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| A/J mice are widely used in cancer and immunology research. | ||||||||||||||||||
- Description
- Disease & phenotype
- Genes & alleles
- Genotyping
- Health & care
- References
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Description
Strain Information
Type Inbred Strain; Additional information on Inbred Strains. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Mating System Sibling x Sibling (Female x Male) 01-MAR-06 Breeding Considerations This strain is a challenging breeder. Species laboratory mouse H2 Haplotype a Generation F293 (17-SEP-12)
Generation Definitions
View larger imageAppearance
albino
Related Genotype: a/a Tyrp1b/Tyrp1b Tyrc/TyrcImportant Note
This strain is homozygous for Cdh23ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, and ahl4, which on this background result in progressive hearing loss with onset between three and five months of age.Description
Developed by LC Strong in 1921 from a cross between a Cold Spring Harbor albino and a Bagg albino, the A/J inbred strain is widely used in cancer and immunology research. It is highly susceptible to cortisone-induced congenital cleft palate. It has a high incidence of spontaneous lung adenomas, and lung tumors readily develop in response to carcinogens. A high percentage of mammary adenocarcinomas (a large proportion of acinar-type) develop in multiparous females. Rare spontaneous myoepitheliomas arising from myoepithelial cells of various exocrine glands have been observed in The Jackson Laboratory substrains.A/J mice fed an atherogenic diet (1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid, and 15% fat) fail to develop atherosclerotic aortic lesions in contrast to several highly susceptible strains of mice (e.g. C57BL/6J, Stock No. 000664; C57L/J, Stock No. 000668, C57BR/cdJ, Stock No. 000667, and SM/J, Stock No. 000687). In addition to atherosclerosis resistance, A/J mice are resistant to diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. On either chow or high fat diet, A/J mice maintain low glucose and insulin levels.
A/J mice develop cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in approximately half the time when compared with C57BL/6J mice. Structural lung damage caused by induced asthma mimics the phenotype found in asthma patients more closely than does the induced damage in BALB/c mice.
A strain characteristic of A/J is a late onset (four to five months) progressive muscular dystrophy as a result of a homozygous retrotransposon insertion in the dysferlin (Dysf) gene. Myofibers in Dysfprmd homozygotes undergo degeneration and regeneration, and their nuclei are placed nuclei. Proximal muscles are more severely affected than distal muscles (Ho M, et al. 2004).
Sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of A/J reveals 10 adenines in a polymorphic adenine repeat sequence in the mt-Tr sequence. This repeat contains nine adenines in NOD/ShiLtJ, A/HeJ, A/WySnJ, and SKH2/J and 10 adenines in A/J, and NZB/B1NJ, and likely enhances the hearing loss associated with the Cdh23ahl allele (Johnson et al. 2001).
Related Strains
View A Strains (2 strains)
Facebase: models
000645 A/HeJ 000130 B6.C-H17c/(HW14)ByJ 000370 B6.C-H38c/(HW119)ByJ 001026 BALB/cByJ 000653 BUB/BnJ 000659 C3H/HeJ 000656 CBA/J 000657 CE/J 000352 CXB2/ByJ 000353 CXB3/ByJ 000354 CXB4/ByJ 000355 CXB5/ByJ 000357 CXB7/ByJ 000673 HRS/J 000679 P/J 000930 PERA/EiJ 000644 SEA/GnJ 000280 SF/CamEiJ
