45850]

Thomas PE; Hutton JJ; Taylor BA. 1973. Genetic relationship between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility and chemical carcinogen induced skin ulceration in mice. Genetics 74(4):655-9. [PubMed: 4750810]  [MGI Ref ID J:5387]

Hc⁰ related

Actor JK; Breij E; Wetsel RA; Hoffmann H; Hunter RL Jr; Jagannath C. 2001. A role for complement C5 in organism containment and granulomatous response during murine tuberculosis. Scand J Immunol 53(5):464-74. [PubMed: 11309154]  [MGI Ref ID J:103981]

Addis-Lieser E; Kohl J; Chiaramonte MG. 2005. Opposing regulatory roles of complement factor 5 in the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Immunol 175(3):1894-902. [PubMed: 16034133]  [MGI Ref ID J:107269]

Anderson AL; Sporici R; Lambris J; Larosa D; Levinson AI. 2006. Pathogenesis of B-cell superantigen-induced immune complex-mediated inflammation. Infect Immun 74(2):1196-203. [PubMed: 16428769]  [MGI Ref ID J:104987]

Barthlott T; Stockinger B. 2001. Lineage fate alteration of thymocytes developing in an MHC environment containing MHC/peptide ligands with antagonist properties. Eur J Immunol 31(12):3595-601. [PubMed: 11745379]  [MGI Ref ID J:151748]

Bauer K; Yu X; Wernhoff P; Koczan D; Thiesen HJ; Ibrahim SM. 2004. Identification of new quantitative trait loci in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 50(11):3721-8. [PubMed: 15529344]  [MGI Ref ID J:94347]

Binstadt BA; Hebert JL; Ortiz-Lopez A; Bronson R; Benoist C; Mathis D. 2009. The same systemic autoimmune disease provokes arthritis and endocarditis via distinct mechanisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(39):16758-63. [PubMed: 19805369]  [MGI Ref ID J:153217]

Bode J; Dutow P; Sommer K; Janik K; Glage S; Tummler B; Munder A; Laudeley R; Sachse KW; Klos A. 2012. A new role of the complement system: C3 provides protection in a mouse model of lung infection with intracellular Chlamydia psittaci. PLoS One 7(11):e50327. [PubMed: 23189195]  [MGI Ref ID J:194784]

Bora NS; Kaliappan S; Jha P; Xu Q; Sohn JH; Dhaulakhandi DB; Kaplan HJ; Bora PS. 2006. Complement activation via alternative pathway is critical in the development of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization: role of factor B and factor H. J Immunol 177(3):1872-8. [PubMed: 16849499]  [MGI Ref ID J:138026]

Borders CW; Courtney A; Ronen K; Pilar Laborde-Lahoz M; Guidry TV; Hwang SA; Olsen M; Hunter RL Jr; Hollmann TJ; Wetsel RA; Actor JK. 2005. Requisite role for complement C5 and the C5a receptor in granulomatous response to mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate. Scand J Immunol 62(2):123-30. [PubMed: 16101818]  [MGI Ref ID J:114316]

Bosco A; Crish SD; Steele MR; Romero CO; Inman DM; Horner PJ; Calkins DJ; Vetter ML. 2012. Early reduction of microglia activation by irradiation in a model of chronic glaucoma. PLoS One 7(8):e43602. [PubMed: 22952717]  [MGI Ref ID J:191663]

CINADER B; DUBISKI S; WARDLAW AC. 1964. DISTRIBUTION, INHERITANCE, AND PROPERTIES OF AN ANTIGEN, MUB1, AND ITS RELATION TO HEMOLYTIC COMPLEMENT. J Exp Med 120:897-924. [PubMed: 14247728]  [MGI Ref ID J:13003]

Carter WO; Bull C; Bortolon E; Yang L; Jesmok GJ; Gundel RH. 1998. A murine skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury model: differential pathology in BALB/c and DBA/2N mice. J Appl Physiol 85(5):1676-83. [PubMed: 9804569]  [MGI Ref ID J:51187]

Chen HC; Hofman FM; Kung JT; Lin YD; Wu-Hsieh BA. 2007. Both virus and tumor necrosis factor alpha are critical for endothelium damage in a mouse model of dengue virus-induced hemorrhage. J Virol 81(11):5518-26. [PubMed: 17360740]  [MGI Ref ID J:153322]

