Description

Strain Information

Former Names Hypogonadal    (Changed: 15-DEC-04 ) Type Spontaneous Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered Mutant Mice. Type Inbred Strain; Additional information on Inbred Strains. Mating System Heterozygote x Heterozygote         (Female x Male) Species laboratory mouse Generation F64 (21-JAN-08)

Appearance
agouti
Related Genotype: A/A

Important Note
This strain is segregating for Gnrh1^hpg.

Description
Mice homozygous for the hypogonadal mutation (Gnrh1^hpg) are characterized by an overall underdevelopment of the reproductive tract. Male mice have a small penis and scrotum and a short ano-genital distance. All male reproductive organs are present but are immature. The testes are small and undescended. Spermatogenesis is arrested, usually by the diplotene stage. The vagina of female mice does not open fully, the uterus is thread-like, and the ovaries are very small. Homozygous mutant mice are deficient in LH, FSH, and gonadal steroids. They also exhibit aberrant PRL secretion patterns. Both sexes are sterile although fertility can be restored with hormone replacement.

Control Information

	Control
	Heterozygote from the colony
	Wild-type from the colony
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Gnrh1^hpg allele

002038

CB17;HPG-Prkdcscid Gnrh1hpg/Bm

View Strains carrying   Gnrh1^hpg     (1 strain)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Eunuchoidism, Familial Hypogonadotropic - 5

5 Conditionally targeted allele(s)

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms

      assigned by genotype

Gnrh1^hpg/Gnrh1^hpg

        HPG/BmJ

• hematopoietic system phenotype
• abnormal spleen cellularity (MGI Ref ID J:19436)
  • splenic B cell population is approximately 2 fold higher than normal although no change is found in the number of Mac1 positive splenocytes
• increased B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:19436)
  • bone marrow and spleen have significantly more B cells, both immature and mature, than normal, and increasing serum estrogen decreases the number of B cells
• increased immature B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:19436)
  • in bone marrow and spleen
• increased mature B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:19436)
  • in bone marrow and spleen
• increased bone marrow cell number (MGI Ref ID J:19436)
  • bone marrow has a modest increase in total nucleated cells, accounted for by increases in B lineage lymphocytes
• immune system phenotype
• abnormal spleen cellularity (MGI Ref ID J:19436)
  • splenic B cell population is approximately 2 fold higher than normal although no change is found in the number of Mac1 positive splenocytes
• increased B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:19436)
  • bone marrow and spleen have significantly more B cells, both immature and mature, than normal, and increasing serum estrogen decreases the number of B cells
• increased immature B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:19436)
  • in bone marrow and spleen
• increased mature B cell number (MGI Ref ID J:19436)
  • in bone marrow and spleen

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Gnrh1^hpg/Gnrh1^hpg

        involves: 101/H * C3H/HeH

• reproductive system phenotype
• abnormal anogenital distance (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • males exhbited a reduced distance
• abnormal female reproductive anatomy (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
• abnormal vagina opening (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • failure of vagina to open fully
• impaired ovarian folliculogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • though some follicles were observed in the early stages of antrum formation, most were arrested at the pre-antral phase
• small ovary (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • arrested development
• small uterus (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • arrested development
• abnormal gametogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
• arrest of male meiosis (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • rarely advanced beyond the diplotene stage
• abnormal male reproductive anatomy (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
• abnormal scrotum morphology (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • underdeveloped scrotum
• cryptorchism (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • testes located in the abdomen
• small penis (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
• small seminal gland (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • arrested development
• small testis (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • arrested development
• abnormal sex gland morphology (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
• cryptorchism (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • testes located in the abdomen
• impaired ovarian folliculogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • though some follicles were observed in the early stages of antrum formation, most were arrested at the pre-antral phase
• small ovary (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • arrested development
• small seminal gland (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • arrested development
• small testis (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • arrested development
• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• abnormal pituitary gland physiology (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
• abnormal sex gland morphology (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
• cryptorchism (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • testes located in the abdomen
• impaired ovarian folliculogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • though some follicles were observed in the early stages of antrum formation, most were arrested at the pre-antral phase
• small ovary (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • arrested development
• small seminal gland (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • arrested development
• small testis (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • arrested development
• growth/size phenotype
• decreased body weight (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • male specific decrease in body weight evident at 6 weeks of age, putatively due to testosterone deficiency
• skin/coat/nails phenotype
• thin skin (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
• nervous system phenotype
• *normal* nervous system phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • no abnormalities found
• abnormal pituitary gland physiology (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
• skeleton phenotype
• *normal* skeleton phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • no craniofacial abnormalities
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• decreased adrenocorticotropin level (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • reduced levels in the pituitary in both males and females
• decreased follicle stimulating hormone level (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • reduced levels in the pituitary in both males and females
• decreased circulating follicle stimulating hormone level (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • reduced levels in both males and females
• decreased luteinizing hormone level (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • reduced levels in the pituitary in both males and females
• decreased prolactin level (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • reduced levels in the pituitary in both males and females
• renal/urinary system phenotype
• small penis (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
• digestive/alimentary phenotype
• abnormal anogenital distance (MGI Ref ID J:5877)
  • males exhbited a reduced distance

