Description

Strain Information

Former Names STOCK p/p Prop1df/J    (Changed: 11-FEB-08 ) Type Mutant Stock; Spontaneous Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Mating System Progeny Tested         (Female x Male)   01-MAR-06 TJL Breeding Scheme: progeny test then heterozygote x heterozygote TJL Breeding Summary: +/? x +/? progeny test then heterozygote x heterozygote. Species laboratory mouse Generation F56 (11-NOV-08)

Appearance
pink-eyed fawn, small body size
Related Genotype: Oca2^p/Oca2^p Prop1^df/Prop1^df

pink-eyed fawn, normal size
Related Genotype: Oca2^p/Oca2^p Prop1^df/+ or Oca2^p/Oca2^p +/?

Description
Mice homozygous for the Ames dwarf spontaneous mutation (Prop1^df) resemble mice homozygous for the Snell's dwarf mutation (Pit1^dw). Homozygous Ames dwarf mutant mice show growth retardation after the first postnatal week, and weight at 2 months is only about one-half normal. Females and most males are sterile. There is no detectable growth hormone or prolactin. Ames dwarf mice have a secondary immune deficiency presumably resulting from the lack of growth hormone.

Control Information

	Control
	Untyped from the colony
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Oca2^p allele

000004	ABP/LeJ
000577	B6 x STOCK a Oca2p Hps5ru2 Ednrbs/J
001059	B6By.Cg-Oca2p/J
000619	FS/EiJ
000306	STOCK Dll3pu + Tyrc-ch/+ Oca2p Tyrc-ch/J

View Strains carrying   Oca2^p     (5 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Oca2

000090	129S1/Sv-Oca2+ Tyr+ KitlSl-J/J
000091	129T1/Sv-Oca2+ Tyrc-ch Dnd1Ter/J
001279	129T1/Sv-Oca2+ Tyrc-ch-Aft/J
000822	B6 x 129S1/SvEi Oca2+ Tyr+-Vsx2or-J/J
002460	C3H/HeJ-Oca2p-J Is(7;1)40H/J
000513	C3H/HeJ-Oca2p-J/J
001136	C57BL/6J-Oca2p-un+2J/J
001506	C57BL/6J-Oca2p-un+3J/J
001810	C57BL/6J-Oca2p-un+4J/J
001513	C57BL/6J-Oca2p-un+5J/J
001499	C57BL/6J-Oca2p-un+6J/J
001033	C57BL/6J-Oca2p-un+J/J
000028	C57BL/6J-Oca2p-un/J
000494	J.Cg-Oca2+ Tyr+ Lystbg/J
001584	STOCK Oca2p-J/Oca2p-bs/J
001585	STOCK Oca2p-d/Oca2p-25H/J
000823	STOCK Oca2p-d/Oca2p-6H/J
001747	STOCK Oca2p-d/Oca2p-cp/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Oca2     (18 strains)

Additional Web Information

JAX^® NOTES, Fall 2001; 483. Extended Life Span in Mice with Dwarfing Mutations.

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Pituitary Hormone Deficiency, Combined, 2; CPHD2 - Models with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs.1

1 Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of those genes appear in the mouse genotype(s).

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms

      assigned by genotype

Prop1^df/Prop1^df

        STOCK Prop1^df

• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• *normal* endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
  • testes nearly normal
• absent corpus luteum (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
• absent ovarian follicles (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
  • large follicles absent
• absent somatotrophs (MGI Ref ID J:7211)
  • pituitary gland lacked identifiable somatotropes
• decreased thyrotroph cell number (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
  • reduced numbers of thyrotropic hormone producing cells
• small adenohypophysis (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
  • anterior pituitary reduced in size
• small ovary (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
• small thyroid gland (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
  • follicles were small and some tissue was not organized into follicles
• growth/size phenotype
• proportional dwarf (MGI Ref ID J:36967)
  • daily i.p. injections of bovine growth hormone for ~ 6 weeks produced animals of nearly normal size
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• decreased circulating growth hormone level (MGI Ref ID J:6340)
  • deficient
• decreased circulating prolactin level (MGI Ref ID J:5900)
  • deficient
• decreased circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone level (MGI Ref ID J:6340)
  • deficient
• decreased follicle stimulating hormone level (MGI Ref ID J:5900)
  • males, in the pituitary
• decreased circulating follicle stimulating hormone level (MGI Ref ID J:5900)
  • males
  • treatment with ovine prolactin or prolactin producing grafts, resulted in increased FSH levels
• decreased luteinizing hormone level (MGI Ref ID J:5900)
  • males, in the pituitary
• reproductive system phenotype
• absent corpus luteum (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
• absent ovarian follicles (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
  • large follicles absent
• female infertility (MGI Ref ID J:36967)
  • still infertile after treatment with bovine growth hormone
• male infertility (MGI Ref ID J:36967)
  • became fertile after treatment with bovine growth hormone
• small ovary (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
• nervous system phenotype
• absent somatotrophs (MGI Ref ID J:7211)
  • pituitary gland lacked identifiable somatotropes
• decreased thyrotroph cell number (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
  • reduced numbers of thyrotropic hormone producing cells
• small adenohypophysis (MGI Ref ID J:12169)
  • anterior pituitary reduced in size

