Description

Strain Information

Type Mutant Stock; Targeted Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered Mutant Mice. Species laboratory mouse Generation N?+5   Donating Investigator Gerald Kidder,   University of Wesern Ontario

Appearance
white-bellied agouti
Related Genotype: A^w/A^w

Description
Mice homozygous for the Gja1^tm1Kdr targeted mutation die at birth. The cause of death is a failure in pulmonary gas exchange caused by a swelling and blockage of the right ventricular outflow tract from the heart. The cardiac abnormality involves a delay in the normal looping of the ascending limb of the heart tube, which includes the right ventricle and the outflow tract. This predisposes homozygous mutant mice to malformations of the subpulmonary outflow tract and tricuspid valve. The mutation also predisposes mice to lens cataracts and causes a severe reduction of germ cell numbers in homozygous mutant mice of both sexes. Both neonatal and adult mice heterozygous for the Gja1^tm1Kdr targeted mutation have slower ventricular epicardial conduction of paced beats in the heart.

Development
The Gja1^tm1Kdr mutant strain was developed in the laboratory of Dr. Gerald Kidder and Dr. Janet Rossant at The University of Western Ontario. The 129X1/SvJ x 129S1/Sv-derived R1 ES cell line was used.

Control Information

	Control
	Wild-type from the colony
	101045 B6129SF2/J	(approximate)
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying other alleles of Gja1

008039

B6.129S7-Gja1tm1Dlg/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Gja1     (1 strain)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms

      assigned by genotype

Gja1^tm1Kdr/Gja1⁺

        involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6

• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal coronary artery morphology (MGI Ref ID J:112454)
  • 22 of 25 show various defects in patterning of the coronary arteries, including abnormal origin and course of the main coronary artery stems, multiple accessory coronary arteries, and dual septal-conal branches
• abnormal impulse conducting system conduction (MGI Ref ID J:39599)
  • in neonatal heterozygotes, ventricular epicardial conduction of paced beats is 30% slower than in wild-type neonates
  • in adult (6-9 mo-old) heterozygotes, ventricular epicardial conduction is 44% slower than in wild-type hearts; no differences are observed in refractory periods
  • no apparent differences in wall thickness or the orientation or fiber curvature in the three muscle layers of the left ventricle are observed
• abnormal QRS complex (MGI Ref ID J:39599)
  • standard 3-lead surface ECGs from adult heterozygotes indicate a significantly prolonged QRS interval relative to wild-type mice (13.4±1.8 ms vs 11.5±1.4 ms, respectively)
  • no differences are observed in spontaneous heart rates either during isolated heart studies in vitro or by electrocardiography
  • no differences are noted in atrioventricular conduction times in isolated neonatal heterozygous hearts, or in PQ intervals in adult ECG studies
  • whole-cell recordings display no differences in any action potential parameters in ventricular myocytes isolated from neonatal heterozygous and wild-type mice

Gja1^tm1Kdr/Gja1^tm1Kdr

        involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6

• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal suckling behavior (MGI Ref ID J:39599)
  • newborn homozygotes fail to feed and are cast aside by their mothers
• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal cardiovascular system physiology (MGI Ref ID J:39599)
  • attempts to record spontaneous or paced electrical activity in neonatal homozygous mutant hearts were unsuccessful, suggesting severe functional defects

