Description

Strain Information

Type Spontaneous Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered Mutant Mice. Type Inbred Strain; Additional information on Inbred Strains. Mating System Heterozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male) Species laboratory mouse H2 Haplotype q Generation F100 (03-JAN-08)

Appearance
albino, without hair
Related Genotype: A/A Tyr^c/Tyr^c Foxn1^nu/Foxn1^nu

albino, with hair
Related Genotype: A/A Tyr^c/Tyr^c Foxn1^nu/+

Important Note
This strain is segregating for Foxn1^nu.

Description
The two main defects of mice homozygous for the nude spontaneous mutation (Foxn1^nu, formerly Hfh11^nu) are abnormal hair growth and defective development of the thymic epithelium. Although the mice appear hairless, they are born with functional but faulty hair growth follicles. Hair growth cycles and patterns are evident especially in pigmented mice but the faulty follicles do not allow the hair to properly erupt. Homozygous pups can be identified as young as 24 hours by their lack of whiskers or poorly developed, crinkled whiskers. Nude mice are also athymic caused by a developmental failure of the thymic anlage. Consequently, homozygous nude mice lack T cells and suffer from a lack of cell-mediated immunity. However there is not a defect in T-cell precursors, and under the right conditions some functional mature T cells can be found especially in adult mice. Because of a defect in helper T-cell activity, responses to thymus-dependent antigens when detectable are primarily limited to IgM. Homozygous nude mice show partial defect in B cell development probably due to absence of functional T cells. Other endocrine and neurological deficiencies have been reported. The use of nude mice has reduced the number of thymectomy procedures required in research projects. Females are not effective breeders. Ovulation starts late at 2.5 months and ends early at 4 months.

Development
The nude mutation was first recorded by Dr. N.R. Grist at the Virus Laboratory, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland. The mutation arose in a mouse stock that was closed but not inbred. In 1975, The Jackson Laboratory imported the nude mutation from the NIH on an outbred stock. As of 2008, the strain has been inbred for at least 100 generations.

Control Information

	Control
	Heterozygote from the colony
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Foxn1^nu allele

000819	B6.Cg-Foxn1nu/J
000711	CByJ.Cg-Foxn1nu/J
003118	STOCK Es1e Foxn1nu/J

View Strains carrying   Foxn1^nu     (3 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Foxn1

000820	AKR/J-Foxn1nu-str/J
000521	B6.AK-Foxn1nu-str/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Foxn1     (2 strains)

Additional Web Information

Genetic Quality Control Annual Report
JAX^® NOTES, Spring 2006; 501. Choosing an Immunodeficient Mouse Model.

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Data

Mouse Phenome Database

View Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

T-Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy - Models with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs.1

1 Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of those genes appear in the mouse genotype(s).

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms

      assigned by genotype

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Foxn1^nu/Foxn1^nu

        involves: albino stock

• life span-post-weaning/aging
• premature death (MGI Ref ID J:30772)
  • most die within a few weeks of weaning
• skin/coat/nails phenotype
• nude (MGI Ref ID J:30772)
  • mice fail to grow a first coat of hair

Foxn1^nu/Foxn1^nu

        Background Not Specified

• lethality-postnatal
• postnatal lethality (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • some mice die within 1 week of birth
  • 55% mortality within 2 weeks
• life span-post-weaning/aging
• premature death (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • 100% mortality by 25 weeks
• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• small ovary (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
• growth/size phenotype
• decreased body size (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
• decreased body weight (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
• postnatal growth retardation (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• abnormal T cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:11959)
• athymia (MGI Ref ID J:11959)
• immune system phenotype
• abnormal T cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:11959)
• abnormal cell-mediated immunity (MGI Ref ID J:11959)
• athymia (MGI Ref ID J:11959)
• liver/biliary system phenotype
• abnormal liver morphology (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • liver lobes were atrophied and covered with red scars
  • variable degrees of severity, typically increasing with age at time of death
• reproductive system phenotype
• abnormal estrous cycle (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • many females exhibited continuous dioestrus and metaoestrus phases
• abnormal male germ cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • many sperm had coiled tails
• asthenozoospermia (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
• female infertility (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • severely reduced fertility
• reduced male fertility (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
• small ovary (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
• skin/coat/nails phenotype
• nude (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • sparse hair growth around 5 weeks of age
  • in some mice, cephalo-caudal migration of an irregular band of short sparse hair
• thin skin (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • reduction in skin thickness at 3 weeks of age, corresponding to the catagen stage of normal skin
• touch/vibrissae phenotype
• absent vibrissae (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • absent at birth
• short vibrissae (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • older mice show repeated growth and loss of short and wavy vibrissae
• wavy vibrissae (MGI Ref ID J:5043)
  • older mice show repeated growth and loss of short and wavy vibrissae