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Gnrh1^hpg related

Endocrine Deficiency Research
Hypothalamus/Pituitary Defects

Reproductive Biology Research
Developmental Defects Affecting Gonads
Endocrine Deficiencies Affecting Gonads
Fertility Defects (males only)

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol		Gnrh1hpg
Allele Name		hypogonadal
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		gnrhhpg; hpg;
Strain of Origin		(C3H/HeH x 101/H)F1-Rb(1.3)1Bnr
Gene Symbol and Name		Gnrh1, gonadotropin releasing hormone 1
Chromosome		14
Gene Common Name(s)		GNRH; GRH; Gnrha; LHRH; LNRH; Rgnrhg1; hpg; hypogonadal;
Molecular Note		The mutation in the hypogonadal mouse is an approximately 33.5 kb deletion that removes two exons that encode most of the protein. [MGI Ref ID J:14505] [MGI Ref ID J:8515] [MGI Ref ID J:94662]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Gnrh1^hpg, STD PCR, vers. 2

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Selected Reference(s)

Cattanach BM; Iddon CA; Charlton HM; Chiappa SA; Fink G. 1977. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone deficiency in a mutant mouse with hypogonadism. Nature 269(5626):338-40. [PubMed: 198666]  [MGI Ref ID J:5877]

Mason AJ; Hayflick JS; Zoeller RT; Young WS 3d; Phillips HS; Nikolics K; Seeburg PH. 1986. A deletion truncating the gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene is responsible for hypogonadism in the hpg mouse. Science 234(4782):1366-71. [PubMed: 3024317]  [MGI Ref ID J:8515]

Additional References

Mason AJ; Pitts SL; Nikolics K; Szonyi E; Wilcox JN; Seeburg PH; Stewart TA. 1986. The hypogonadal mouse: reproductive functions restored by gene therapy. Science 234(4782):1372-8. [PubMed: 3097822]  [MGI Ref ID J:8516]

McDowell IF; Morris JF; Charlton HM. 1982. Characterization of the pituitary gonadotroph cells of hypogonadal (hpg) male mice: comparison with normal mice. J Endocrinol 95(3):321-30. [PubMed: 6816887]  [MGI Ref ID J:31061]

Singh J; O'Neill C; Handelsman DJ. 1995. Induction of spermatogenesis by androgens in gonadotropin-deficient (hpg) mice. Endocrinology 136(12):5311-21. [PubMed: 7588276]  [MGI Ref ID J:30490]

Waldstreicher J; Seminara SB; Jameson JL; Geyer A; Nachtigall LB; Boepple PA; Holmes LB; Crowley WF Jr. 1996. The genetic and clinical heterogeneity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in the human. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81(12):4388-95. [PubMed: 8954047]  [MGI Ref ID J:46873]