Gja1^tm1Kdr/Gja1^tm1Kdr

        involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL

• skeleton phenotype
• abnormal osteoblast differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • cultured calvaria osteoblasts show a decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity, indicating abnormal differentiation
• abnormal osteoblast physiology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • gap junctional communication is impaired in osteoblasts as indicated by minimal cell to cell transmission of calcein
  • calvarial osteoblasts grown in mineralization medium show a reduced capacity to form mineralized nodules
• abnormal rib morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • ribs appear jagged-shaped and slightly thinner at E15.5
• abnormal skull morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • flattened skull
• abnormal neurocranium morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • cranial bones originating from migratory neural crest cells are hypoplastic, leaving an open foramen at birth
• abnormal alisphenoid bone morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • misshapen at birth
• abnormal calvaria morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • small calvarium
• abnormal occipital bone morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • mutants have a more prominent cartilaginous anlage of the occipital bone
• abnormal parietal bone morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • open parietal foramen
  • thinner, brittle parietal bones with reduced diploic space
• small parietal bone (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
• abnormal zygomatic arch morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • misshapen
• interparietal bone hypoplasia (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
• small frontal bone (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
• short maxilla (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • maxillary bones are slightly smaller
• short zygomatic bone (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • jugal bone of the zygomatic arch is shorter, resulting in a misshapen zygomatic arch
• small mandible (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • smaller at E18.5 and at birth
• small nasal bone (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • slightly smaller
• small skull (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • smaller at E18.5
• abnormal thoracic cage (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • the thoracic cage is more brittle at E15.5
• abnormal tooth development (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • incisor teeth are not visible at E18.5 as they are in wild-type, and although they are visible at birth, they are less prominent
• delayed bone ossification (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • delayed ossification of the calvarium bones, clavicles, ribs, vertebrae, and limbs
• delayed endochondral bone ossification (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • bone segments formed by endochondral ossification, including pterygoid, alisphenoid, and basisphenoid, show delayed ossification
  • endochondral ossification of the axial skeleton is delayed by 1-2 days, but is normal by birth
• delayed intramembranous bone ossification (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • intramembranous ossification of the cranial vault and the clavicle is delayed
• craniofacial phenotype
• abnormal incisor morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • lower incisors are not as prominent at birth as in wild-type
• abnormal skull morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • flattened skull
• abnormal neurocranium morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • cranial bones originating from migratory neural crest cells are hypoplastic, leaving an open foramen at birth
• abnormal alisphenoid bone morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • misshapen at birth
• abnormal calvaria morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • small calvarium
• abnormal occipital bone morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • mutants have a more prominent cartilaginous anlage of the occipital bone
• abnormal parietal bone morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • open parietal foramen
  • thinner, brittle parietal bones with reduced diploic space
• small parietal bone (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
• abnormal zygomatic arch morphology (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • misshapen
• interparietal bone hypoplasia (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
• small frontal bone (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
• short maxilla (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • maxillary bones are slightly smaller
• short zygomatic bone (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • jugal bone of the zygomatic arch is shorter, resulting in a misshapen zygomatic arch
• small mandible (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • smaller at E18.5 and at birth
• small nasal bone (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • slightly smaller
• small skull (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • smaller at E18.5
• abnormal tooth development (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • incisor teeth are not visible at E18.5 as they are in wild-type, and although they are visible at birth, they are less prominent
• pointed snout (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • slightly smaller and pointed snout
• hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
• decreased tympanic ring size (MGI Ref ID J:65866)
  • smaller and thinner at birth

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Gja1^tm1Kdr/Gja1^tm1Kdr

        involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ

• lethality-prenatal/perinatal
• neonatal lethality (MGI Ref ID J:24121)
  • homozygotes survive to term but die shortly after birth of cyanosis caused by right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
  • homozygotes delivered by Cesarian section die shortly after delivery; occasionally, pups survive up to 5 hrs after birth
• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal outflow tract development (MGI Ref ID J:24121)
  • at E16.5 and at term, homozygotes exhibit a consistent conus defect, manifest as an enlarged right ventricular outflow tract
  • at term, the enlarged right ventricular cavity is abnormally filled with intraventicular septae that divide the tract into separate, interconnected or blind-ended chambers
• abnormal pulmonary valve morphology (MGI Ref ID J:24121)
  • newborns display an obstruction of the subpulmonary right ventricular outflow tract from the heart to the newly ventilated lungs resulting in failure of pulmonary gas exchange
• abnormal ventricular trabeculae morphology (MGI Ref ID J:24121)
  • mutant hearts display a slight increase in trabeculation of the right ventricle relative to wild-type or heterozygous hearts
• respiratory system phenotype
• abnormal breathing (MGI Ref ID J:24121)
  • homozygous mutant pups exhibit labored breathing and swollen abdomens and stomach
• abnormal pulmonary gas exchange (MGI Ref ID J:24121)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• cyanosis (MGI Ref ID J:24121)
  • homozygotes delivered by Cesarian section remain cyanotic until death
• edema (MGI Ref ID J:24121)
  • homozygous mutant pups are externally normal, except for some swelling in the neck area