Chen J; Reifsnyder PC; Scheuplein F; Schott WH; Mileikovsky M; Soodeen-Karamath S; Nagy A; Dosch MH; Ellis J; Koch-Nolte F; Leiter EH. 2005. 'Agouti NOD': identification of a CBA-derived Idd locus on Chromosome 7 and its use for chimera production with NOD embryonic stem cells. Mamm Genome 16(10):775-83. [PubMed: 16261419]  [MGI Ref ID J:102639]

Cunnion KM; Benjamin DK Jr; Hester CG; Frank MM. 2004. Role of complement receptors 1 and 2 (CD35 and CD21), C3, C4, and C5 in survival by mice of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Lab Clin Med 143(6):358-65. [PubMed: 15192652]  [MGI Ref ID J:101948]

Daniel DS; Dai G; Singh CR; Lindsey DR; Smith AK; Dhandayuthapani S; Hunter RL Jr; Jagannath C. 2006. The reduced bactericidal function of complement C5-deficient murine macrophages is associated with defects in the synthesis and delivery of reactive oxygen radicals to mycobacterial phagosomes. J Immunol 177(7):4688-98. [PubMed: 16982908]  [MGI Ref ID J:139313]

Deguchi Y; Andoh A; Inatomi O; Araki Y; Hata K; Tsujikawa T; Kitoh K; Fujiyama Y. 2005. Development of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis is aggravated in mice genetically deficient for complement C5. Int J Mol Med 16(4):605-8. [PubMed: 16142393]  [MGI Ref ID J:107581]

Fairweather D; Frisancho-Kiss S; Njoku DB; Nyland JF; Kaya Z; Yusung SA; Davis SE; Frisancho JA; Barrett MA; Rose NR. 2006. Complement receptor 1 and 2 deficiency increases coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, and heart failure by increasing macrophages, IL-1beta, and immune complex deposition in the heart. J Immunol 176(6):3516-24. [PubMed: 16517720]  [MGI Ref ID J:129509]

Ferreira C; Barthlott T; Garcia S; Zamoyska R; Stockinger B. 2000. Differential survival of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells. J Immunol 165(7):3689-94. [PubMed: 11034373]  [MGI Ref ID J:151749]

Flierl MA; Rittirsch D; Nadeau BA; Day DE; Zetoune FS; Sarma JV; Huber-Lang MS; Ward PA. 2008. Functions of the complement components C3 and C5 during sepsis. FASEB J 22(10):3483-90. [PubMed: 18587006]  [MGI Ref ID J:140250]

Flynn S; Stockinger B. 2003. Tumor and CD4 T-cell interactions: tumor escape as result of reciprocal inactivation. Blood 101(11):4472-8. [PubMed: 12543861]  [MGI Ref ID J:151744]

Fossati G; Cooke A; Papafio RQ; Haskins K; Stockinger B. 1999. Triggering a second T cell receptor on diabetogenic T cells can prevent induction of diabetes. J Exp Med 190(4):577-83. [PubMed: 10449528]  [MGI Ref ID J:108724]

Garcia S; DiSanto J; Stockinger B. 1999. Following the development of a CD4 T cell response in vivo: from activation to memory formation. Immunity 11(2):163-71. [PubMed: 10485651]  [MGI Ref ID J:151750]

Girardi G; Berman J; Redecha P; Spruce L; Thurman JM; Kraus D; Hollmann TJ; Casali P; Caroll MC; Wetsel RA; Lambris JD; Holers VM; Salmon JE. 2003. Complement C5a receptors and neutrophils mediate fetal injury in the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Clin Invest 112(11):1644-54. [PubMed: 14660741]  [MGI Ref ID J:86845]

Hillebrandt S; Wasmuth HE; Weiskirchen R; Hellerbrand C; Keppeler H; Werth A; Schirin-Sokhan R; Wilkens G; Geier A; Lorenzen J; Kohl J; Gressner AM; Matern S; Lammert F. 2005. Complement factor 5 is a quantitative trait gene that modifies liver fibrogenesis in mice and humans. Nat Genet 37(8):835-43. [PubMed: 15995705]  [MGI Ref ID J:100159]

