Strain Name:

STOCK ct/J

Stock Number:

001813

Availability:

Repository- Live

Description

Strain Information

Type Mutant Stock;
Mating SystemHomozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male)
Specieslaboratory mouse
Generation?+F57 (07-DEC-07)

Appearance
agouti, curly tail (variable penetrance)
Related Genotype: A/A ct/ct

Development
Curly tail arose at Glaxo Laboratories in 1950 on the GFF inbred background (which was Tyra/Tyra Tyrp1b/Tyrp1b p/p in coat color). A litter with 4 mutants was transferred to Hans Gruneberg who got one female curly tail to breed to a CBA/Gr male. He subsequently backcrossed her offspring to CBA/Gr for 2 more generations to reach N3 then maintained this colony through closed colony mating in which the curly tail phenotyped was maintained. On several occasions prior to 1991 this colony was re-derived through a small number of breeders ( Brook, FA et al. 1991. Development 113, p.671; Grunenberg H, 1954 J. Genet. 52, p. 52). Curly tail mice arrived at The Jackson Laboratory in 1990. According to Neumann et al. 1994, "The Oxford curly-tail colony was established from mice donated by Mary Seller (Guy s Hospital, London) in 1984. Subsequently, breeding pairs were sent from Oxford to Boston (1990), and from there, to The Jackson Laboratory." The Jackson Laboratory received these mice in 1990, expanded them by closed colony mating for 3 generations before passing through importation, and has maintained this strain by homozygous sibling matings ever since its passage through importation in 1991. The curly tail colony is considered homozygous for curly tail, however, incomplete penetrance and expressivity results in siblings displaying wildtype or mutant phenotypes of varying degrees.

Control Information

  Allele   Control
 ct  None Available
   Use normal appearing from colony.
 
  Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying other alleles of ct
004935   C57BL/6J-ct2J/J
005272   CByJ.B6-ct2J/J
View Strains carrying other alleles of ct     (2 strains)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

Mammalian Phenotype Terms assigned by genotype

ct/ct

        STOCK ct/J
  • nervous system phenotype
  • exencephaly (MGI Ref ID J:86772)
    • in 3% of mice
  • spina bifida (MGI Ref ID J:86772)
    • 12% of mice exhibit spina bifida aparta that is reduced by 53% following treatment with inositol
  • limbs/digits/tail phenotype
  • curly tail (MGI Ref ID J:86772)
    • in 50% of mice

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX® Mice strain.

ct/ct

        involves: CBA/Gr * GFF
  • limbs/digits/tail phenotype
  • curly tail (MGI Ref ID J:264)
    • mice exhibit varying decrees of tail curl
  • nervous system phenotype
  • anencephaly (MGI Ref ID J:264)
    • rarely
  • delayed neural tube closure (MGI Ref ID J:79)
  • spina bifida (MGI Ref ID J:264)
    • in some mice
  • craniofacial phenotype
  • anencephaly (MGI Ref ID J:264)
    • rarely
  • embryogenesis phenotype
  • abnormal dorsal-ventral axis patterning (MGI Ref ID J:79)
    • embryos display significantly greater ventral curvature of the body axis in the neuropore region than do normal embryos
  • skeleton phenotype
  • anencephaly (MGI Ref ID J:264)
    • rarely

ct/ct

        GFF-ct
  • limbs/digits/tail phenotype
  • curly tail (MGI Ref ID J:6864)
  • nervous system phenotype
  • abnormal neural tube closure (MGI Ref ID J:6246)
    • administration of vitamin A to mothers on day 8 of pregnancy increases the frequency of neural tube defects in homozygous ct offspring, but vitamin A administration on day 9 causes a marked decrease
    • inositol deficiency in the culture medium increases the frequency of neural tube defects
    • spina bifida (MGI Ref ID J:6864)
  • exencephaly (MGI Ref ID J:6864)
    • rare
    • there is a great preponderance of females among exencephalic embryos
  • growth/size phenotype
  • fetal growth retardation (MGI Ref ID J:6864)

ct/ct

        involves: GFF
  • limbs/digits/tail phenotype
  • curly tail (MGI Ref ID J:14716)
  • nervous system phenotype
  • abnormal neural tube closure (MGI Ref ID J:14716)
    • neural tube defects are more severe than in ct homozygotes
    • spina bifida (MGI Ref ID J:14716)

ct/ct+

        involves: C57BL/6 * GFF
  • limbs/digits/tail phenotype
  • curly tail (MGI Ref ID J:24376)
    • 8 of 36 mice are affected