Gja1^tm1Kdr/Gja1^tm1Kdr

        involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * CD-1

• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• impaired ovarian folliculogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:54458)
  • cultured neonatal ovaries failed to develop follicles with multuple layers of granulosa cells
• small ovary (MGI Ref ID J:54458)
• small testis (MGI Ref ID J:54458)
• reproductive system phenotype
• decreased germ cell number (MGI Ref ID J:54458)
  • reduced number of germ cells in the fetal gonads of both sexes
• impaired ovarian folliculogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:54458)
  • cultured neonatal ovaries failed to develop follicles with multuple layers of granulosa cells
• small ovary (MGI Ref ID J:54458)
• small testis (MGI Ref ID J:54458)

Gja1^tm1Kdr/Gja1^tm1Kdr

        involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * CD-1

• reproductive system phenotype
• abnormal spermatogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:71071)

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Gja1^tm1Kdr related

Cardiovascular Research
Heart Abnormalities

Developmental Biology Research
Internal/Organ Defects (heart)

Internal/Organ Research
Heart Abnormalities

Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
visceroatrial heterotaxia, autosomal recessive

Reproductive Biology Research
Developmental Defects Affecting Gonads
Fertility Defects

Sensorineural Research
Cataracts

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol		Gja1tm1Kdr
Allele Name		targeted mutation 1, Gerald M Kidder
Allele Type		Targeted (knock-out)
Common Name(s)		Cx43-; Cx43aplha1KO;
Mutation Made By		Gerald Kidder,   University of Wesern Ontario
Strain of Origin		(129X1/SvJ x 129S1/Sv)F1-Kitl<+>
ES Cell Line Name		R1
ES Cell Line Strain		(129X1/SvJ x 129S1/Sv)F1-Kitl<+>
Gene Symbol and Name		Gja1, gap junction protein, alpha 1
Chromosome		10
Gene Common Name(s)		AU042049; AW546267; CX43; Cx43alpha1; DFNB38; GJAL; Gja-1; MGC93610; ODDD; alpha 1 connexin; connexin 43; connexin43; expressed sequence AU042049; expressed sequence AW546267;
Molecular Note		A promoterless neomycin gene was inserted in-frame into exon 2. [MGI Ref ID J:24121]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Gja^tm1Kdr, STD PCR, vers. 2

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Selected Reference(s)

Reaume AG; de Sousa PA; Kulkarni S; Langille BL; Zhu D; Davies TC; Juneja SC; Kidder GM; Rossant J. 1995. Cardiac malformation in neonatal mice lacking connexin43 [see comments] Science 267(5205):1831-4. [PubMed: 7892609]  [MGI Ref ID J:24121]

Additional References

Guerrero PA; Schuessler RB; Davis LM; Beyer EC; Johnson CM; Yamada KA ; Saffitz JE. 1997. Slow ventricular conduction in mice heterozygous for a connexin43 null mutation. J Clin Invest 99(8):1991-8. [PubMed: 9109444]  [MGI Ref ID J:39599]

Gja1^tm1Kdr related

. 1995. Cardiac malformations in mice and men with reduced or mutant connexin43 [news] Circulation 92(2):154. [PubMed: 7600644]  [MGI Ref ID J:27783]