Ji H; Gauguier D; Ohmura K; Gonzalez A; Duchatelle V; Danoy P; Garchon HJ; Degott C; Lathrop M; Benoist C; Mathis D. 2001. Genetic influences on the end-stage effector phase of arthritis. J Exp Med 194(3):321-30. [PubMed: 11489951]  [MGI Ref ID J:70882]

Karp CL; Grupe A; Schadt E; Ewart SL; Keane-Moore M; Cuomo PJ; Kohl J; Wahl L; Kuperman D; Germer S; Aud D; Peltz G; Wills-Karp M. 2000. Identification of complement factor 5 as a susceptibility locus for experimental allergic asthma. Nat Immunol 1(3):221-6. [PubMed: 10973279]  [MGI Ref ID J:108211]

Kassiotis G; Garcia S; Simpson E; Stockinger B. 2002. Impairment of immunological memory in the absence of MHC despite survival of memory T cells. Nat Immunol 3(3):244-50. [PubMed: 11836529]  [MGI Ref ID J:151747]

Kassiotis G; Zamoyska R; Stockinger B. 2003. Involvement of avidity for major histocompatibility complex in homeostasis of naive and memory T cells. J Exp Med 197(8):1007-16. [PubMed: 12707300]  [MGI Ref ID J:151743]

Kawikova I; Paliwal V; Szczepanik M; Itakura A; Fukui M; Campos RA; Geba GP; Homer RJ; Iliopoulou BP; Pober JS; Tsuji RF; Askenase PW. 2004. Airway hyper-reactivity mediated by B-1 cell immunoglobulin M antibody generating complement C5a at 1 day post-immunization in a murine hapten model of non-atopic asthma. Immunology 113(2):234-45. [PubMed: 15379984]  [MGI Ref ID J:92933]

Kerepesi LA; Hess JA; Nolan TJ; Schad GA; Abraham D. 2006. Complement component C3 is required for protective innate and adaptive immunity to larval strongyloides stercoralis in mice. J Immunol 176(7):4315-22. [PubMed: 16547268]  [MGI Ref ID J:129872]

Kim CH; Wu W; Wysoczynski M; Abdel-Latif A; Sunkara M; Morris A; Kucia M; Ratajczak J; Ratajczak MZ. 2012. Conditioning for hematopoietic transplantation activates the complement cascade and induces a proteolytic environment in bone marrow: a novel role for bioactive lipids and soluble C5b-C9 as homing factors. Leukemia 26(1):106-16. [PubMed: 21769103]  [MGI Ref ID J:181063]

Kim DD; Miwa T; Kimura Y; Schwendener RA; van Lookeren Campagne M; Song WC. 2008. Deficiency of decay-accelerating factor and complement receptor 1-related gene/protein y on murine platelets leads to complement-dependent clearance by the macrophage phagocytic receptor CRIg. Blood 112(4):1109-19. [PubMed: 18524992]  [MGI Ref ID J:138410]

Kirimanjeswara GS; Mann PB; Pilione M; Kennett MJ; Harvill ET. 2005. The complex mechanism of antibody-mediated clearance of Bordetella from the lungs requires TLR4. J Immunol 175(11):7504-11. [PubMed: 16301658]  [MGI Ref ID J:122156]

Kwan WH; Hashimoto D; Paz-Artal E; Ostrow K; Greter M; Raedler H; Medof ME; Merad M; Heeger PS. 2012. Antigen-presenting cell-derived complement modulates graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 122(6):2234-8. [PubMed: 22585573]  [MGI Ref ID J:190492]

Kyriakides C; Austen W Jr; Wang Y; Favuzza J; Kobzik L; Moore FD Jr; Hechtman HB. 1999. Membrane attack complex of complement and neutrophils mediate the injury of acid aspiration. J Appl Physiol 87(6):2357-61. [PubMed: 10601189]  [MGI Ref ID J:103341]

Lee HM; Wu W; Wysoczynski M; Liu R; Zuba-Surma EK; Kucia M; Ratajczak J; Ratajczak MZ. 2009. Impaired mobilization of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in C5-deficient mice supports the pivotal involvement of innate immunity in this process and reveals novel promobilization effects of granulocytes. Leukemia 23(11):2052-62. [PubMed: 19657368]  [MGI Ref ID J:154482]