Williamson P; Lang J; Boyd Y. 1991. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gnrh) gene maps to mouse chromosome 14 and identifies a homologous region on human chromosome 8. Somat Cell Mol Genet 17(6):609-15. [PubMed: 1767338]  [MGI Ref ID J:2291]

Gnrh1^hpg related

Abel MH; Huhtaniemi I; Pakarinen P; Kumar TR; Charlton HM. 2003. Age-related uterine and ovarian hypertrophy in FSH receptor knockout and FSHbeta subunit knockout mice. Reproduction 125(2):165-73. [PubMed: 12578530]  [MGI Ref ID J:81519]

Abel MH; Wootton AN; Wilkins V; Huhtaniemi I; Knight PG; Charlton HM. 2000. The effect of a null mutation in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene on mouse reproduction. Endocrinology 141(5):1795-803. [PubMed: 10803590]  [MGI Ref ID J:61909]

Allan CM; Garcia A; Spaliviero J; Jimenez M. 2006. Maintenance of Spermatogenesis by the Activated Human (Asp567Gly) FSH Receptor During Testicular Regression Due to Hormonal Withdrawal. Biol Reprod 74(5):938-44. [PubMed: 16452461]  [MGI Ref ID J:107813]

Allan CM; Garcia A; Spaliviero J; Zhang FP; Jimenez M; Huhtaniemi I; Handelsman DJ. 2004. Complete Sertoli cell proliferation induced by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) independently of luteinizing hormone activity: evidence from genetic models of isolated FSH action. Endocrinology 145(4):1587-93. [PubMed: 14726449]  [MGI Ref ID J:105652]

Allan CM; Haywood M; Swaraj S; Spaliviero J; Koch A; Jimenez M; Poutanen M; Levallet J; Huhtaniemi I; Illingworth P; Handelsman DJ. 2001. A novel transgenic model to characterize the specific effects of follicle-stimulating hormone on gonadal physiology in the absence of luteinizing hormone actions. Endocrinology 142(6):2213-20. [PubMed: 11356665]  [MGI Ref ID J:129454]

Allan CM; Wang Y; Jimenez M; Marshan B; Spaliviero J; Illingworth P; Handelsman DJ. 2006. Follicle-stimulating hormone increases primordial follicle reserve in mature female hypogonadal mice. J Endocrinol 188(3):549-57. [PubMed: 16522734]  [MGI Ref ID J:106160]

Amador A; Parkening T; Beamer W; Bartke A; Collins TJ. 1984. Autoregulation of testicular luteinizing hormone receptors in hypogonadal (hpg/hpg) mice. Biochem Genet 22(5-6):395-401. [PubMed: 6087790]  [MGI Ref ID J:7532]

Baker PJ; Johnston H; Abel M; Charlton HM; O'Shaughnessy PJ. 2003. Differentiation of adult-type Leydig cells occurs in gonadotrophin-deficient mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 1:4. [PubMed: 12646077]  [MGI Ref ID J:102443]

Baker PJ; Sha JH; O'Shaughnessy PJ. 1997. Localisation and regulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 mRNA during development in the mouse testis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 133(2):127-33. [PubMed: 9406858]  [MGI Ref ID J:44106]

Balvers M; Spiess AN; Domagalski R; Hunt N; Kilic E; Mukhopadhyay AK; Hanks E; Charlton HM; Ivell R. 1998. Relaxin-like factor expression as a marker of differentiation in the mouse testis and ovary. Endocrinology 139(6):2960-70. [PubMed: 9607807]  [MGI Ref ID J:114270]

Bamber S; Iddon CA; Charlton HM; Ward BJ. 1980. Transplantation of the gonads of hypogonadal (hpg) mice. J Reprod Fertil 58(1):249-52. [PubMed: 7359482]  [MGI Ref ID J:6276]

Beamer WG; Shultz KL; Tennent BJ; Shultz LD. 1993. Granulosa cell tumorigenesis in genetically hypogonadal-immunodeficient mice grafted with ovaries from tumor-susceptible donors. Cancer Res 53(16):3741-6. [PubMed: 8339285]  [MGI Ref ID J:14443]

