Mammalian Phenotype Terms assigned by genotype
Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc
B6.129P2-Apoetm1Unc/J
- life span-post-weaning/aging
- premature death
(J:73202)
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- abnormal aorta morphology
(J:101576)
- at 24 weeks of age, homozygotes fed a normal diet (but not similarly-fed C57BL/6J control mice) show obvious atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus and ascending aorta
- the number of atherosclerotic lesions in aortic sinus and ascending aorta is significantly increased in homozygotes fed an atherosclerotic diet vs a normal diet
- endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in mutant aortic wall is distinctly reduced
- abnormal blood flow velocity
(J:108154)
- anesthetized homozygotes show significantly increased transaortic blood velocities relative to wild type mice with peak aortic velocity at 133.4 ± 7.8 cm/s vs 89.2 ± 5.8 cm/s, and mean aortic velocity at 35.9 ± 2.7 vs 22.0 ± 1.6 cm/s, respectively
- in addition, anesthetized homozygotes show significantly increased transmitral blood velocities relative to wild type mice with peak mitral velocities at 92 ± 7.2 cm/s vs 47.2 ± 5.3 cm/s, and mean mitral velocities at 20.6 ± 1.7 vs 11.4 ± 1.3 cm/s, respectively
- no significant differences in heart rate, peak aortic acceleration or ejection time are observed in the conscious or anesthetized state, when normalized to body weight
- however, homozygotes show alterations in aortic arch acceleration suggestive of increased peripheral wave reflections
- abnormal blood-brain barrier function
(J:69455)
- impairment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function
- impairment of blood-nerve barrier (BNB) function
- abnormal cardiac stroke volume
(J:108154)
- under anesthesia, homozygotes appear to exhibit significantly increased stroke volume
- abnormal spiral modiolar artery morphology
(J:101576)
- homozygotes fed an atherosclerotic diet develop atherosclerotic alterations in the spiral modiolar artery (SMA)
- in contrast, no such changes are detected in the SMA of homozygotes fed a normal diet
- spiral modiolar artery stenosis
(J:101576)
- lumen stenosis of the spiral modiolar artery in the cochlea is exacerbated by an atherosclerotic diet relative to a normal diet
- arteriosclerosis
(J:108154)
- homozygotes exhibit a 13% increase in aortic pulse-wave velocity (PWV) relative to wild type mice (428 ± 14.5 cm/s vs 379 ± 10.1 cm/s), indicating increased arterial stiffness and reduced vascular elasticity
- atherosclerotic lesions
(J:73202)
- advanced atherosclerotic lesions
- at 13 months, homozygotes display atherosclerotic lesions extending from the carotid arteries, heart, and aorta down to the renal arteries and the iliac bifurcation
- lesions are most severe in the proximal aorta and at the bifurcation of carotid arteries; the proximal carotid arteries are relatively free of lesions
- regular exercise does not reduce atherosclerotic lesion formation in homozygotes, as shown by a comparable % oil red-O staining of whole aortas from sedentary and exercised mutant mice
- at 24 weeks of age, homozygotes fed a normal diet (but not similarly-fed C57BL/6J control mice) show obvious atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic sinus and ascending aorta
- the number of atherosclerotic lesions in aortic sinus and ascending aorta is significantly increased in homozygotes fed an atherosclerotic diet vs a normal diet
- plaques in the luminal surface of the aorta are significantly larger in atherosclerotic diet homozygotes than in normal diet homozygotes
- increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis
(J:101576)
- severity of atherosclerosis is 2-fold and 99-fold higher in atherosclerotic diet homozygotes than in normal diet homozygotes and C57BL/6J control mice, respectively
- cardiac hypertrophy
(J:108154)
- at 13 months, homozygotes show a 59% increase in heart weight-to-body weight ratio relative to wild type mice
- decreased systemic vascular resistance
(J:108154)
- under anesthesia, homozygotes appear to exhibit significantly reduced peripheral vascular resistance and compliance in the presence of normal blood pressures
- decreased vasodilation
(J:101576)
- homozygotes fed a normal or atherosclerotic diet show severely impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in aortic rings relative to age-matched C57BL/6J control mice
- increased cardiac output
(J:108154)
- under anesthesia, homozygotes exhibit elevated flow velocities suggesting elevated cardiac output
- increased heart weight
(J:108154)
- at 13 months, homozygotes show a 23% increase in heart weight relative to wild type mice (186 ± 7.1 vs. 151 ± 2.5 mg)
- vascular stenosis
(J:101576)
- vascular stenosis is significantly increased in homozygotes fed an atherosclerotic diet vs a normal diet
