Description

Strain Information

Type Spontaneous Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Type Inbred Strain; Additional information on Inbred Strains. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Mating System Sibling x Sibling         (Female x Male)   01-MAR-06 Breeding Considerations This strain is a good breeder. Species laboratory mouse H2 Haplotype b Generation F226pF227 (02-JAN-10) Generation Definitions The Jackson Laboratory Genetic Stability Program is covered under U.S. patent number 7592501, a license from JAX is required to practice under this patent.

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Related Genotype: a/a

Important Note
This strain is homozygous for Cdh23^ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, which on this background results in progressive hearing loss with onset after 10 months of age.

Description
C57BL/6 is the most widely used inbred strain. It is commonly used as a general purpose strain and background strain for the generation of congenics carrying both spontaneous and induced mutations. Although this strain is refractory to many tumors, it is a permissive background for maximal expression of most mutations. C57BL/6J mice are used in a wide variety of research areas including cardiovascular biology, developmental biology, diabetes and obesity, genetics, immunology, neurobiology, and sensorineural research. C57BL/6J mice are also commonly used in the production of transgenic mice. Overall, C57BL/6 mice breed well, are long-lived, and have a low susceptibility to tumors. Primitive hematopoietic stem cells from C57BL/6J mice show greatly delayed senescence relative to BALB/c and DBA/2J. This is a dominant trait. Other characteristics include: 1) a high susceptibility to diet-induced obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis; 2) a high incidence of microphthalmia and other associated eye abnormalities; 3) resistance to audiogenic seizures; 4) low bone density; 5) hereditary hydrocephalus (early reports indicate 1 - 4 %); 6) hairloss associated with overgrooming, 7) a preference for alcohol and morphine; 8) late-onset hearing loss; and 9) increased incidence of hydrocephalus and malocclusion.

C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet develop obesity, mild to moderate hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia (see JAX^® Diet-induced Obesity (DIO) Models). C57BL/6J mice fed an atherogenic diet (1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid and 15% fat) for 14 weeks develop lesions in the range of 4500 to 8000 um² atherosclerotic aortic lesions/aortic cross-section. The variation in aortic lesions found among various inbred strains has led to the identification of the existence of eight genes affecting atherosclerosis, Ath1 to Ath8. C57BL/6J mice also develop severe and progressive hearing loss later in life. Histopathological changes associated with age-related hearing loss include the disruption of both outer and inner hair cells. C57BL/6 mice are also more susceptible to noise-induced hearing loss. Age related hearing loss 1 (Ahl), a major gene responsible for this hearing loss, was mapped in an intersubspecific backcross by measuring elevated auditory-evoked brainstem response (ABR) thresholds. Ahl is located on Chromosome 10 near marker D10Mit5. A naturally occurring deletion in nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) exons 7-11 occurred in C57BL/6J sometime prior to 1984. This deletion results in the absence of the NNT protein, and is associated with impaired glucose homeostasis control and reduced insulin secretion. This mutation is not found in C57BL/6JEi, C57BL/6N, C57BL/6NJ, C57BL/6ByJ, C57BL/10J, C57L/J, or C58/J (Toye AA, et al, Diabetologia, 2005). Since C57BL/6JEi separated from C57BL/6J in 1976, the Nnt deletion arose sometime between 1976 and 1984.

C57BL/6J was the DNA source for the international collaboration that generated the first high quality draft sequence of the mouse genome. 5 SNP differences have been identified that distinguish C57BL/6J from C57BL/6ByJ and C57BL/6NJ. Both C57BL/6ByJ and C57BL/6NJ type as follows: 08-015199792-M (rs3709624) is C; 11-004367508-M (rs3659787) is A; 13-041017317-M (rs3722313) is C; 15-057561875-M (rs3702158) is G; 19-049914266-M (rs3724876) is T. C57BL/6J types as follows: 08-015199792-M (rs3709624) is T; 11-004367508-M (rs3659787) is G; 13-041017317-M (rs3722313) is T; 15-057561875-M (rs3702158) is A; 19-049914266-M (rs3724876) is G (Petkov and Wiles, 2004.) Others have subsequently identified further SNP differences between sublines of C57BL/6 (Mekada et al., 2009, Zurita et al., 2010).

Development
The C57BL/6J inbred strain was created by Dr. CC Little from the mating of female 57 with male 52 from Miss Abbie Lathrop's stock. The same cross gave rise to the C57L and C57BR strains.

Related Strains

C57BL Strains

000665	C57BL/10J
003752	C57BL/10ScNJ
000476	C57BL/10ScSnJ
000666	C57BL/10SnJ
001822	C57BL/10SxJ
001197	C57BL/10WtRkJ
000663	C57BL/6By
001139	C57BL/6ByJ
009123	C57BL/6HaJ
000924	C57BL/6JEiJ
005304	C57BL/6NJ

View C57BL Strains     (11 strains)

Strains carrying   Ahr^b-1 allele

000136	B6.C-H34c/(HW22)ByJ
000663	C57BL/6By
001139	C57BL/6ByJ
000662	C57BLKS/J
000667	C57BR/cdJ
000668	C57L/J
000669	C58/J
000351	CXB1/ByJ
000356	CXB6/ByJ
002937	D2.B6-Ahrb-1/J
000677	MA/MyJ

View Strains carrying   Ahr^b-1     (11 strains)

Strains carrying   Cdh23^ahl allele

001137	129P1/ReJ
000690	129P3/J
000691	129X1/SvJ
000646	A/J
000647	A/WySnJ
003070	ALR/LtJ
003072	ALS/LtJ
004502	B6;AKR-Lxl2/GrsrJ
001026	BALB/cByJ
000653	BUB/BnJ
005494	C3.129S1(B6)-Grm1rcw/J
004764	C57BL/6J-Cdh23v-8J/J
003129	C57BL/6J-Epha4rb-2J/GrsrJ
004820	C57BL/6J-Kcne12J/J
004703	C57BL/6J-Kcnq2Nmf134/J
004811	C57BL/6J-nmf110/J
004812	C57BL/6J-nmf111/J
004747	C57BL/6J-nmf118/J
004656	C57BL/6J-nmf88/J
004391	C57BL/6J-Chr 13A/J/NaJ
004385	C57BL/6J-Chr 7A/J/NaJ
000662	C57BLKS/J
000667	C57BR/cdJ
000668	C57L/J
000669	C58/J
010614	CBACa.B6-Cdh23ahl/Kjn
000657	CE/J
000670	DBA/1J
001140	DBA/1LacJ
000671	DBA/2J
007048	DBA/2J-Gpnmb+/SjJ
002106	KK/HlJ
000675	LG/J
000676	LP/J
000677	MA/MyJ
001976	NOD/ShiLtJ
002050	NOR/LtJ
000679	P/J
002747	SENCARB/PtJ
002335	SKH2/J
003392	STOCK Crb1rd8/J

View Strains carrying   Cdh23^ahl     (41 strains)

Strains carrying   Micrlⁿ allele

000646	A/J
000651	BALB/cJ
000009	BXH14/TyJ
000038	BXH6/TyJ
000014	BXH7/TyJ
000665	C57BL/10J
000669	C58/J

View Strains carrying   Micrlⁿ     (7 strains)

Strains carrying   P2rx7^P451L allele

000665	C57BL/10J
000670	DBA/1J
000671	DBA/2J

View Strains carrying   P2rx7^P451L     (3 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Ahr