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Prop1^df/Prop1^df

        involves: C57BL/6J

• life span-post-weaning/aging
• premature death (MGI Ref ID J:94409)
  • a fraction of pups with a higher contribution of the C57BL/6J background display lethargy and die precipitously between weaning and adulthood
• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• *normal* endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:94409)
  • mutants crossed onto the C57BL/6J background have normal levels of gonadotropes

Prop1^df/Prop1^df

        DF

• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• abnormal pituitary gland morphology (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
  • dysmorphic pituitary at birth when the pituitary is still normal size, and at 11 days of age when the pituitary is hypomorphic
• abnormal pituitary gland development (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
• pituitary gland hypoplasia (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
  • evident by 11 days of age
• nervous system phenotype
• abnormal pituitary gland morphology (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
  • dysmorphic pituitary at birth when the pituitary is still normal size, and at 11 days of age when the pituitary is hypomorphic
• abnormal pituitary gland development (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
• pituitary gland hypoplasia (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
  • evident by 11 days of age
• growth/size phenotype
• decreased body size (MGI Ref ID J:108961)
  • although homozygotes are the same size as control littermates at birth, they begin to be smaller at 2 weeks of age, are noticably smaller by 3 weeks of age, and are only one third to one quarter the size of normal littermates as adults

Prop1^df/Prop1^df

        Background Not Specified

• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• abnormal enzyme/coenzyme activity (MGI Ref ID J:84401)
  • homozygotes have altered activity in several liver enzymes involved in methionine cycling and transsulfuration, including a 205% increase in methionine adenosyltransferase activity, a 91% increase in glycine-N-transferase activity, a 50% increase in cystathionine synthase activity, and an 83% increase in cystationase activity

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Oca2^p related

Dermatology Research
Color and White Spotting Defects

Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
albinism, oculocutaneous type II, OCA2

Neurobiology Research
Angelman syndrome

Prop1^df related

Developmental Biology Research
Growth Defects

Endocrine Deficiency Research
Hypothalamus/Pituitary Defects

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Immunodeficiency Associated with Other Defects

Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
pituitary hormone deficiency

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol		Oca2p
Allele Name		pink-eyed dilution
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		p;
Strain of Origin		Asiatic fancy mice
Gene Symbol and Name		Oca2, oculocutaneous albinism II
Chromosome		7
Gene Common Name(s)		BEY; BEY1; BEY2; BOCA; D15S12; D7H15S12; D7Icr28RN; D7Nic1; DNA segment, Chr 7, Institute for Cancer Research 28RN; DNA segment, Chr 7, Nicholls 1; DNA segment, Chr 7, human D15S12; EYCL; EYCL2; EYCL3; HCL3; P; PED; SHEP1; p; pink-eyed dilution;
General Note		p is a very old mutation carried in many varieties of fancy mice (J:12958). It has been suggested that the original mutation occurred in Japanese wild mice, Mus musculus molossinus (J:19782). Homozygotes have pink eyes with pigmentation very much reduced but not completely absent in both the retina and choroid. The black pigment of the hair is very much diluted, but the yellow pigment is only slightly affected. Pigment granules are irregular and shred-like in shape. The small amount of pigment they contain is of wild-type color (J:12970, J:12958). The fine structure of the pigment granules was said by Moyer (J:5001) to be disrupted, but Hearing et al. (J:5346) found the structure to be normal, with premature termination of the melanization process. In tissue culture of the eye, the amount of pigment formed can be increased by increasing the concentration of tyrosine. This suggests that p may block the melanin-synthesizing pathway by interference with tyrosine supply (J:12726). The site of gene action is in the melanocytes and not in either the dermis or the epidermis (J:7988). A presumed p gene has been cloned (J:2206). It was isolated from mouse melanoma and melanocyte libraries and is missing or altered in six independent p mutant alleles (J:2206). By sequence comparison, the human P locus, deletions of which are associated with hypopigmentation, is orthologous to p (J:2206). P maps to Chr 15q, near the Prader--Willi syndrome locus. On the basis of this location, the p mutation has been proposed to provide a mouse model for Prader--Willi syndrome, for Angelman syndrome, for one form of hypomelanosis of Ito (J:3253), and for type II oculocutaneous albinism (J:3600). A small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle gene Snrpn maps near p and its human ortholog in the homologous Prader--Willi region of human Chromosome 15 (J:3623). Snrpn appears to be a better candidate for the Prader-Willi syndrome ortholog. P is deleted in human type II oculocutaneous albinism, making p a model for this disease (J:3600).
Allele Symbol		Prop1df
Allele Name		Ames dwarf
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		DW; Prop1-; df;
Strain of Origin		Goodale large mice x pink-eyed stock
Gene Symbol and Name		Prop1, paired like homeodomain factor 1
Chromosome		11
Gene Common Name(s)		Ames dwarf; CPHD2; Prop-1; df; prophet of Pit-1; prophet of Pit1;
General Note		The Ames dwarf mutation arose spontaneously in descendants of a cross of the Goodale large mouse stock to a pink-eyed stock.
Molecular Note		A T-to-C transition results in a serine to proline substitution within the alpha1 helix of the homeodomain (amino acid 83). [MGI Ref ID J:36967]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Prop1^df, Pyrosequencing