- spiral modiolar artery stenosis
(J:101576)
- lumen stenosis of the spiral modiolar artery in the cochlea is exacerbated by an atherosclerotic diet relative to a normal diet
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- abnormal circulating cholesterol level
(J:73202)
- decreased HDL/total cholesterol ratio
- decreased HDL/LDL ratio
- increased circulating cholesterol level
(J:73202)
- increasing with age
- exercise (15 or 60 min/day swim) causes no significant changes in total cholesterol levels among homozygotes or wild type mice relative to sedentary, genotype-matched controls
- on a normal diet, homozygotes display significantly increased plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels relative to C57BL/6J control mice
- on an atherosclerotic diet, homozygotes show a further significant increase in plasma TC levels relative to homozygotes on a normal diet
- increased circulating LDL cholesterol level
(J:93987)
- on a normal diet, homozygotes display significantly increased plasma LDL cholesterol levels relative to C57BL/6J control mice
- on an atherosclerotic diet, homozygotes show a further significant increase in plasma LDL levels relative to homozygotes on a normal diet
- increased circulating VLDL cholesterol level
(J:93987)
- on a normal diet, homozygotes display significantly increased plasma VLDL cholesterol levels relative to C57BL/6J control mice
- on an atherosclerotic diet, homozygotes show a further significant increase in plasma VLDL cholesterol levels relative to homozygotes on a normal diet
- abnormal circulating homocysteine level
(J:73202)
- decreased plasma total homocysteine levels
- decreased circulating glucose level
(J:73202)
- decreased circulating triglyceride level
(J:93987)
- hyperlipidemia
(J:101576)
- homozygotes develop hyperlipidemia; however, HDL cholesterol levels, body weight and blood glucose remain unchanged relative to C57BL/6J control mice on a normal diet, with no further differences noted on an atheroscletoric diet
- increased circulating triglyceride level
(J:73202)
- in plasma
- on a normal diet, homozygotes display significantly increased plasma triglyceride levels relative to C57BL/6J control mice
- on an atherosclerotic diet, homozygotes show a further significant increase in plasma triglyceride levels relative to homozygotes on a normal diet
- skin/coat/nails phenotype
- skin lesions
(J:73202)
- eruptive xanthomas on shoulder and back areas with lipids and extracellular matix as the predominant components
- growth/size phenotype
- decreased body weight
(J:108154)
- at 13 months, homozygotes show a 22% reduction in body weight relative to wild type mice (34.5 ± 0.9 vs. 44.5 ± 1.1 g)
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- decreased hematocrit
(J:108154)
- at 13 months, awake, unanesthetized homozygotes display slightly but significantly reduced hematocrits ( 11%) relative to wild type mice at 41.7 ± 1.1% vs 46.6 ± 0.4%; in contrast, systolic blood pressures remain unaffected (140 ± 7.6 mmHg vs 136 ± 7.4 mmHg)
- cellular phenotype
- oxidative stress
(J:97385)
- regular exercise fails to reduce endogenous oxidant load and mitochondrial damage in hypercholesterolemic mutant mice
- in contrast, regular exercise results in reduced mitochondrial damage and oxidant load and increased SOD2 and adenine nucleotide translocator activities in normocholesterolemic control mice
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- abnormal cochlea morphology
(J:101576)
- endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in mutant cochlea is distinctly reduced
- abnormal basilar membrane
(J:101576)
- on an atherosclerotic diet, homozygotes display a sclerosed and atrophic basilar membrane
- abnormal stria vascularis
(J:101576)
- on an atherosclerotic diet, homozygotes display a sclerosed and atrophic stria vascularis
- abnormal tectorial membrane morphology
(J:101576)
- on an atherosclerotic diet, homozygotes display a sclerosed and atrophic tectorial membrane
- cochlear inner hair cell degeneration
(J:101576)
- at 24 weeks, homozygotes fed a normal diet show almost complete loss of IHCs in the basal turn and some IHC loss in the middle turn
- IHC loss at the base turn is exacerbated by an atherosclerotic diet
- cochlear outer hair cell degeneration
(J:101576)
- at 24 weeks, homozygotes fed a normal diet show almost complete loss of OHCs in the basal turn and some OHC loss in the middle turn
- OHC loss at the base turn is exacerbated by an atherosclerotic diet
- organ of Corti degeneration
(J:101576)
- at 24 weeks, homozygotes fed a normal diet show significant degeneration of the organ of Corti in the basal turn while the middle turn is relatively normal
- degeneration of the organ of Corti is excerbated by an atherosclerotic diet, with complete loss noted in the basal turn in some animals
- deafness
(J:101576)