000690	129P3/J
000645	A/HeJ
000646	A/J
000648	AKR/J
002920	B6(D2N).Spretus-Ahrb-3/J
006203	B6.129(FVB)-Ahrtm3.1Bra/J
002831	B6.129-Ahrtm1Bra/J
000130	B6.C-H17c/(HW14)ByJ
000136	B6.C-H34c/(HW22)ByJ
000370	B6.C-H38c/(HW119)ByJ
008599	B6.Cg-Cyp1a2/Cyp1a1tm2Dwn Ahrd Tg(CYP1A1,CYP1A2)1Dwn/DwnJ
002921	B6.D2N-Ahrd/J
002727	B6;129-Ahrtm1Bra/J
001026	BALB/cByJ
000652	BDP/J
000653	BUB/BnJ
000659	C3H/HeJ
000663	C57BL/6By
001139	C57BL/6ByJ
000662	C57BLKS/J
000667	C57BR/cdJ
000668	C57L/J
000669	C58/J
000926	CAROLI/EiJ
000928	CAST/EiJ
000656	CBA/J
000657	CE/J
000351	CXB1/ByJ
000352	CXB2/ByJ
000353	CXB3/ByJ
000354	CXB4/ByJ
000355	CXB5/ByJ
000356	CXB6/ByJ
000357	CXB7/ByJ
002937	D2.B6-Ahrb-1/J
000671	DBA/2J
000673	HRS/J
000674	I/LnJ
000675	LG/J
000676	LP/J
000677	MA/MyJ
000550	MOLF/EiJ
000684	NZB/BlNJ
000679	P/J
000930	PERA/EiJ
000726	RBF/DnJ
000682	RF/J
000644	SEA/GnJ
000280	SF/CamEiJ
000686	SJL/J
001146	SPRET/EiJ
000688	ST/bJ
000689	SWR/J
000693	WC/ReJ KitlSl/J
000933	YBR/EiJ

View Strains carrying other alleles of Ahr     (55 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Cdh23

001137	129P1/ReJ
000690	129P3/J
000691	129X1/SvJ
000646	A/J
000647	A/WySnJ
003070	ALR/LtJ
003072	ALS/LtJ
002552	B6(V)-Cdh23v-2J/J
002756	B6.CAST-Cdh23Ahl+/Kjn
010615	B6.CBACa-Cdh23CBA/CaJ/Kjn
004502	B6;AKR-Lxl2/GrsrJ
002432	B6J x B6.C-H2-Kbm1/ByJ-Cdh23v-J/J
001026	BALB/cByJ
000653	BUB/BnJ
005494	C3.129S1(B6)-Grm1rcw/J
004764	C57BL/6J-Cdh23v-8J/J
004819	C57BL/6J-Cdh23v-9J/J
003129	C57BL/6J-Epha4rb-2J/GrsrJ
004820	C57BL/6J-Kcne12J/J
004703	C57BL/6J-Kcnq2Nmf134/J
004811	C57BL/6J-nmf110/J
004812	C57BL/6J-nmf111/J
004747	C57BL/6J-nmf118/J
004656	C57BL/6J-nmf88/J
004391	C57BL/6J-Chr 13A/J/NaJ
004385	C57BL/6J-Chr 7A/J/NaJ
000662	C57BLKS/J
000667	C57BR/cdJ
000668	C57L/J
000669	C58/J
010614	CBACa.B6-Cdh23ahl/Kjn
005016	CByJ;B6-Cdh23v-10J/J
000657	CE/J
000670	DBA/1J
001140	DBA/1LacJ
000671	DBA/2J
007048	DBA/2J-Gpnmb+/SjJ
002106	KK/HlJ
000675	LG/J
000676	LP/J
000677	MA/MyJ
001976	NOD/ShiLtJ
002050	NOR/LtJ
000679	P/J
002747	SENCARB/PtJ
002335	SKH2/J
003392	STOCK Crb1rd8/J
000275	V/LeJ

View Strains carrying other alleles of Cdh23     (48 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Fbrwt1

000671

DBA/2J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Fbrwt1     (1 strain)

Strains carrying other alleles of Fbrwt2

000671

DBA/2J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Fbrwt2     (1 strain)

Strains carrying other alleles of Micrl

000646	A/J
000651	BALB/cJ
000032	BXH10/TyJ
000009	BXH14/TyJ
000033	BXH19/TyJ
000011	BXH4/TyJ
000038	BXH6/TyJ
000014	BXH7/TyJ
000076	BXH8/TyJ
000008	BXH9/TyJ
000665	C57BL/10J
000669	C58/J
000260	JGBF/LeJ
000072	JGBF/LeTyJ

View Strains carrying other alleles of Micrl     (14 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of P2rx7

005576	B6.129P2-P2rx7tm1Gab/J
000665	C57BL/10J
000670	DBA/1J
000671	DBA/2J
015809	NOD.129P2(B6)-P2rx7tm1Gab/DvsJ

View Strains carrying other alleles of P2rx7     (5 strains)

Additional Web Information

3D MRI Digital Atlas Database of Adult C57BL/6J Mouse Brain
Genetic Quality Control Annual Report
JAX^® NOTES, April 1988; 433. H-2 Haplotypes of Mice from Jackson Laboratory Production Colonies.
JAX^® NOTES, Fall 1995; 463. Inbred C57 Black Mice: Microphthalmia and Ocular Infections.
JAX^® NOTES, Fall 2003; 491. JAX West Expansion
JAX^® NOTES, Fall 2003; 491. The Importance of Understanding Substrains in the Genomic Age.
JAX^® NOTES, Fall 2006; 503. Cause of Glucose Intolerance in C57BL/6J Mice Discovered.
JAX^® NOTES, Fall 2008; 511. Influence of Nnt alleles on DIO in C57BL/6 JAX^® Mice.
JAX^® NOTES, January 1988; 432. Arthritis Models in the Mouse.
JAX^® NOTES, July 1989; 438. Profile: C57BL/6J.
JAX^® NOTES, October 1987; 431. Alopecia (loss of hair) in C57BL/6J and Related Strains.
JAX^® NOTES, October 1989; 439. Splenic Melanosis in Black Mice.
JAX^® NOTES, Spring 1990; 441. Imperforate Vagina and Mucometra in Mice.
JAX^® NOTES, Spring 2003; 489. Malocclusion in the Laboratory Mouse.
JAX^® NOTES, Spring 2003; 489. Mouse Genome Sequence Released.
JAX^® NOTES, Spring 2004; 493. Chromosome Substitution Strain Panel: A New Tool for Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis.
JAX^® NOTES, Spring 2007; 505. C57BL/6J Strain Used to Construct the Allen Brain Atlas.
JAX^® NOTES, Spring 2009; 513. JAX^® Mice help reveal potential health benefits of resveratrol.
JAX^® NOTES, Summer 1994; 458. Ly5 Gene Nomenclature, C57BL/6J and SJL/J - A History of Change.
JAX^® NOTES, Summer 2003; 490. Charles River Japan Now Breeding JAX^® Mice Strain C57BL/6J.
JAX^® NOTES, Summer 2003; 490. Hydrocephalus in Laboratory Mice.
JAX^® NOTES, Summer 2006; 502. Characterization of DIO Model is Refined.
JAX^® NOTES, Summer 2009; 514. JAX^® Mice Study: Starvation Diet Does Not Extend Life.
JAX^® NOTES, Summer 2009; 514. Another Obesity-modulating Gene Revealed.
JAX^® NOTES, Summer 2009; 514. Defective Gene Plays Unexpected Role in Fat Metabolism.
JAX^® NOTES, Summer 2009; 514. Non-Invasive Technique - Potential Parkinson's Therapy.
JAX^® NOTES, Winter 2002; 488. Colony Expansions Completed for JAX^® Mice Strains C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ.
JAX^® NOTES, Winter 2006; 504. JAX^® Mice: the Gold Standard Just Got Better.
JAX^® NOTES, Winter 2008; 512. New resource illustrates divergence of C57BL/6 laboratory mouse substrains.
Mouse Phenome Database / SNP Facility
National Center for Biotechnology Information / SNP Data
Product Spec Sheet for C57BL/6J MEFs
Product Spec Sheet for C57BL/6J MEFs (irradiated)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Data

Body Weight Information - JAX^® Mice Strain C57BL/6J (000664)
(This chart reflects the typical correlation between body weight and age for mice maintained in production colonies at The Jackson Laboratory.)

