Description

Strain Information

Former Names B6.DW-Pit1dw/J    (Changed: 21-SEP-06 ) Type Congenic; Mutant Strain; Additional information on Genetically Engineered Mutant Mice. Species laboratory mouse Generation N12

Description
Mice homozygous mice for the dwarf spontaneous mutation (Pou1f1^dw) are characterized by severe proportional dwarfing, sterility, and hypothyroidism. Adult dwarf mice are about one-fourth to one-third the size of wildtype mice. There is a lack of growth hormone, prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone producing cells in the anterior pituitary leading to severe endocrine deficiency of these hormones. Homozygous mutant mice show a transient loss in cortical thymocytes associated with the primary defect in anterior pituitary.

Development
A heterozygous dwarf (Pou1f1^dw/+) male from strain DW/J at generation F45 was crossed to a C57BL/6J female in 1969 to start the B6.DW line. Each generation thereafter a tested male carrier was backcrossed to a C57BL/6J female to N11. At N11 the strain was maintained by mating tested heterozygous siblings to F9. The strain was cryopreserved in 1981 by mating N11F9 tested heterozygous dwarf males to C57BL/6J females.

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Pou1f1^dw allele

000643

DW/J Mlphln Pou1f1dw/J

View Strains carrying   Pou1f1^dw     (1 strain)

Strains carrying other alleles of Pou1f1

000510	C3H/HeJ-Pou1f1dw-J/J
000681	DW.C3-Mlph+ Pou1f1+/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Pou1f1     (2 strains)

Additional Web Information

Congenic Nomenclature
JAX^® NOTES, Fall 2001; 483. Extended Life Span in Mice with Dwarfing Mutations.

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms

      assigned by genotype

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Pou1f1^dw/Pou1f1^dw

        Background Not Specified

• growth/size phenotype
• proportional dwarf (MGI Ref ID J:13120)
  • mature individuals are only one fourth the weight of their normal sibs
  • reduced size begins after 14th day
• reproductive system phenotype
• infertility (MGI Ref ID J:13120)
  • both males and females are entirely sterile
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• decreased growth hormone level (MGI Ref ID J:6589)
  • GH was undetectable from birth to 6 weeks of age
• decreased prolactin level (MGI Ref ID J:6589)
  • PRL was undetectable from birth to 6 weeks of age
• decreased circulating prolactin level (MGI Ref ID J:6754)
  • minimal concentrations of PRL were detected in the plasma
• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• absent lactotrophs (MGI Ref ID J:6754)
  • PRL-producing mammotropes were absent
• absent somatotrophs (MGI Ref ID J:7211)
  • GH-producing somatotropes were absent
• decreased thyrotroph cell number (MGI Ref ID J:12161)
  • almost complete absence of TSH-producing thyrotroph
• nervous system phenotype
• absent lactotrophs (MGI Ref ID J:6754)
  • PRL-producing mammotropes were absent
• absent somatotrophs (MGI Ref ID J:7211)
  • GH-producing somatotropes were absent
• decreased thyrotroph cell number (MGI Ref ID J:12161)
  • almost complete absence of TSH-producing thyrotroph
• craniofacial phenotype
• abnormal molar morphology (MGI Ref ID J:13120)
  • mutants have normal molar crowns but reduced roots