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References

Additional References

Andersen B; Pearse RV 2nd; Jenne K; Sornson M; Lin SC; Bartke A; Rosenfeld MG. 1995. The Ames dwarf gene is required for Pit-1 gene activation. Dev Biol 172(2):495-503. [PubMed: 8612966]  [MGI Ref ID J:30290]

Gage PJ; Brinkmeier ML; Scarlett LM; Knapp LT; Camper SA; Mahon KA. 1996. The Ames dwarf gene, df, is required early in pituitary ontogeny for the extinction of Rpx transcription and initiation of lineage-specific cell proliferation. Mol Endocrinol 10(12):1570-81. [PubMed: 8961267]  [MGI Ref ID J:37083]

Gage PJ; Roller ML; Saunders TL; Scarlett LM; Camper SA. 1996. Anterior pituitary cells defective in the cell-autonomous factor, df, undergo cell lineage specification but not expansion. Development 122(1):151-60. [PubMed: 8565826]  [MGI Ref ID J:30875]

Uthus EO; Brown-Borg HM. 2003. Altered methionine metabolism in long living Ames dwarf mice. Exp Gerontol 38(5):491-8. [PubMed: 12742526]  [MGI Ref ID J:84401]

Oca2^p related

Brilliant MH; Ching A; Nakatsu Y; Eicher EM. 1994. The original pink-eyed dilution mutation (p) arose in Asiatic mice: implications for the H4 minor histocompatibility antigen, Myod1 regulation and the origin of inbred strains. Genetics 138(1):203-11. [PubMed: 8001787]  [MGI Ref ID J:19782]

Cook MN; Dunning JP; Wiley RG; Chesler EJ; Johnson DK; Miller DR; Goldowitz D. 2007. Neurobehavioral mutants identified in an ENU-mutagenesis project. Mamm Genome 18(8):559-72. [PubMed: 17629744]  [MGI Ref ID J:125716]

Feldman HW. 1924. Linkage of Albino Allelomorphs in Rats and Mice. Genetics 9(5):487-92. [PubMed: 17246054]  [MGI Ref ID J:93]

Gardner JM; Nakatsu Y; Gondo Y; Lee S; Lyon MF; King RA; Brilliant MH. 1992. The mouse pink-eyed dilution gene: association with human Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. Science 257(5073):1121-4. [PubMed: 1509264]  [MGI Ref ID J:2206]

Gruneberg H. 1952. . In: The Genetics of the Mouse. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.  [MGI Ref ID J:30758]

Haldane JBS; Sprunt AD; Haldane NM. 1915. Reduplication in mice J Genet 5:133-135.  [MGI Ref ID J:100]

Hearing VJ; Phillips P; Lutzner MA. 1973. The fine structure of melanogenesis in coat color mutants of the mouse. J Ultrastruct Res 43(1):88-106. [PubMed: 4634048]  [MGI Ref ID J:5346]

Lyon MF. 1963. Attempts to test the inactive-X theory of dosage compensation in mammals Genet Res 4:93-103.  [MGI Ref ID J:272]

Lyon MF; King TR; Gondo Y; Gardner JM; Nakatsu Y; Eicher EM; Brilliant MH. 1992. Genetic and molecular analysis of recessive alleles at the pink-eyed dilution (p) locus of the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89(15):6968-72. [PubMed: 1495987]  [MGI Ref ID J:2108]