001137 129P1/ReJ 000690 129P3/J 000691 129X1/SvJ 000647 A/WySnJ 003070 ALR/LtJ 003072 ALS/LtJ 004502 B6;AKR-Lxl2/GrsrJ 001026 BALB/cByJ 000653 BUB/BnJ 005494 C3.129S1(B6)-Grm1rcw/J 000664 C57BL/6J 004764 C57BL/6J-Cdh23v-8J/J 003129 C57BL/6J-Epha4rb-2J/GrsrJ 004820 C57BL/6J-Kcne12J/J 004703 C57BL/6J-Kcnq2Nmf134/J 004811 C57BL/6J-nmf110/J 004812 C57BL/6J-nmf111/J 004747 C57BL/6J-nmf118/J 004656 C57BL/6J-nmf88/J 004391 C57BL/6J-Chr 13A/J/NaJ 004385 C57BL/6J-Chr 7A/J/NaJ 000662 C57BLKS/J 000667 C57BR/cdJ 000668 C57L/J 000669 C58/J 010614 CBACa.B6-Cdh23ahl/Kjn 000657 CE/J 000670 DBA/1J 001140 DBA/1LacJ 000671 DBA/2J 007048 DBA/2J-Gpnmb+/SjJ 002106 KK/HlJ 000675 LG/J 000676 LP/J 000677 MA/MyJ 001976 NOD/ShiLtJ 002050 NOR/LtJ 000679 P/J 002747 SENCARB/PtJ 002335 SKH2/J 003392 STOCK Crb1rd8/J
014192 B6.A-(rs3676616-D10Utsw1)/Kjn 004388 C57BL/6J-Chr 10A/J/NaJ
012767 B6.A-Dysfprmd/GeneJ 017917 B6.Cg-Dysfprmd Prkdcscid/J
000645 A/HeJ 000647 A/WySnJ 000648 AKR/J 000460 B10.D2-Hc0 H2d H2-T18c/o2SnJ 000461 B10.D2-Hc0 H2d H2-T18c/oSnJ 000657 CE/J 000671 DBA/2J 007048 DBA/2J-Gpnmb+/SjJ 001800 FVB/NJ 001491 FVB/NMob 000674 I/LnJ 001303 NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J 001976 NOD/ShiLtJ 000684 NZB/BlNJ 000682 RF/J 000688 ST/bJ 000689 SWR/J
000645 A/HeJ 000647 A/WySnJ 000648 AKR/J 000653 BUB/BnJ 000669 C58/J 000657 CE/J 000684 NZB/BlNJ 000682 RF/J 000687 SM/J
000651 BALB/cJ 000009 BXH14/TyJ 000038 BXH6/TyJ 000014 BXH7/TyJ 000665 C57BL/10J 000664 C57BL/6J 000669 C58/J
001673 AXB1/PgnJ 001681 AXB10/PgnJ 001826 AXB13/PgnJ 001684 AXB13a/PgnJ 001687 AXB19/PgnJ 001688 AXB19b/PgnJ 001674 AXB2/PgnJ 001690 AXB23/PgnJ 001676 AXB4/PgnJ 001678 AXB6/PgnJ 001701 BXA13/PgnJ 001702 BXA14/PgnJ 001703 BXA16/PgnJ 001710 BXA24/PgnJ 001711 BXA25/PgnJ 001999 BXA26/PgnJ 001694 BXA4/PgnJ 001696 BXA7/PgnJ 001697 BXA8/PgnJ
000648 AKR/J 000779 AKXD14/TyJ 000780 AKXD23/TyJ 000764 AKXD27/TyJ 000777 AKXD6/TyJ 000667 C57BR/cdJ 000668 C57L/J 000669 C58/J 000682 RF/J 000644 SEA/GnJ 000686 SJL/J 000688 ST/bJ
000645 A/HeJ 000647 A/WySnJ 001690 AXB23/PgnJ
003072 ALS/LtJ 001976 NOD/ShiLtJ 000684 NZB/BlNJ
000690 129P3/J 000648 AKR/J 002920 B6(D2N).Spretus-Ahrb-3/J 006203 B6.129(FVB)-Ahrtm3.1Bra/J 002831 B6.129-Ahrtm1Bra/J 000136 B6.C-H34c/(HW22)ByJ 008599 B6.Cg-Cyp1a2/Cyp1a1tm2Dwn Ahrd Tg(CYP1A1,CYP1A2)1Dwn/DwnJ 002921 B6.D2N-Ahrd/J 002727 B6;129-Ahrtm1Bra/J 000652 BDP/J 000663 C57BL/6By 001139 C57BL/6ByJ 000664 C57BL/6J 000662 C57BLKS/J 000667 C57BR/cdJ 000668 C57L/J 000669 C58/J 000926 CAROLI/EiJ 000928 CAST/EiJ 000351 CXB1/ByJ 000356 CXB6/ByJ 002937 D2.B6-Ahrb-1/J 000671 DBA/2J 000674 I/LnJ 000675 LG/J 000676 LP/J 000677 MA/MyJ 000550 MOLF/EiJ 000684 NZB/BlNJ 000726 RBF/DnJ 000682 RF/J 000686 SJL/J 001146 SPRET/EiJ 000688 ST/bJ 000689 SWR/J 000693 WC/ReJ KitlSl/J 000933 YBR/EiJ
002552 B6(V)-Cdh23v-2J/J 002756 B6.CAST-Cdh23Ahl+/Kjn 010615 B6.CBACa-Cdh23CBA/CaJ/Kjn 002432 B6J x B6.C-H2-Kbm1/ByJ-Cdh23v-J/J 004764 C57BL/6J-Cdh23v-8J/J 004819 C57BL/6J-Cdh23v-9J/J 005016 CByJ;B6-Cdh23v-10J/J 000275 V/LeJ
014192 B6.A-(rs3676616-D10Utsw1)/Kjn
006830 129-Dysftm1Kcam/J 011128 B10.SJL-Dysfim/AwaJ 013149 B6.129-Dysftm1Kcam/J 017644 B6;129S6-Dysftm2.1Kcam/J 000686 SJL/J
000470 AK.M-H2m H2-T18a/nSnJ 005308 B10.Cg-H2d Tg(TcraCl4,TcrbCl4)1Shrm/ShrmJ 000463 B10.D2-Hc1 H2d H2-T18c/nSnJ 003147 B10.D2-Hc1 H2d H2-T18c/nSnJ-Tg(DO11.10)10Dlo/J 004306 NOD.CBALs-Hc1/LtJ
000032 BXH10/TyJ 000033 BXH19/TyJ 000011 BXH4/TyJ 000076 BXH8/TyJ 000008 BXH9/TyJ 000260 JGBF/LeJ 000072 JGBF/LeTyJ
013574 FVB/N-Tg(149m19)M141Kunst/J
000690 129P3/J 000765 AKXD13/TyJ 000954 AKXD15/TyJ 001093 AKXD18/TyJ 000947 AKXD22/TyJ 000763 AKXD9/TyJ 000654 CBA/CaJ 000670 DBA/1J
008469 STOCK Wnt9btm1.2Amc/J
Additional Web Information
JAX® NOTES, April 1988; 433. H-2 Haplotypes of Mice from Jackson Laboratory Production Colonies.
JAX® NOTES, Spring 2004; 493. Chromosome Substitution Strain Panel: A New Tool for Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis.
JAX® NOTES, Summer 1992; 450. Myoepitheliomas in Inbred Laboratory Mice.
JAX® NOTES, Winter 2006; 504. JAX® Mice: the Gold Standard Just Got Better.