Pou1f1^dw/Pou1f1^dw

        DW/J Pou1f1^dw

• hematopoietic system phenotype
• decreased B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:110683)
  • the frequency of B lineage cells is significantly reduced
  • treatment with T4 restores B lineage deficiency
  • myelopoiesis and thymopoiesis were normal
• immune system phenotype
• decreased B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:110683)
  • the frequency of B lineage cells is significantly reduced
  • treatment with T4 restores B lineage deficiency
  • myelopoiesis and thymopoiesis were normal
• life span-post-weaning/aging
• extended life span (MGI Ref ID J:73731)
  • lifespan of female mice housed with normal-sized control females (caretakers) is increased by 50% (872 days) over median life span (579 days) of controls
  • lifespan of male mice housed with control males is reduced by 6%, however, when transferred to female caretakers the two oldest males lived 24% longer than controls
• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• abnormal pituitary gland development (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
  • at 8 days of age there are fewer actively dividing cells in the pituitary but no abnormal increase in apoptosis
  • at 1 day of age a slight increase in apoptosis in the pituitary is found
• absent lactotrophs (MGI Ref ID J:7211)
• absent somatotrophs (MGI Ref ID J:7211)
• pituitary gland hypoplasia (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
  • although normal size and morphology at 1 day of age, the pituitary is smaller than normal by 11 days of age due to reduced growth of the anterior lobes
• nervous system phenotype
• abnormal pituitary gland development (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
  • at 8 days of age there are fewer actively dividing cells in the pituitary but no abnormal increase in apoptosis
  • at 1 day of age a slight increase in apoptosis in the pituitary is found
• absent lactotrophs (MGI Ref ID J:7211)
• absent somatotrophs (MGI Ref ID J:7211)
• pituitary gland hypoplasia (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
  • although normal size and morphology at 1 day of age, the pituitary is smaller than normal by 11 days of age due to reduced growth of the anterior lobes

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Pou1f1^dw related

Cell Biology Research
Signal Transduction
Transcriptional Regulation

Developmental Biology Research
Extended Life Span
Growth Defects

Endocrine Deficiency Research
Hypothalamus/Pituitary Defects

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Immunodeficiency Associated with Other Defects

Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
pituitary hormone deficiency

Reproductive Biology Research
Fertility Defects

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol		Pou1f1dw
Allele Name		dwarf
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		Pit1dw; Pit1dwSn; Snell's dwarf; Snell-Bagg pituitary dwarf; dw; dwarf;
Strain of Origin		STOCK Sisi
Gene Symbol and Name		Pou1f1, POU domain, class 1, transcription factor 1 (Pit1, growth hormone factor 1)
Chromosome		16
Gene Common Name(s)		GHF-1; GHF1; GHF1A; Hmp1; PIT1; PIT1Z; Pit-1; Pit1; Pit1-rs1; Snell dwarf; dw; dwarf; pituitary specific transcription factor 1; pituitary specific transcription factor 1, related sequence 1;
General Note		This mutation arose in a stock of silver mice obtained from an English fancier (J:13120). Homozygous mutant mice are about one-fourth to one-third normal size and are sterile. The small size is due to a defective anterior pituitary in which there is a great deficiency of GH-producing, PRL-producing, and TSH-producing cells (J:6754, J:7211, J:12161). The anterior pituitary of the Pit1dw homozygote is already abnormal at birth with no identifiable GH or PRL cells (J:6684). GH and PRL synthesis is not detectable at any stages from birth to 6 weeks of age (J:6589), and there is probably also a deficiency of TSH and corticotropin (J:19241). Adult dwarf mouse pituitaries retain an embryonic, incompletely differentiated form of corticotrophs (J:13323). The defects in growth and fertility may be corrected by pituitary implants (J:13139) or by administration of pituitary hormones (J:30695, J:5085). Two populations of cells give rise to thyrotrophs in the anterior pituitary in developing mouse embryos. The first population arises at day 12 in the rostral tip of the gland. This population is independent of Pit1, as it appears in Pit1dw mice, but it disappears by birth. The second population, which arises in the caudomedial portion of the gland at embryonic day 15.5, is Pit1-dependent, and is absent in Snell dwarf mice(J:17223). Pit1dw mice have been reported to have a defective immune response that primarily affects the T cell system (J:19990), but other authors (J:6241, J:5638) have been unable to confirm these findings and attribute the previous results to secondary effects of dwarfing on overall vigor and nutritional status. Cross (J:2020) has shown that Pit1dw homozygous mice do develop normal immunocompetence, but that this development is delayed relative to that in normal littermates. Dwarf homozygotes have a severe deficiency of dopamine in the median eminence (J:6652).
Molecular Note		A G-to-T transversion mutation in codon 261 is predicted to convert a tryptophan residue in the homeodomain to a cysteine in the encoded protein. [MGI Ref ID J:10774]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

This strain will not have a genotyping protocol or one is not currently available.