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

ct related

Developmental Biology Research
Neural Tube Defects
Skeletal Defects

Neurobiology Research
Neural Tube Defects

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol ct
Allele Name curly tail
Strain of OriginGFF
Molecular Note Curly tail arose at Glaxo Laboratories in 1950 on the GFF inbred background (which was Tyra/Tyra Tyrp1b/Tyrp1b p/p in coat color).

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

This strain will not have a genotyping protocol or one is not currently available.

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Additional References

Brook FA; Shum AS; Van Straaten HW; Copp AJ. 1991. Curvature of the caudal region is responsible for failure of neural tube closure in the curly tail (ct) mouse embryo. Development 113(2):671-8. [PubMed: 1782873]  [MGI Ref ID J:79]

Chen WH; Morriss-Kay GM; Copp AJ. 1995. Genesis and prevention of spinal neural tube defects in the curly tail mutant mouse: involvement of retinoic acid and its nuclear receptors RAR-beta and RAR-gamma. Development 121(3):681-91. [PubMed: 7720576]  [MGI Ref ID J:23774]

Copp AJ; Seller MJ; Polani PE. 1982. Neural tube development in mutant (curly tail) and normal mouse embryos: the timing of posterior neuropore closure in vivo and in vitro. J Embryol Exp Morphol 69:151-67. [PubMed: 7119666]  [MGI Ref ID J:6864]

Embury S; Seller MJ; Adinolfi M; Polani PE. 1979. Neural tube defects in curly-tail mice. I. Incidence, expression and similarity to the human condition. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 206(1162):85-94. [PubMed: 42071]  [MGI Ref ID J:6245]

Estibeiro JP; Brook FA; Copp AJ. 1993. Interaction between splotch (Sp) and curly tail (ct) mouse mutants in the embryonic development of neural tube defects. Development 119(1):113-21. [PubMed: 8275849]  [MGI Ref ID J:14716]

Goffinet AM. 1995. Developmental neurobiology. A real gene for reeler [news; comment] Nature 374(6524):675-6. [PubMed: 7715721]  [MGI Ref ID J:24507]

Neumann PE; Frankel WN; Letts VA; Coffin JM; Copp AJ; Bernfield M. 1994. Multifactorial inheritance of neural tube defects: localization of the major gene and recognition of modifiers in ct mutant mice. Nat Genet 6(4):357-62. [PubMed: 8054974]  [MGI Ref ID J:17490]

Selcuki M; Manning S; Bernfield M. 2001. The curly tail mouse model of human neural tube defects demonstrates normal spinal cord differentiation at the level of the meningomyelocele: implications for fetal surgery. Childs Nerv Syst 17(1-2):19-23. [PubMed: 11219618]  [MGI Ref ID J:74093]

Seller MJ; Embury S; Polani PE; Adinolfi M. 1979. Neural tube defects in curly-tail mice. II. Effect of maternal administration of vitamin A. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 206(1162):95-107. [PubMed: 42072]  [MGI Ref ID J:6246]

van Straaten HW; Copp AJ. 2001. Curly tail: a 50-year history of the mouse spina bifida model. Anat Embryol (Berl) 203(4):225-37. [PubMed: 11396850]  [MGI Ref ID J:70968]

ct related

Adinolfi M; Beck S; Embury S; Polani PE; Seller MJ. 1976. Levels of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluids of mice (curly-tail) with neural tube defects. J Med Genet 13(6):511-3. [PubMed: 65471]  [MGI Ref ID J:5779]

Beier DR; Dushkin H; Telle T. 1995. Haplotype analysis of intra-specific backcross curly-tail mice confirms the localization of ct to chromosome 4. Mamm Genome 6(4):269-72. [PubMed: 7613032]  [MGI Ref ID J:24376]

Briner W; Peterson S. 1998. Comparison of the behavior of the curly tail and CBA mouse on a neurologic scale. Neurotoxicol Teratol 20(5):503-10. [PubMed: 9761588]  [MGI Ref ID J:50423]