Mouse Phenome Database / SNP Facility
National Center for Biotechnology Information / SNP Data
Sequence data is available from the Mouse Genomes Project at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Phenotype
Phenotype Information
Mouse Phenome Database
Festing Inbred Strain Characteristics: A
- Model with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs. Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of those genes appear in the mouse genotype(s).
Miyoshi Muscular Dystrophy 1; MMD1
Muscular Dystrophy, Limb-Girdle, Type 2B; LGMD2B
Myopathy, Distal, with Anterior Tibial Onset; DMAT
- Potential model based on gene homology relationships. Phenotypic similarity to the human disease has not been tested. Complement Component 5 Deficiency; C5D (C5)
Deafness, Autosomal Recessive 12; DFNB12 (CDH23)
Usher Syndrome, Type ID; USH1D (CDH23)
assigned by genotype
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- cochlear hair cell degeneration
- at 30 days of age a hair cell lesion is found in the basal turn of the cochlea in A/J although the spiral ganglion appear normal in all turns including the basal turn (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
- at 9 weeks of age there is a massive loss of inner and outer hair cells from the mid-basal turn of the cochlea and a moderate loss of inner and outer hair cells from the mid-apical turn (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
- at 20 weeks of age there is a massive loss of inner and outer hair cells throughout the cochlea, except for the apical 10% (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
- loss of cochlear hair cells begins around 16 days of age, spreads from base to apex, and outer hair cells are more vulnerable to loss than are inner hair cells (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
- nervous system phenotype
- cochlear hair cell degeneration
- at 30 days of age a hair cell lesion is found in the basal turn of the cochlea in A/J although the spiral ganglion appear normal in all turns including the basal turn (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
- at 9 weeks of age there is a massive loss of inner and outer hair cells from the mid-basal turn of the cochlea and a moderate loss of inner and outer hair cells from the mid-apical turn (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
- at 20 weeks of age there is a massive loss of inner and outer hair cells throughout the cochlea, except for the apical 10% (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
- loss of cochlear hair cells begins around 16 days of age, spreads from base to apex, and outer hair cells are more vulnerable to loss than are inner hair cells (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal neutrophil physiology
- subsequent to ip injection of 15mg/kg LPS, A/J mice show highly diminished neutrophil infiltration into hepatic sinusoids compared with C57BL/6J controls (MGI Ref ID J:51631)
- decreased acute inflammation
- subsequent to ip injection of 15mg/kg LPS, A/J mice have decreased hepatic, pulmonary and intestinal neutrophil infiltrate compared with C57BL/6J mice (MGI Ref ID J:51631)
Cdh23ahl/Cdh23ahl mt-Trm1/?
either: A/J X (A/J x CAST/Ei)F1 or A/J X (CAST/Ei x A/J)F1
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
- average ABR threshold is significantly increased by 3 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:67312)
- increased susceptibility to age-related hearing loss
- the presence of this mitochondrial sequence polymorphism in mice homozygous for the ahl allele results in age related hearing loss by 3 months of age, which is absent when the CAST/Ei mitochondrial sequence is instead present (MGI Ref ID J:67312)
Csahl4-A/J/Csahl4-A/J
A/J
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- impaired hearing (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
- increased or absent threshold for auditory brainstem response
- in A/J mice ABR thresholds at 16 and 32 kHz are elevated by 25 days of age and by 3 months of age the ABR thresholds are more than 50 dB above normal (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
- increased susceptibility to age-related hearing loss
- in A/J mice onset of hearing loss is found as early as 25 days of age and is much more severe at 6 months of age than that found in C57BL/6J (MGI Ref ID J:139222)
Dysfprmd/Dysfprmd
A/J
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal physical strength (MGI Ref ID J:92838)
- limb grasping
- muscle phenotype
- abnormal skeletal muscle morphology
- abnormal skeletal muscle fiber morphology
- centrally nucleated skeletal muscle fibers (MGI Ref ID J:92838)
- skeletal muscle fiber degeneration
- fibers with scattered degenerating and regenerating fibers by 4-5 months of age (MGI Ref ID J:92838)
- skeletal muscle fiber necrosis
- increased numbers of necrotic and regenerating fibers with time (MGI Ref ID J:92838)
- skeletal muscle endomysial fibrosis
- endomysial fibrosis at later stages (MGI Ref ID J:92838)
Il3ram1/Il3ram1
A/J
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- abnormal common myeloid progenitor cell morphology
- CFU-GM assays using bone marrow derived cells yield very few colonies in repsonse to interleukin 3, but normal colony growth occurs in response to GM-CSF (MGI Ref ID J:24918)
- abnormal leukopoiesis
- Il3 alone does not support granulocyte/macrophage colony formation in bone marrow cells from A/J mice but does in bone marrow from C57BL/6 controls; costimulation with both Il3 and SCF increases the number of colonies formed compared to SCF alone (MGI Ref ID J:23971)
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal leukopoiesis
- Il3 alone does not support granulocyte/macrophage colony formation in bone marrow cells from A/J mice but does in bone marrow from C57BL/6 controls; costimulation with both Il3 and SCF increases the number of colonies formed compared to SCF alone (MGI Ref ID J:23971)
Naip5Lgn1-s/Naip5Lgn1-s
A/J
- immune system phenotype
- increased susceptibility to bacterial infection