Beamer WG; Tennent BJ. 1986. Gonadotropin uptake in genetic and irradiation models of ovarian tumorigenesis. Biol Reprod 34(4):761-70. [PubMed: 3085740]  [MGI Ref ID J:48594]

Brix AE; Elgavish A; Nagy TR; Gower BA; Rhead WJ; Wood PA. 2002. Evaluation of liver fatty acid oxidation in the leptin-deficient obese mouse. Mol Genet Metab 75(3):219-26. [PubMed: 11914033]  [MGI Ref ID J:94662]

Brock JA; Handelsman DJ; Keast JR. 2007. Postnatal androgen deprivation dissociates the development of smooth muscle innervation from functional neurotransmission in mouse vas deferens. J Physiol 581(Pt 2):665-78. [PubMed: 17379637]  [MGI Ref ID J:140839]

Charlton HM; Speight A; Halpin DM; Bramwell A; Sheward WJ; Fink G. 1983. Prolactin measurements in normal and hypogonadal (hpg) mice: developmental and experimental studies. Endocrinology 113(2):545-8. [PubMed: 6409586]  [MGI Ref ID J:7130]

Chausiaux OE; Abel MH; Baxter FO; Khaled WT; Ellis PJ; Charlton HM; Affara NA. 2008. Hypogonadal mouse, a model to study the effects of the endogenous lack of gonadotropins on apoptosis. Biol Reprod 78(1):77-90. [PubMed: 17671269]  [MGI Ref ID J:130691]

Choi Y; Rajkovic A. 2006. Genetics of early mammalian folliculogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 63(5):579-90. [PubMed: 16416028]  [MGI Ref ID J:108336]

Couse JF; Yates MM; Rodriguez KF; Johnson JA; Poirier D; Korach KS. 2006. The intraovarian actions of estrogen receptor-alpha are necessary to repress the formation of morphological and functional Leydig-like cells in the female gonad. Endocrinology 147(8):3666-78. [PubMed: 16627580]  [MGI Ref ID J:111680]

Ebling FJ; Brooks AN; Cronin AS; Ford H; Kerr JB. 2000. Estrogenic induction of spermatogenesis in the hypogonadal mouse. Endocrinology 141(8):2861-9. [PubMed: 10919273]  [MGI Ref ID J:65481]

Fink G; Sheward WJ; Charlton HM. 1982. Priming effect of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in the hypogonadal mouse. J Endocrinol 94(2):283-7. [PubMed: 7050282]  [MGI Ref ID J:6840]

Gibson MJ; Krieger DT; Charlton HM; Zimmerman EA; Silverman AJ; Perlow MJ. 1984. Mating and pregnancy can occur in genetically hypogonadal mice with preoptic area brain grafts. Science 225(4665):949-51. [PubMed: 6382608]  [MGI Ref ID J:7574]

Gray SA; Mannan MA; O'Shaughnessy PJ. 1996. Development of cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase (P450c17) mRNA and enzyme activity in neonatal ovaries of normal and hypogonadal (hpg) mice. J Mol Endocrinol 17(1):55-60. [PubMed: 8863187]  [MGI Ref ID J:35585]

Gray SA; Mannan MA; O'Shaughnessy PJ. 1995. Development of cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA levels and enzyme activity in ovaries of normal and hypogonadal (hpg) mice. J Mol Endocrinol 14(3):295-301. [PubMed: 7669221]  [MGI Ref ID J:26907]

Hashizume K; Tsujii H; Rokutanda M. 1995. Effects of gonadotropin administration on follicular growth and in vitro fertilization in female hypogonadal mice. Exp Anim 44(3):241-4. [PubMed: 7556426]  [MGI Ref ID J:27759]

Haywood M; Spaliviero J; Jimemez M; King NJ; Handelsman DJ; Allan CM. 2003. Sertoli and germ cell development in hypogonadal (hpg) mice expressing transgenic follicle-stimulating hormone alone or in combination with testosterone. Endocrinology 144(2):509-17. [PubMed: 12538611]  [MGI Ref ID J:128189]