Foxn1^nu/Foxn1^nu

        B6.Cg/NTac-Foxn1^nu

• immune system phenotype
• decreased susceptibility to parasitic infection (MGI Ref ID J:64283)
  • mice showed no sign of lesion development for up to 12 to 14 weeks post-infection; after 20 weeks, all lesions remain small

Foxn1^nu/Foxn1^nu

        involves: BALB/c

• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• ascites (MGI Ref ID J:40405)
  • develop within 4-8 weeks of plasma cell transplant; ascites contains many plasma cells, some of which are multinucleated and contain high levels of IgA
• tumorigenesis
• plasmacytoma (MGI Ref ID J:40405)
  • plasma cells isolated from BALB/c/C57BL/6 mice generate plasmacytomas in pristane-treated BALB/c nude mice within 4-8 weeks
• cellular phenotype
• chromosomal instability (MGI Ref ID J:40405)
  • plasmacytomas generated are near-tetraploid and contain the t(12;15) translocation

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Foxn1^nu related

Dermatology Research
Skin and Hair Texture Defects

Endocrine Deficiency Research
Adrenal Cortex Defects
Skin Defects
Thyroid Defects

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Immunodeficiency (T cell deficiency)

Internal/Organ Research
Thymus Defects

Research Tools
Cancer Research (xenograft/transplant host)
Immunology and Inflammation Research (T cell deficiency)