- peritoneal macrophages derived from A/J mice are susceptible to Legionella pneumophilia infection; infected macrophages show a 10-fold increase in bacterial burden after 1 day of infection compared to resistant controls (C57BL/6J) (MGI Ref ID J:20633)
Nrg3ska/Nrg3ska
A/J
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- abnormal mammary gland development
- 95% of female A/J mice display an altered pattern of mammary gland development compared with C57BL/6 which showed no abnormalities in this study (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- abnormal mammary gland pattern
- 95% of females have abnormal mammary gland development (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- absent mammary gland
- ectopic mammary gland
- supernumerary mammary glands
- abnormal nipple development (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- ectopic nipples (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- supernumerary nipples
- most commonly observed laterally to a #4 gland and displaced away from the mid-line (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- connected to distinct underlying ductal systems; not connected to the major ductal system of the normal gland (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- easily observed at 21 days of age (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- this phenotype or supernumerary mammary glands comprise 31% of mice observed (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- integument phenotype
- abnormal mammary gland development
- 95% of female A/J mice display an altered pattern of mammary gland development compared with C57BL/6 which showed no abnormalities in this study (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- abnormal mammary gland pattern
- 95% of females have abnormal mammary gland development (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- absent mammary gland
- ectopic mammary gland
- supernumerary mammary glands
- abnormal nipple development (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- ectopic nipples (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- supernumerary nipples
- most commonly observed laterally to a #4 gland and displaced away from the mid-line (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- connected to distinct underlying ductal systems; not connected to the major ductal system of the normal gland (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- easily observed at 21 days of age (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
- this phenotype or supernumerary mammary glands comprise 31% of mice observed (MGI Ref ID J:60708)
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:
Cdh23ahl relatedCancer Research
Increased Tumor Incidence
Adenomas
Adenomas: lung
Mammary Gland Tumors
Mammary Gland Tumors: late onset
Cardiovascular Research
Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
Relatively Resistant
Developmental Biology Research
Craniofacial and Palate Defects
congenital cleft palate
Internal/Organ Defects
gonads
Internal/Organ Research
Lung Defects
COPD
emphysema
Neurobiology Research
Hearing Defects
Age related hearing loss
Muscular Dystrophy
Limb-Girdle type
Research Tools
General Purpose
Immunology and Inflammation Research
hybridoma production
Sensorineural Research
Hearing Defects
Age related hearing loss
Dysfprmd relatedNeurobiology Research
Hearing Defects
Age related hearing loss
Sensorineural Research
Hearing Defects
Age related hearing loss
Hc0 relatedMouse/Human Gene Homologs
muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle
type 2B
Il3ram1 relatedImmunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Immunodeficiency
specific complement deficiency
Research Tools
Immunology and Inflammation Research
specific complement deficiency, C5 complement
Naip5Lgn1-s relatedImmunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
CD Antigens, Antigen Receptors, and Histocompatibility Markers
genes regulating susceptibility to infectious disease and endotoxin
Immunodeficiency
Macrophage defects
Genes & Alleles
Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI
| Allele Symbol | Ahrb-2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Allele Name | b-2 variant | ||
| Allele Type | Not Applicable | ||
| Common Name(s) | Ahb-2; Ahh; | ||
| Strain of Origin | BALB/cBy | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Ahr, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor | ||
| Chromosome | 12 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | Ah; Ahh; Ahre; In; aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness; aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; bHLHe76; dioxin receptor; inflammatory reactivity; | ||
| General Note |
C57BL/6 carries the responsive Ahrb allele; DBA/2 carries nonresponsive Ahrd. Heterozygotes (Ahrb/Ahrd) are responsive (J:5282). Later work identified a second (J:8895) and later a third (J:22144) allele conferring response. Thus the allele in C57, C58, and MA/My strains is now Ahrb-1; Ahrb-2 is carried by BALB/cBy, A, and C3H; and Ahrb-3 by Mus spretus, M. caroli, and MOLF/Ei. The nonresponsive strains AKR, DBA/2, and 129 carry Ahrd (J:22144). Nucleotide and amino acid sequence differences between Ahrb-1 and Ahrd have been determined (J:17460). Strain of origin - this allele was found in BALB/cByJ, A/J, C3H/HeJ, CBA strains | ||
| Molecular Note | This allele encodes a high affinity, heat labile, 104 kDa receptor containing 848 amino acids. Sequencing studies of cDNA from C57BL/6J congenic mice homozygous for this allele identified nucleotide substitutions in the ORF that would cause 5 amino acid differences between the C57BL/6J and BALB/cBy peptides, and 2 amino acid differences between the BALB/cBy and DBA/2J peptides. A T to C transition in exon 11 replaces the opal termination codon in the C57BL/6J allele with an arginine codon in the BALB/cByallele. This change would extend translation of the BALB/cBy mRNA by 43 amino acids, accounting for the larger size of the peptide produced by this allele (104 kDa, vs 95 kDa for the C57BL/6J allele). [MGI Ref ID J:15153] [MGI Ref ID J:22144] | ||
| Allele Symbol | Cdh23ahl | ||