Haywood M; Tymchenko N; Spaliviero J; Koch A; Jimenez M; Gromoll J; Simoni M; Nordhoff V; Handelsman DJ; Allan CM. 2002. An activated human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor stimulates FSH-like activity in gonadotropin-deficient transgenic mice. Mol Endocrinol 16(11):2582-91. [PubMed: 12403847]  [MGI Ref ID J:79967]

Hirst RC; Abel MH; Wilkins V; Simpson C; Knight PG; Zhang FP; Huhtaniemi I; Kumar TR; Charlton HM. 2004. Influence of mutations affecting gonadotropin production or responsiveness on expression of inhibin subunit mRNA and protein in the mouse ovary. Reproduction 128(1):43-52. [PubMed: 15232063]  [MGI Ref ID J:91232]

Ishii T; Hasegawa T; Pai CI; Yvgi-Ohana N; Timberg R; Zhao L; Majdic G; Chung BC; Orly J; Parker KL. 2002. The roles of circulating high-density lipoproteins and trophic hormones in the phenotype of knockout mice lacking the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Mol Endocrinol 16(10):2297-309. [PubMed: 12351695]  [MGI Ref ID J:79229]

Jacobson JD; Ansari MA. 2004. Immunomodulatory actions of gonadal steroids may be mediated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology 145(1):330-6. [PubMed: 12959991]  [MGI Ref ID J:96361]

Johnston JD; Messager S; Ebling FJ; Williams LM; Barrett P; Hazlerigg DG. 2003. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone drives melatonin receptor down-regulation in the developing pituitary gland. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(5):2831-5. [PubMed: 12598657]  [MGI Ref ID J:82389]

Kananen K; Rilianawati; Paukku T; Markkula M; Rainio EM; Huhtanemi I. 1997. Suppression of gonadotropins inhibits gonadal tumorigenesis in mice transgenic for the mouse inhibin alpha-subunit promoter/simian virus 40 T-antigen fusion gene. Endocrinology 138(8):3521-31. [PubMed: 9231807]  [MGI Ref ID J:42412]

Katz D; Niederberger C; Slaughter GR; Cooney AJ. 1997. Characterization of germ cell-specific expression of the orphan nuclear receptor, germ cell nuclear factor. Endocrinology 138(10):4364-72. [PubMed: 9322952]  [MGI Ref ID J:43354]

Ketola I; Rahman N; Toppari J; Bielinska M; Porter-Tinge SB; Tapanainen JS; Huhtaniemi IT; Wilson DB; Heikinheimo M. 1999. Expression and regulation of transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 in developing mouse testis. Endocrinology 140(3):1470-80. [PubMed: 10067876]  [MGI Ref ID J:53779]

Kumar TR; Wang Y; Matzuk MM. 1996. Gonadotropins are essential modifier factors for gonadal tumor development in inhibin-deficient mice. Endocrinology 137(10):4210-6. [PubMed: 8828479]  [MGI Ref ID J:83261]

Lang J. 1991. Assay for deletion in Gnrh (hpg) locus using PCR Mouse Genome 89(4):857.  [MGI Ref ID J:1779]

Lindsey JS; Wilkinson MF. 1996. Pem: a testosterone- and LH-regulated homeobox gene expressed in mouse Sertoli cells and epididymis. Dev Biol 179(2):471-84. [PubMed: 8903361]  [MGI Ref ID J:36481]

Livne I; Gibson MJ; Silverman AJ. 1993. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypogonadal mouse elaborate normal projections despite their biosynthetic deficiency. Neurosci Lett 151(2):229-33. [PubMed: 8506085]  [MGI Ref ID J:22002]

Livne I; Silverman AJ; Gibson MJ. 1992. Reversal of reproductive deficiency in the hpg male mouse by neonatal androgenization. Biol Reprod 47(4):561-7. [PubMed: 1391342]  [MGI Ref ID J:2567]