Brook FA; Shum AS; Van Straaten HW; Copp AJ. 1991. Curvature of the caudal region is responsible for failure of neural tube closure in the curly tail (ct) mouse embryo. Development 113(2):671-8. [PubMed: 1782873]  [MGI Ref ID J:79]

Brouns MR; Peeters MC; Geurts JM; Merckx DM; Engelen JJ; Hekking JW; Terwindt-Rouwenhorst EA; Oosterbaan ME; Geraedts JP; van Straaten HW. 2005. Toward positional cloning of the curly tail gene. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 73(3):154-61. [PubMed: 15678492]  [MGI Ref ID J:101655]

Chen WH; Morriss-Kay GM; Copp AJ. 1995. Genesis and prevention of spinal neural tube defects in the curly tail mutant mouse: involvement of retinoic acid and its nuclear receptors RAR-beta and RAR-gamma. Development 121(3):681-91. [PubMed: 7720576]  [MGI Ref ID J:23774]

Chen WH; Morriss-Kay GM; Copp AJ. 1994. Prevention of spinal neural tube defects in the curly tail mouse mutant by a specific effect of retinoic acid. Dev Dyn 199(2):93-102. [PubMed: 8204910]  [MGI Ref ID J:17146]

Cockroft DL; Brook FA; Copp AJ. 1992. Inositol deficiency increases the susceptibility to neural tube defects of genetically predisposed (curly tail) mouse embryos in vitro. Teratology 45(2):223-32. [PubMed: 1615432]  [MGI Ref ID J:1549]

Cogram P; Hynes A; Dunlevy LP; Greene ND; Copp AJ. 2004. Specific isoforms of protein kinase C are essential for prevention of folate-resistant neural tube defects by inositol. Hum Mol Genet 13(1):7-14. [PubMed: 14613966]  [MGI Ref ID J:87315]

Copp AJ; Seller MJ; Polani PE. 1982. Neural tube development in mutant (curly tail) and normal mouse embryos: the timing of posterior neuropore closure in vivo and in vitro. J Embryol Exp Morphol 69:151-67. [PubMed: 7119666]  [MGI Ref ID J:6864]

Copp AJ; Shum ASW; Brook FA. 1993. Analysis of neural tube defects in a mouse mutant using whole embryo culture Toxicol In Vitro 7(6):679-84.  [MGI Ref ID J:18794]

Embury S; Seller MJ; Adinolfi M; Polani PE. 1979. Neural tube defects in curly-tail mice. I. Incidence, expression and similarity to the human condition. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 206(1162):85-94. [PubMed: 42071]  [MGI Ref ID J:6245]

Estibeiro JP; Brook FA; Copp AJ. 1993. Interaction between splotch (Sp) and curly tail (ct) mouse mutants in the embryonic development of neural tube defects. Development 119(1):113-21. [PubMed: 8275849]  [MGI Ref ID J:14716]

Gofflot F; Hall M; Morriss-Kay GM. 1998. Genetic patterning of the posterior neuropore region of curly tail mouse embryos: deficiency of Wnt5a expression. Int J Dev Biol 42(5):637-44. [PubMed: 9712518]  [MGI Ref ID J:51455]

Greene ND; Copp AJ. 1997. Inositol prevents folate-resistant neural tube defects in the mouse [see comments] Nat Med 3(1):60-6. [PubMed: 8986742]  [MGI Ref ID J:40168]

Gruneberg H. 1954. Genetical studies on the skeleton of the mouse. VIII. Curly-tail J Genet 52:52-67.  [MGI Ref ID J:264]

Gustavsson P; Greene ND; Lad D; Pauws E; de Castro SC; Stanier P; Copp AJ. 2007. Increased expression of Grainyhead-like-3 rescues spina bifida in a folate-resistant mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 16(21):2640-6. [PubMed: 17720888]  [MGI Ref ID J:129979]

Hall M; Gofflot F; Iseki S; Morriss-Kay GM. 2001. Effects of the curly tail genotype on neuroepithelial integrity and cell proliferation during late stages of primary neurulation. J Anat 199(Pt 6):645-55. [PubMed: 11787818]  [MGI Ref ID J:73993]