Markert CL; Silvers WK. 1956. The Effects of Genotype and Cell Environment on Melanoblast Differentiation in the House Mouse. Genetics 41(3):429-50. [PubMed: 17247639]  [MGI Ref ID J:12970]

Moore KJ; Swing DA; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA. 1990. Interaction of the murine dilute suppressor gene (dsu) with fourteen coat color mutations [published erratum appears in Genetics 1990 Sep;126(1):285] Genetics 125(2):421-30. [PubMed: 2379821]  [MGI Ref ID J:29467]

Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI). 2005. Information obtained from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Mutant Mouse Database (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (http://bio.lsd.ornl.gov/mouse/) :.  [MGI Ref ID J:100221]

Moyer FH. 1966. Genetic variations in the fine structure and ontogeny of mouse melanin granules. Am Zool 6(1):43-66. [PubMed: 5902512]  [MGI Ref ID J:5001]

PIERRO LJ; CHASE HB. 1963. Slate--a new coat color mutant in the mouse. J Hered 54:47-50. [PubMed: 13943454]  [MGI Ref ID J:25388]

Pierro LJ; Chase HB. 1965. Temporary hair loss associated with the slate mutation of coat colour in the mouse Nature 205:579-580.  [MGI Ref ID J:83269]

Quevedo WC Jr.; Chase HB. 1958. An analysis of the light mutation of coat color in mice. J Morphol 102:329-345.  [MGI Ref ID J:13094]

RUSSELL ES. 1949. A quantitative histological study of the pigment found in the coat-color mutants of the house mouse; interdependence among the variable granule attributes. Genetics 34(2):133-45. [PubMed: 18117146]  [MGI Ref ID J:148461]

Rinchik EM; Bultman SJ; Horsthemke B; Lee ST; Strunk KM; Spritz RA; Avidano KM; Jong MT; Nicholls RD. 1993. A gene for the mouse pink-eyed dilution locus and for human type II oculocutaneous albinism. Nature 361(6407):72-6. [PubMed: 8421497]  [MGI Ref ID J:3600]

Russell ES. 1948. A Quantitative Histological Study of the Pigment Found in the Coat Color Mutants of the House Mouse. II. Estimates of the Total Volume of Pigment. Genetics 33(3):228-36. [PubMed: 17247280]  [MGI Ref ID J:148462]

Russell ES. 1946. A Quantitative Histological Study of the Pigment Found in the Coat-Color Mutants of the House Mouse. I. Variable Attributes of the Pigment Granules. Genetics 31(3):327-46. [PubMed: 17247200]  [MGI Ref ID J:148463]

Russell ES. 1949. A Quantitative Histological Study of the Pigment Found in the Coat-Color Mutants of the House Mouse. IV. the Nature of the Effects of Genic Substitution in Five Major Allelic Series. Genetics 34(2):146-66. [PubMed: 17247308]  [MGI Ref ID J:12958]

Russell LB; Montgomery CS; Cacheiro NL; Johnson DK. 1995. Complementation analyses for 45 mutations encompassing the pink-eyed dilution (p) locus of the mouse. Genetics 141(4):1547-62. [PubMed: 8601493]  [MGI Ref ID J:29903]

Silvers WK. 1979. The Coat Colors of Mice; A Model for Mammalian Gene Action and Interaction. In: The Coat Colors of Mice. Springer-Verlag, New York.  [MGI Ref ID J:78801]

Wakamatsu K; Hirobe T; Ito S. 2007. High levels of melanin-related metabolites in plasma from pink-eyed dilution mice. Pigment Cell Res 20(3):222-4. [PubMed: 17516930]  [MGI Ref ID J:148667]

Prop1^df related

Alderman JM; Flurkey K; Brooks NL; Naik SB; Gutierrez JM; Srinivas U; Ziara KB; Jing L; Boysen G; Bronson R; Klebanov S; Chen X; Swenberg JA; Stridsberg M; Parker CE; Harrison DE; Combs TP. 2009. Neuroendocrine inhibition of glucose production and resistance to cancer in dwarf mice. Exp Gerontol 44(1-2):26-33. [PubMed: 18582556]  [MGI Ref ID J:146699]

Amador-Noguez D; Zimmerman J; Venable S; Darlington G. 2005. Gender-specific alterations in gene expression and loss of liver sexual dimorphism in the long-lived Ames dwarf mice. (Correction to gene names in Table 4 appears in BBRC 2005;334:733-35) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 332(4):1086-100. [PubMed: 15925325]  [MGI Ref ID J:99117]

Andersen B; Pearse RV 2nd; Jenne K; Sornson M; Lin SC; Bartke A; Rosenfeld MG. 1995. The Ames dwarf gene is required for Pit-1 gene activation. Dev Biol 172(2):495-503. [PubMed: 8612966]  [MGI Ref ID J:30290]