- homozygotes fed a normal diet display hearing loss esp. at high frequencies as compared with C57BL/6J control mice
- a high positive correlation between ABR thresholds at 16 and 8 kHz, or click and atherosclerotic lesions, and atherosclerotic plaque area of the aorta, and plasma total choelsterol levels is observed in both normal diet and high-fat diet homozygotes
- decreased brainstem auditory evoked potential
(J:101576)
- at 10 weeks, homozygotes fed a normal diet display higher ABR thresholds than C57BL/6J control mice at all test frequencies, with more hearing loss noted at 32 kHz; by 24 weeks, further hearing loss is detected at all test stimuli levels
- homozygotes fed an atherosclerotic diet show higher ABR thresholds than homozygotes fed a normal diet
- nervous system phenotype
- abnormal blood-brain barrier function
(J:69455)
- impairment of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function
- impairment of blood-nerve barrier (BNB) function
- cochlear ganglion degeneration
(J:101576)
- at 24 weeks, homozygotes fed a normal diet show a reduced number of spiral ganglion cells in the basal turn of the cochlea
- loss of ganglion cells is excerbated by an atherosclerotic diet
- cochlear inner hair cell degeneration
(J:101576)
- at 24 weeks, homozygotes fed a normal diet show almost complete loss of IHCs in the basal turn and some IHC loss in the middle turn
- IHC loss at the base turn is exacerbated by an atherosclerotic diet
- cochlear outer hair cell degeneration
(J:101576)
- at 24 weeks, homozygotes fed a normal diet show almost complete loss of OHCs in the basal turn and some OHC loss in the middle turn
- OHC loss at the base turn is exacerbated by an atherosclerotic diet
Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc
either: B6.129P2-Apoetm1Unc/J or (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J * ICR)
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- *normal* behavior/neurological phenotype
(J:100975)
- no alterations in passive avoidance learning are observed; coordination levels measured in rotorod tests are similar to wild-type
- abnormal spatial learning
(J:100975)
- 6-month old female mice show subtle learning impairment in water maze task compared to transgenic mutants; 6-month old males show significantly decreased learning ability in the Morris water maze test
- decreased vertical activity
(J:100975)
- mice have fewer rearing events and shorter rearing times than wild-type controls
- nervous system phenotype
- *normal* nervous system phenotype
(J:100975)
- mice exhibit age-dependent loss of synaptophysin-reactive terminals and microtubule-associated protein 2-positive neuronal dendrites in the neocortex and hippocampus
- upon 18 mg/kg kainic acid injection, significant loss of neocortical synaptophysin-positive presynaptic terminals and disruption of hippocampal axons are observed, similar to wild-type
- mice show significant loss of synaptophysin-positive presynaptic terminals and neuronal dendrites of the neocortex and hippocampus with age (7-9 months compared to 3-4 months)
Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc
B6.129P2-Apoetm1Unc
- immune system phenotype
- abnormal cell-mediated immunity
(J:125366)
- the immune response of mice fed a high fat diet to Leishmania major infection is skewed towards a Th2-type response
- in an adoptive transfer experiment, the proliferation of Tg(TcrLCMV)2Aox CD45.2+ cell in mice fed a high fat diet and receiving then immunized with GP61-80 peptide with CpG is reduced compared to in wild type mice similarly treated
- abnormal dendritic cell physiology
(J:125366)
- dendrictic cells mount reduced IL-12p40 and TNF-alpha responses to stimulation with zymosan, poly(I:C), LPS, imiquimod, and a combination of anti-CD40 antibodies and CpG compared to wild type mice but similar to wild type mice fed a high fat diet
- in mice fed a high fat diet, dendritic cell production of IL-12p40, IL-6 and TNF-alpha after 35 to 40 weeks, but not after 6 to 10 weeks, is severely impaired compared to wild type cells in response to CpG/anti-CD-40 stimulation
- CD8alpha-, but not CD8alpha+, dendritic cells are defective in their ability to produce IL-12p40
- dendritic cells from mice on a high fat diet are severely impaired in their ability to produce Il-12p40, -12p70, -6, and TNF-alpha compared to dendritic cells from wild type mice on a high fat diet
- however, CD8alpha+ dendritic cells produce normal amounts of Il-12p70 and -12p40
- mice fed a high fat diet and co-stimulated with CpG or LPS have fewer IL-12p40-producing CD8alpha- dendritic cells (4.6+/-1.1%) than wild type mice fed a high fat diet (15.3+/-2.4%)
- however, the immune responses of bone marrow derived dendritic cells from mice fed a high fat diet or splenic dendritic cells from mice fed a regular diet are normal
- increased CD4-positive T cell number
(J:125366)