Hemre KM; Keller-Peck CR; Campbell RM; Peterson AC; Mullen RJ; Goldowitz D. 1996. Annexin IV is a marker of roof and floor plate development in the murine CNS. J Comp Neurol 368(4):527-37. [PubMed: 8744441]  [MGI Ref ID J:32805]

Hoyle C; Henderson DJ; Matthews DJ; Copp AJ. 1996. Transferrin and its receptor in the development of genetically determined neural tube defects in the mouse embryo. Dev Dyn 207(1):35-46. [PubMed: 8875074]  [MGI Ref ID J:35167]

Keller-Peck CR; Mullen RJ. 1997. Altered cell proliferation in the spinal cord of mouse neural tube mutants curly tail and Pax3 splotch-delayed. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 102(2):177-88. [PubMed: 9352100]  [MGI Ref ID J:43203]

Keller-Peck CR; Mullen RJ. 1996. Patterns of neuronal differentiation in neural tube mutant mice: curly tail and Pax3 splotch-delayed. J Comp Neurol 368(4):516-26. [PubMed: 8744440]  [MGI Ref ID J:32806]

Letts VA; Schork NJ; Copp AJ; Bernfield M; Frankel WN. 1995. A curly-tail modifier locus, mct1, on mouse chromosome 17. Genomics 29(3):719-24. [PubMed: 8575765]  [MGI Ref ID J:29366]

Neumann PE; Frankel WN; Letts VA; Coffin JM; Copp AJ; Bernfield M. 1994. Multifactorial inheritance of neural tube defects: localization of the major gene and recognition of modifiers in ct mutant mice. Nat Genet 6(4):357-62. [PubMed: 8054974]  [MGI Ref ID J:17490]

Peeters MC; Schutte B; Lenders MH; Hekking JW; Drukker J; Van Straaten HW. 1998. Role of differential cell proliferation in the tail bud in aberrant mouse neurulation. Dev Dyn 211(4):382-9. [PubMed: 9566957]  [MGI Ref ID J:46907]

Peeters MC; Shum AS; Hekking JW; Copp AJ; van Straaten HW. 1996. Relationship between altered axial curvature and neural tube closure in normal and mutant (curly tail) mouse embryos. Anat Embryol (Berl) 193(2):123-30. [PubMed: 8742053]  [MGI Ref ID J:31681]

Petzold A; Stiefel D; Copp AJ. 2005. Amniotic fluid brain-specific proteins are biomarkers for spinal cord injury in experimental myelomeningocele. J Neurochem 95(2):594-8. [PubMed: 16190875]  [MGI Ref ID J:103589]

Reis JL; Correia-Pinto J; Monteiro MP; Hutchins GM. 2007. In utero topographic analysis of astrocytes and neuronal cells in the spinal cord of mutant mice with myelomeningocele. J Neurosurg 106(6 Suppl):472-9. [PubMed: 17566405]  [MGI Ref ID J:125330]

Selcuki M; Manning S; Bernfield M. 2001. The curly tail mouse model of human neural tube defects demonstrates normal spinal cord differentiation at the level of the meningomyelocele: implications for fetal surgery. Childs Nerv Syst 17(1-2):19-23. [PubMed: 11219618]  [MGI Ref ID J:74093]

Seller MJ; Adinolfi M. 1981. The curly-tail mouse: an experimental model for human neural tube defects. Life Sci 29(16):1607-15. [PubMed: 7031395]  [MGI Ref ID J:6655]

Seller MJ; Bnait KS. 1995. Effects of tobacco smoke inhalation on the developing mouse embryo and fetus. Reprod Toxicol 9(5):449-59. [PubMed: 8563188]  [MGI Ref ID J:29593]

Seller MJ; Embury S; Polani PE; Adinolfi M. 1979. Neural tube defects in curly-tail mice. II. Effect of maternal administration of vitamin A. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 206(1162):95-107. [PubMed: 42072]  [MGI Ref ID J:6246]

Seller MJ; Perkins KJ; Adinolfi M. 1983. Differential response of heterozygous curly-tail mouse embryos to vitamin A teratogenesis depending on maternal genotype. Teratology 28(1):123-9. [PubMed: 6635991]  [MGI Ref ID J:7230]