Argentino DP; Dominici FP; Munoz MC; Al-Regaiey K; Bartke A; Turyn D. 2005. Effects of long-term caloric restriction on glucose homeostasis and on the first steps of the insulin signaling system in skeletal muscle of normal and Ames dwarf (Prop1df/Prop1df) mice. Exp Gerontol 40(1-2):27-35. [PubMed: 15664729]  [MGI Ref ID J:104807]

BARTKE A. 1964. HISTOLOGY OF THE ANTERIOR HYPOPHYSIS, THYROID AND GONADS OF TWO TYPES OF DWARF MICE. Anat Rec 149:225-35. [PubMed: 14173795]  [MGI Ref ID J:12169]

Barger JL; Walford RL; Weindruch R. 2003. The retardation of aging by caloric restriction: its significance in the transgenic era. Exp Gerontol 38(11-12):1343-51. [PubMed: 14698815]  [MGI Ref ID J:87701]

Barkley MS; Bartke A; Gross DS; Sinha YN. 1982. Prolactin status of hereditary dwarf mice. Endocrinology 110(6):2088-96. [PubMed: 7075549]  [MGI Ref ID J:6754]

Bartke A. 1968. The response of dwarf mice to murine thyroid-stimulating hormone. Gen Comp Endocrinol 11(1):246-7. [PubMed: 5674697]  [MGI Ref ID J:5085]

Bartke A; Brown-Borg H; Mattison J; Kinney B; Hauck S; Wright C. 2001. Prolonged longevity of hypopituitary dwarf mice. Exp Gerontol 36(1):21-8. [PubMed: 11162909]  [MGI Ref ID J:66980]

Bartke A; Goldman BD; Bex F; Dalterio S. 1977. Effects of prolactin (PRL) on pituitary and testicular function in mice with hereditary PRL deficiency. Endocrinology 101(6):1760-6. [PubMed: 590190]  [MGI Ref ID J:5900]

Bartke A; Peluso MR; Moretz N; Wright C; Bonkowski M; Winters TA; Shanahan MF; Kopchick JJ; Banz WJ. 2004. Effects of Soy-derived diets on plasma and liver lipids, glucose tolerance, and longevity in normal, long-lived and short-lived mice. Horm Metab Res 36(8):550-8. [PubMed: 15326565]  [MGI Ref ID J:120554]

Bartke A; Wright JC; Mattison JA; Ingram DK; Miller RA; Roth GS. 2001. Extending the lifespan of long-lived mice. Nature 414(6862):412. [PubMed: 11719795]  [MGI Ref ID J:110761]

Borg KE; Brown-Borg HM; Bartke A. 1995. Assessment of the primary adrenal cortical and pancreatic hormone basal levels in relation to plasma glucose and age in the unstressed Ames dwarf mouse. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 210(2):126-33. [PubMed: 7568282]  [MGI Ref ID J:29338]

Brinkmeier ML; Potok MA; Cha KB; Gridley T; Stifani S; Meeldijk J; Clevers H; Camper SA. 2003. TCF and Groucho-related genes influence pituitary growth and development. Mol Endocrinol 17(11):2152-61. [PubMed: 12907761]  [MGI Ref ID J:86317]

Brown-Borg HM; Borg KE; Meliska CJ; Bartke A. 1996. Dwarf mice and the ageing process [letter] Nature 384(6604):33. [PubMed: 8900272]  [MGI Ref ID J:40693]

Brown-Borg HM; Rakoczy SG. 2000. Catalase expression in delayed and premature aging mouse models* Exp Gerontol 35(2):199-212. [PubMed: 10767579]  [MGI Ref ID J:61709]

Brown-Borg HM; Rakoczy SG. 2005. Glutathione metabolism in long-living Ames dwarf mice. Exp Gerontol 40(1-2):115-20. [PubMed: 15664737]  [MGI Ref ID J:104900]

Brown-Borg HM; Rakoczy SG; Uthus EO. 2005. Growth hormone alters methionine and glutathione metabolism in Ames dwarf mice. Mech Ageing Dev 126(3):389-98. [PubMed: 15664625]  [MGI Ref ID J:96245]

Chandrashekar V; Bartke A. 1993. Induction of endogenous insulin-like growth factor-I secretion alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in growth hormone-deficient adult dwarf mice. Biol Reprod 48(3):544-51. [PubMed: 8452930]  [MGI Ref ID J:3977]

Chandrashekar V; Bartke A. 1996. Influence of hypothalamus and ovary on pituitary function in transgenic mice expressing the bovine growth hormone gene and in growth hormone-deficient Ames dwarf mice. Biol Reprod 54(5):1002-8. [PubMed: 8722619]  [MGI Ref ID J:33336]