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol		Foxn1nu
Allele Name		nude
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		Foxnlnu; Whn-; hairless; nu;
Strain of Origin		albino stock
Gene Symbol and Name		Foxn1, forkhead box N1
Chromosome		11
Gene Common Name(s)		D11Bhm185e; DNA segment, Chr 11, Boehm 185, expressed; FKHL20; HNF-3/forkhead homolog 11; Hfh11; RONU; Rnu; WHN; nu; nude;
General Note		Dr. N.R. Grist found a hairless mutation in mice in the Virus Laboratory, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow, and passed it on to the Institute of Animal Genetics at Edinburgh for study. Homozygotes are hairless from birth and most die within a few weeks after weaning (J:30772). Body growth rate,viability, and fertility are severely reduced. Hair follicles are normal at birth, but keratinization, which normally occurs in the middle third of the follicle, is faulty and the hairs do not erupt (J:5043). Epidermal keratinization is also faulty (J:466). Application of exogenous keratinocyte growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 7; see Fgf7) normalizes the follicular defect in Hfh11nu/Hfh11nu mice (J:27782). The growth retardation and ossification defects in Hfh11nu homozygous mice was attributed to athymia (J:12665), rather than to hairlessness per se (J:20342).The thymus is almost totally absent (J:5059) due to failure of development of the thymic anlage which arises from the ectoderm of the third pharyngeal pouch. The rudiment remains small and cystic. Another derivative of the third pharyngeal pouch, the parathyroid, is unaffected by the nude mutation (J:6363). Differentiation of the stroma of the thymus into cortical and medullary parts, as recognized by monoclonal antibodies, occurs by embryonic day 13 in wild-type mice. This differentiation does not occur in Hfh11nu/Hfh11nu mice (J:7898). Transplantation studies have shown that the thymic rudiment of Hfh11nu/Hfh11nu mice fails to attract lymphoid cells, but that lymphoid cells of these mice are quite normal in their ability to populate implanted normal thymuses (J:11959). The thymic rudiment can engender some T-cell subpopulations and produce some factors with important functions (J:30766).Heterozygotes (Hfh11nu/+) have a thymus about 50 to 80% as large as that of +/+ congenic controls, the size of the difference depending on strain background. The two genotypes can be distinguished by this criterion (J:7330). Hfh11nu/+ mice also show a greater susceptibility to ocular infection with Herpes simplex virus infection than do +/+ mice (J:12543).Lack of the thymus in homozygotes leads to many defects of the immune system, including depletion of lymphocytes from thymus-dependent areas of lymph nodes and spleen, a much reduced lymphocyte population composed almost entirely of B-cells, relatively normal IgM response to thymus-independent antigens, very poor response to thymus-dependent antigens including failure to reject allogeneic and xenogeneic skin and tumor grafts, and greatly increased susceptibility to infection (J:11959).B cells and bone marrow stem cells are also depressed in nude mice, partly as a secondary effect of the T-cell defect. Peripheral progenmitors of mononuclear phagocytes and granulocytes are, however, abundant, and phagocytic systems are the major defense against infection (J:30766).Viability and fertility of nude mice can be greatly increased by protecting them from infectious organisms, as under specific pathogen-free or germ-free conditions (J:30766). Nude mice are widely used as naturally thymectomized mice in investigations of the role of the thymus in immune reactions.Because of its athymia and its failure to reject xenogeneic grafts, the nude mouse has also been used as a recipient for in vivo culture and study of such grafts. As Holub (J:30766) points out, the proportion of nude mouse papers devoted to studies of the mutation, as opposed to those in which the mouse is used as an athymic culture medium, has sharply declined over time. The nude mouse is regarded as thoroughly understood, and therefore usable as a research tool. Lacunae in the knowledge of the nude mutation still do exist, however. The present revue will largely disregard the extensive literature on nude mice used as tools, and will concentrate on the biology of nude.Various endocrine disorders have been described in nude mice (J:30766). A blunting of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress stmuli has been described that occurs at both the pituitary and adrenal levels (J:12543).The nude mouse may prove to be an interesting neurophysiological model, with reductions in various central nervous system components (J:30766). Microglial cell counts in the supraventricular corpus callosum are less in nude than in normal mice (J:20954). However, cerebellar Purkinje cell and granule cell populations due not seem to be reduced in nude animals (J:20471).Flanagan (J:5043) showed linkage of the nude mutation with Re and Pmp22 on linkage group VII. Recent studies have refined the mapping with respect to successively closer mouse genes (J:4562)(J:1905), and to microsatellite loci (J:24223). As noted above, physical and transcriptional maps have further refined the location of the mutation, making positional cloning possible (J:28409)
Molecular Note		A single base pair (G) deletion in exon 3 introduces a frameshift and a premature stop codon. The encoded protein is predicted to terminate upstream of the DNA-binding domain. [MGI Ref ID J:21194]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Foxn1^nu, REST, vers. 1

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Selected Reference(s)

Cordier AC; Haumont SM. 1980. Development of thymus, parathyroids, and ultimo-branchial bodies in NMRI and nude mice. Am J Anat 157(3):227-63. [PubMed: 7405870]  [MGI Ref ID J:6363]

Eaton GJ. 1976. Hair growth cycles and wave patterns in 'nude' mice. Transplantation 22(3):217-22. [PubMed: 788248]  [MGI Ref ID J:109965]

Flanagan SP. 1966. 'Nude', a new hairless gene with pleiotropic effects in the mouse. Genet Res 8(3):295-309. [PubMed: 5980117]  [MGI Ref ID J:5043]

Gonzalez M; Merino R; Gonzalez AL; Merino J. 1995. The ability of B cells to participate in allogeneic cognate T-B cell interactions in vitro depends on the presence of CD4+ T cells during their development. J Immunol 155(3):1091-100. [PubMed: 7636182]  [MGI Ref ID J:109914]

Hirasawa T; Yamashita H; Makino S. 1998. Genetic typing of the mouse and rat nude mutations by PCR and restriction enzyme analysis. Exp Anim 47(1):63-7. [PubMed: 9498115]  [MGI Ref ID J:46550]

Kaestner KH; Knochel W; Martinez DE. 2000. Unified nomenclature for the winged helix/forkhead transcription factors. Genes Dev 14(2):142-6. [PubMed: 10702024]  [MGI Ref ID J:59917]

Kaushik A; Kelsoe G; Jaton JC. 1995. The nude mutation results in impaired primary antibody repertoire. Eur J Immunol 25(2):631-634. [PubMed: 7875225]  [MGI Ref ID J:23271]