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Selected Reference(s)

Boylston WH; Gerstner A; DeFord JH; Madsen M; Flurkey K; Harrison DE; Papaconstantinou J. 2004. Altered cholesterologenic and lipogenic transcriptional profile in livers of aging Snell dwarf (Pit1dw/dwJ) mice. Aging Cell 3(5):283-96. [PubMed: 15379852]  [MGI Ref ID J:109839]

Papaconstantinou J; Deford JH; Gerstner A; Hsieh CC; Boylston WH; Guigneaux MM; Flurkey K; Harrison DE. 2005. Hepatic gene and protein expression of primary components of the IGF-I axis in long lived Snell dwarf mice. Mech Ageing Dev 126(6-7):692-704. [PubMed: 15888324]  [MGI Ref ID J:98300]

Additional References

Camper SA; Saunders TL; Katz RW; Reeves RH. 1990. The Pit-1 transcription factor gene is a candidate for the murine Snell dwarf mutation. Genomics 8(3):586-90. [PubMed: 1981057]  [MGI Ref ID J:10998]

Flurkey K; Papaconstantinou J; Harrison DE. 2002. The Snell dwarf mutation Pit1(dw) can increase life span in mice. Mech Ageing Dev 123(2-3):121-30. [PubMed: 11718806]  [MGI Ref ID J:73731]

Li S; Crenshaw EB 3d; Rawson EJ; Simmons DM; Swanson LW; Rosenfeld MG. 1990. Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1. Nature 347(6293):528-33. [PubMed: 1977085]  [MGI Ref ID J:10774]

Madsen MA; Hsieh CC; Boylston WH; Flurkey K; Harrison D; Papaconstantinou J. 2004. Altered oxidative stress response of the long-lived Snell dwarf mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 318(4):998-1005. [PubMed: 15147972]  [MGI Ref ID J:90070]

Pou1f1^dw related

Barger JL; Walford RL; Weindruch R. 2003. The retardation of aging by caloric restriction: its significance in the transgenic era. Exp Gerontol 38(11-12):1343-51. [PubMed: 14698815]  [MGI Ref ID J:87701]

Barkley MS; Bartke A; Gross DS; Sinha YN. 1982. Prolactin status of hereditary dwarf mice. Endocrinology 110(6):2088-96. [PubMed: 7075549]  [MGI Ref ID J:6754]

Bartke A. 1967. Prolactin deficiency in genetically sterile dwarf mice. In: Endocrine Genetics. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.  [MGI Ref ID J:30695]

Bartke A. 1968. The response of dwarf mice to murine thyroid-stimulating hormone. Gen Comp Endocrinol 11(1):246-7. [PubMed: 5674697]  [MGI Ref ID J:5085]

Bartke A; Brown-Borg H; Mattison J; Kinney B; Hauck S; Wright C. 2001. Prolonged longevity of hypopituitary dwarf mice. Exp Gerontol 36(1):21-8. [PubMed: 11162909]  [MGI Ref ID J:66980]

Brooks NL; Trent CM; Raetzsch CF; Flurkey K; Boysen G; Perfetti MT; Jeong YC; Klebanov S; Patel KB; Khodush VR; Kupper LL; Carling D; Swenberg JA; Harrison DE; Combs TP. 2007. Low utilization of circulating glucose after food withdrawal in snell dwarf mice. J Biol Chem 282(48):35069-77. [PubMed: 17905742]  [MGI Ref ID J:127162]

CARSNER RL; RENNELS EG. 1960. Primary site of gene action in anterior pituitary dwarf mice. Science 131:829. [PubMed: 13807990]  [MGI Ref ID J:13139]