Mouse Phenome Database
Festing Inbred Strain Characteristics: C57BL
JAX^® Physiological Data Summary [pdf]
JAX^® Physiological Data Protocol [pdf]

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGI

      assigned by genotype

       

• cardiovascular system phenotype
• decreased cardiac muscle contractility
  • average left ventricular shortening of 39.1 is significantly lower than the 47.1 in A/J mice   (MGI Ref ID J:76471)
  • aortic ejection time is significantly longer than in A/J mice   (MGI Ref ID J:76471)
• decreased heart rate
  • average 433 beats per minute versus 524 in A/J   (MGI Ref ID J:76471)
• increased heart rate
  • average heart rate is approximately 50 beats per minute higher than that in A/J   (MGI Ref ID J:76471)
• increased left ventricle weight
  • average left ventricular weight of 46.2mg is significantly higher than control A/J and results from an increase in the end-diastolic dimension and a proportional increase in wall thickness   (MGI Ref ID J:76471)
• muscle phenotype
• decreased cardiac muscle contractility
  • average left ventricular shortening of 39.1 is significantly lower than the 47.1 in A/J mice   (MGI Ref ID J:76471)
  • aortic ejection time is significantly longer than in A/J mice   (MGI Ref ID J:76471)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• abnormal exercise endurance
  • exercise time on a treadmill is significantly greater than that of A/J   (MGI Ref ID J:76471)

Ahr^b-1/Ahr^b-1

        C57BL/6J

• mortality/aging
• increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
  • mice are susceptible to DMBA induced lethality   (MGI Ref ID J:26440)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• *normal* homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
  • topical application of the polycyclic hydrocarbon DMBA induced hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity   (MGI Ref ID J:5387)
• • increased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
    • mice are susepctible to the teratogenic effects of TCDD with 100% of mice developing cleft palates and 90% of mice developing severe hydronephrosis   (MGI Ref ID J:132380)
    • mice are susceptible to the pathological effects of DMBA and exhibit lethality, weight loss, peritonitis, decreased spleen weight, and decreased thymus weight   (MGI Ref ID J:26440)
    • mice exposed to DMBA exhibit decreased lymphocyte counts, increased polymorphic cells, decreased bone marrow cell counts and ascites formation   (MGI Ref ID J:26440)
  • increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
    • mice are susceptible to DMBA induced lethality   (MGI Ref ID J:26440)
• immune system phenotype
• increased inflammatory response
  • topical application of the polycyclic hydrocarbon DMBA produced skin inflammation and ulceration   (MGI Ref ID J:5244)
  • topical application of DMBA produced skin inflammation and ulceration   (MGI Ref ID J:5387)

Ahr^b-1/Ahr^b-1

        C57BL/6

• mortality/aging
• increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
  • mice exhibit neonatal lethality in response to in utero exposure to cHBB unlike mice homozygous for the Ahr^d allele   (MGI Ref ID J:113285)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• increased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
  • when mice are fostered by control C57BL/6 dams following in utero exposure to cHBB, 21% of neonates survive   (MGI Ref ID J:113285)
  • mice exhibit neonatal lethality in response to in utero exposure to cHBB and decreased thymus and spleen weights compared to untreated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:113285)
  • following exposure to cHBB in utero, neonates exhibit an increase in volume density of hematopoietic islands in the liver   (MGI Ref ID J:113285)
• increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
  • mice exhibit neonatal lethality in response to in utero exposure to cHBB unlike mice homozygous for the Ahr^d allele   (MGI Ref ID J:113285)

Cdh23^ahl/Cdh23^ahl

        C57BL/6J

• hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
• organ of Corti degeneration
  • in 3 of 4 cochleae assesed at 12 months of age the organ of Corti had totally degenerated   (MGI Ref ID J:87783)
• nervous system phenotype
• cochlear ganglion hypoplasia
  • at 9 months of age there is a decrease in the ganglion cell density for each turn over time with the largest cell loss in the basal turn   (MGI Ref ID J:87783)

Gluchos1^C57BL/6J/Gluchos1^C57BL/6J

        C57BL/6J

• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• decreased insulin secretion
  • this phenotype is rescued by transgenic expression of full-length Nnt sequence derived from 129S6/SvEvTac   (MGI Ref ID J:109356)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• decreased insulin secretion
  • this phenotype is rescued by transgenic expression of full-length Nnt sequence derived from 129S6/SvEvTac   (MGI Ref ID J:109356)
• impaired glucose tolerance
  • this phenotype is rescued by transgenic expression of full-length Nnt sequence derived from 129S6/SvEvTac   (MGI Ref ID J:109356)

Nnt^C57BL/6J/Nnt^C57BL/6J

        C57BL/6J

• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• decreased insulin secretion
  • this phenotype is rescued by transgenic expression of full-length Nnt sequence derived from 129S6/SvEvTac   (MGI Ref ID J:109356)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• decreased insulin secretion
  • this phenotype is rescued by transgenic expression of full-length Nnt sequence derived from 129S6/SvEvTac   (MGI Ref ID J:109356)
• impaired glucose tolerance
  • this phenotype is rescued by transgenic expression of full-length Nnt sequence derived from 129S6/SvEvTac   (MGI Ref ID J:109356)

P2rx7^P451L/P2rx7^P451L

        C57BL/6

• cellular phenotype
• abnormal cell death
  • lysis triggered by extracellular ATP is reduced 45% in C57BL/6 mice as compared to BALB/c   (MGI Ref ID J:89513)
• • abnormal apoptosis
    • sensitivity to extracellular ATP induced apoptosis is reduced in C57BL/6 relative to BALB/c   (MGI Ref ID J:89513)

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cardiovascular Research
Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
      Susceptible

Developmental Biology Research
Eye Defects
Lymphoid Tissue Defects
      hematopoietic defects
Skeletal Defects

Diabetes and Obesity Research
Hyperglycemia
      diet-induced, moderate
Hyperinsulinemia
      diet-induced
Insulin Resistance
      diet-induced
Obesity With Diabetes
      diet-induced, moderate
Type 2 Diabetes (NIDDM)
      diet-induced

Hematological Research
Hematopoietic Defects

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Lymphoid Tissue Defects
      hematopoietic development

Neurobiology Research
Behavioral and Learning Defects
Hearing Defects
      Age related hearing loss

Research Tools
General Purpose
Genetics Research
      Mutagenesis and Transgenesis
      Mutagenesis and Transgenesis: Production of Transgenic Mice
Hematological Research
Immunology and Inflammation Research
      background strain for histocompatibility congenics

Sensorineural Research
Eye Defects
Hearing Defects
      Age related hearing loss