Nehls M; Pfeifer D; Schorpp M; Hedrich H; Boehm T. 1994. New member of the winged-helix protein family disrupted in mouse and rat nude mutations. Nature 372(6501):103-7. [PubMed: 7969402]  [MGI Ref ID J:21194]

Pantelouris EM. 1968. Absence of thymus in a mouse mutant. Nature 217(126):370-1. [PubMed: 5639157]  [MGI Ref ID J:5059]

Segre JA; Nemhauser JL; Taylor BA; Nadeau JH; Lander ES. 1995. Positional cloning of the nude locus: genetic, physical, and transcription maps of the region and mutations in the mouse and rat. Genomics 28(3):549-59. [PubMed: 7490093]  [MGI Ref ID J:28409]

Additional References

Bergo MO; Gavino BJ; Hong C; Beigneux AP; McMahon M; Casey PJ; Young SG. 2004. Inactivation of Icmt inhibits transformation by oncogenic K-Ras and B-Raf. J Clin Invest 113(4):539-50. [PubMed: 14966563]  [MGI Ref ID J:88170]

Foxn1^nu related

Aikawa T; Whipple CA; Lopez ME; Gunn J; Young A; Lander AD; Korc M. 2008. Glypican-1 modulates the angiogenic and metastatic potential of human and mouse cancer cells. J Clin Invest 118(1):89-99. [PubMed: 18064304]  [MGI Ref ID J:130809]

Akiyama T; Maeda S; Yamane S; Ogino K; Kasai M; Kajiura F; Matsumoto M; Inoue J. 2005. Dependence of self-tolerance on TRAF6-directed development of thymic stroma. Science 308(5719):248-51. [PubMed: 15705807]  [MGI Ref ID J:97344]

Andersen C; Jensen T; Nansen A; Marker O; Thomsen AR. 1999. CD4(+) T cell-mediated protection against a lethal outcome of systemic infection with vesicular stomatitis virus requires CD40 ligand expression, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. Int Immunol 11(12):2035-42. [PubMed: 10590269]  [MGI Ref ID J:110491]

Anderson MS; Venanzi ES; Chen Z; Berzins SP; Benoist C; Mathis D. 2005. The cellular mechanism of Aire control of T cell tolerance. Immunity 23(2):227-39. [PubMed: 16111640]  [MGI Ref ID J:100515]

Andoh M; Zhang G; Russell-Lodrigue KE; Shive HR; Weeks BR; Samuel JE. 2007. T Cells Are Essential for Bacterial Clearance, and Gamma Interferon, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and B Cells Are Crucial for Disease Development in Coxiella burnetii Infection in Mice. Infect Immun 75(7):3245-55. [PubMed: 17438029]  [MGI Ref ID J:122426]

Angeli V; Ginhoux F; Llodra J; Quemeneur L; Frenette PS; Skobe M; Jessberger R; Merad M; Randolph GJ. 2006. B cell-driven lymphangiogenesis in inflamed lymph nodes enhances dendritic cell mobilization. Immunity 24(2):203-15. [PubMed: 16473832]  [MGI Ref ID J:113320]

Anisimov VN; Zabezhinski MA; Rossolini G; Zaia A; Piantanelli A; Basso A; Piantanelli L. 2001. Long-live euthymic BALB/c-nu mice. II: spontaneous tumors and other pathologies. Mech Ageing Dev 122(5):477-89. [PubMed: 11292513]  [MGI Ref ID J:68465]

Augustin M; Klopp N; Ewald K; Jockusch H. 1998. A multicopy c-Myc transgene as a nuclear label: overgrowth of Myctg50 cells in allophenic mice. Cell Biol Int 22(6):401-11. [PubMed: 10328848]  [MGI Ref ID J:127669]

Bakalian A; Delhaye-Bouchaud N; Mariani J. 1995. Quantitative analysis of the Purkinje cell and the granule cell populations in the cerebellum of nude mice. J Neurogenet 9(4):207-18. [PubMed: 7760211]  [MGI Ref ID J:24071]