Chen HW; Meier H; Heiniger HJ; Huebner RJ. 1972. Tumorigenesis in strain DW-J mice and induction by prolactin of the group-specific antigen of endogenous C-type RNA tumor virus. J Natl Cancer Inst 49(4):1145-54. [PubMed: 4117317]  [MGI Ref ID J:46465]

Cheng TC; Beamer WG; Phillips JA 3d; Bartke A; Mallonee RL; Dowling C. 1983. Etiology of growth hormone deficiency in little, Ames, and Snell dwarf mice. Endocrinology 113(5):1669-78. [PubMed: 6194978]  [MGI Ref ID J:7211]

Cross RJ; Bryson JS; Roszman TL. 1992. Immunologic disparity in the hypopituitary dwarf mouse. J Immunol 148(5):1347-52. [PubMed: 1531667]  [MGI Ref ID J:2020]

DiMattia GE; Rhodes SJ; Krones A; Carriere C; O'Connell S; Kalla K; Arias C; Sawchenko P; Rosenfeld MG. 1997. The Pit-1 gene is regulated by distinct early and late pituitary-specific enhancers. Dev Biol 182(1):180-90. [PubMed: 9073460]  [MGI Ref ID J:39064]

Dickson SL; Doutrelant-Viltart O; Leng G. 1995. GH-deficient dw/dw rats and lit/lit mice show increased Fos expression in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus following systemic injection of GH-releasing peptide-6. J Endocrinol 146(3):519-26. [PubMed: 7595148]  [MGI Ref ID J:29289]

Dozmorov I; Galecki A; Chang Y; Krzesicki R; Vergara M; Miller RA. 2002. Gene expression profile of long-lived snell dwarf mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 57(3):B99-108. [PubMed: 11867646]  [MGI Ref ID J:75145]

Dumont F; Robert F; Bischoff P. 1979. T and B lymphocytes in pituitary dwarf Snell-Bagg mice. Immunology 38(1):23-31. [PubMed: 315916]  [MGI Ref ID J:6241]

Duquesnoy RJ; Pedersen GM. 1981. Immunologic and hematologic deficiencies of the ypopituitary dwarf mouse. In: Immunologic Defects in Laboratory Animals. Plenum Press, New York, New York.  [MGI Ref ID J:19990]

ELFTMAN H; WEGELIUS O. 1959. Anterior pituitary cytology of the dwarf mouse. Anat Rec 135:43-9. [PubMed: 13819893]  [MGI Ref ID J:12161]

Flurkey K; Papaconstantinou J; Harrison DE. 2002. The Snell dwarf mutation Pit1(dw) can increase life span in mice. Mech Ageing Dev 123(2-3):121-30. [PubMed: 11718806]  [MGI Ref ID J:73731]

Flurkey K; Papaconstantinou J; Miller RA; Harrison DE. 2001. Lifespan extension and delayed immune and collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(12):6736-41. [PubMed: 11371619]  [MGI Ref ID J:69878]

Gala RR. 1995. Influence of thyroxine and thyroxine with growth hormone and prolactin on splenocyte subsets and on the expression of interleukin-2 and prolactin receptors on splenocyte subsets of Snell dwarf mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 210(2):117-25. [PubMed: 7568281]  [MGI Ref ID J:29337]

Gala RR. 1995. The influence of thyroxine, growth hormone and prolactin alone and in combination on the production of prolactin-like activity by splenocytes from Snell dwarf mice. Life Sci 57(2):113-22. [PubMed: 7603293]  [MGI Ref ID J:26825]

Gala RR; Shevach EM. 1993. Influence of prolactin and growth hormone on the activation of dwarf mouse lymphocytes in vivo. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 204(2):224-30. [PubMed: 8415780]  [MGI Ref ID J:15274]