| Allele Name | age related hearing loss 1 | ||
| Allele Type | QTL | ||
| Common Name(s) | Cdh23753A; mdfw; | ||
| Strain of Origin | multiple strains | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Cdh23, cadherin 23 (otocadherin) | ||
| Chromosome | 10 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | 4930542A03Rik; CDHR23; RIKEN cDNA 4930542A03 gene; USH1D; W; age related hearing loss 1; ahl; bob; bobby; bus; bustling; mdfw; modifier of deaf waddler; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 112; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 181; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 252; nmf112; nmf181; nmf252; sals; salsa; v; waltzer; | ||
| Molecular Note | Genetic complementation tests have shown allelism between the mdfw (modifier of deaf waddler) locus and the ahl locus. Further analysis has identified an association between ahl and a G to A transition at nucleotide position 753 of Cdh23. This hypomorphic allele causes in frame skipping of exon 7 and reduced message stability. Twenty-seven strains classified with ahl and carrying the 753A allele include: CD1, RBF/DnJ, PL/J, AKR/J, RF/J, BALB/cBy, A/WySnJ, P/J, SENCARA/PtJ, DBA/1J, ALS/LtJ, C58/J, C57BLKS/J, 129P1/ReJ, C57BR/cd, SKH2/J, BUB/Bn, MA/MyJ, LP/J, 129X1/SvJ, NOR/LtJ, A/J, C57BL/6, NOD/LtJ, DBA/2J, ALR/LtJ, C57L/J. Strains classified with ahl that DO NOT carry this mutation include: C3H/HeSnJ, I/LnJ,YBR/Ei, MRL/MpJ. [MGI Ref ID J:86905] | ||
| Allele Symbol | Csahl4-A/J | ||
| Allele Name | A/J | ||
| Allele Type | QTL | ||
| Strain of Origin | A/J | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Cs, citrate synthase | ||
| Chromosome | 10 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | 2610511A05Rik; 9030605P22Rik; BB234005; Cis; RIKEN cDNA 2610511A05 gene; RIKEN cDNA 9030605P22 gene; age related hearing loss 4; ahl4; expressed sequence BB234005; | ||
| Molecular Note | The C to A nucleotide change in exon 3 of Cs in A/J (SNP rs29358506) mice causes a nonconservative amino acid change, from histidine (H) to asparagine (N) at position 55 of the CS protein (H55N). This histidine is highly conserved in the orthologous proteins of all mammals and in many other species indicating that it is likely to be functionally important. | ||
| Allele Symbol | Dysfprmd | ||
| Allele Name | progressive muscular dystrophy | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Mutation Made By | Douglas Albrecht, Jain Foundation Inc | ||
| Strain of Origin | A/J | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Dysf, dysferlin | ||
| Chromosome | 6 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | 2310004N10Rik; AI604795; D6Pas3; DNA segment, Chr 6, Pasteur Institute 3; FER1L1; LGMD2B; MMD1; RIKEN cDNA 2310004N10 gene; expressed sequence AI604795; | ||
| Molecular Note | A retrotransposon insertion occurred within intron 4, causing aberrant splicing of the gene. Protein was abolished as shown by Northern blot and immunoblot analysis. The insertion was 6000bp in size. This allele was found only in A/J mice, not in A/WySnJ, A/HeJ, C57BL/6J, SJL/J, SWR/J or 129/SvJ mice. [MGI Ref ID J:149430] [MGI Ref ID J:149432] [MGI Ref ID J:92838] | ||
| Allele Symbol | Hc0 | ||
| Allele Name | deficient | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Common Name(s) | C5-; C5-d; C5-def; C5-deficient; hco; | ||
| Strain of Origin | multiple strains | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Hc, hemolytic complement | ||
| Chromosome | 2 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | C5; C5a; C5b; CPAMD4; He; RGD1561905; | ||
| General Note |
This is an allele characteristic of various inbred mouse strains including the following: A/HeJ, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ Hc was identified as a candidate gene for Abhr2 in a microarray analysis of lung mRNA from A/J, C3H/HeJ, and (A/J x C3H/HeJ)F1 x A/J backcross animals. Hc genotype shows statistically significant correlation to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsive phenotype. The A/J allele contains a 2 bp deletion resulting in deficient Hc mRNA and protein production and is associated with susceptibility to allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness. (J:108211) | ||
| Molecular Note | A 2 base "TA" deletion at positions 62 and 63 of an 83 base pair exon near the 5' end of the gene is found in the following mouse strains: A/HeJ, AKR/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, SWR/J, B10.D2/oSnJ. The consequence of this deletion is the creation of a stop codon starting four bases after the deletion. A truncated product of 216 amino acids is predicted as a result although contradictory reports exist that a larger pro-C5 protein may be synthesized. Nevertheless, macrophages from mouse strains carrying this allele do not secrete complement 5. [MGI Ref ID J:23983] [MGI Ref ID J:5016] | ||
| Allele Symbol | Il3ram1 | ||
| Allele Name | mutation 1 | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Common Name(s) | Il3raA/J; Il3ran; | ||
| Strain of Origin | A/J | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Il3ra, interleukin 3 receptor, alpha chain | ||
| Chromosome | 14 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | CD123; Cyrl; IL-3 receptor alpha chain; IL3R; IL3RAY; IL3RX; IL3RY; SUT-1; hIL-3Ra; | ||
| Molecular Note | Sequence analysis revealed A/J mice lack the sequence corresponding to exon 8, which encodes 10 amino acid residues in the extracellular domain. Aberrant splicing was due to a 5 base pair deletion at the branch point in intron 7. [MGI Ref ID J:23971] | ||
| Allele Symbol | Micrln | ||
| Allele Name | non-responder | ||
| Allele Type | QTL | ||
| Strain of Origin | multiple strains | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Micrl, microwave induced increase in complement receptor B cells | ||
| Chromosome | 5 | ||
| General Note |
The following inbred strains are homozygous for the recessive QTL, Micrl | ||
| Allele Symbol | Naip5Lgn1-s | ||
| Allele Name | Legionella, susceptiblility 1 | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Common Name(s) | Lgn1s; | ||