Ahr^b-1 related

Metabolism Research

Research Tools
Toxicology Research

Cdh23^ahl related

Neurobiology Research
Hearing Defects
      Age related hearing loss

Sensorineural Research
Hearing Defects
      Age related hearing loss

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI

Allele Symbol		Ahrb-1
Allele Name		b-1 variant
Allele Type		Not Applicable
Common Name(s)		Ah; Ahb-1; Ahb; Ahhi; Ahrb; In;
Strain of Origin		C57BL/6J
Gene Symbol and Name		Ahr, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor
Chromosome		12
Gene Common Name(s)		Ah; Ahh; Ahre; In; aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness; aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase; bHLHe76; dioxin receptor; inflammatory reactivity;
General Note		C57BL/6 carries the responsive Ahrb allele; DBA/2 carries nonresponsive Ahrd. Heterozygotes (Ahrb/Ahrd) are responsive (J:5282). Later work identified a second (J:8895) and later a third (J:22144) allele conferring response. Thus the allele in C57, C58, and MA/My strains is now Ahrb-1; Ahrb-2 is carried by BALB/cBy, A, and C3H; and Ahrb-3 by Mus spretus, M. caroli, and MOLF/Ei. The nonresponsive strains AKR, DBA/2, and 129 carry Ahrd (J:22144). Nucleotide and amino acid sequence differences between Ahrb-1 and Ahrd have been determined (J:17460). Strain of origin - this allele was found in C57BL/6, C58/J, C57BR, MA/My strains
Molecular Note		This allele encodes a high affinity, relatively heat stabile, 95 kDa receptor. PCR sequencing of cDNA revealed ten nucleotide differences between the coding sequences of the DBA/2J and C57BL/6J receptors. Five of the ten differences would cause amino acid changes. One of these, a C to T transition in exon 11 would change the arginine codon in the DBA/2J allele to an opal termination codon in the C57BL/6J allele. This change would prevent the 43 amino acid extension of mRNA translation predicted for the DBA/2J allele and account for the smaller size of the peptide produced by this allele (95 kDa vs 104 kDa for the DBA/2J allele). A second C to T transition changes a proline codon in the DBA/2J allele to leucine codon in the C57BL/6J allele, and would likely change secondary structure of the peptide and thus ligand affinity. [MGI Ref ID J:15153] [MGI Ref ID J:17460] [MGI Ref ID J:477]
Allele Symbol		Cdh23ahl
Allele Name		age related hearing loss 1
Allele Type		QTL
Common Name(s)		Cdh23753A; mdfw;
Strain of Origin		multiple strains
Gene Symbol and Name		Cdh23, cadherin 23 (otocadherin)
Chromosome		10
Gene Common Name(s)		4930542A03Rik; CDHR23; RIKEN cDNA 4930542A03 gene; USH1D; W; age related hearing loss 1; ahl; bob; bobby; bus; bustling; mdfw; modifier of deaf waddler; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 112; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 181; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 252; nmf112; nmf181; nmf252; sals; salsa; v; waltzer;
Molecular Note		Genetic complementation tests have shown allelism between the mdfw (modifier of deaf waddler) locus and the ahl locus. Further analysis has identified an association between ahl and a G to A transition at nucleotide position 753 of Cdh23. This hypomorphic allele causes in frame skipping of exon 7 and reduced message stability. Twenty-seven strains classified with ahl and carrying the 753A allele include: CD1, RBF/DnJ, PL/J, AKR/J, RF/J, BALB/cBy, A/WySnJ, P/J, SENCARA/PtJ, DBA/1J, ALS/LtJ, C58/J, C57BLKS/J, 129P1/ReJ, C57BR/cd, SKH2/J, BUB/Bn, MA/MyJ, LP/J, 129X1/SvJ, NOR/LtJ, A/J, C57BL/6, NOD/LtJ, DBA/2J, ALR/LtJ, C57L/J. Strains classified with ahl that DO NOT carry this mutation include: C3H/HeSnJ, I/LnJ,YBR/Ei, MRL/MpJ. [MGI Ref ID J:86905]
Allele Symbol		Fbrwt1C57BL/6J
Allele Name		C57BL/6J
Allele Type		QTL
Strain of Origin		C57BL/6J
Gene Symbol and Name		Fbrwt1, forebrain weight 1
Chromosome		1
Molecular Note		This allele confers increased forebrain weight compared to DBA/2J. [MGI Ref ID J:143361]
Allele Symbol		Fbrwt2C57BL/6J
Allele Name		C57BL/6J
Allele Type		QTL
Strain of Origin		C57BL/6J
Gene Symbol and Name		Fbrwt2, forebrain weight 2
Chromosome		11
Gene Common Name(s)		Fbrwt11;
Molecular Note		This allele confers increased forebrain weight compared to DBA/2J. [MGI Ref ID J:143361]
Allele Symbol		Gluchos1C57BL/6J
Allele Name		C57BL/6J
Allele Type		QTL
Strain of Origin		C57BL/6J
Gene Symbol and Name		Gluchos1, glucose homeostasis QTL 1
Chromosome		13
Allele Symbol		Gluchos2C57BL/6J
Allele Name		C57BL/6J
Allele Type		QTL
Strain of Origin		C57BL/6J
Gene Symbol and Name		Gluchos2, glucose homeostasis QTL 2
Chromosome		11
Allele Symbol		Gluchos3C57BL/6J
Allele Name		C57BL/6J
Allele Type		QTL
Strain of Origin		C57BL/6J
Gene Symbol and Name		Gluchos3, glucose homeostasis QTL 3
Chromosome		9
Molecular Note		This allele confers 50% decreased plasma insulin at T30 during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test compared to C3H/HeH. [MGI Ref ID J:106692]
Allele Symbol		Micrln
Allele Name		non-responder
Allele Type		QTL
Strain of Origin		multiple strains
Gene Symbol and Name		Micrl, microwave induced increase in complement receptor B cells
Chromosome		5
General Note		The following inbred strains are homozygous for the recessive QTL, Micrl, and do not respond to microwave exposure by increasing splenic C3 receptor-bearing B cells: A/J, BALB/cJ, C3HeB/FeN, C57BL/6J, C57BL/10J (inferred from the response of two congenic lines "B10.BR", "B10.D2", "B10.D2"),C58/J, AK.B6-H2b, and B6.AK-H2k. These recombinant inbred strains are also non-responding: BXH2/Ty, BXH6/Ty, BXH7/Ty, BXH12/Ty, and BXH14/Ty.
Allele Symbol		NntC57BL/6J
Allele Name		C57BL/6J
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Strain of Origin		C57BL/6J
Gene Symbol and Name		Nnt, nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase
Chromosome		13
Gene Common Name(s)		4930423F13Rik; AI323702; BB168308; RIKEN cDNA 4930423F13 gene; expressed sequence AI323702; expressed sequence BB168308;
Molecular Note		This allele contains a stretch of 17,814 bp missing between exons 6 and 12. RT-PCR demonstrated cDNA corresponding to exons 7-11 was absent. Mature protein was not detected in these mutants. [MGI Ref ID J:106692] [MGI Ref ID J:108213]
Allele Symbol		P2rx7P451L
Allele Name		P451L
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Strain of Origin		various
Gene Symbol and Name		P2rx7, purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7
Chromosome		5
Gene Common Name(s)		AI467586; P2X(7); P2X7; P2X7 receptor; P2X7R; expressed sequence AI467586;
Molecular Note		A proline to leucine change at amino acid residue 451 is caused by a T to C transition at nucleic acid base 1352. This mutation is found in C57BL/6, C57BL/10, DBA/1, and DBA/2 and contrasts with the condition in BALB/c, NZW, NOD, 129, Mus caroli, M. spretus, M. musculus, and M. poschiavinus. The mutation lies within a C-terminal cytoplasmic domain homologous with the TNFR 1-death domain and with an SH3 binding protein. [MGI Ref ID J:79540]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Inbred mouse strains are maintained through sibling (sister x brother) matings; no genotyping required.

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References provided by MGI

Selected Reference(s)

Black BL; Croom J; Eisen EJ; Petro AE; Edwards CL; Surwit RS. 1998. Differential effects of fat and sucrose on body composition in A/J and C57BL/6 mice. Metabolism 47(11):1354-9. [PubMed: 9826212]  [MGI Ref ID J:50965]

Champy MF; Selloum M; Zeitler V; Caradec C; Jung B; Rousseau S; Pouilly L; Sorg T; Auwerx J. 2008. Genetic background determines metabolic phenotypes in the mouse. Mamm Genome 19(5):318-31. [PubMed: 18392653]  [MGI Ref ID J:137669]

Drake TA; Schadt E; Hannani K; Kabo JM; Krass K; Colinayo V; Greaser LE 3rd; Goldin J; Lusis AJ. 2001. Genetic loci determining bone density in mice with diet-induced atherosclerosis. Physiol Genomics 5(4):205-15. [PubMed: 11328966]  [MGI Ref ID J:69682]

Ishida BY; Blanche PJ; Nichols AV; Yashar M; Paigen B. 1991. Effects of atherogenic diet consumption on lipoproteins in mouse strains C57BL/6 and C3H. J Lipid Res 32(4):559-68. [PubMed: 1856605]  [MGI Ref ID J:109926]

Jiao S; Cole TG; Kitchens RT; Pfleger B; Schonfeld G. 1990. Genetic heterogeneity of plasma lipoproteins in the mouse: control of low density lipoprotein particle sizes by genetic factors. J Lipid Res 31(3):467-77. [PubMed: 1971301]  [MGI Ref ID J:15484]

Kirk EA; Moe GL; Caldwell MT; Lernmark JA; Wilson DL; LeBoeuf RC. 1995. Hyper- and hypo-responsiveness to dietary fat and cholesterol among inbred mice: searching for level and variability genes. J Lipid Res 36(7):1522-32. [PubMed: 7595076]  [MGI Ref ID J:28648]

Nishina PM; Verstuyft J; Paigen B. 1990. Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. J Lipid Res 31(5):859-69. [PubMed: 2380634]  [MGI Ref ID J:27046]

Paigen B. 1995. Genetics of responsiveness to high-fat and high- cholesterol diets in the mouse. Am J Clin Nutr 62(2):458S-462S. [PubMed: 7625360]  [MGI Ref ID J:28248]