Blackburn CC; Augustine CL; Li R; Harvey RP; Malin MA; Boyd RL; Miller JF; Morahan G. 1996. The nu gene acts cell-autonomously and is required for differentiation of thymic epithelial progenitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(12):5742-6. [PubMed: 8650163]  [MGI Ref ID J:33588]

Blackburn CC; Griffith J; Morahan G. 1995. A high-resolution map of the chromosomal region surrounding the nude gene. Genomics 26(2):308-17. [PubMed: 7601457]  [MGI Ref ID J:24223]

Blais ME; Brochu S; Giroux M; Belanger MP; Dulude G; Sekaly RP; Perreault C. 2008. Why T cells of thymic versus extrathymic origin are functionally different. J Immunol 180(4):2299-312. [PubMed: 18250439]  [MGI Ref ID J:131997]

Blyth K; Vaillant F; Hanlon L; Mackay N; Bell M; Jenkins A; Neil JC; Cameron ER. 2006. Runx2 and MYC collaborate in lymphoma development by suppressing apoptotic and growth arrest pathways in vivo. Cancer Res 66(4):2195-201. [PubMed: 16489021]  [MGI Ref ID J:106649]

Bonorino C; Nardi NB; Zhang X; Wysocki LJ. 1998. Characteristics of the strong antibody response to mycobacterial Hsp70: a primary, T cell-dependent IgG response with no evidence of natural priming or gamma delta T cell involvement. J Immunol 161(10):5210-6. [PubMed: 9820492]  [MGI Ref ID J:115026]

Borsutzky S; Kretschmer K; Becker PD; Muhlradt PF; Kirschning CJ; Weiss S; Guzman CA. 2005. The mucosal adjuvant macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 directly stimulates B lymphocytes via the TLR2 without the need of accessory cells. J Immunol 174(10):6308-13. [PubMed: 15879130]  [MGI Ref ID J:99047]

Brandt CR. 1992. Susceptibility of +/+, +/nu and nu/nu BALB/c mice to ocular herpes simplex virus infection. Ophthalmic Res 24(6):332-7. [PubMed: 1287512]  [MGI Ref ID J:12543]

Briat A; Vassaux G. 2008. A new transgenic mouse line to image chemically induced p53 activation in vivo. Cancer Sci 99(4):683-8. [PubMed: 18377420]  [MGI Ref ID J:140273]

Brissette JL; Li J; Kamimura J; Lee D; Dotto GP. 1996. The product of the mouse nude locus, Whn, regulates the balance between epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Genes Dev 10(17):2212-21. [PubMed: 8804315]  [MGI Ref ID J:35264]

Browning JL; Allaire N; Ngam-Ek A; Notidis E; Hunt J; Perrin S; Fava RA. 2005. Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling is required for the homeostatic control of HEV differentiation and function. Immunity 23(5):539-50. [PubMed: 16286021]  [MGI Ref ID J:113284]

Burne MJ; Daniels F; El Ghandour A; Mauiyyedi S; Colvin RB; O'Donnell MP; Rabb H. 2001. Identification of the CD4(+) T cell as a major pathogenic factor in ischemic acute renal failure. J Clin Invest 108(9):1283-90. [PubMed: 11696572]  [MGI Ref ID J:118005]

Byrd LG. 1993. Regional localization of the nu mutation on mouse chromosome 11. Immunogenetics 37(2):157-9. [PubMed: 8423056]  [MGI Ref ID J:4562]

Byrom B; Barbet AF; Obwolo M; Mahan SM. 2000. CD8(+) T cell knockout mice are less susceptible to Cowdria ruminantium infection than athymic, CD4(+) T cell knockout, and normal C57BL/6 mice. Vet Parasitol 93(2):159-72. [PubMed: 11035234]  [MGI Ref ID J:106232]

Campbell MR; Nation PN; Andrew SE. 2005. A lack of DNA mismatch repair on an athymic murine background predisposes to hematologic malignancy. Cancer Res 65(7):2626-35. [PubMed: 15805259]  [MGI Ref ID J:97357]

Cao L; Deleo JA. 2008. CNS-infiltrating CD4(+) T lymphocytes contribute to murine spinal nerve transection-induced neuropathic pain. Eur J Immunol 38(2):448-458. [PubMed: 18196515]  [MGI Ref ID J:131283]