| Strain of Origin | A/J | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Naip5, NLR family, apoptosis inhibitory protein 5 | ||
| Chromosome | 13 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | BIRC1; Birc1a; Birc1b; Birc1e; Legionella, susceptiblility 1; Lgn1; NLRB1; Naip; Naip-rs3; Naip2; RGD1559914; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 1e; neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein 5; neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein, related sequence 3; psiNAIP; | ||
| Molecular Note | A/J mice are susceptible to infection by Legionella pneumophilia. This susceptibility is heritable and is caused by a polymorphism in the Naip5 gene. Expression of BAC clones containing the Naip5 gene from resistant strains (C57BL/6J and 129X1/SvJ) in A/J mice rendered transgenic mice resistant to infection (J:81887, J:129300). In addition, Western blot experiments demonstrated that the NAIP5 protein is not expressed in A/J macrophages, while robust expression is seen in macrophages from resistant strains such as C57BL/6J. Sequence polymorphisms in this gene between susceptible and resistant strains were identified that may account for the difference in phenotype. In addition, morpholino antisense inhibition of NAIP5 activity in mouse macrophages fromresistant mice resulted in an increase in permissiveness of Legionella replication (J:129300). [MGI Ref ID J:129300] [MGI Ref ID J:81887] | ||
| Allele Symbol | Nrg3ska | ||
| Allele Name | scaramanga | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Common Name(s) | ska; | ||
| Strain of Origin | A/J | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Nrg3, neuregulin 3 | ||
| Chromosome | 14 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | HRG3; RGD1559678; pro-NRG3; scaramanga; ska; | ||
| Molecular Note | This allele maps to an interval between the microsatellite markers D14Mit14 and D14Mit80 located at 10.0 cM and 13.5 cM. The mutation identified is a microsatellite repeat within intron 7 of the gene. This simple sequence repeat (SSR) was found to completely cosegregate with the ska phenotype. [MGI Ref ID J:100495] | ||
| Allele Symbol | Rmcfs | ||
| Allele Name | MCF sensitive | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Strain of Origin | multiple strains | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Rmcf, resistance to MCF virus | ||
| Chromosome | 5 | ||
| General Note |
This locus controls resistance and susceptibility of cells in tissue culture to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The allele Rmcfr determines resistance and occurs in strains DBA/1, DBA/2, and CBA/Ca; the allele Rmcfs determines susceptibility and occurs in strains AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB, 129/J, and many others. Heterozygotes are as resistant as the resistant parent or nearly so. Rmcf is different from and independent of Fv1,a locus that controls susceptibility to infection by ecotropic viruses. Rmcf is located on Chr 5 close to Hm near the centromeric end (J:7108). Rmcfr protects (AKR x CBA/Ca)F1 and (AKR x DBA/2)F1 hybrids from development of spontaneous thymic lymphomas and reduces the incidence of MCF-induced thymic lymphomas (J:7175). It also reduces susceptibility of cells of Sxvs/Sxvr mice to exogenous xenotropic viruses (J:7951). In addition, in strains susceptible to Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia, a condition thought to be due to the replication of MCF virus, Rmcfr increases resistance to the virus-induced erythroleukemia. It may cause resistance by coding for or regulating the production of an MCF-related envelope glycoprotein that blocks the receptor for MCF viruses (J:8074). This conclusion is reinforced by the findings of Buller et al. (J:8497), who showed that the Rmcfr allele contains an endogenous MCF gp70 env gene and that theRmcfs allele, at least in some strains (C57BL/6, CBA/J, and A/WySn), contains a xenotropic gp70 env gene. Presumably the MCF gp70 inhibits exogenous MCF infection in vitro by a mechanism of viral interference. | ||
| Molecular Note | This locus controls resistance of cells to infection by mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia viruses. The recessive s (susceptible) allele is found in AKR/J, C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA/J, NFS, NZB and 129/J. | ||
| Allele Symbol | Wnt9bclf1 | ||
| Allele Name | cleft lip 1 | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Strain of Origin | A/WySn | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Wnt9b, wingless-type MMTV integration site 9B | ||
| Chromosome | 11 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | WNT14B; WNT15; Wnt15; cleft lip; cleft lip 1; clf; clf1; wingless-type MMTV integration site 15; | ||
| General Note | Unequal duplicate epistasis - the normal allele at clf1 is a dominant suppressor of the recessive phenotype at clf2, and the normal allele at clf2 is a semidominant suppressor of the recessive phenotype at the clf1 locus. | ||
| Molecular Note | This mutation is a novel insertion of an IAP transposon 3' from the gene. In addition, a standard genetic test of allelism between clf1 and a Wnt9b targeted mutation demonstrated noncomplementation, showing clf1 is an allele of Wnt9b. [MGI Ref ID J:117594] [MGI Ref ID J:96061] | ||
| Allele Symbol | mt-Trm1 | ||
| Allele Name | mutation 1 | ||
| Allele Type | Spontaneous | ||
| Common Name(s) | 10A; | ||
| Strain of Origin | various | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | mt-Tr, mitochondrially encoded tRNA arginine | ||
| Chromosome | MT | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | TrnR tRNA; tRNA; tRNA-Arg; | ||
| General Note | This polymorphism is present in A/J, NZB/B1NJ, ALS/Lt and NOD/ShiLtJ. A variant with 9 adenines is found in NOD/ShiLtDvs, ALR/Lt and SKH2/J. | ||
| Molecular Note | The adenine repeat in the D stem is polymorphic with 10 adenines in this allele. [MGI Ref ID J:67312] [MGI Ref ID J:97969] | ||
Genotyping
Genotyping Information
Inbred mouse strains are maintained through sibling (sister x brother) matings; no genotyping required.