Paigen B; Ishida BY; Verstuyft J; Winters RB; Albee D. 1990. Atherosclerosis susceptibility differences among progenitors of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Arteriosclerosis 10(2):316-23. [PubMed: 2317166]  [MGI Ref ID J:22615]

Paigen B; Morrow A; Brandon C; Mitchell D; Holmes P. 1985. Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains of mice. Atherosclerosis 57(1):65-73. [PubMed: 3841001]  [MGI Ref ID J:109950]

Petkov PM; Cassell MA; Sargent EE; Donnelly CJ; Robinson P; Crew V; Asquith S; Haar RV; Wiles MV. 2004. Development of a SNP genotyping panel for genetic monitoring of the laboratory mouse. Genomics 83(5):902-11. [PubMed: 15081119]  [MGI Ref ID J:89298]

Toye AA; Lippiat JD; Proks P; Shimomura K; Bentley L; Hugill A; Mijat V; Goldsworthy M; Moir L; Haynes A; Quarterman J; Freeman HC; Ashcroft FM; Cox RD. 2005. A genetic and physiological study of impaired glucose homeostasis control in C57BL/6J mice. Diabetologia 48(4):675-86. [PubMed: 15729571]  [MGI Ref ID J:106692]

Waterston RH; Lindblad-Toh K; Birney E; Rogers J; Abril JF; Agarwal P; Agarwala R; Ainscough R; Alexandersson M; An P; Antonarakis SE; Attwood J; Baertsch R; Bailey J; Barlow K; Beck S; Berry E; Birren B; Bloom T; Bork P; Botcherby M; Bray N; Brent MR; Brown DG; Brown SD; Bult C; Burton J; Butler J; Campbell RD; Carninci P; Cawley S; Chiaromonte F; Chinwalla AT; Church DM; Clamp M; Clee C; Collins FS; Cook LL; Copley RR; Coulson A; Couronne O; Cuff J; Curwen V; Cutts T; Daly M; David R; Davies J; Delehaun. 2002. Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. Nature 420(6915):520-62. [PubMed: 12466850]  [MGI Ref ID J:80507]

Additional References

Beamer WG; Donahue LR; Rosen CJ; Baylink DJ. 1996. Genetic variability in adult bone density among inbred strains of mice. Bone 18(5):397-403. [PubMed: 8739896]  [MGI Ref ID J:33789]

Beamer WG; Shultz KL; Churchill GA; Frankel WN; Baylink DJ; Rosen CJ; Donahue LR. 1999. Quantitative trait loci for bone density in C57BL/6J and CAST/EiJ inbred mice. Mamm Genome 10(11):1043-9. [PubMed: 10556421]  [MGI Ref ID J:58152]

Bultman SJ; Klebig ML; Michaud EJ; Sweet HO; Davisson MT; Woychik RP. 1994. Molecular analysis of reverse mutations from nonagouti (a) to black-and-tan (a(t)) and white-bellied agouti (Aw) reveals alternative forms of agouti transcripts. Genes Dev 8(4):481-90. [PubMed: 8125260]  [MGI Ref ID J:16984]

Bultman SJ; Michaud EJ; Woychik RP. 1992. Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus. Cell 71(7):1195-204. [PubMed: 1473152]  [MGI Ref ID J:3523]

Chen J; Astle CM; Harrison DE. 2000. Genetic regulation of primitive hematopoietic stem cell senescence. Exp Hematol 28(4):442-50. [PubMed: 10781902]  [MGI Ref ID J:61814]

Erway LC; Shiau YW; Davis RR; Krieg EF. 1996. Genetics of age-related hearing loss in mice. III. Susceptibility of inbred and F1 hybrid strains to noise-induced hearing loss. Hear Res 93(1-2):181-7. [PubMed: 8735078]  [MGI Ref ID J:33970]

Ewart SL; Kuperman D; Schadt E; Tankersley C; Grupe A; Shubitowski DM; Peltz G; Wills-Karp M. 2000. Quantitative trait loci controlling allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in inbred mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 23(4):537-45. [PubMed: 11017920]  [MGI Ref ID J:66641]

Freeman HC; Hugill A; Dear NT; Ashcroft FM; Cox RD. 2006. Deletion of Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase: A New Quantitive Trait Locus Accounting for Glucose Intolerance in C57BL/6J Mice. Diabetes 55(7):2153-6. [PubMed: 16804088]  [MGI Ref ID J:109356]

Hollyfield JG; Bonilha VL; Rayborn ME; Yang X; Shadrach KG; Lu L; Ufret RL; Salomon RG; Perez VL. 2008. Oxidative damage-induced inflammation initiates age-related macular degeneration. Nat Med :. [PubMed: 18223656]  [MGI Ref ID J:129432]

Le AD; Ko J; Chow S; Quan B. 1994. Alcohol consumption by C57BL/6, BALB/c, and DBA/2 mice in a limited access paradigm. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 47(2):375-8. [PubMed: 8146231]  [MGI Ref ID J:17161]

Mekada K; Abe K; Murakami A; Nakamura S; Nakata H; Moriwaki K; Obata Y; Yoshiki A. 2009. Genetic differences among C57BL/6 substrains. Exp Anim 58(2):141-9. [PubMed: 19448337]  [MGI Ref ID J:160204]

Miller MW; Duhl DM; Vrieling H; Cordes SP; Ollmann MM; Winkes BM; Barsh GS. 1993. Cloning of the mouse agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiquitously expressed in mice carrying the lethal yellow mutation. Genes Dev 7(3):454-67. [PubMed: 8449404]  [MGI Ref ID J:4186]

Moy SS; Nadler JJ; Young NB; Perez A; Holloway LP; Barbaro RP; Barbaro JR; Wilson LM; Threadgill DW; Lauder JM; Magnuson TR; Crawley JN. 2007. Mouse behavioral tasks relevant to autism: phenotypes of 10 inbred strains. Behav Brain Res 176(1):4-20. [PubMed: 16971002]  [MGI Ref ID J:138682]

Nguyen PV; Duffy SN; Young JZ. 2000. Differential maintenance and frequency-dependent tuning of LTP at hippocampal synapses of specific strains of inbred mice. J Neurophysiol 84(5):2484-93. [PubMed: 11067991]  [MGI Ref ID J:71278]

Nishina PM; Wang J; Toyofuku W; Kuypers FA; Ishida BY; Paigen B. 1993. Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids 28(7):599-605. [PubMed: 8355588]  [MGI Ref ID J:13267]

O'Malley J; Matesic LE; Zink MC; Strandberg JD; Mooney ML; De Maio A; Reeves RH. 1998. Comparison of acute endotoxin-induced lesions in A/J and C57BL/6J mice. J Hered 89(6):525-30. [PubMed: 9864862]  [MGI Ref ID J:51631]

Parekh PI; Petro AE; Tiller JM; Feinglos MN; Surwit RS. 1998. Reversal of diet-induced obesity and diabetes in C57BL/6J mice. Metabolism 47(9):1089-96. [PubMed: 9751238]  [MGI Ref ID J:49858]

Parham K. 1997. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the C57BL/6J mouse model of age-related hearing loss. Hear Res 112(1-2):216-34. [PubMed: 9367243]  [MGI Ref ID J:44149]

Petkov PM; Ding Y; Cassell MA; Zhang W; Wagner G; Sargent EE; Asquith S; Crew V; Johnson KA; Robinson P; Scott VE; Wiles MV. 2004. An efficient SNP system for mouse genome scanning and elucidating strain relationships. Genome Res 14(9):1806-11. [PubMed: 15342563]  [MGI Ref ID J:151913]

Roberts JE; Watters JW; Ballard JD; Dietrich WF. 1998. Ltx1, a mouse locus that influences the susceptibility of macrophages to cytolysis caused by intoxication with Bacillus anthracis lethal factor, maps to chromosome 11. Mol Microbiol 29(2):581-91. [PubMed: 9720874]  [MGI Ref ID J:49726]

Rohan RM; Fernandez A; Udagawa T; Yuan J; D'Amato RJ. 2000. Genetic heterogeneity of angiogenesis in mice. FASEB J 14(7):871-6. [PubMed: 10783140]  [MGI Ref ID J:61808]