Lee HM; Wysoczynski M; Liu R; Shin DM; Kucia M; Botto M; Ratajczak J; Ratajczak MZ. 2010. Mobilization studies in complement-deficient mice reveal that optimal AMD3100 mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells depends on complement cascade activation by AMD3100-stimulated granulocytes. Leukemia 24(3):573-82. [PubMed: 20033053]  [MGI Ref ID J:158026]

Mahesh J; Daly J; Cheadle WG; Kotwal GJ. 1999. Elucidation of the early events contributing to zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome using MIP-1alpha, C3 knockout, and C5-deficient mice. Shock 12(5):340-9. [PubMed: 10565608]  [MGI Ref ID J:59655]

Mastellos D; Papadimitriou JC; Franchini S; Tsonis PA; Lambris JD. 2001. A novel role of complement: mice deficient in the fifth component of complement (C5) exhibit impaired liver regeneration. J Immunol 166(4):2479-86. [PubMed: 11160308]  [MGI Ref ID J:111000]

Miller CG; Cook DN; Kotwal GJ. 1996. Two chemotactic factors, C5a and MIP-1alpha, dramatically alter the mortality from zymosan-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS): C5a contributes to MODS while MIP-1alpha has a protective role. Mol Immunol 33(14):1135-7. [PubMed: 9047380]  [MGI Ref ID J:38592]

Miller CG; Justus DE; Jayaraman S; Kotwal GJ. 1995. Severe and prolonged inflammatory response to localized cowpox virus infection in footpads of C5-deficient mice: investigation of the role of host complement in poxvirus pathogenesis. Cell Immunol 162(2):326-32. [PubMed: 7743560]  [MGI Ref ID J:25289]

Miwa T; Zhou L; Kimura Y; Kim D; Bhandoola A; Song WC. 2009. Complement-dependent T-cell lymphopenia caused by thymocyte deletion of the membrane complement regulator Crry. Blood 113(12):2684-94. [PubMed: 19136662]  [MGI Ref ID J:146538]

Mocco J; Mack WJ; Ducruet AF; Sosunov SA; Sughrue ME; Hassid BG; Nair MN; Laufer I; Komotar RJ; Claire M; Holland H; Pinsky DJ; Connolly ES Jr. 2006. Complement component C3 mediates inflammatory injury following focal cerebral ischemia. Circ Res 99(2):209-17. [PubMed: 16778128]  [MGI Ref ID J:123658]

Mori L; de Libero G. 1998. Genetic control of susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis in T cell receptor beta-chain transgenic mice. Arthritis Rheum 41(2):256-62. [PubMed: 9485083]  [MGI Ref ID J:134111]

Moulton RA; Mashruwala MA; Smith AK; Lindsey DR; Wetsel RA; Haviland DL; Hunter RL; Jagannath C. 2007. Complement C5a anaphylatoxin is an innate determinant of dendritic cell-induced Th1 immunity to Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection in mice. J Leukoc Biol 82(4):956-67. [PubMed: 17675563]  [MGI Ref ID J:125190]

Mullick A; Elias M; Picard S; Bourget L; Jovcevski O; Gauthier S; Tuite A; Harakidas P; Bihun C; Massie B; Gros P. 2004. Dysregulated inflammatory response to Candida albicans in a C5-deficient mouse strain. Infect Immun 72(10):5868-76. [PubMed: 15385488]  [MGI Ref ID J:93132]

Mullick A; Leon Z; Min-Oo G; Berghout J; Lo R; Daniels E; Gros P. 2006. Cardiac failure in C5-deficient A/J mice after Candida albicans infection. Infect Immun 74(8):4439-51. [PubMed: 16861630]  [MGI Ref ID J:112405]

Niculescu T; Weerth S; Niculescu F; Cudrici C; Rus V; Raine CS; Shin ML; Rus H. 2004. Effects of complement C5 on apoptosis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 172(9):5702-6. [PubMed: 15100315]  [MGI Ref ID J:89686]

Nilsson UR; Muller-Eberhard HJ. 1967. Deficiency of the fifth component of complement in mice with an inherited complement defect. J Exp Med 125(1):1-16. [PubMed: 4959665]  [MGI Ref ID J:5016]

Ooi YM; Colten HR. 1979. Genetic defect in secretion of complement C5 in mice. Nature 282(5735):207-8. [PubMed: 492335]  [MGI Ref ID J:6214]