Chakkalath HR; Theodos CM; Markowitz JS; Grusby MJ; Glimcher LH; Titus RG. 1995. Class II major histocompatibility complex-deficient mice initially control an infection with Leishmania major but succumb to the disease. J Infect Dis 171(5):1302-8. [PubMed: 7751707]  [MGI Ref ID J:113036]

Chatterjea-Matthes D; Garcia-Ojeda ME; Dejbakhsh-Jones S; Jerabek L; Manz MG; Weissman IL; Strober S. 2003. Early defect prethymic in bone marrow T cell progenitors in athymic nu/nu mice. J Immunol 171(3):1207-15. [PubMed: 12874207]  [MGI Ref ID J:84656]

Cheng N; Bhowmick NA; Chytil A; Gorksa AE; Brown KA; Muraoka R; Arteaga CL; Neilson EG; Hayward SW; Moses HL. 2005. Loss of TGF-beta type II receptor in fibroblasts promotes mammary carcinoma growth and invasion through upregulation of TGF-alpha-, MSP- and HGF-mediated signaling networks. Oncogene 24(32):5053-68. [PubMed: 15856015]  [MGI Ref ID J:100115]

Cheng N; Chytil A; Shyr Y; Joly A; Moses HL. 2007. Enhanced hepatocyte growth factor signaling by type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor knockout fibroblasts promotes mammary tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 67(10):4869-77. [PubMed: 17495323]  [MGI Ref ID J:121735]

Clark EA; Shultz LD; Pollack SB. 1981. Mutations in mice that influence natural killer (NK) cell activity. Immunogenetics 12(5-6):601-13. [PubMed: 6971254]  [MGI Ref ID J:6485]

Clynes RA; Towers TL; Presta LG; Ravetch JV. 2000. Inhibitory Fc receptors modulate in vivo cytoxicity against tumor targets. Nat Med 6(4):443-6. [PubMed: 10742152]  [MGI Ref ID J:118052]

Cunliffe VT; Furley AJ; Keenan D. 2002. Complete rescue of the nude mutant phenotype by a wild-type Foxn1 transgene. Mamm Genome 13(5):245-52. [PubMed: 12016512]  [MGI Ref ID J:76560]

Dajani R; Sanlioglu S; Zhang Y; Li Q; Monick MM; Lazartigues E; Eggleston T; Davisson RL; Hunninghake GW; Engelhardt JF. 2007. Pleiotropic functions of TNF-alpha determine distinct IKKbeta-dependent hepatocellular fates in response to LPS. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292(1):G242-52. [PubMed: 16935850]  [MGI Ref ID J:120596]

Danilenko DM; Ring BD; Yanagihara D; Benson W; Wiemann B; Starnes CO; Pierce GF. 1995. Keratinocyte growth factor is an important endogenous mediator of hair follicle growth, development, and differentiation. Normalization of the nu/nu follicular differentiation defect and amelioration of chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Am J Pathol 147(1):145-54. [PubMed: 7604876]  [MGI Ref ID J:27782]

De Palma M; Venneri MA; Galli R; Sergi LS; Politi LS; Sampaolesi M; Naldini L. 2005. Tie2 identifies a hematopoietic lineage of proangiogenic monocytes required for tumor vessel formation and a mesenchymal population of pericyte progenitors. Cancer Cell 8(3):211-26. [PubMed: 16169466]  [MGI Ref ID J:102241]

Defosse DL; Duray PH; Johnson RC. 1992. The NIH-3 immunodeficient mouse is a model for Lyme borreliosis myositis and carditis. Am J Pathol 141(1):3-10. [PubMed: 1632468]  [MGI Ref ID J:1423]

Desurmont C; Caillaud JM; Emmanuel F; Benoit P; Fruchart JC; Castro G; Branellec D; Heard JM; Duverger N. 2000. Complete atherosclerosis regression after human ApoE gene transfer in ApoE-Deficient/Nude mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20(2):435-42. [PubMed: 10669641]  [MGI Ref ID J:60479]

Djian P; Easley K; Green H. 2000. Targeted ablation of the murine involucrin gene J Cell Biol 151(2):381-8. [PubMed: 11038184]  [MGI Ref ID J:65192]