Helpful Links
Genotyping resources and troubleshooting
References
References provided by MGI
Selected Reference(s)
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Additional References
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Diez E; Lee SH; Gauthier S; Yaraghi Z; Tremblay M; Vidal S; Gros P. 2003. Birc1e is the gene within the Lgn1 locus associated with resistance to Legionella pneumophila. Nat Genet 33(1):55-60. [PubMed: 12483212] [MGI Ref ID J:81887]
Fortier A; de Chastellier C; Balor S; Gros P. 2007. Birc1e/Naip5 rapidly antagonizes modulation of phagosome maturation by Legionella pneumophila. Cell Microbiol 9(4):910-23. [PubMed: 17087731] [MGI Ref ID J:148674]
Lamkanfi M; Amer A; Kanneganti TD; Munoz-Planillo R; Chen G; Vandenabeele P; Fortier A; Gros P; Nunez G. 2007. The Nod-like receptor family member Naip5/Birc1e restricts Legionella pneumophila growth independently of caspase-1 activation. J Immunol 178(12):8022-7. [PubMed: 17548639] [MGI Ref ID J:148581]
Losick VP; Stephan K; Smirnova II; Isberg RR; Poltorak A. 2009. A hemidominant Naip5 allele in mouse strain MOLF/Ei-derived macrophages restricts Legionella pneumophila intracellular growth. Infect Immun 77(1):196-204. [PubMed: 18981241] [MGI Ref ID J:143768]
Miyamoto H; Maruta K; Ogawa M; Beckers MC; Gros P; Yoshida S. 1996. Spectrum of Legionella species whose intracellular multiplication in murine macrophages is genetically controlled by Lgn1. Infect Immun 64(5):1842-5. [PubMed: 8613400] [MGI Ref ID J:33896]
Molofsky AB; Byrne BG; Whitfield NN; Madigan CA; Fuse ET; Tateda K; Swanson MS. 2006. Cytosolic recognition of flagellin by mouse macrophages restricts Legionella pneumophila infection. J Exp Med 203(4):1093-104. [PubMed: 16606669] [MGI Ref ID J:123813]
Wright EK; Goodart SA; Growney JD; Hadinoto V; Endrizzi MG; Long EM; Sadigh K; Abney AL; Bernstein-Hanley I; Dietrich WF. 2003. Naip5 affects host susceptibility to the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Curr Biol 13(1):27-36. [PubMed: 12526741] [MGI Ref ID J:129300]
Yamamoto Y; Klein TW; Brown RK; Friedman H. 1992. Electron micrographic analysis of macrophages from genetically susceptible vs. resistant mice infected with Legionella pneumophila J Leukoc Biol Suppl 3:1-63 (35). [PubMed: 1392410] [MGI Ref ID J:2930]
Yamamoto Y; Klein TW; Friedman H. 1992. Genetic control of macrophage susceptibility to infection by Legionella pneumophila. FEMS Microbiol Immunol 4(3):137-45. [PubMed: 1575991] [MGI Ref ID J:1635]
Yoshida S; Goto Y; Mizuguchi Y; Nomoto K; Skamene E. 1991. Genetic control of natural resistance in mouse macrophages regulating intracellular Legionella pneumophila multiplication in vitro. Infect Immun 59(1):428-32. [PubMed: 1987055] [MGI Ref ID J:20633]
Rmcfs relatedHoward B; Panchal H; McCarthy A; Ashworth A. 2005. Identification of the scaramanga gene implicates Neuregulin3 in mammary gland specification. Genes Dev 19(17):2078-90. [PubMed: 16140987] [MGI Ref ID J:100495]
Howard BA; Gusterson BA. 2000. Mammary gland patterning in the AXB/BXA recombinant inbred strains of mouse. Mech Dev 91(1-2):305-9. [PubMed: 10704854] [MGI Ref ID J:61355]
Howard BA; Gusterson BA. 2000. The characterization of a mouse mutant that displays abnormal mammary gland development. Mamm Genome 11(3):234-7. [PubMed: 10723730] [MGI Ref ID J:60708]
Wnt9bclf1 relatedBuller RS; Sitbon M; Portis JL. 1988. The endogenous mink cell focus-forming (MCF) gp70 linked to the Rmcf gene restricts MCF virus replication in vivo and provides partial resistance to erythroleukemia induced by Friend murine leukemia virus. J Exp Med 167(5):1535-46. [PubMed: 2835418] [MGI Ref ID J:27618]
Hartley JW; Yetter RA; Morse HC 3rd. 1983. A mouse gene on chromosome 5 that restricts infectivity of mink cell focus-forming recombinant murine leukemia viruses. J Exp Med 158(1):16-24. [PubMed: 6306133] [MGI Ref ID J:7108]
Jung YT; Lyu MS; Buckler-White A; Kozak CA. 2002. Characterization of a polytropic murine leukemia virus proviral sequence associated with the virus resistance gene Rmcf of DBA/2 mice. J Virol 76(16):8218-24. [PubMed: 12134027] [MGI Ref ID J:78083]
mt-Trm1 relatedJuriloff DM. 1995. Genetic analysis of the construction of the AEJ.A congenic strain indicates that nonsyndromic CL(P) in the mouse is caused by two loci with epistatic interaction. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 15(1):1-12. [PubMed: 7601909] [MGI Ref ID J:25484]
Juriloff DM. 1986. Major genes that cause cleft lip in mice: progress in the construction of a congenic strain and in linkage mapping. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol Suppl 2:55-66. [PubMed: 3491125] [MGI Ref ID J:22596]
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Brown CJ. 2001. Unravelling the complex genetics of cleft lip in the mouse model. Mamm Genome 12(6):426-35. [PubMed: 11353389] [MGI Ref ID J:69826]
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Dewell SL. 2004. A digenic cause of cleft lip in A-strain mice and definition of candidate genes for the two loci. Birth Defects Res Part A Clin Mol Teratol 70(8):509-18. [PubMed: 15329828] [MGI Ref ID J:92341]
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; Dewell SL; Brown CJ; Mager DL; Gagnier L; Mah DG. 2005. Investigations of the genomic region that contains the clf1 mutation, a causal gene in multifactorial cleft lip and palate in mice. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 73(2):103-13. [PubMed: 15690355] [MGI Ref ID J:96061]