Lubaroff DM; Cohen MB; Schultz LD; Beamer WG. 1995. Survival of human prostate carcinoma, benign hyperplastic prostate tissues, and IL-2-activated lymphocytes in scid mice. Prostate 27(1):32-41. [PubMed: 7541529]  [MGI Ref ID J:138840]

Mason AJ; Pitts SL; Nikolics K; Szonyi E; Wilcox JN; Seeburg PH; Stewart TA. 1986. The hypogonadal mouse: reproductive functions restored by gene therapy. Science 234(4782):1372-8. [PubMed: 3097822]  [MGI Ref ID J:8516]

McDowell IF; Morris JF; Charlton HM. 1982. Characterization of the pituitary gonadotroph cells of hypogonadal (hpg) male mice: comparison with normal mice. J Endocrinol 95(3):321-30. [PubMed: 6816887]  [MGI Ref ID J:31061]

McDowell IF; Morris JF; Charlton HM; Fink G. 1982. Effects of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on the gonadotrophs of hypogonadal (hpg) mice. J Endocrinol 95(3):331-40. [PubMed: 6816888]  [MGI Ref ID J:6922]

McQueen JK; Wilson H. 1994. The development of astrocytes immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein in the mediobasal hypothalamus of hypogonadal mice. Mol Cell Neurosci 5(6):623-31. [PubMed: 7704437]  [MGI Ref ID J:23067]

McQueen JK; Wright AK; Arbuthnott GW; Fink G. 1992. Astrocytes immunoreactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are increased in the mediobasal hypothalamus in hypogonadal (hpg) mice Mol Cell Neurosci 3(6):473-481.  [MGI Ref ID J:12216]

Myers M; Ebling FJ; Nwagwu M; Boulton R; Wadhwa K; Stewart J; Kerr JB. 2005. Atypical development of Sertoli cells and impairment of spermatogenesis in the hypogonadal (hpg) mouse. J Anat 207(6):797-811. [PubMed: 16367806]  [MGI Ref ID J:112827]

Nwagwu MO; Baines H; Kerr JB; Ebling FJ. 2005. Neonatal androgenization of hypogonadal (hpg) male mice does not abolish estradiol-induced FSH production and spermatogenesis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 3:48. [PubMed: 16176578]  [MGI Ref ID J:112760]

O'Shaughnessy PJ; Abel M; Charlton HM; Hu B; Johnston H; Baker PJ. 2007. Altered expression of genes involved in regulation of vitamin A metabolism, solute transportation, and cytoskeletal function in the androgen-insensitive tfm mouse testis. Endocrinology 148(6):2914-24. [PubMed: 17332066]  [MGI Ref ID J:129602]

O'Shaughnessy PJ; Baker P; Sohnius U; Haavisto AM; Charlton HM; Huhtaniemi I. 1998. Fetal development of Leydig cell activity in the mouse is independent of pituitary gonadotroph function. Endocrinology 139(3):1141-6. [PubMed: 9492048]  [MGI Ref ID J:46691]

O'Shaughnessy PJ; Bennett MK; Scott IS; Charlton HM. 1992. Effects of FSH on Leydig cell morphology and function in the hypogonadal mouse. J Endocrinol 135(3):517-25. [PubMed: 1487704]  [MGI Ref ID J:3387]

O'Shaughnessy PJ; Dudley K. 1993. Discrete splicing alternatives in mRNA encoding the extracellular domain of the testis FSH receptor in the normal and hypogonadal (hpg) mouse. J Mol Endocrinol 10(3):363-6. [PubMed: 8373519]  [MGI Ref ID J:14505]

O'Shaughnessy PJ; Gray SA. 1995. Gonadotropin-dependent and gonadotropin-independent development of inhibin subunit messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the mouse ovary. Endocrinology 136(5):2060-5. [PubMed: 7720655]  [MGI Ref ID J:24980]

O'Shaughnessy PJ; Mannan MA. 1994. Development of cytochrome P-450 side chain cleavage mRNA levels in neonatal ovaries of normal and hypogonadal (hpg) mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 104(2):133-8. [PubMed: 7527351]  [MGI Ref ID J:19961]