Cheng TC; Beamer WG; Phillips JA 3d; Bartke A; Mallonee RL; Dowling C. 1983. Etiology of growth hormone deficiency in little, Ames, and Snell dwarf mice. Endocrinology 113(5):1669-78. [PubMed: 6194978]  [MGI Ref ID J:7211]

Choksi KB; Roberts LJ nd; DeFord JH; Rabek JP; Papaconstantinou J. 2007. Lower levels of F2-isoprostanes in serum and livers of long-lived Ames dwarf mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 364(4):761-4. [PubMed: 17964285]  [MGI Ref ID J:128438]

Csiszar A; Labinskyy N; Perez V; Recchia FA; Podlutsky A; Mukhopadhyay P; Losonczy G; Pacher P; Austad SN; Bartke A; Ungvari Z. 2008. Endothelial function and vascular oxidative stress in long-lived GH/IGF-deficient Ames dwarf mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295(5):H1882-94. [PubMed: 18757483]  [MGI Ref ID J:142450]

Dasen JS; Barbera JP; Herman TS; Connell SO; Olson L; Ju B; Tollkuhn J; Baek SH; Rose DW; Rosenfeld MG. 2001. Temporal regulation of a paired-like homeodomain repressor/TLE corepressor complex and a related activator is required for pituitary organogenesis. Genes Dev 15(23):3193-207. [PubMed: 11731482]  [MGI Ref ID J:73085]

Dhahbi J; Li X; Tran T; Masternak MM; Bartke A. 2007. Circulating blood leukocyte gene expression profiles: effects of the Ames dwarf mutation on pathways related to immunity and inflammation. Exp Gerontol 42(8):772-88. [PubMed: 17611063]  [MGI Ref ID J:126571]

Dominici FP; Argentino DP; Bartke A; Turyn D. 2003. The dwarf mutation decreases high dose insulin responses in skeletal muscle, the opposite of effects in liver. Mech Ageing Dev 124(7):819-27. [PubMed: 12875745]  [MGI Ref ID J:84662]

Dominici FP; Hauck S; Argentino DP; Bartke A; Turyn D. 2002. Increased insulin sensitivity and upregulation of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2 in liver of Ames dwarf mice. J Endocrinol 173(1):81-94. [PubMed: 11927387]  [MGI Ref ID J:109705]

Dozmorov I; Bartke A; Miller RA. 2001. Array-based expression analysis of mouse liver genes: effect of age and of the longevity mutant Prop1df. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 56(2):B72-80. [PubMed: 11213270]  [MGI Ref ID J:106525]

Duquesnoy RJ; Pedersen GM. 1981. Immunologic and hematologic deficiencies of the ypopituitary dwarf mouse. In: Immunologic Defects in Laboratory Animals. Plenum Press, New York, New York.  [MGI Ref ID J:19990]

Ebadi M; Brown-Borg H; El Refaey H; Singh BB; Garrett S; Shavali S; Sharma SK. 2005. Metallothionein-mediated neuroprotection in genetically engineered mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 134(1):67-75. [PubMed: 15790531]  [MGI Ref ID J:97105]

Ellsworth BS; Egashira N; Haller JL; Butts DL; Cocquet J; Clay CM; Osamura RY; Camper SA. 2006. FOXL2 in the pituitary: molecular, genetic, and developmental analysis. Mol Endocrinol 20(11):2796-805. [PubMed: 16840539]  [MGI Ref ID J:114716]

Gage PJ; Brinkmeier ML; Scarlett LM; Knapp LT; Camper SA; Mahon KA. 1996. The Ames dwarf gene, df, is required early in pituitary ontogeny for the extinction of Rpx transcription and initiation of lineage-specific cell proliferation. Mol Endocrinol 10(12):1570-81. [PubMed: 8961267]  [MGI Ref ID J:37083]

Gage PJ; Lossie AC; Scarlett LM; Lloyd RV; Camper SA. 1995. Ames dwarf mice exhibit somatotrope commitment but lack growth hormone-releasing factor response. Endocrinology 136(3):1161-7. [PubMed: 7867569]  [MGI Ref ID J:23749]

Gage PJ; Roller ML; Saunders TL; Scarlett LM; Camper SA. 1996. Anterior pituitary cells defective in the cell-autonomous factor, df, undergo cell lineage specification but not expansion. Development 122(1):151-60. [PubMed: 8565826]  [MGI Ref ID J:30875]