Shum AS; Copp AJ. 1996. Regional differences in morphogenesis of the neuroepithelium suggest multiple mechanisms of spinal neurulation in the mouse. Anat Embryol (Berl) 194(1):65-73. [PubMed: 8800424]  [MGI Ref ID J:34262]

Ting SB; Wilanowski T; Auden A; Hall M; Voss AK; Thomas T; Parekh V; Cunningham JM; Jane SM. 2003. Inositol- and folate-resistant neural tube defects in mice lacking the epithelial-specific factor Grhl-3. Nat Med 9(12):1513-9. [PubMed: 14608380]  [MGI Ref ID J:86772]

Tran P; Hiou-Tim F; Frosst P; Lussier-Cacan S; Bagley P; Selhub J; Bottiglieri T; Rozen R. 2002. The curly-tail (ct) mouse, an animal model of neural tube defects, displays altered homocysteine metabolism without folate responsiveness or a defect in Mthfr. Mol Genet Metab 76(4):297-304. [PubMed: 12208134]  [MGI Ref ID J:101647]

van Straaten HW; Blom H; Peeters MC; Rousseau AM; Cole KJ; Seller MJ. 1995. Dietary methionine does not reduce penetrance in curly tail mice but causes a phenotype-specific decrease in embryonic growth. J Nutr 125(11):2733-40. [PubMed: 7472652]  [MGI Ref ID J:30092]

van Straaten HW; Copp AJ. 2001. Curly tail: a 50-year history of the mouse spina bifida model. Anat Embryol (Berl) 203(4):225-37. [PubMed: 11396850]  [MGI Ref ID J:70968]

van Straaten HW; Hekking JW; Copp AJ; Bernfield M. 1992. Deceleration and acceleration in the rate of posterior neuropore closure during neurulation in the curly tail (ct) mouse embryo. Anat Embryol (Berl) 185(2):169-74. [PubMed: 1536449]  [MGI Ref ID J:534]

Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Room Number           A1

Purchasing information

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions

Pricing

Pricing for USA, Canada and Mexico shipping destinations             View   International   Pricing
Weeks of AgePrice*GenderGenotypes Provided
Individual Mouse Price $94.30Female or MaleHomozygous for ct
Pairs /Price*Pair Genotype
$188.60Homozygous for ct x Homozygous for ct
*Price(s) in US dollars ($)

Supply Details

Standard SupplyRepository-Live. A collection of over 1000 strains maintained as live colonies. Individual colonies are sized to meet current customer demand. Delivery for orders of 10 mice or less ranges on average from one to eight weeks; mice are generally shipped between four to six weeks of age with a maximum shipping age of ~nine weeks. Colony sizes do not generally support stringent age specifications for large volumes of mice; however custom orders and larger quantities of mice are easily arranged. Estimated ship dates for all orders provided within 48 hours of order placement.
Supply Notes
Request Form Strain from the Neural Tube Defect Resource. First time use requires submission of a Request Form, please inquire.

Pricing for International shipping destinations             View   USA, Canada and Mexico   Pricing
Weeks of AgePrice*GenderGenotypes Provided
Individual Mouse Price $122.60Female or MaleHomozygous for ct
Pairs /Price*Pair Genotype
$245.20Homozygous for ct x Homozygous for ct
*Price(s) in US dollars ($)

Supply Details

Standard SupplyRepository-Live. A collection of over 1000 strains maintained as live colonies. Individual colonies are sized to meet current customer demand. Delivery for orders of 10 mice or less ranges on average from one to eight weeks; mice are generally shipped between four to six weeks of age with a maximum shipping age of ~nine weeks. Colony sizes do not generally support stringent age specifications for large volumes of mice; however custom orders and larger quantities of mice are easily arranged. Estimated ship dates for all orders provided within 48 hours of order placement.
Supply Notes
Request Form Strain from the Neural Tube Defect Resource. First time use requires submission of a Request Form, please inquire.

Control Information

  Allele   Control
 ct  None Available
   Use normal appearing from colony.
 
  Considerations for Choosing Controls
  USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
  International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.

General Terms and Conditions

View JAX® Mice & Services Conditions of Use.

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.
Ordering and Purchasing Information

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Tel: 800.422.6423 or 207.288.5845
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