Patel SN; Berghout J; Lovegrove FE; Ayi K; Conroy A; Serghides L; Min-oo G; Gowda DC; Sarma JV; Rittirsch D; Ward PA; Liles WC; Gros P; Kain KC. 2008. C5 deficiency and C5a or C5aR blockade protects against cerebral malaria. J Exp Med 205(5):1133-43. [PubMed: 18426986]  [MGI Ref ID J:136298]

Pickering MC; Warren J; Rose KL; Carlucci F; Wang Y; Walport MJ; Cook HT; Botto M. 2006. Prevention of C5 activation ameliorates spontaneous and experimental glomerulonephritis in factor H-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(25):9649-54. [PubMed: 16769899]  [MGI Ref ID J:111031]

Pilione MR; Agosto LM; Kennett MJ; Harvill ET. 2006. CD11b is required for the resolution of inflammation induced by Bordetella bronchiseptica respiratory infection. Cell Microbiol 8(5):758-68. [PubMed: 16611225]  [MGI Ref ID J:135740]

Pritchard MT; McMullen MR; Stavitsky AB; Cohen JI; Lin F; Medof ME; Nagy LE. 2007. Differential contributions of C3, C5, and decay-accelerating factor to ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice. Gastroenterology 132(3):1117-26. [PubMed: 17383432]  [MGI Ref ID J:128218]

Prodeus AP; Zhou X; Maurer M; Galli SJ; Carroll MC. 1997. Impaired mast cell-dependent natural immunity in complement C3-deficient mice. Nature 390(6656):172-5. [PubMed: 9367154]  [MGI Ref ID J:44240]

Ratajczak MZ; Lee H; Wysoczynski M; Wan W; Marlicz W; Laughlin MJ; Kucia M; Janowska-Wieczorek A; Ratajczak J. 2010. Novel insight into stem cell mobilization-plasma sphingosine-1-phosphate is a major chemoattractant that directs the egress of hematopoietic stem progenitor cells from the bone marrow and its level in peripheral blood increases during mobilization due toactivation of complement cascade/membrane attack complex. Leukemia 24(5):976-85. [PubMed: 20357827]  [MGI Ref ID J:160183]

Redecha P; Tilley R; Tencati M; Salmon JE; Kirchhofer D; Mackman N; Girardi G. 2007. Tissue factor: a link between C5a and neutrophil activation in antiphospholipid antibody induced fetal injury. Blood 110(7):2423-31. [PubMed: 17536017]  [MGI Ref ID J:147022]

Refici ML; Metzger DW; Arulanandam BP; Lennartz MR; Loegering DJ. 2001. Fcgamma-receptor signaling augments the LPS-stimulated increase in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280(4):R1037-44. [PubMed: 11247825]  [MGI Ref ID J:114295]

Rittirsch D; Flierl MA; Day DE; Nadeau BA; McGuire SR; Hoesel LM; Ipaktchi K; Zetoune FS; Sarma JV; Leng L; Huber-Lang MS; Neff TA; Bucala R; Ward PA. 2008. Acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide is independent of complement activation. J Immunol 180(11):7664-72. [PubMed: 18490769]  [MGI Ref ID J:136379]

Rittirsch D; Flierl MA; Nadeau BA; Day DE; Huber-Lang M; Mackay CR; Zetoune FS; Gerard NP; Cianflone K; Kohl J; Gerard C; Sarma JV; Ward PA. 2008. Functional roles for C5a receptors in sepsis. Nat Med 14(5):551-7. [PubMed: 18454156]  [MGI Ref ID J:136703]

Saville SP; Lazzell AL; Chaturvedi AK; Monteagudo C; Lopez-Ribot JL. 2008. Use of a genetically engineered strain to evaluate the pathogenic potential of yeast cell and filamentous forms during Candida albicans systemic infection in immunodeficient mice. Infect Immun 76(1):97-102. [PubMed: 17967861]  [MGI Ref ID J:130296]

Schmitt J; Roderfeld M; Sabrane K; Zhang P; Tian Y; Mertens JC; Frei P; Stieger B; Weber A; Mullhaupt B; Roeb E; Geier A. 2012. Complement factor C5 deficiency significantly delays the progression of biliary fibrosis in bile duct-ligated mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 418(3):445-50. [PubMed: 22277671]  [MGI Ref ID J:181268]