Ackert CL; Gittens JE; O'Brien MJ; Eppig JJ; Kidder GM. 2001. Intercellular communication via connexin43 gap junctions is required for ovarian folliculogenesis in the mouse. Dev Biol 233(2):258-70. [PubMed: 11336494]  [MGI Ref ID J:69469]

Avanzo JL; Mesnil M; Hernandez-Blazquez FJ; Mackowiak II; Mori CM; da Silva TC; Oloris SC; Garate AP; Massironi SM; Yamasaki H; Dagli ML. 2004. Increased susceptibility to urethane-induced lung tumors in mice with decreased expression of connexin43. Carcinogenesis 25(10):1973-82. [PubMed: 15166089]  [MGI Ref ID J:93628]

Beauchamp P; Choby C; Desplantez T; de Peyer K; Green K; Yamada KA; Weingart R; Saffitz JE; Kleber AG. 2004. Electrical propagation in synthetic ventricular myocyte strands from germline connexin43 knockout mice. Circ Res 95(2):170-8. [PubMed: 15192022]  [MGI Ref ID J:99891]

Beauchamp P; Yamada KA; Baertschi AJ; Green K; Kanter EM; Saffitz JE; Kleber AG. 2006. Relative contributions of connexins 40 and 43 to atrial impulse propagation in synthetic strands of neonatal and fetal murine cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 99(11):1216-24. [PubMed: 17053190]  [MGI Ref ID J:129088]

Carter KC; Post DJ; Papaconstantinou J. 1991. Differential expression of the mouse alpha 1-acid glycoprotein genes (AGP-1 and AGP-2) during inflammation and aging. Biochim Biophys Acta 1089(2):197-205. [PubMed: 2054382]  [MGI Ref ID J:11263]

Chadjichristos CE; Matter CM; Roth I; Sutter E; Pelli G; Luscher TF; Chanson M; Kwak BR. 2006. Reduced connexin43 expression limits neointima formation after balloon distension injury in hypercholesterolemic mice. Circulation 113(24):2835-43. [PubMed: 16769907]  [MGI Ref ID J:122443]

Charollais A; Serre V; Mock C; Cogne F; Bosco D; Meda P. 1999. Loss of alpha 1 connexin does not alter the prenatal differentiation of pancreatic beta cells and leads to the identification of another islet cell connexin. Dev Genet 24(1-2):13-26. [PubMed: 10079507]  [MGI Ref ID J:53372]

Clauss SB; Walker DL; Kirby ML; Schimel D; Lo CW. 2006. Patterning of coronary arteries in wildtype and connexin43 knockout mice. Dev Dyn 235(10):2786-2794. [PubMed: 16802337]  [MGI Ref ID J:112454]

Dai P; Nakagami T; Tanaka H; Hitomi T; Takamatsu T. 2007. Cx43 mediates TGF-beta signaling through competitive Smads binding to microtubules. Mol Biol Cell 18(6):2264-73. [PubMed: 17429065]  [MGI Ref ID J:127487]

Dermietzel R; Gao Y; Scemes E; Vieira D; Urban M; Kremer M; Bennett MV; Spray DC. 2000. Connexin43 null mice reveal that astrocytes express multiple connexins. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 32(1):45-56. [PubMed: 10751656]  [MGI Ref ID J:62243]

Eloff BC; Lerner DL; Yamada KA; Schuessler RB; Saffitz JE; Rosenbaum DS. 2001. High resolution optical mapping reveals conduction slowing in connexin43 deficient mice. Cardiovasc Res 51(4):681-90. [PubMed: 11530101]  [MGI Ref ID J:102530]

Ewart JL; Cohen MF; Meyer RA; Huang GY; Wessels A; Gourdie RG ; Chin AJ ; Park SM ; Lazatin BO ; Villabon S ; Lo CW. 1997. Heart and neural tube defects in transgenic mice overexpressing the Cx43 gap junction gene. Development 124(7):1281-92. [PubMed: 9118799]  [MGI Ref ID J:40388]