- mice maintained on a high fat diet and infect with Leishmania major generate more IL-4 and IL-5 producing CD4+ T cells compared to wild type mice
- increased susceptibility to parasitic infection
(J:125366)
- mice maintained on a high fat diet and infect with Leishmania major produce more IL-4 and IL-5 producing CD4+ T cells compared to wild type mice
- the immune response of mice fed a high fat diet to Leishmania major infection is skewed towards a Th2-type response
- mice maintained on a high fat diet or regular chow and infect with Leishmania major exhibit an increased swelling and parasitic burden at the site of infection (footpad)
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- abnormal lipid level
(J:125366)
- mice have increased levels of circulating oxidized lipids compared to wild type mice
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- abnormal locomotor activity
(J:71062)
- mice spend more time than Tg(GFAP-APOE*4)Hol Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc in the center of an open field
- abnormal response to new environment
(J:71062)
- mice consume food slower in a new environment than Tg(GFAP-APOE*4)Hol Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc and wild type mice
- mice require more time to habituate to a novel environment compared to wild type mice
- mice are less reluctant than wild type mice to move into an open area
- abnormal spatial learning
(J:71062)
- at 14 to 17 months of age, mice perform better than Tg(GFAP-APOE*4)Hol Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc and wild type mice in a rotating holeboard test
- decreased startle reflex
(J:71062)
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- decreased startle reflex
(J:71062)
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- increased CD4-positive T cell number
(J:125366)
- mice maintained on a high fat diet and infect with Leishmania major generate more IL-4 and IL-5 producing CD4+ T cells compared to wild type mice
The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX® Mice strain.
Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc
either: 129P2/OlaHsd-Apoetm1Unc or (involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J)
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- atherosclerotic lesions
(J:43846)
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- xanthoma
(J:43846)
- 3 of 15 aged mice (17 months) fed conventional chow exhibit small choroidal xanthomas
- aged mice (15 - 23 months) kept on a high fat/high cholesterol diet from age 17 weeks exhibit cerebral xanthomatous lesions, consisting of crystalline cholesterol clefts, lipid globules and foam cells
Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- atherosclerotic lesions
(J:80689)
- greater than in wild-type
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- hyperlipidemia
(J:80689)
- increased circulating cholesterol level
(J:80689)
- increased circulating triglyceride level
(J:80689)
- nervous system phenotype
- abnormal glial cell physiology
(J:58019)
- astrocytes secrete less phospholipids or free cholesterol compared to wild type astrocytes
Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- increased anxiety-related response
(J:101973)
- in the elevated-plus maze, mice show increased anxiety with reduced time and distance moved in the open arms; mice have significantly lower number of open-arm entries than wild-type
- effect is age-dependent; phenotype is present in older mice, but not in young 2-4 month-old mice
- increased startle reflex
(J:101973)
- response is higher in mice at 6 months of age compared to wild-type
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- increased startle reflex
(J:101973)
- response is higher in mice at 6 months of age compared to wild-type
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- decreased cerebral infarction size
(J:133156)
- compared to in Tg(Eno2-APP751)10Cord Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc mice
- increased circulating corticosterone level
(J:101973)
- all males have higher plasma concentrations than wild-type after behavioral testing
- nervous system phenotype
- abnormal dendrite morphology
(J:101973)
- mutants have lower levels of MAP 2-positive neuronal dendrites than wild-type; at 3 months, levels are similar in mutants and controls
- decreased cerebral infarction size
(J:133156)
- compared to in Tg(Eno2-APP751)10Cord Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc mice
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- increased susceptibility to atherosclerosis
(J:107390)
- bone marrow transplanted into Apoa1tm1Unc homozygotes confer susceptibility to atherosclerosis
Apoetm1Unc/Apoetm1Unc
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- atherosclerotic lesions
(J:66419)
- most severe in the aortic arch region
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