Gruneberg H. 1965. Genes and genotypes affecting the teeth of the mouse. J Embryol Exp Morphol 14(2):137-59. [PubMed: 5893447]  [MGI Ref ID J:12999]

Hsieh CC; DeFord JH; Flurkey K; Harrison DE; Papaconstantinou J. 2002. Effects of the Pit1 mutation on the insulin signaling pathway: implications on the longevity of the long-lived Snell dwarf mouse. Mech Ageing Dev 123(9):1245-55. [PubMed: 12020946]  [MGI Ref ID J:77094]

Hsieh CC; DeFord JH; Flurkey K; Harrison DE; Papaconstantinou J. 2002. Implications for the insulin signaling pathway in Snell dwarf mouse longevity: a similarity with the C. elegans longevity paradigm. Mech Ageing Dev 123(9):1229-44. [PubMed: 12020945]  [MGI Ref ID J:77095]

Hsieh CC; Papaconstantinou J. 2006. Thioredoxin-ASK1 complex levels regulate ROS-mediated p38 MAPK pathway activity in livers of aged and long-lived Snell dwarf mice. FASEB J 20(2):259-68. [PubMed: 16449798]  [MGI Ref ID J:105801]

Hurley DL; Birch DV; Almond MC; Estrada IJ; Phelps CJ. 2003. Reduced hypothalamic neuropeptide Y expression in growth hormone- and prolactin-deficient Ames and Snell dwarf mice. Endocrinology 144(11):4783-9. [PubMed: 12960004]  [MGI Ref ID J:105617]

Karolyi IJ; Dootz GA; Halsey K; Beyer L; Probst FJ; Johnson KR; Parlow AF; Raphael Y; Dolan DF; Camper SA. 2007. Dietary thyroid hormone replacement ameliorates hearing deficits in hypothyroid mice. Mamm Genome 18(8):596-608. [PubMed: 17899304]  [MGI Ref ID J:125708]

Koedam JA; Hoogerbrugge CM; van Buul-Offers SC. 1998. Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 protease activity in Snell normal and Pit-1 deficient dwarf mice. J Endocrinol 157(2):295-303. [PubMed: 9659293]  [MGI Ref ID J:47738]

Kooijman R; Malur A; Van Buul-Offers SC; Hooghe-Peters EL. 1997. Growth hormone expression in murine bone marrow cells is independent of the pituitary transcription factor Pit-1. Endocrinology 138(9):3949-55. [PubMed: 9275086]  [MGI Ref ID J:42905]

Lewis UJ. 1967. Growth Hormone of Normal and Dwarf mice.. In: Endocrine Genetics. Cambridge Univ. Press, London, Cambridge.  [MGI Ref ID J:19241]

Li S; Crenshaw EB 3d; Rawson EJ; Simmons DM; Swanson LW; Rosenfeld MG. 1990. Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1. Nature 347(6293):528-33. [PubMed: 1977085]  [MGI Ref ID J:10774]

Liang H; Masoro EJ; Nelson JF; Strong R; McMahan CA; Richardson A. 2003. Genetic mouse models of extended lifespan. Exp Gerontol 38(11-12):1353-64. [PubMed: 14698816]  [MGI Ref ID J:87700]

Lin SC; Li S; Drolet DW; Rosenfeld MG. 1994. Pituitary ontogeny of the Snell dwarf mouse reveals Pit-1-independent and Pit-1-dependent origins of the thyrotrope. Development 120(3):515-22. [PubMed: 8162852]  [MGI Ref ID J:17223]

Madsen MA; Hsieh CC; Boylston WH; Flurkey K; Harrison D; Papaconstantinou J. 2004. Altered oxidative stress response of the long-lived Snell dwarf mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 318(4):998-1005. [PubMed: 15147972]  [MGI Ref ID J:90070]

Marquis G; Montplaisir S; Pelletier M; Auger P; Lapp WS. 1988. Genetics of resistance to infection with Candida albicans in mice. Br J Exp Pathol 69(5):651-60. [PubMed: 3058198]  [MGI Ref ID J:27324]