Rossmeisl M; Rim JS; Koza RA; Kozak LP. 2003. Variation in type 2 diabetes--related traits in mouse strains susceptible to diet-induced obesity. Diabetes 52(8):1958-66. [PubMed: 12882911]  [MGI Ref ID J:86027]

Sarna JR; Dyck RH; Whishaw IQ. 2000. The Dalila effect: C57BL6 mice barber whiskers by plucking. Behav Brain Res 108(1):39-45. [PubMed: 10680755]  [MGI Ref ID J:71538]

Schlagel CJ; Ahmed A. 1982. Evidence for genetic control of microwave-induced augmentation of complement receptor-bearing B lymphocytes. J Immunol 129(4):1530-3. [PubMed: 6980940]  [MGI Ref ID J:6835]

Smith BK; Andrews PK; West DB. 2000. Macronutrient diet selection in thirteen mouse strains. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278(4):R797-805. [PubMed: 10749765]  [MGI Ref ID J:61602]

Smith RS; Roderick TH; Sundberg JP. 1994. Microphthalmia and associated abnormalities in inbred black mice. Lab Anim Sci 44(6):551-60. [PubMed: 7898027]  [MGI Ref ID J:24131]

Vrieling H; Duhl DM; Millar SE; Miller KA; Barsh GS. 1994. Differences in dorsal and ventral pigmentation result from regional expression of the mouse agouti gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(12):5667-71. [PubMed: 8202545]  [MGI Ref ID J:18750]

Welkos SL; Keener TJ; Gibbs PH. 1986. Differences in susceptibility of inbred mice to Bacillus anthracis. Infect Immun 51(3):795-800. [PubMed: 3081444]  [MGI Ref ID J:8197]

West DB; Boozer CN; Moody DL; Atkinson RL. 1992. Dietary obesity in nine inbred mouse strains. Am J Physiol 262(6 Pt 2):R1025-32. [PubMed: 1621856]  [MGI Ref ID J:1348]

Whitehead GS; Walker JK; Berman KG; Foster WM; Schwartz DA. 2003. Allergen-induced airway disease is mouse strain dependent. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 285(1):L32-42. [PubMed: 12626335]  [MGI Ref ID J:84265]

Zhu W; Gilmour MI. 2009. Comparison of allergic lung disease in three mouse strains after systemic or mucosal sensitization with ovalbumin antigen. Immunogenetics 61(3):199-207. [PubMed: 19224206]  [MGI Ref ID J:146790]

Zurita E; Chagoyen M; Cantero M; Alonso R; Gonzalez-Neira A; Lopez-Jimenez A; Lopez-Moreno JA; Landel CP; Benitez J; Pazos F; Montoliu L. 2010. Genetic polymorphisms among C57BL/6 mouse inbred strains. Transgenic Res :. [PubMed: 20506040]  [MGI Ref ID J:160203]

Ahr^b-1 related

Benedict WF; Considine N; Nebert DW. 1973. Genetic differences in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction and benzo(a)pyrene-produced tumorigenesis in the mouse. Mol Pharmacol 9(2):266-77. [PubMed: 4123113]  [MGI Ref ID J:84312]

Boobis AR; Nebert DW. 1976. Genetic differences in the metabolism of carcinogens and in the binding of benzo (a) pyrene metabolites to DNA. Adv Enzyme Regul 15:339-62. [PubMed: 1030186]  [MGI Ref ID J:12156]

Bradfield CA; Glover E; Poland A. 1991. Purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of the Ah receptor from the C57BL/6J mouse. Mol Pharmacol 39(1):13-9. [PubMed: 1846217]  [MGI Ref ID J:84440]

Burbach KM; Poland A; Bradfield CA. 1992. Cloning of the Ah-receptor cDNA reveals a distinctive ligand-activated transcription factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89(17):8185-9. [PubMed: 1325649]  [MGI Ref ID J:2256]

Castro DJ; Lohr CV; Fischer KA; Pereira CB; Williams DE. 2008. Lymphoma and lung cancer in offspring born to pregnant mice dosed with dibenzo[a,l]pyrene: the importance of in utero vs. lactational exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 233(3):454-8. [PubMed: 18848954]  [MGI Ref ID J:143604]

Chang C; Smith DR; Prasad VS; Sidman CL; Nebert DW; Puga A. 1993. Ten nucleotide differences, five of which cause amino acid changes, are associated with the Ah receptor locus polymorphism of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. Pharmacogenetics 3(6):312-21. [PubMed: 8148872]  [MGI Ref ID J:17460]

Curran CP; Miller KA; Dalton TP; Vorhees CV; Miller ML; Shertzer HG; Nebert DW. 2006. Genetic differences in lethality of newborn mice treated in utero with coplanar versus non-coplanar hexabromobiphenyl. Toxicol Sci 89(2):454-64. [PubMed: 16291824]  [MGI Ref ID J:113285]

Ema M; Sogawa K; Watanabe N; Chujoh Y; Matsushita N; Gotoh O; Funae Y; Fujii-Kuriyama Y. 1992. cDNA cloning and structure of mouse putative Ah receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 184(1):246-53. [PubMed: 1314586]  [MGI Ref ID J:477]

Gielen JE; Goujon FM; Nebert DW. 1972. Genetic regulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. II. Simple Mendelian expression in mouse tissues in vivo. J Biol Chem 247(4):1125-37. [PubMed: 4110756]  [MGI Ref ID J:84250]

Goujon FM; Nebert DW; Gielen JE. 1972. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. IV. Interaction of various compounds with different forms of cytochrome P-450 and the effect on benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in vitro. Mol Pharmacol 8(6):667-80. [PubMed: 4118365]  [MGI Ref ID J:84252]

Harper PA; Golas CL; Okey AB. 1991. Ah receptor in mice genetically nonresponsive for cytochrome P4501A1 induction: cytosolic Ah receptor, transformation to the nuclear binding state, and induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by halogenated and nonhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons in embryonic tissues and cells. Mol Pharmacol 40(5):818-26. [PubMed: 1658612]  [MGI Ref ID J:2134]

Kouri RE; Rude TH; Joglekar R; Dansette PM; Jerina DM; Atlas SA; Owens IS; Nebert DW. 1978. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as cocarcinogen causing 3-methylcholanthrene-initiated subcutaneous tumors in mice genetically 'nonresponsive' at Ah locus. Cancer Res 38(9):2777-83. [PubMed: 679184]  [MGI Ref ID J:84318]

Lew BJ; Manickam R; Lawrence BP. 2011. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor during pregnancy in the mouse alters mammary development through direct effects on stromal and epithelial tissues. Biol Reprod 84(6):1094-102. [PubMed: 21270426]  [MGI Ref ID J:173706]

Moriguchi T; Motohashi H; Hosoya T; Nakajima O; Takahashi S; Ohsako S; Aoki Y; Nishimura N; Tohyama C; Fujii-Kuriyama Y; Yamamoto M. 2003. Distinct response to dioxin in an arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-humanized mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(10):5652-7. [PubMed: 12730383]  [MGI Ref ID J:132380]

Nebert DW; Atlas SA; Guenthner TM; Kouri RE. 1978. The Ah locus: genetic regulation of the enzymes which metabolize polycyclic hydrocarbons and the risk of cancer. In: Polycyclic Hydrocarbons and Cancer: Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Environment. Academic Press, New York.  [MGI Ref ID J:30693]

Nebert DW; Considine N; Owens IS. 1973. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. VI. Control of other aromatic hydrocarbon-inducible mono-oxygenase activities at or near the same genetic locus. Arch Biochem Biophys 157(1):148-59. [PubMed: 4716952]  [MGI Ref ID J:84313]

Nebert DW; Gelboin HV. 1969. The in vivo and in vitro induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in mammalian cells of different species, tissues, strains, and developmental and hormonal states. Arch Biochem Biophys 134(1):76-89. [PubMed: 4981257]  [MGI Ref ID J:84248]

Nebert DW; Gielen JE. 1972. Genetic regulation of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in the mouse. Fed Proc 31(4):1315-25. [PubMed: 4114109]  [MGI Ref ID J:5282]