Dooley J; Erickson M; Roelink H; Farr AG. 2005. Nude thymic rudiment lacking functional foxn1 resembles respiratory epithelium. Dev Dyn 233(4):1605-12. [PubMed: 15986478]  [MGI Ref ID J:99631]

Dubey JP; Liddell S; Mattson D; Speert CA; Howe DK; Jenkins MC. 2001. Characterization of the Oregon isolate of Neospora hughesi from a horse. J Parasitol 87(2):345-53. [PubMed: 11318565]  [MGI Ref ID J:109880]

Dunn LL; Sekyere EO; Rahmanto YS; Richardson DR. 2006. The function of melanotransferrin: a role in melanoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 27(11):2157-69. [PubMed: 16704991]  [MGI Ref ID J:114955]

Emoto Y; Emoto M; Miyamoto M; Yoshizawa I; Kaufmann SH. 2004. Functionally active CD8alphabeta+ TCRgammadelta intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in athymic nu/nu mice. Int Immunol 16(1):111-7. [PubMed: 14688066]  [MGI Ref ID J:87262]

Engel AM; Svane IM; Mouritsen S; Rygaard J; Clausen J; Werdelin O. 1996. Methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas in nude mice have short induction times and relatively low levels of surface MHC class I expression. APMIS 104(9):629-39. [PubMed: 8972687]  [MGI Ref ID J:37948]

Ericsson A; Kotarsky K; Svensson M; Sigvardsson M; Agace W. 2006. Functional characterization of the CCL25 promoter in small intestinal epithelial cells suggests a regulatory role for caudal-related homeobox (Cdx) transcription factors. J Immunol 176(6):3642-51. [PubMed: 16517733]  [MGI Ref ID J:129504]

Fernandez NC; Lozier A; Flament C; Ricciardi-Castagnoli P; Bellet D; Suter M; Perricaudet M; Tursz T; Maraskovsky E; Zitvogel L. 1999. Dendritic cells directly trigger NK cell functions: cross-talk relevant in innate anti-tumor immune responses in vivo. Nat Med 5(4):405-11. [PubMed: 10202929]  [MGI Ref ID J:54135]

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Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Room Number           AX30

Colony Maintenance

Mating System	Heterozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male)
Diet Information	LabDiet® 5K52/5K67

Purchasing information

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions

Pricing

Supply Details

Standard Supply	Level 3. Up to 50 mice. Larger quantities or custom orders arranged upon request.
Supply Notes	Shipped at a specific age in weeks. Mice at a precise age in days, littermates and retired breeders are also available. Strains that must be genotyped are not available until five to seven weeks of age. Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.
Important Note	This strain is segregating for Foxn1nu.

Control Information

	Control
	Heterozygote from the colony
Considerations for Choosing Controls
USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.

General Terms and Conditions

See Terms of Use

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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Ordering and Purchasing Information

      Purchasing Information
      JAX^® Mice Orders
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Contact Information
Orders & Technical Support
Tel: 800.422.6423 or 207.288.5845
Fax: 207.288.6150
Technical Support Email Form

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

General Terms and Conditions

Contact information

General inquiries

Contracts Administration

phone:	207-288-6470
fax:	207-288-6655

JAX^® Mice & Services Conditions of Use

“Each recipient institution, including its employees and other researchers under its control (RECIPIENT), of mice or services using mice from The Jackson Laboratory (TJL) agrees that such mice, descendants of those mice derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, including unmodified derivatives of those mice or their descendants (“MICE”) shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research of the RECIPIENT, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services with respect to MICE. Acceptance of MICE from TJL shall be deemed agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires The Jackson Laboratory’s prior written authorization.”

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of MICE, products or services, The Jackson Laboratory will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the MICE or product received or the services provided.

No Liability

In no event shall The Jackson Laboratory, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, products or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of The Jackson Laboratory, its agents or employees. In purchasing or receiving MICE, products or services from The Jackson Laboratory, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges The Jackson Laboratory from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify The Jackson Laboratory from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE and biological materials are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to The Jackson Laboratory’s MICE, products and services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, products and services may be set forth separately in The Jackson Laboratory web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, products and services by The Jackson Laboratory, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, products or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on The Jackson Laboratory, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, products services by The Jackson Laboratory.