Meseguer A; Catterall JF. 1992. Effects of pituitary hormones on the cell-specific expression of the KAP gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 89(1-2):153-62. [PubMed: 1338721]  [MGI Ref ID J:3165]

Montecino-Rodriguez E; Clark R; Johnson A; Collins L; Dorshkind K. 1996. Defective B cell development in Snell dwarf (dw/dw) mice can be corrected by thyroxine treatment. J Immunol 157(8):3334-40. [PubMed: 8871629]  [MGI Ref ID J:38361]

Montecino-Rodriguez E; Clark RG; Powell-Braxton L; Dorshkind K. 1997. Primary B cell development is impaired in mice with defects of the pituitary/thyroid axis. J Immunol 159(6):2712-9. [PubMed: 9300691]  [MGI Ref ID J:110683]

Morgan WW; Bartke A; Pfeil K. 1981. Deficiency of dopamine in the median eminence of Snell dwarf mice. Endocrinology 109(6):2069-75. [PubMed: 7308142]  [MGI Ref ID J:6652]

Murphy WJ; Durum SK; Anver MR; Longo DL. 1992. Immunologic and hematologic effects of neuroendocrine hormones. Studies on DW/J dwarf mice. J Immunol 148(12):3799-805. [PubMed: 1602129]  [MGI Ref ID J:1229]

Murphy WJ; Durum SK; Longo DL. 1993. Differential effects of growth hormone and prolactin on murine T cell development and function. J Exp Med 178(1):231-6. [PubMed: 8315380]  [MGI Ref ID J:13108]

Nissley SP; Knazek RA; Wolff GL. 1980. Somatomedin activity in sera of genetically small mice. Horm Metab Res 12(4):158-64. [PubMed: 7390396]  [MGI Ref ID J:6340]

Noguchi T; Kurata LM; Sugisaki T. 1987. Presence of a somatomedin-C-immunoreactive substance in the central nervous system: immunohistochemical mapping studies. Neuroendocrinology 46(4):277-82. [PubMed: 3313091]  [MGI Ref ID J:30358]

O'Hara BF; Bendotti C; Reeves RH; Oster-Granite ML; Coyle JT; Gearhart JD. 1988. Genetic mapping and analysis of somatostatin expression in Snell dwarf mice. Brain Res 464(4):283-92. [PubMed: 2906811]  [MGI Ref ID J:4468]

Phelps CJ. 1994. Pituitary hormones as neurotrophic signals: anomalous hypophysiotrophic neuron differentiation in hypopituitary dwarf mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 206(1):6-23. [PubMed: 7910409]  [MGI Ref ID J:18152]

Phelps CJ. 2004. Postnatal regression of hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons in prolactin-deficient Snell dwarf mice. Endocrinology 145(12):5656-64. [PubMed: 15345680]  [MGI Ref ID J:95756]

Phillips JA 3d; Beamer WG; Bartke A. 1982. Analysis of growth hormone genes in mice with genetic defects of growth hormone expression. J Endocrinol 92(3):405-7. [PubMed: 7069343]  [MGI Ref ID J:6741]

Postiglione MP; Parlato R; Rodriguez-Mallon A; Rosica A; Mithbaokar P; Maresca M; Marians RC; Davies TF; Zannini MS; De Felice M; Di Lauro R. 2002. Role of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor signaling in development and differentiation of the thyroid gland. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(24):15462-7. [PubMed: 12432093]  [MGI Ref ID J:80538]

Salmon AB; Murakami S; Bartke A; Kopchick J; Yasumura K; Miller RA. 2005. Fibroblast cell lines from young adult mice of long-lived mutant strains are resistant to multiple forms of stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 289(1):E23-9. [PubMed: 15701676]  [MGI Ref ID J:99517]

Schneider GB. 1976. Immunological competence in Snell-Bagg pituitary dwarf mice: response to the contact-sensitizing agent oxazolone. Am J Anat 145(3):371-93. [PubMed: 1266774]  [MGI Ref ID J:5638]