O'Shaughnessy PJ; Marsh P; Dudley K. 1994. Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor mRNA in the mouse ovary during post-natal development in the normal mouse and in the adult hypogonadal (hpg) mouse: structure of alternate transcripts. Mol Cell Endocrinol 101(1-2):197-201. [PubMed: 9397953]  [MGI Ref ID J:18025]

O'Shaughnessy PJ; McLelland D; McBride MW. 1997. Regulation of luteinizing hormone-receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone-receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels during development in the neonatal mouse ovary. Biol Reprod 57(3):602-8. [PubMed: 9282997]  [MGI Ref ID J:42714]

Propst F; Rosenberg MP; Oskarsson MK; Russell LB; Nguyen-Huu MC; Nadeau J; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG; Vande Woude GF. 1988. Genetic analysis and developmental regulation of testis-specific RNA expression of Mos, Abl, actin and Hox-1.4. Oncogene 2(3):227-33. [PubMed: 2895445]  [MGI Ref ID J:9103]

Rilianawati; Paukku T; Kero J; Zhang FP; Rahman N; Kananen K; Huhtaniemi I. 1998. Direct luteinizing hormone action triggers adrenocortical tumorigenesis in castrated mice transgenic for the murine inhibin alpha-subunit promoter/simian virus 40 T-antigen fusion gene. Mol Endocrinol 12(6):801-9. [PubMed: 9626655]  [MGI Ref ID J:80664]

Scott IS; Bennett MK; Porter-Goff AE; Harrison CJ; Cox BS; Grocock CA; O'Shaughnessy PJ; Clayton RN; Craven R; Furr BJA; Charlton HM.. 1992. Effects of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist 'Zoladex' upon pituitary and gonadal function in hypogonadal (hpg) male mice: a comparison with normal male and testicular feminized (tfm) mice. J Mol Endocrinol 8(3):249-58. [PubMed: 1385960]  [MGI Ref ID J:3443]

Seong JY; Kim BW; Park S; Son GH; Kim K. 2001. First intron excision of gnrh pre-mrna during postnatal development of normal mice and adult hypogonadal mice. Endocrinology 142(10):4454-61. [PubMed: 11564710]  [MGI Ref ID J:71797]

Silverman AJ; Roberts JL; Dong KW; Miller GM; Gibson MJ. 1992. Intrahypothalamic injection of a cell line secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone results in cellular differentiation and reversal of hypogonadism in mutant mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89(22):10668-72. [PubMed: 1438263]  [MGI Ref ID J:3408]

Sims NA; Brennan K; Spaliviero J; Handelsman DJ; Seibel MJ. 2006. Perinatal testosterone surge is required for normal adult bone size but not for normal bone remodeling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290(3):E456-62. [PubMed: 16204337]  [MGI Ref ID J:106053]

Singh J; Handelsman DJ. 1996. Neonatal administration of FSH increases Sertoli cell numbers and spermatogenesis in gonadotropin-deficient (hpg) mice. J Endocrinol 151(1):37-48. [PubMed: 8943767]  [MGI Ref ID J:36278]

Singh J; Manickam P; Shmoish M; Natik S; Denyer G; Handelsman D; Gong DW; Dong Q. 2006. Annotation of androgen dependence to human prostate cancer-associated genes by microarray analysis of mouse prostate. Cancer Lett 237(2):298-304. [PubMed: 16024171]  [MGI Ref ID J:110182]

Singh J; O'Neill C; Handelsman DJ. 1995. Induction of spermatogenesis by androgens in gonadotropin-deficient (hpg) mice. Endocrinology 136(12):5311-21. [PubMed: 7588276]  [MGI Ref ID J:30490]

Singh J; Young L; Handelsman DJ; Dong Q. 2005. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel androgen repressible gene expressed in the prostate epithelium. Gene 348:55-63. [PubMed: 15777716]  [MGI Ref ID J:97617]