Gonzalez L; Curto LM; Miquet JG; Bartke A; Turyn D; Sotelo AI. 2007. Differential regulation of membrane associated-growth hormone binding protein (MA-GHBP) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression by growth hormone (GH) in mouse liver. Growth Horm IGF Res 17(2):104-12. [PubMed: 17321774]  [MGI Ref ID J:136762]

Hall MA; Bartke A; Martinko JM. 2002. Humoral immune response in mice over-expressing or deficient in growth hormone. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 227(7):535-44. [PubMed: 12094019]  [MGI Ref ID J:103282]

Himes AD; Raetzman LT. 2009. Premature differentiation and aberrant movement of pituitary cells lacking both Hes1 and Prop1. Dev Biol 325(1):151-61. [PubMed: 18996108]  [MGI Ref ID J:143548]

Hunter WS; Croson WB; Bartke A; Gentry MV; Meliska CJ. 1999. Low body temperature in long-lived Ames dwarf mice at rest and during stress. Physiol Behav 67(3):433-7. [PubMed: 10497963]  [MGI Ref ID J:59474]

Hurley DL; Birch DV; Almond MC; Estrada IJ; Phelps CJ. 2003. Reduced hypothalamic neuropeptide Y expression in growth hormone- and prolactin-deficient Ames and Snell dwarf mice. Endocrinology 144(11):4783-9. [PubMed: 12960004]  [MGI Ref ID J:105617]

Hurley DL; Wee BE; Phelps CJ. 1997. Hypophysiotropic somatostatin expression during postnatal development in growth hormone-deficient Ames dwarf mice: mRNA in situ hybridization. Neuroendocrinology 65(2):98-106. [PubMed: 9067987]  [MGI Ref ID J:38549]

Hurley DL; Wojtkiewicz PW; Phelps CJ. 1995. Growth hormone and Pit-1 mRNA detection using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in adult and developing Ames dwarf mice. Recent Prog Horm Res 50:443-8. [PubMed: 7740179]  [MGI Ref ID J:28246]

Hyde JF; Bartke A; Davis BM. 1993. Galanin gene expression in the hypothalamopituitary axis of the Ames Dwarf mouse Mol Cell Neurosci 4(3):298-303.  [MGI Ref ID J:13272]

Ikeno Y; Bronson RT; Hubbard GB; Lee S; Bartke A. 2003. Delayed occurrence of fatal neoplastic diseases in ames dwarf mice: correlation to extended longevity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 58(4):291-6. [PubMed: 12663691]  [MGI Ref ID J:97260]

Jacobs ML; Chandrashekar V; Bartke A; Weber RF. 1997. Early effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on insulin-like growth factor-I in the kidneys of growth hormone-transgenic and growth hormone-deficient dwarf mice. Exp Nephrol 5(4):337-44. [PubMed: 9259189]  [MGI Ref ID J:43331]

Karolyi IJ; Dootz GA; Halsey K; Beyer L; Probst FJ; Johnson KR; Parlow AF; Raphael Y; Dolan DF; Camper SA. 2007. Dietary thyroid hormone replacement ameliorates hearing deficits in hypothyroid mice. Mamm Genome 18(8):596-608. [PubMed: 17899304]  [MGI Ref ID J:125708]

Kennedy MA; Rakoczy SG; Brown-Borg HM. 2003. Long-living Ames dwarf mouse hepatocytes readily undergo apoptosis. Exp Gerontol 38(9):997-1008. [PubMed: 12954487]  [MGI Ref ID J:115649]

Kinney BA; Meliska CJ; Steger RW; Bartke A. 2001. Evidence that Ames dwarf mice age differently from their normal siblings in behavioral and learning and memory parameters. Horm Behav 39(4):277-84. [PubMed: 11374913]  [MGI Ref ID J:102827]

Kinney-Forshee BA; Kinney NE; Steger RW; Bartke A. 2004. Could a deficiency in growth hormone signaling be beneficial to the aging brain? Physiol Behav 80(5):589-94. [PubMed: 14984790]  [MGI Ref ID J:96331]

Liang H; Masoro EJ; Nelson JF; Strong R; McMahan CA; Richardson A. 2003. Genetic mouse models of extended lifespan. Exp Gerontol 38(11-12):1353-64. [PubMed: 14698816]  [MGI Ref ID J:87700]

Lindberg FP; Bullard DC; Caver TE; Gresham HD; Beaudet AL; Brown EJ. 1996. Decreased resistance to bacterial infection and granulocyte defects in IAP-deficient mice. Science 274(5288):795-8. [PubMed: 8864123]  [MGI Ref ID J:36489]

Masternak MM; Al-Regaiey K; Bonkowski MS; Panici J; Sun L; Wang J; Przybylski GK; Bartke A. 2004. Divergent effects of caloric restriction on gene expression in normal and long-lived mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 59(8):784-8. [PubMed: 15345726]  [MGI Ref ID J:93043]