Fushiki S; Perez Velazquez JL; Zhang L; Bechberger JF; Carlen PL; Naus CC. 2003. Changes in neuronal migration in neocortex of connexin43 null mutant mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 62(3):304-14. [PubMed: 12638734]  [MGI Ref ID J:104850]

Gao Y; Spray DC. 1998. Structural changes in lenses of mice lacking the gap junction protein connexin43. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 39(7):1198-209. [PubMed: 9620080]  [MGI Ref ID J:48407]

Gittens JE; Barr KJ; Vanderhyden BC; Kidder GM. 2005. Interplay between paracrine signaling and gap junctional communication in ovarian follicles. J Cell Sci 118(Pt 1):113-22. [PubMed: 15585573]  [MGI Ref ID J:94692]

Guerrero PA; Schuessler RB; Davis LM; Beyer EC; Johnson CM; Yamada KA ; Saffitz JE. 1997. Slow ventricular conduction in mice heterozygous for a connexin43 null mutation. J Clin Invest 99(8):1991-8. [PubMed: 9109444]  [MGI Ref ID J:39599]

Gulinello M; Etgen AM. 2005. Sexually dimorphic hormonal regulation of the gap junction protein, CX43, in rats and altered female reproductive function in CX43+/- mice. Brain Res 1045(1-2):107-15. [PubMed: 15910768]  [MGI Ref ID J:98602]

Hirschi KK; Burt JM; Hirschi KD; Dai C. 2003. Gap junction communication mediates transforming growth factor-beta activation and endothelial-induced mural cell differentiation. Circ Res 93(5):429-37. [PubMed: 12919949]  [MGI Ref ID J:115688]

Houghton FD; Thonnissen E; Kidder GM; Naus CC; Willecke K; Winterhager E. 1999. Doubly mutant mice, deficient in connexin32 and -43, show normal prenatal development of organs where the two gap junction proteins are expressed in the same cells. Dev Genet 24(1-2):5-12. [PubMed: 10079506]  [MGI Ref ID J:53401]

Huang GY; Cooper ES; Waldo K; Kirby ML; Gilula NB; Lo CW. 1998. Gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication modulates mouse neural crest migration. J Cell Biol 143(6):1725-34. [PubMed: 9852163]  [MGI Ref ID J:51559]

Huang GY; Wessels A; Smith BR; Linask KK; Ewart JL; Lo CW. 1998. Alteration in connexin 43 gap junction gene dosage impairs conotruncal heart development. Dev Biol 198(1):32-44. [PubMed: 9640330]  [MGI Ref ID J:48087]

Iacobas DA; Iacobas S; Spray DC. 2007. Connexin43 and the brain transcriptome of newborn mice. Genomics 89(1):113-23. [PubMed: 17064878]  [MGI Ref ID J:121828]

Iacobas DA; Iacobas S; Urban-Maldonado M; Spray DC. 2005. Sensitivity of the brain transcriptome to connexin ablation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1711(2):183-96. [PubMed: 15955303]  [MGI Ref ID J:100244]

Isakson BE; Damon DN; Day KH; Liao Y; Duling BR. 2006. Connexin40 and connexin43 in mouse aortic endothelium: evidence for coordinated regulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290(3):H1199-205. [PubMed: 16284228]  [MGI Ref ID J:106716]

Johnson CM; Green KG; Kanter EM; Bou-Abboud E; Saffitz JE; Yamada KA. 1999. Voltage-gated Na+ channel activity and connexin expression in Cx43-deficient cardiac myocytes. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 10(10):1390-401. [PubMed: 10515564]  [MGI Ref ID J:59727]

Juneja SC; Barr KJ; Enders GC; Kidder GM. 1999. Defects in the germ line and gonads of mice lacking connexin43. Biol Reprod 60(5):1263-70. [PubMed: 10208994]  [MGI Ref ID J:54458]

Kahiri CN; Khalil MW; Tekpetey F; Kidder GM. 2006. Leydig cell function in mice lacking connexin43. Reproduction 132(4):607-616. [PubMed: 17008472]  [MGI Ref ID J:112888]