Singh J; Young L; Handelsman DJ; Dong Q. 2002. Prostate epithelial expression of a novel androgen target gene. J Androl 23(5):652-60. [PubMed: 12185099]  [MGI Ref ID J:105922]

Smithson G; Beamer WG; Shultz KL; Christianson SW; Shultz LD; Kincade PW. 1994. Increased B lymphopoiesis in genetically sex steroid-deficient hypogonadal (hpg) mice. J Exp Med 180(2):717-20. [PubMed: 8046347]  [MGI Ref ID J:19436]

Tennent BJ; Beamer WG. 1986. Ovarian tumors not induced by irradiation and gonadotropins in hypogonadal (hpg) mice. Biol Reprod 34(4):751-60. [PubMed: 3708055]  [MGI Ref ID J:48591]

Tiong J; Locastro T; Wray S. 2007. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) is involved in tooth maturation and biomineralization. Dev Dyn 236(11):2980-92. [PubMed: 17948256]  [MGI Ref ID J:125764]

Wang Y; Newton H; Spaliviero JA; Allan CM; Marshan B; Handelsman DJ; Illingworth PJ. 2005. Gonadotropin control of inhibin secretion and the relationship to follicle type and number in the hpg mouse. Biol Reprod 73(4):610-8. [PubMed: 15917350]  [MGI Ref ID J:115436]

Wu TJ; Silverman AJ; Gibson MJ. 1996. FOS expression in grafted gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in hypogonadal mouse: mating and steroid induction. J Neurobiol 31(1):67-76. [PubMed: 9120437]  [MGI Ref ID J:40109]

Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Room Number           FGB27

Colony Maintenance

Mating System	Heterozygote x Heterozygote         (Female x Male)
Diet Information	LabDiet® 5K52/5K67

Purchasing information

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions

Pricing

Supply Details

Standard Supply	Repository-Live. A collection of over 1000 strains maintained as live colonies. Individual colonies are sized to meet current customer demand. Delivery for orders of 10 mice or less ranges on average from one to eight weeks; mice are generally shipped between four to six weeks of age with a maximum shipping age of ~nine weeks. Colony sizes do not generally support stringent age specifications for large volumes of mice; however custom orders and larger quantities of mice are easily arranged. Estimated ship dates for all orders provided within 48 hours of order placement.
Supply Notes	Usually shipped between four and eight weeks of age. This strain is included in the Mouse Mutant Resource collection. Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.
Important Note	This strain is segregating for Gnrh1hpg.

Control Information

	Control
	Heterozygote from the colony
	Wild-type from the colony
Considerations for Choosing Controls
USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.

General Terms and Conditions

See Terms of Use

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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Ordering and Purchasing Information

      Purchasing Information
      JAX^® Mice Orders
      Surgical Services

Contact Information
Orders & Technical Support
Tel: 800.422.6423 or 207.288.5845
Fax: 207.288.6150
Technical Support Email Form

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

General Terms and Conditions

Contact information

General inquiries

Contracts Administration

phone:	207-288-6470
fax:	207-288-6655

JAX^® Mice & Services Conditions of Use

“Each recipient institution, including its employees and other researchers under its control (RECIPIENT), of mice or services using mice from The Jackson Laboratory (TJL) agrees that such mice, descendants of those mice derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, including unmodified derivatives of those mice or their descendants (“MICE”) shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research of the RECIPIENT, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services with respect to MICE. Acceptance of MICE from TJL shall be deemed agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires The Jackson Laboratory’s prior written authorization.”

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of MICE, products or services, The Jackson Laboratory will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the MICE or product received or the services provided.

No Liability

In no event shall The Jackson Laboratory, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, products or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of The Jackson Laboratory, its agents or employees. In purchasing or receiving MICE, products or services from The Jackson Laboratory, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges The Jackson Laboratory from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify The Jackson Laboratory from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE and biological materials are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to The Jackson Laboratory’s MICE, products and services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, products and services may be set forth separately in The Jackson Laboratory web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, products and services by The Jackson Laboratory, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, products or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on The Jackson Laboratory, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, products services by The Jackson Laboratory.