Juriloff DM; Harris MJ; McMahon AP; Carroll TJ; Lidral AC. 2006. Wnt9b is the mutated gene involved in multifactorial nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in A/WySn mice, as confirmed by a genetic complementation test. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 76(8):574-9. [PubMed: 16998816] [MGI Ref ID J:117594]
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Health & husbandry
Health & Colony Maintenance Information
Animal Health Reports
Room Number AX9
Room Number MP14
Room Number MP16
Room Number RB04
Colony Maintenance
Mating System Sibling x Sibling (Female x Male) 01-MAR-06 Breeding Considerations This strain is a challenging breeder. Diet Information LabDiet® 5K52/5K67
Pricing and Purchasing
Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls
| Pricing for USA, Canada and Mexico shipping destinations |
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Live Mice
Weeks of Age Price per mouse (US dollars $) Gender 3 weeks $26.00 Female or Male 4 weeks $26.00 Female or Male 5 weeks $26.00 Female or Male 6 weeks $28.40 Female or Male 7 weeks $30.95 Female or Male 8 weeks $33.35 Female or Male 9 weeks $35.90 Female or Male 10 weeks $38.40 Female or Male 11 weeks $40.85 Female or Male 12 weeks $43.35 Female or Male 13 weeks $45.80 Female or Male 14 weeks $48.30 Female or Male 15 weeks $50.75 Female or Male Standard Supply
Level 2. Up to 100 mice. Larger quantities or custom orders arranged upon request.
Supply Notes
Volume pricing is available for this strain. View our Volume Pricing Program for information.- This strain is available from both the Bar Harbor, Maine and Sacramento, Calif. facilities.
- Shipped at a specific age in weeks. Mice at a precise age in days, littermates and retired breeders are also available.
| Pricing for International shipping destinations |
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Live Mice
Weeks of Age Price per mouse (US dollars $) Gender 3 weeks $33.80 Female or Male 4 weeks $33.80 Female or Male 5 weeks $33.80 Female or Male 6 weeks $37.00 Female or Male 7 weeks $40.30 Female or Male 8 weeks $43.40 Female or Male 9 weeks $46.70 Female or Male 10 weeks $50.00 Female or Male 11 weeks $53.20 Female or Male 12 weeks $56.40 Female or Male 13 weeks $59.60 Female or Male 14 weeks $62.80 Female or Male 15 weeks $66.00 Female or Male Standard Supply
Level 2. Up to 100 mice. Larger quantities or custom orders arranged upon request.
Supply Notes
- Shipped at a specific age in weeks. Mice at a precise age in days, littermates and retired breeders are also available.
- This strain is available from some international Charles River (CR) breeding facilities in Japan and/or Europe. For more information, see the Worldwide Distributor List for JAX® Mice.
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Standard Supply
Level 2. Up to 100 mice. Larger quantities or custom orders arranged upon request.
General Supply Notes
- Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.
Important Note
This strain is homozygous for Cdh23ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, and ahl4, which on this background result in progressive hearing loss with onset between three and five months of age.
Payment Terms and Conditions
Terms are granted by individual review and stated on the customer invoice(s) and account statement. These transactions are payable in U.S. currency within the granted terms. Payment for services, products, shipping containers, and shipping costs that are rendered are expected within the payment terms indicated on the invoice or stated by contract. Invoices and account balances in arrears of stated terms may result in The Jackson Laboratory pursuing collection activities including but not limited to outside agencies and court filings.
See Terms of Use tab for General Terms and Conditions
The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise
The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.Ordering Information
JAX® Mice
Surgical and Preconditioning Services
JAX® Services
Customer Services and Support
Tel: 1-800-422-6423 or 1-207-288-5845
Fax: 1-207-288-6150
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Terms of Use
Terms of Use
General Terms and Conditions
Contact information
General inquiries regarding Terms of UseContracts Administration
| phone: | 207-288-6470 |
| fax: | 207-288-6655 |
JAX® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use
"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCTS" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or services provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE or PRODUCTS from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON's prior written authorization.No Warranty
MICE, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES ARE PROVIDED “AS IS”. JACKSON EXTENDS NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, WITH RESPECT TO MICE, PRODUCTS OR SERVICES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of mice, products or services, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the mice or product received or the services provided.
No Liability
In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. Unless prohibited by law, in purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS or services from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.
MICE and PRODUCTS are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.
The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS or services may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and services by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.
Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or services by JACKSON.