Kibschull M; Magin TM; Traub O; Winterhager E. 2005. Cx31 and Cx43 double-deficient mice reveal independent functions in murine placental and skin development. Dev Dyn 233(3):853-863. [PubMed: 15895417]  [MGI Ref ID J:98807]

Kirchhoff S; Kim JS; Hagendorff A; Thonnissen E; Kruger O; Lamers WH; Willecke K. 2000. Abnormal cardiac conduction and morphogenesis in connexin40 and connexin43 double-deficient mice. Circ Res 87(5):399-405. [PubMed: 10969038]  [MGI Ref ID J:110256]

Kwak BR; Veillard N; Pelli G; Mulhaupt F; James RW; Chanson M; Mach F. 2003. Reduced connexin43 expression inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Circulation 107(7):1033-9. [PubMed: 12600918]  [MGI Ref ID J:103052]

Lecanda F; Warlow PM; Sheikh S; Furlan F; Steinberg TH; Civitelli R. 2000. Connexin43 deficiency causes delayed ossification, craniofacial abnormalities, and osteoblast dysfunction. J Cell Biol 151(4):931-44. [PubMed: 11076975]  [MGI Ref ID J:65866]

Li J; Levin MD; Xiong Y; Petrenko N; Patel VV; Radice GL. 2008. N-cadherin haploinsufficiency affects cardiac gap junctions and arrhythmic susceptibility. J Mol Cell Cardiol 44(3):597-606. [PubMed: 18201716]  [MGI Ref ID J:133753]

Li WE; Waldo K; Linask KL; Chen T; Wessels A; Parmacek MS; Kirby ML; Lo CW. 2002. An essential role for connexin43 gap junctions in mouse coronary artery development. Development 129(8):2031-42. [PubMed: 11934868]  [MGI Ref ID J:75939]

Montecino-Rodriguez E; Leathers H; Dorshkind K. 2000. Expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) is critical for normal hematopoiesis. Blood 96(3):917-24. [PubMed: 10910905]  [MGI Ref ID J:63656]

Morley GE; Vaidya D; Jalife J. 2000. Characterization of conduction in the ventricles of normal and heterozygous Cx43 knockout mice using optical mapping. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11(3):375-7. [PubMed: 10749364]  [MGI Ref ID J:117467]

Morley GE; Vaidya D; Samie FH; Lo C; Delmar M; Jalife J. 1999. Characterization of conduction in the ventricles of normal and heterozygous Cx43 knockout mice using optical mapping [see comments] J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 10(10):1361-75. [PubMed: 10515561]  [MGI Ref ID J:59728]

Naus CC; Bechberger JF; Zhang Y; Venance L; Yamasaki H; Juneja SC; Kidder GM; Giaume C. 1997. Altered gap junctional communication, intercellular signaling, and growth in cultured astrocytes deficient in connexin43. J Neurosci Res 49(5):528-40. [PubMed: 9302074]  [MGI Ref ID J:50026]

Naus CC; Ozog MA; Bechberger JF; Nakase T. 2001. A neuroprotective role for gap junctions. Cell Commun Adhes 8(4-6):325-8. [PubMed: 12064612]  [MGI Ref ID J:117466]

Perez Velazquez JL; Frantseva M; Naus CC; Bechberger JF; Juneja SC; Velumian A; Carlen PL; Kidder GM; Mills LR. 1996. Development of astrocytes and neurons in cultured brain slices from mice lacking connexin43. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 97(2):293-6. [PubMed: 8997514]  [MGI Ref ID J:38048]

Roscoe WA; Barr KJ; Amir Mhawi A; Pomerantz DK; Kidder GM. 2001. Failure of spermatogenesis in mice lacking connexin43. Biol Reprod 65(3):829-38. [PubMed: 11514348]  [MGI Ref ID J:71071]