Schultz G; Tedesco MM; Sho E; Nishimura T; Sharif S; Du X; Myles T; Morser J; Dalman RL; Leung LL. 2010. Enhanced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in thrombin-activatable procarboxypeptidase B-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 30(7):1363-70. [PubMed: 20431069]  [MGI Ref ID J:180861]

Sood R; Sholl L; Isermann B; Zogg M; Coughlin SR; Weiler H. 2008. Maternal Par4 and platelets contribute to defective placenta formation in mouse embryos lacking thrombomodulin. Blood 112(3):585-91. [PubMed: 18490515]  [MGI Ref ID J:138440]

Stokol T; O'Donnell P; Xiao L; Knight S; Stavrakis G; Botto M; von Andrian UH; Mayadas TN. 2004. C1q governs deposition of circulating immune complexes and leukocyte Fcgamma receptors mediate subsequent neutrophil recruitment. J Exp Med 200(7):835-46. [PubMed: 15466618]  [MGI Ref ID J:93949]

Strainic MG; Liu J; Huang D; An F; Lalli PN; Muqim N; Shapiro VS; Dubyak GR; Heeger PS; Medof ME. 2008. Locally produced complement fragments C5a and C3a provide both costimulatory and survival signals to naive CD4+ T cells. Immunity 28(3):425-35. [PubMed: 18328742]  [MGI Ref ID J:132942]

Strainic MG; Shevach EM; An F; Lin F; Medof ME. 2012. Absence of signaling into CD4(+) cells via C3aR and C5aR enables autoinductive TGF-beta1 signaling and induction of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol 14(2):162-71. [PubMed: 23263555]  [MGI Ref ID J:192613]

Strey CW; Markiewski M; Mastellos D; Tudoran R; Spruce LA; Greenbaum LE; Lambris JD. 2003. The proinflammatory mediators C3a and C5a are essential for liver regeneration. J Exp Med 198(6):913-23. [PubMed: 12975457]  [MGI Ref ID J:109380]

Tanaka D; Kagari T; Doi H; Shimozato T. 2006. Essential role of neutrophils in anti-type II collagen antibody and lipopolysaccharide-induced arthritis. Immunology 119(2):195-202. [PubMed: 16836650]  [MGI Ref ID J:118551]

Trendelenburg M; Fossati-Jimack L; Cortes-Hernandez J; Turnberg D; Lewis M; Izui S; Cook HT; Botto M. 2005. The role of complement in cryoglobulin-induced immune complex glomerulonephritis. J Immunol 175(10):6909-14. [PubMed: 16272350]  [MGI Ref ID J:119691]

Wang Y; Kristan J; Hao L; Lenkoski CS; Shen Y; Matis LA. 2000. A role for complement in antibody-mediated inflammation: C5-deficient DBA/1 mice are resistant to collagen-induced arthritis. J Immunol 164(8):4340-7. [PubMed: 10754334]  [MGI Ref ID J:61587]

Wetsel RA; Fleischer DT; Haviland DL. 1990. Deficiency of the murine fifth complement component (C5). A 2-base pair gene deletion in a 5'-exon. J Biol Chem 265(5):2435-40. [PubMed: 2303408]  [MGI Ref ID J:23983]

Wheat WH; Wetsel R; Falus A; Tack BF; Strunk RC. 1987. The fifth component of complement (C5) in the mouse. Analysis of the molecular basis for deficiency. J Exp Med 165(5):1442-7. [PubMed: 3572304]  [MGI Ref ID J:8690]

Wolfe DN; Kirimanjeswara GS; Harvill ET. 2005. Clearance of Bordetella parapertussis from the lower respiratory tract requires humoral and cellular immunity. Infect Immun 73(10):6508-13. [PubMed: 16177324]  [MGI Ref ID J:104212]

Wright RJ; Bikoff EK; Stockinger B. 1998. The Ii41 isoform of invariant chain mediates both positive and negative selection events in T-cell receptor transgenic mice. Immunology 95(3):309-13. [PubMed: 9824491]  [MGI Ref ID J:50737]

Xiao H; Schreiber A; Heeringa P; Falk RJ; Jennette JC. 2007. Alternative complement pathway in the pathogenesis of disease mediated by anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. Am J Pathol 170(1):52-64. [PubMed: 17200182]  [MGI Ref ID J:117048]