Nebert DW; Gielen JE; Goujon FM. 1972. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. 3. Changes in the binding of n-octylamine to cytochrome P-450. Mol Pharmacol 8(6):651-66. [PubMed: 4118364]  [MGI Ref ID J:84251]

Nebert DW; Goujon FM; Gielen JE. 1972. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by polycyclic hydrocarbons: simple autosomal dominant trait in the mouse. Nat New Biol 236(65):107-10. [PubMed: 4502804]  [MGI Ref ID J:84249]

Nebert DW; Robinson JR; Niwa A; Kumaki K; Poland AP. 1975. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the mouse. J Cell Physiol 85(2 Pt 2 Suppl 1):393-414. [PubMed: 1091656]  [MGI Ref ID J:84317]

Niwa A; Kumaki K; Nebert DW; Poland AP. 1975. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the mouse. Distinction between the 'responsive' homozygote and heterozygote at the Ah locus. Arch Biochem Biophys 166(2):559-64. [PubMed: 1119809]  [MGI Ref ID J:84316]

Nukaya M; Lin BC; Glover E; Moran SM; Kennedy GD; Bradfield CA. 2010. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) is required for dioxin-induced hepatotoxicity but not for the induction of the Cyp1a1 and Cyp1a2 genes. J Biol Chem 285(46):35599-605. [PubMed: 20829355]  [MGI Ref ID J:166864]

Okey AB; Vella LM; Harper PA. 1989. Detection and characterization of a low affinity form of cytosolic Ah receptor in livers of mice nonresponsive to induction of cytochrome P1-450 by 3-methylcholanthrene. Mol Pharmacol 35(6):823-30. [PubMed: 2543914]  [MGI Ref ID J:27899]

Poel WE; Stanton D; Peters E; Wade HO. 1958. Comparative susceptibilities of seven inbred strains of mice to qualified applications of 3, 4-benzpyrene Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 2:335.  [MGI Ref ID J:84245]

Poland A; Bradfield C. 1992. A brief review of the Ah locus. Tohoku J Exp Med 168(2):83-7. [PubMed: 1339107]  [MGI Ref ID J:12546]

Poland A; Glover E. 1990. Characterization and strain distribution pattern of the murine Ah receptor specified by the Ahd and Ahb-3 alleles. Mol Pharmacol 38(3):306-12. [PubMed: 2169579]  [MGI Ref ID J:34840]

Poland A; Glover E; Kende AS. 1976. Stereospecific, high affinity binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by hepatic cytosol. Evidence that the binding species is receptor for induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. J Biol Chem 251(16):4936-46. [PubMed: 956169]  [MGI Ref ID J:84247]

Poland A; Glover E; Taylor BA. 1987. The murine Ah locus: a new allele and mapping to chromosome 12. Mol Pharmacol 32(4):471-8. [PubMed: 2823093]  [MGI Ref ID J:8895]

Poland A; Palen D; Glover E. 1994. Analysis of the four alleles of the murine aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Mol Pharmacol 46(5):915-21. [PubMed: 7969080]  [MGI Ref ID J:22144]

Poland AP; Glover E; Robinson JR; Nebert DW. 1974. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Induction of monooxygenase activities and cytochrome P1-450 formation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mice genetically 'nonresponsive' to other aromatic hydrocarbons. J Biol Chem 249(17):5599-606. [PubMed: 4370044]  [MGI Ref ID J:84314]

Robinson JR; Considine N; Nebert DW. 1974. Genetic expression of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction. Evidence for the involvement of other genetic loci. J Biol Chem 249(18):5851-9. [PubMed: 4413562]  [MGI Ref ID J:84315]

Schmid FA; Demetriades MS; Schabel FM 3rd; Tarnowski GS. 1967. Toxicity of several cancerigenic polycyclic hydrocarbons and other agents in AKR and C57BL-6 mice. Cancer Res 27(3):563-7. [PubMed: 6021514]  [MGI Ref ID J:84246]

Schmid FA; Elmer I; Tarnowski GS. 1969. Genetic determination of differential inflammatory reactivity and subcutaneous tumor susceptibility of AKR-J and C57BL-6J mice to 7,12-dimethylbenz- [a]anthracene. Cancer Res 29(8):1585-9. [PubMed: 5807232]  [MGI Ref ID J:34134]

Schmid FA; Pena RC; Robinson W; Tarnowski GS. 1967. Toxicity of intraperitoneal injections of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in inbred mice. Cancer Res 27(3):558-62. [PubMed: 6021513]  [MGI Ref ID J:26440]

Schmidt JV; Carver LA; Bradfield CA. 1993. Molecular characterization of the murine Ahr gene. Organization, promoter analysis, and chromosomal assignment. J Biol Chem 268(29):22203-9. [PubMed: 8408082]  [MGI Ref ID J:15153]

Smith AG; Clothier B; Robinson S; Scullion MJ; Carthew P; Edwards R; Luo J; Lim CK; Toledano M. 1998. Interaction between iron metabolism and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in mice with variants of the Ahr gene: a hepatic oxidative mechanism. Mol Pharmacol 53(1):52-61. [PubMed: 9443932]  [MGI Ref ID J:45850]

Taylor BA. 1971. Strain distribution and linkage tests of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) inflammatory response in mice. Life Sci I 10(19):1127-34. [PubMed: 5132702]  [MGI Ref ID J:5244]

Thomas PE; Hutton JJ; Taylor BA. 1973. Genetic relationship between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility and chemical carcinogen induced skin ulceration in mice. Genetics 74(4):655-9. [PubMed: 4750810]  [MGI Ref ID J:5387]

Thomas PE; Kouri RE; Hutton JJ. 1972. The genetics of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in mice: a single gene difference between C57BL-6J and DBA-2J. Biochem Genet 6(2):157-68. [PubMed: 4666754]  [MGI Ref ID J:31977]

Yu Z; Mahadevan B; Lohr CV; Fischer KA; Louderback MA; Krueger SK; Pereira CB; Albershardt DJ; Baird WM; Bailey GS; Williams DE. 2006. Indole-3-carbinol in the maternal diet provides chemoprotection for the fetus against transplacental carcinogenesis by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dibenzo[a,l]pyrene. Carcinogenesis 27(10):2116-23. [PubMed: 16704990]  [MGI Ref ID J:113356]

Cdh23^ahl related

Davis RR; Newlander JK; Ling X; Cortopassi GA; Krieg EF; Erway LC. 2001. Genetic basis for susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in mice. Hear Res 155(1-2):82-90. [PubMed: 11335078]  [MGI Ref ID J:69679]

Di Palma F; Pellegrino R; Noben-Trauth K. 2001. Genomic structure, alternative splice forms and normal and mutant alleles of cadherin 23 (Cdh23). Gene 281(1-2):31-41. [PubMed: 11750125]  [MGI Ref ID J:73941]

Han F; Yu H; Tian C; Chen HE; Benedict-Alderfer C; Zheng Y; Wang Q; Han X; Zheng QY. 2010. A new mouse mutant of the Cdh23 gene with early-onset hearing loss facilitates evaluation of otoprotection drugs. Pharmacogenomics J :. [PubMed: 20644563]  [MGI Ref ID J:174758]

Johnson KR; Erway LC; Cook SA; Willott JF; Zheng QY. 1997. A major gene affecting age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice Hear Res 114(1-2):83-92. [PubMed: 9447922]  [MGI Ref ID J:44966]

Johnson KR; Longo-Guess C; Gagnon LH; Yu H; Zheng QY. 2008. A locus on distal chromosome 11 (ahl8) and its interaction with Cdh23 ahl underlie the early onset, age-related hearing loss of DBA/2J mice. Genomics 92(4):219-25. [PubMed: 18662770]  [MGI Ref ID J:139223]

Johnson KR; Yu H; Ding D; Jiang H; Gagnon LH; Salvi RJ. 2010. Separate and combined effects of Sod1 and Cdh23 mutations on age-related hearing loss and cochlear pathology in C57BL/6J mice. Hear Res 268(1-2):85-92. [PubMed: 20470874]  [MGI Ref ID J:163035]

Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Bykhovskaya Y; Spirina O; Fischel-Ghodsian N. 2001. A nuclear-mitochondrial DNA interaction affecting hearing impairment in mice. Nat Genet 27(2):191-4. [PubMed: 11175788]  [MGI Ref ID J:67312]

Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Noben-Trauth K. 2006. Strain background effects and genetic modifiers of hearing in mice. Brain Res 1091(1):79-88. [PubMed: 16579977]  [MGI Ref ID J:110459]

Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Weston MD; Ptacek LJ; Noben-Trauth K. 2005. The Mass1(frings) mutation underlies early onset hearing impairment in BUB/BnJ mice, a model for the auditory pathology of Usher syndrome IIC. Genomics 85(5):582-90. [PubMed: 15820310]  [MGI Ref ID J:97534]

Keithley EM; Canto C; Zheng QY; Fischel-Ghodsian N; Johnson KR. 2004. Age-related hearing loss and the ahl locus in mice. Hear Res 188(1-2):21-8. [PubMed: 14759567]  [MGI Ref ID J:87783]

Liu X; Bulgakov OV; Darrow KN; Pawlyk B; Adamian M; Liberman MC; Li T. 2007. Usherin is required for maintenance of retinal photoreceptors and normal development of cochlear hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(11):4413-8. [PubMed: 17360538]  [MGI Ref ID J:118927]

Manji SS; Williams LH; Miller KA; Ooms LM; Bahlo M; Mitchell CA; Dahl HH. 2011. A mutation in synaptojanin 2 causes progressive hearing loss in the ENU-mutagenised mouse strain Mozart. PLoS One 6(3):e17607. [PubMed: 21423608]  [MGI Ref ID J:171701]

Mathews CE; Leiter EH. 1999. Resistance of ALR/Lt islets to free radical-mediated diabetogenic stress is inherited as a dominant trait. Diabetes 48(11):2189-96. [PubMed: 10535453]  [MGI Ref ID J:109893]

Nadeau JH. 2003. Modifier genes and protective alleles in humans and mice. Curr Opin Genet Dev 13(3):290-5. [PubMed: 12787792]  [MGI Ref ID J:88012]

Noben-Trauth K; Latoche JR; Neely HR; Bennett B. 2010. Phenotype and genetics of progressive sensorineural hearing loss (Snhl1) in the LXS set of recombinant inbred strains of mice. PLoS One 5(7):e11459. [PubMed: 20628639]  [MGI Ref ID J:163117]

Noben-Trauth K; Zheng QY; Johnson KR. 2003. Association of cadherin 23 with polygenic inheritance and genetic modification of sensorineural hearing loss. Nat Genet 35(1):21-3. [PubMed: 12910270]  [MGI Ref ID J:86905]

Noben-Trauth K; Zheng QY; Johnson KR; Nishina PM. 1997. mdfw: a deafness susceptibility locus that interacts with deaf waddler (dfw). Genomics 44(3):266-72. [PubMed: 9325047]  [MGI Ref ID J:38429]

Perrin BJ; Sonnemann KJ; Ervasti JM. 2010. beta-actin and gamma-actin are each dispensable for auditory hair cell development but required for Stereocilia maintenance. PLoS Genet 6(10):e1001158. [PubMed: 20976199]  [MGI Ref ID J:167543]

Vazquez AE; Jimenez AM; Martin GK; Luebke AE; Lonsbury-Martin BL. 2004. Evaluating cochlear function and the effects of noise exposure in the B6.CAST+Ahl mouse with distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Hear Res 194(1-2):87-96. [PubMed: 15276680]  [MGI Ref ID J:117746]

Zheng QY; Johnson KR. 2001. Hearing loss associated with the modifier of deaf waddler (mdfw) locus corresponds with age-related hearing loss in 12 inbred strains of mice. Hear Res 154(1-2):45-53. [PubMed: 11423214]  [MGI Ref ID J:70964]

Zilberstein Y; Liberman MC; Corfas G. 2012. Inner hair cells are not required for survival of spiral ganglion neurons in the adult cochlea. J Neurosci 32(2):405-10. [PubMed: 22238076]  [MGI Ref ID J:179911]

Fbrwt1^C57BL/6J related

Lu L; Wei L; Peirce JL; Wang X; Zhou J; Homayouni R; Williams RW; Airey DC. 2008. Using gene expression databases for classical trait QTL candidate gene discovery in the BXD recombinant inbred genetic reference population: mouse forebrain weight. BMC Genomics 9:444. [PubMed: 18817551]  [MGI Ref ID J:143361]

Fbrwt2^C57BL/6J related

Lu L; Wei L; Peirce JL; Wang X; Zhou J; Homayouni R; Williams RW; Airey DC. 2008. Using gene expression databases for classical trait QTL candidate gene discovery in the BXD recombinant inbred genetic reference population: mouse forebrain weight. BMC Genomics 9:444. [PubMed: 18817551]  [MGI Ref ID J:143361]

Gluchos1^C57BL/6J related

Freeman HC; Hugill A; Dear NT; Ashcroft FM; Cox RD. 2006. Deletion of Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase: A New Quantitive Trait Locus Accounting for Glucose Intolerance in C57BL/6J Mice. Diabetes 55(7):2153-6. [PubMed: 16804088]  [MGI Ref ID J:109356]

Micrlⁿ related

Schlagel CJ; Ahmed A. 1982. Evidence for genetic control of microwave-induced augmentation of complement receptor-bearing B lymphocytes. J Immunol 129(4):1530-3. [PubMed: 6980940]  [MGI Ref ID J:6835]

Nnt^C57BL/6J related

Freeman HC; Hugill A; Dear NT; Ashcroft FM; Cox RD. 2006. Deletion of Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase: A New Quantitive Trait Locus Accounting for Glucose Intolerance in C57BL/6J Mice. Diabetes 55(7):2153-6. [PubMed: 16804088]  [MGI Ref ID J:109356]

Huang TT; Naeemuddin M; Elchuri S; Yamaguchi M; Kozy HM; Carlson EJ; Epstein CJ. 2006. Genetic modifiers of the phenotype of mice deficient in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Hum Mol Genet 15(7):1187-94. [PubMed: 16497723]  [MGI Ref ID J:108213]

Kim A; Chen CH; Ursell P; Huang TT. 2010. Genetic modifier of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-deficient mice delays heart failure and prolongs survival. Mamm Genome 21(11-12):534-42. [PubMed: 21069343]  [MGI Ref ID J:166767]

Parker N; Vidal-Puig AJ; Azzu V; Brand MD. 2009. Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis in nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase knockout mice is independent of uncoupling protein 2. Biochim Biophys Acta 1787(12):1451-7. [PubMed: 19539600]  [MGI Ref ID J:153452]

Wong N; Blair AR; Morahan G; Andrikopoulos S. 2010. The deletion variant of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) does not affect insulin secretion or glucose tolerance. Endocrinology 151(1):96-102. [PubMed: 19906813]  [MGI Ref ID J:168281]

P2rx7^P451L related

Adriouch S; Dox C; Welge V; Seman M; Koch-Nolte F; Haag F. 2002. Cutting Edge: A Natural P451L Mutation in the Cytoplasmic Domain Impairs the Function of the Mouse P2X7 Receptor. J Immunol 169(8):4108-12. [PubMed: 12370338]  [MGI Ref ID J:79540]

Le Stunff H; Auger R; Kanellopoulos J; Raymond MN. 2004. The Pro-451 to Leu polymorphism within the C-terminal tail of P2X7 receptor impairs cell death but not phospholipase D activation in murine thymocytes. J Biol Chem 279(17):16918-26. [PubMed: 14761980]  [MGI Ref ID J:89513]

Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Room Number           AX1
Room Number           AX10
Room Number           AX4
Room Number           AX8
Room Number           MP13
Room Number           MP14
Room Number           MP15
Room Number           MP21
Room Number           MP23
Room Number           RB03
Room Number           RB04
Room Number           RB05

Colony Maintenance

Mating System	Sibling x Sibling         (Female x Male)   01-MAR-06
Breeding Considerations	This strain is a good breeder.
Diet Information	LabDiet® 5K52/5K67

Purchasing information

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General Supply Notes

• Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

Important Note

This strain is homozygous for Cdh23^ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, which on this background results in progressive hearing loss with onset after 10 months of age.

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The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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