Saffitz JE; Green KG; Kraft WJ; Schechtman KB; Yamada KA. 2000. Effects of diminished expression of connexin43 on gap junction number and size in ventricular myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278(5):H1662-70. [PubMed: 10775147]  [MGI Ref ID J:62527]

Scemes E; Suadicani SO; Spray DC. 2000. Intercellular communication in spinal cord astrocytes: fine tuning between gap junctions and P2 nucleotide receptors in calcium wave propagation. J Neurosci 20(4):1435-45. [PubMed: 10662834]  [MGI Ref ID J:60289]

Schwanke U; Konietzka I; Duschin A; Li X; Schulz R; Heusch G. 2002. No ischemic preconditioning in heterozygous connexin43-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283(4):H1740-2. [PubMed: 12234831]  [MGI Ref ID J:108279]

Simon AM; McWhorter AR; Dones JA; Jackson CL; Chen H. 2004. Heart and head defects in mice lacking pairs of connexins. Dev Biol 265(2):369-83. [PubMed: 14732399]  [MGI Ref ID J:87369]

Siushansian R; Bechberger JF; Cechetto DF; Hachinski VC; Naus CC. 2001. Connexin43 null mutation increases infarct size after stroke. J Comp Neurol 440(4):387-94. [PubMed: 11745630]  [MGI Ref ID J:104138]

Theis M; Mas C; Doring B; Degen J; Brink C; Caille D; Charollais A; Kruger O; Plum A; Nepote V; Herrera P; Meda P; Willecke K. 2004. Replacement by a lacZ reporter gene assigns mouse connexin36, 45 and 43 to distinct cell types in pancreatic islets. Exp Cell Res 294(1):18-29. [PubMed: 14980497]  [MGI Ref ID J:128686]

Theis M; de Wit C; Schlaeger TM; Eckardt D; Kruger O; Doring B; Risau W; Deutsch U; Pohl U; Willecke K. 2001. Endothelium-specific replacement of the connexin43 coding region by a lacZ reporter gene. Genesis 29(1):1-13. [PubMed: 11135457]  [MGI Ref ID J:78662]

Tong D; Gittens JE; Kidder GM; Bai D. 2006. Patch-clamp study reveals that the importance of connexin43-mediated gap junctional communication for ovarian folliculogenesis is strain specific in the mouse. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 290(1):C290-7. [PubMed: 16135542]  [MGI Ref ID J:115738]

Tong D; Li TY; Naus KE; Bai D; Kidder GM. 2007. In vivo analysis of undocked connexin43 gap junction hemichannels in ovarian granulosa cells. J Cell Sci 120(Pt 22):4016-24. [PubMed: 17971414]  [MGI Ref ID J:128429]

Vaidya D; Tamaddon HS; Lo CW; Taffet SM; Delmar M; Morley GE; Jalife J. 2001. Null mutation of connexin43 causes slow propagation of ventricular activation in the late stages of mouse embryonic development. Circ Res 88(11):1196-202. [PubMed: 11397787]  [MGI Ref ID J:74146]

Vink MJ; Suadicani SO; Vieira DM; Urban-Maldonado M; Gao Y; Fishman GI; Spray DC. 2004. Alterations of intercellular communication in neonatal cardiac myocytes from connexin43 null mice. Cardiovasc Res 62(2):397-406. [PubMed: 15094359]  [MGI Ref ID J:101941]

Walker DL; Vacha SJ; Kirby ML; Lo CW. 2005. Connexin43 deficiency causes dysregulation of coronary vasculogenesis. Dev Biol 284(2):479-98. [PubMed: 16039638]  [MGI Ref ID J:100588]

White TW; Sellitto C; Paul DL; Goodenough DA. 2001. Prenatal lens development in connexin43 and connexin50 double knockout mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 42(12):2916-23. [PubMed: 11687537]  [MGI Ref ID J:72927]

Wong CW; Burger F; Pelli G; Mach F; Kwak BR. 2003. Dual benefit of reduced Cx43 on atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Cell Commun Adhes 10(4-6):395-400. [PubMed: 14681047]  [MGI Ref ID J:103076]