Slabaugh MB; Lieberman ME; Rutledge JJ; Gorski J. 1981. Growth hormone and prolactin synthesis in normal and homozygous Snell and Ames dwarf mice. Endocrinology 109(4):1040-6. [PubMed: 7285859]  [MGI Ref ID J:6589]

Snell GD. 1929. DWARF, A NEW MENDELIAN RECESSIVE CHARACTER OF THE HOUSE MOUSE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 15(9):733-4. [PubMed: 16577229]  [MGI Ref ID J:13120]

Stickland NC; Crook AR; Sutton CM. 1994. Effects of pituitary dwarfism in the mouse on fast and slow skeletal muscles. Acta Anat (Basel) 151(4):245-9. [PubMed: 7740919]  [MGI Ref ID J:24150]

Sugisaki T; Yamada T; Saitoh S; Takamatsu K; Kubota C; Noguchi T. 1994. Hippocalcin expression in the brain of the Snell dwarf mutant mouse. Brain Res 665(1):101-6. [PubMed: 7882001]  [MGI Ref ID J:21733]

Tomita K; Yoshida T; Morita J; Atsumi S; Totsuka T. 1995. In vivo responsiveness of thyroid glands to TSH in normal and novel 'growth-retarded' mice: transient elevation in normal mice and impairment in 'growth-retarded' mice. J Endocrinol 144(2):209-14. [PubMed: 7706974]  [MGI Ref ID J:23121]

Vergara M; Smith-Wheelock M; Harper JM; Sigler R; Miller RA. 2004. Hormone-treated snell dwarf mice regain fertility but remain long lived and disease resistant. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 59(12):1244-50. [PubMed: 15699523]  [MGI Ref ID J:105551]

Ward RD; Stone BM; Raetzman LT; Camper SA. 2006. Cell proliferation and vascularization in mouse models of pituitary hormone deficiency. Mol Endocrinol 20(6):1378-90. [PubMed: 16556738]  [MGI Ref ID J:108961]

Wilson DB; Christensen E. 1981. Fine structure of somatotrophs and mammotrophs during development of the dwarf (dw) mutant mouse. J Anat 133(Pt 3):407-17. [PubMed: 7328047]  [MGI Ref ID J:6684]

Wilson DB; Wyatt DP. 1993. Immunocytochemical effects of thyroxine stimulation on the adenohypophysis of dwarf (dw) mutant mice. Cell Tissue Res 274(3):579-85. [PubMed: 8293449]  [MGI Ref ID J:21449]

Wilson DB; Wyatt DP. 1993. Immunocytochemistry of ambiguous cells in adult and embryonic dwarf (dw) mouse pituitaries. Anat Rec 236(4):671-8. [PubMed: 8397485]  [MGI Ref ID J:13323]

al-Hendy A; Hortelano G; Tannenbaum GS; Chang PL. 1995. Correction of the growth defect in dwarf mice with nonautologous microencapsulated myoblasts--an alternate approach to somatic gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 6(2):165-75. [PubMed: 7734517]  [MGI Ref ID J:26944]

van Buul-Offers SC; Bloemen RJ; Reijnen-Gresnigt MG; van Leiden HA; Hoogerbrugge CM; Van den Brande JL. 1994. Insulin-like growth factors-I and -II and their binding proteins during postnatal development of dwarf Snell mice before and during growth hormone and thyroxine therapy. J Endocrinol 143(1):191-8. [PubMed: 7525829]  [MGI Ref ID J:20697]

van Buul-Offers SC; Reijnen-Gresnigt MG; Hoogerbrugge CM; Bloemen RJ; Kuper CF; Van den Brande JL. 1994. Recombinant insulin-like growth factor-II inhibits the growth-stimulating effect of growth hormone on the liver of Snell dwarf mice. Endocrinology 135(3):977-85. [PubMed: 7520865]  [MGI Ref ID J:21196]

van Kleffens M; Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ; Koster JG; van Neck JW; Flyvbjerg A; Rasch R; Drop SL; van Buul-Offers SC. 2001. The role of the IGF axis in IGFBP-1 and IGF-I induced renal enlargement in Snell dwarf mice. J Endocrinol 170(2):333-46. [PubMed: 11479130]  [MGI Ref ID J:71153]

Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Currently there no information available for this strain. This may be due to the supply level of this strain.