Masternak MM; Al-Regaiey KA; Bonkowski MS; Panici JA; Bartke A. 2005. Effect of every other day feeding diet on gene expression in normal and in long-lived Ames dwarf mice. Exp Gerontol 40(6):491-7. [PubMed: 15935586]  [MGI Ref ID J:104954]

Muralikrishnan D; Ebadi M; Brown-Borg HM. 2002. Effect of MPTP on Dopamine metabolism in Ames dwarf mice. Neurochem Res 27(6):457-64. [PubMed: 12199149]  [MGI Ref ID J:106189]

Nasonkin IO; Ward RD; Raetzman LT; Seasholtz AF; Saunders TL; Gillespie PJ; Camper SA. 2004. Pituitary hypoplasia and respiratory distress syndrome in Prop1 knockout mice. Hum Mol Genet 13(22):2727-35. [PubMed: 15459176]  [MGI Ref ID J:94409]

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Perez-Romero A; Dialynas E; Salame F; Amores A; Vidarte L; Bartke A; Ariznavarreta C; Tresguerres JA. 2001. GH gene expression in the submaxillary gland in normal and Ames dwarf mice. J Endocrinol 169(2):389-96. [PubMed: 11312155]  [MGI Ref ID J:119453]

Phelps CJ. 1994. Pituitary hormones as neurotrophic signals: anomalous hypophysiotrophic neuron differentiation in hypopituitary dwarf mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 206(1):6-23. [PubMed: 7910409]  [MGI Ref ID J:18152]

Phelps CJ; Carlson SW; Vaccarella MY; Felten SY. 1993. Developmental assessment of hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopamine in prolactin-deficient dwarf mice [published erratum appears in Endocrinology 1993 Jul;133(1):327] Endocrinology 132(6):2715-22. [PubMed: 8504771]  [MGI Ref ID J:12880]

Phelps CJ; Dalcik H; Endo H; Talamantes F; Hurley DL. 1993. Growth hormone-releasing hormone peptide and mRNA are overexpressed in GH-deficient Ames dwarf mice. Endocrinology 133(6):3034-7. [PubMed: 7694848]  [MGI Ref ID J:16164]

Phelps CJ; Vaccarella MY; Romero MI; Hurley DL. 1994. Postnatal reduction in number of hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons in prolactin-deficient dwarf mice [published errata appear in Neuroendocrinology 1994 Apr;59(4):405 and 1994 Nov;60(5):534] Neuroendocrinology 59(3):189-96. [PubMed: 7909141]  [MGI Ref ID J:17118]

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Raetzman LT; Ross SA; Cook S; Dunwoodie SL; Camper SA; Thomas PQ. 2004. Developmental regulation of Notch signaling genes in the embryonic pituitary: Prop1 deficiency affects Notch2 expression. Dev Biol 265(2):329-40. [PubMed: 14732396]  [MGI Ref ID J:87368]

Raetzman LT; Ward R; Camper SA. 2002. Lhx4 and Prop1 are required for cell survival and expansion of the pituitary primordia. Development 129(18):4229-39. [PubMed: 12183375]  [MGI Ref ID J:79850]

Romanick MA; Rakoczy SG; Brown-Borg HM. 2004. Long-lived Ames dwarf mouse exhibits increased antioxidant defense in skeletal muscle. Mech Ageing Dev 125(4):269-81. [PubMed: 15063102]  [MGI Ref ID J:92190]

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Salmon AB; Murakami S; Bartke A; Kopchick J; Yasumura K; Miller RA. 2005. Fibroblast cell lines from young adult mice of long-lived mutant strains are resistant to multiple forms of stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 289(1):E23-9. [PubMed: 15701676]  [MGI Ref ID J:99517]

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Health & husbandry

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Mating System	Progeny Tested         (Female x Male)   01-MAR-06
	TJL Breeding Scheme: progeny test then heterozygote x heterozygote TJL Breeding Summary: +/? x +/? progeny test then heterozygote x heterozygote.

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Repository-Live. A collection of over 1000 strains maintained as live colonies. Individual colonies are sized to meet current customer demand. Delivery for orders of 10 mice or less ranges on average from one to eight weeks; mice are generally shipped between four to six weeks of age with a maximum shipping age of approximately nine weeks. Colony sizes do not generally support stringent age specifications for large volumes of mice; however custom orders and larger quantities of mice are easily arranged. Estimated ship dates for all orders provided within two business days following order placement.

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Usually shipped between four and eight weeks of age. This strain is included in the Mouse Mutant Resource collection. Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

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