Xu X; Francis R; Wei CJ; Linask KL; Lo CW. 2006. Connexin 43-mediated modulation of polarized cell movement and the directional migration of cardiac neural crest cells. Development 133(18):3629-39. [PubMed: 16914489]  [MGI Ref ID J:112459]

Ya J; Erdtsieck-Ernste EB; de Boer PA; van Kempen MJ; Jongsma H ; Gros D ; Moorman AF ; Lamers WH. 1998. Heart defects in connexin43-deficient mice. Circ Res 82(3):360-6. [PubMed: 9486664]  [MGI Ref ID J:46473]

Yamakage K; Omori Y; Zaidan-Dagli ML; Cros MP; Yamasaki H. 2000. Induction of skin papillomas, carcinomas, and sarcomas in mice in which the connexin 43 gene is heterologously deleted. J Invest Dermatol 114(2):289-94. [PubMed: 10651988]  [MGI Ref ID J:60012]

Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Colony Maintenance

Diet Information	LabDiet® 5K52/5K67

Purchasing information

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions

Pricing

Supply Details

Standard Supply

Repository-Cryopreserved. Must Be Recovered. Please refer to pricing and supply notes for further information.

Supply Notes

Cryorecovery - Standard. The recovery process begins when a signed agreement form is returned to the Customer Service Department after order placement. Although results vary by strain, at least two males and two females (two pairs) will be provided, typically within 15 weeks of our receipt of the signed agreement form. If the first recovery attempt is unsuccessful or only one pair is recovered, a second recovery will be done, extending the delivery time to approximately 25 weeks. At least one member of each pair will be of known genotype and will carry the mutation if it is a mutant strain. Please note that pairs may not reflect the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation of the strain. Mating schemes are sometimes modified for successful cryopreservation. Price represents a repository maintenance fee, which includes the cost of recovery of the strain from the cryopreservation resource and the periodic replacement of the frozen embryos used for recovery. Cryorecovery to establish a Dedicated Supply for greater quantities of mice. One to two pairs will be recovered to establish a Dedicated Supply of mice. Price by quotation. For more information on Dedicated Supply, please contact JAX® Services, Tel: 1-800-422-6423 or 1-207-288-5845. This strain is included in the Induced Mutant Resource Colony collection. Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

Control Information

	Control
	Wild-type from the colony
	101045 B6129SF2/J	(approximate)
Considerations for Choosing Controls
USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.

General Terms and Conditions

See Terms of Use

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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Ordering and Purchasing Information

      Purchasing Information
      JAX^® Mice Orders
      Surgical Services

Contact Information
Orders & Technical Support
Tel: 800.422.6423 or 207.288.5845
Fax: 207.288.6150
Technical Support Email Form

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

General Terms and Conditions

Contact information

General inquiries

Contracts Administration

phone:	207-288-6470
fax:	207-288-6655

JAX^® Mice & Services Conditions of Use

“Each recipient institution, including its employees and other researchers under its control (RECIPIENT), of mice or services using mice from The Jackson Laboratory (TJL) agrees that such mice, descendants of those mice derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, including unmodified derivatives of those mice or their descendants (“MICE”) shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research of the RECIPIENT, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services with respect to MICE. Acceptance of MICE from TJL shall be deemed agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires The Jackson Laboratory’s prior written authorization.”

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of MICE, products or services, The Jackson Laboratory will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the MICE or product received or the services provided.

No Liability

In no event shall The Jackson Laboratory, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, products or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of The Jackson Laboratory, its agents or employees. In purchasing or receiving MICE, products or services from The Jackson Laboratory, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges The Jackson Laboratory from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify The Jackson Laboratory from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE and biological materials are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to The Jackson Laboratory’s MICE, products and services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, products and services may be set forth separately in The Jackson Laboratory web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, products and services by The Jackson Laboratory, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, products or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on The Jackson Laboratory, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, products services by The Jackson Laboratory.