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Pricing

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Repository-Cryopreserved. Must Be Recovered. Please refer to pricing and supply notes for further information.

Supply Notes

Cryorecovery of Strains Needing Progeny Testing. The recovery process begins when a signed agreement form is returned to the Customer Service Department after order placement. Although results vary by strain, at least two untested males and two untested females (two pairs) will be recovered, typically within 15 weeks of our receipt of the signed agreement form. If the first recovery attempt is unsuccessful or only one pair is recovered, a second recovery will be done, extending the overall recovery time to approximately 25 weeks. However, all pups recovered will be sent. Progeny testing is required to identify the genotype of mice of this strain, as a genotyping assay is not available. This type of testing involves breeding the recovered animals and assessing the phenotype of the offspring in order to identify animals carrying the mutation of interest. We can perform the progeny testing for you as a service or we can ship all recovered animals (at least two untested pairs) to you for progeny testing at your facility. If you perform the progeny testing, there is NO guarantee that a carrier will be identified. If we perform progeny testing as a service, additional breeding time will be required. In this case, when a male and female (one pair) are identified that carry the mutation, they and their offspring will be shipped. Delivery time for strains requiring progeny testing often exceeds 25 weeks and may take 12 months or more due to the difficulties in breeding some strains. The progeny testing cost is in addition to the recovery cost and is based on the number of boxes used and the time taken to produce the mice identified as carrying the mutation. Please note that identified pairs may not reflect the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation of the strain. Mating schemes are sometimes modified for successful cryopreservation. Please contact Customer Service for more information on the cost of progeny testing for a strain: Tel: 1-800-422-6423 or 1-207-288-5845. Cryorecovery to establish a Dedicated Supply for greater quantities of mice One to two pairs will be recovered to establish a Dedicated Supply of mice. Price by quotation. For more information on Dedicated Supply, please contact JAX® Services, Tel: 1-800-422-6423 or 1-207-288-5845. Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

General Terms and Conditions

See Terms of Use

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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Ordering and Purchasing Information

      Purchasing Information
      JAX^® Mice Orders
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Contact Information
Orders & Technical Support
Tel: 800.422.6423 or 207.288.5845
Fax: 207.288.6150
Technical Support Email Form

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

General Terms and Conditions

Contact information

General inquiries

Contracts Administration

phone:	207-288-6470
fax:	207-288-6655

JAX^® Mice & Services Conditions of Use

“Each recipient institution, including its employees and other researchers under its control (RECIPIENT), of mice or services using mice from The Jackson Laboratory (TJL) agrees that such mice, descendants of those mice derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, including unmodified derivatives of those mice or their descendants (“MICE”) shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research of the RECIPIENT, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services with respect to MICE. Acceptance of MICE from TJL shall be deemed agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires The Jackson Laboratory’s prior written authorization.”

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of MICE, products or services, The Jackson Laboratory will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the MICE or product received or the services provided.

No Liability

In no event shall The Jackson Laboratory, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, products or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of The Jackson Laboratory, its agents or employees. In purchasing or receiving MICE, products or services from The Jackson Laboratory, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges The Jackson Laboratory from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify The Jackson Laboratory from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE and biological materials are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to The Jackson Laboratory’s MICE, products and services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, products and services may be set forth separately in The Jackson Laboratory web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, products and services by The Jackson Laboratory, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, products or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on The Jackson Laboratory, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, products services by The Jackson Laboratory.