Younger JG; Shankar-Sinha S; Mickiewicz M; Brinkman AS; Valencia GA; Sarma JV; Younkin EM; Standiford TJ; Zetoune FS; Ward PA. 2003. Murine complement interactions with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their consequences during pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 29(4):432-8. [PubMed: 14500254]  [MGI Ref ID J:94613]

Zal T; Volkmann A; Stockinger B. 1994. Mechanisms of tolerance induction in major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells specific for a blood-borne self-antigen. J Exp Med 180(6):2089-99. [PubMed: 7964486]  [MGI Ref ID J:111649]

Zal T; Weiss S; Mellor A; Stockinger B. 1996. Expression of a second receptor rescues self-specific T cells from thymic deletion and allows activation of autoreactive effector function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(17):9102-7. [PubMed: 8799161]  [MGI Ref ID J:151753]

Zhou W; Farrar CA; Abe K; Pratt JR; Marsh JE; Wang Y; Stahl GL; Sacks SH. 2000. Predominant role for C5b-9 in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 105(10):1363-71. [PubMed: 10811844]  [MGI Ref ID J:120567]

de Jorge EG; Macor P; Paixao-Cavalcante D; Rose KL; Tedesco F; Cook HT; Botto M; Pickering MC. 2011. The development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome depends on complement C5. J Am Soc Nephrol 22(1):137-45. [PubMed: 21148255]  [MGI Ref ID J:185883]

Il3ra^m1 related

Gainsford T; Roberts AW; Kimura S; Metcalf D; Dranoff G; Mulligan RC; Begley CG; Robb L; Alexander WS. 1998. Cytokine production and function in c-mpl-deficient mice: no physiologic role for interleukin-3 in residual megakaryocyte and platelet production. Blood 91(8):2745-52. [PubMed: 9531584]  [MGI Ref ID J:47462]

Hara T; Ichihara M; Takagi M; Miyajima A. 1995. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) poor-responsive inbred mouse strains carry the identical deletion of a branch point in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. Blood 85(9):2331-6. [PubMed: 7727767]  [MGI Ref ID J:24918]

Ichihara M; Hara T; Takagi M; Cho LC; Gorman DM; Miyajima A. 1995. Impaired interleukin-3 (IL-3) response of the A/J mouse is caused by a branch point deletion in the IL-3 receptor alpha subunit gene. EMBO J 14(5):939-50. [PubMed: 7889941]  [MGI Ref ID J:23971]

Wnt9b^clf1 related

Juriloff DM. 1995. Genetic analysis of the construction of the AEJ.A congenic strain indicates that nonsyndromic CL(P) in the mouse is caused by two loci with epistatic interaction. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 15(1):1-12. [PubMed: 7601909]  [MGI Ref ID J:25484]

Juriloff DM. 1986. Major genes that cause cleft lip in mice: progress in the construction of a congenic strain and in linkage mapping. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol Suppl 2:55-66. [PubMed: 3491125]  [MGI Ref ID J:22596]

Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Brown CJ. 2001. Unravelling the complex genetics of cleft lip in the mouse model. Mamm Genome 12(6):426-35. [PubMed: 11353389]  [MGI Ref ID J:69826]

Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Dewell SL. 2004. A digenic cause of cleft lip in A-strain mice and definition of candidate genes for the two loci. Birth Defects Res Part A Clin Mol Teratol 70(8):509-18. [PubMed: 15329828]  [MGI Ref ID J:92341]

Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Dewell SL; Brown CJ; Mager DL; Gagnier L; Mah DG. 2005. Investigations of the genomic region that contains the clf1 mutation, a causal gene in multifactorial cleft lip and palate in mice. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 73(2):103-13. [PubMed: 15690355]  [MGI Ref ID J:96061]

Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; McMahon AP; Carroll TJ; Lidral AC. 2006. Wnt9b is the mutated gene involved in multifactorial nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in A/WySn mice, as confirmed by a genetic complementation test. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 76(8):574-9. [PubMed: 16998816]  [MGI Ref ID J:117594]

Health & husbandry

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Room Number           AX11

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Mating System	Sibling x Sibling         (Female x Male)   01-MAR-06
Diet Information	LabDiet® 5K52/5K67

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