Strain Name:

129S7/SvEvBrd-Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri/J

Stock Number:

002211

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Availability:

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Description

Strain Information

Type Mutant Strain; Targeted Mutation;
Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice.
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Mating SystemHomozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male)   01-MAR-06
Specieslaboratory mouse
GenerationF?+46 (21-DEC-11)
Generation Definitions
 
Donating Investigator Richard Palmiter,   University of Washington

Appearance
white-bellied agouti
Related Genotype: Aw/Aw

Description
Mice homozygous for the Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri mutation are viable and fertile. They show an increased sensitivity to hepatic poisoning by cadmium. Most homozygous mice given daily injections of cadmium die within 4 days, with most of the males dying within 2 days.

Development
The Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri mutant strain was developed in the laboratory of Dr. Richard Palmiter at the University of Washington and Dr. Ralph Brinster at the University of Pennsylvania. Both the Mt1 and Mt2 genes were knocked out in a single targeting event. The 129-derived AB-1 ES cell line was used. R. Palmiter (10/30/02) points out that, contrary to what is published in PNAS 91, 585 (Fig. 1), the oligo that is inserted into exon 1of the Mt1 gene is inverted (it still has the KpnI site and in-frame termination codons) and the other oligo insertion (labeled "d") is not present. These errors do not affect the phenotype but could impact PCR genotyping strategies.

Control Information

  Control
   002448 129S1/SvImJ (approximate)
 
  Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

View Strains carrying other alleles of Mt1     (15 strains)

Additional Web Information

New 129 Nomenclature Bulletin

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGI
      assigned by genotype

Mt1tm1Bri/Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri/Mt2tm1Bri

        129S7/SvEvBrd-Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri
  • mortality/aging
  • premature death
    • death occurs between 2-4 days after administration of cadmium, no deaths are observed in control mice   (MGI Ref ID J:16487)
    • males die earlier and more often than females after cadmium injection   (MGI Ref ID J:16487)
  • liver/biliary system phenotype
  • abnormal liver morphology
    • 4 days after administration of cadmium, livers exhibit focal areas of cellular degeneration, necrosis, congestion and hemorrhaging   (MGI Ref ID J:16487)
    • hepatic necrosis
      • necrosis observed following administration of cadmium   (MGI Ref ID J:16487)
    • liver degeneration
      • degeneration observed following administration of cadmium   (MGI Ref ID J:16487)
  • homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
  • abnormal circulating enzyme level
    • untreated females have 2-fold higher levels of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) than untreated controls   (MGI Ref ID J:16487)
    • following 2 days of cadmium treatment, males exhibit a significant increase in SGOT and SGPT levels over treated control males   (MGI Ref ID J:16487)
    • increased circulating alkaline phosphatase level
      • increased levels observed in untreated males and females as compared to controls   (MGI Ref ID J:16487)

Mt1tm1Bri/Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri/Mt2tm1Bri

        involves: 129S7/SvEvBrd
  • mortality/aging
  • increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
    • mice are more sensitive to acetaminophen-induced lethality compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120459)
  • homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
  • *normal* homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
    • mice exhibit normal copper levels   (MGI Ref ID J:33276)
    • abnormal lipid homeostasis
      • acetaminophen-induced lipid peroxidation is increased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120459)
    • abnormal zinc homeostasis
      • neonates exhibit a 60% decrease in hepatic zinc levels compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:34407)
      • at 3 weeks, mice from dams fed a low zinc diet exhibit persistently low kidney and bone zinc levels   (MGI Ref ID J:34407)
      • however, kidney zinc levels in neonates are normal   (MGI Ref ID J:34407)
      • following administration of zinc, mice exhibit a 100% less zinc accumulation in the liver and pancreas compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:34407)
    • impaired wound healing
      • following brain freeze injury, tissue damage is greater than in wild-type mice with increased microglia/macrophage accumulation around the lesion, different temporal microglial response, increased astrocytosis, and increased apoptosis in the brain   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
      • 10 to 20 days post brain freeze injury, mice develop hemorrhage unlike similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
    • increased circulating alanine transaminase level
      • in acetaminophen-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120459)
    • increased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
      • mice exhibit increased susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity, alanine aminotransferase, hepatic necrosis, lipid peroxidation, and lethality compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120459)
      • acetaminophen-induced injuries are not ameliorated by pretreatment with zinc unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120459)
      • hepatocytes are more sensitive to acetaminophen and NAPQI-induced oxidative stress compared with similarly treated wild-type cells   (MGI Ref ID J:120459)
      • however, acetaminophen metabolism is normal   (MGI Ref ID J:120459)
    • increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
      • mice are more sensitive to acetaminophen-induced lethality compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120459)
  • renal/urinary system phenotype
  • abnormal renal glomerulus morphology
    • unlike in wild-type mice, glomeruli remain close to the kidney capsule in mature kidneys at 3 weeks   (MGI Ref ID J:34407)
    • mice fed a low zinc diet exhibit a persistence of the glomeruli remaining close to the kidney unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:34407)
    • however, mice fed a normal diet exhibit normal kidney morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:34407)
  • increased glomerular capsule space
    • regardless of diet zinc content, Bowman's spaces are swollen unlike in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:34407)
  • liver/biliary system phenotype
  • abnormal hepatocyte morphology
    • hepatocytes are more sensitive to acetaminophen and NAPQI-induced oxidative stress indicated by lactate dehydrogenase leakage compared with similarly treated wild-type cells   (MGI Ref ID J:120459)
  • hepatic necrosis
    • in acetaminophen-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120459)
  • endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
  • abnormal pancreas morphology
    • when administered zinc, 4 of 6 mice exhibit abnormal pancreas morphology with acinar cell necrosis and fibrosis compared to 1 of 6 wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:34407)
  • cellular phenotype
  • increased apoptosis
    • 10 and 20 days following brain freeze injury, mice exhibit more apoptosis in the brain compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
    • increased neuron apoptosis
      • in MOG-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)
  • increased sensitivity to induced cell death
    • cells from E11 embryos exhibit increased cell death when cultured with copper compared with similarly treated heterozygous cells   (MGI Ref ID J:33276)
  • oxidative stress
    • MOG-treated mice exhibit increased oxidative stress in microglia/macrophages and neurons compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)
  • cardiovascular system phenotype
  • hemorrhage
    • 10 to 20 days post brain freeze injury, mice develop hemorrhage unlike similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
  • abnormal microglial cell morphology
    • following brain freeze injury, mice exhibit increased microglia/macrophage accumulation around the lesion compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
    • MOG-treated mice exhibit amoeboid or round microglia/macrophages compared to bushy microglia observed in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)
  • increased macrophage cell number
    • following brain freeze injury, mice exhibit increased microglia/macrophage accumulation around the lesion compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
  • immune system phenotype
  • abnormal microglial cell morphology
    • following brain freeze injury, mice exhibit increased microglia/macrophage accumulation around the lesion compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
    • MOG-treated mice exhibit amoeboid or round microglia/macrophages compared to bushy microglia observed in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)
  • abnormal microglial cell physiology
    • microglial temporal response to brain freeze injury is different than in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
  • increased interleukin-1 beta secretion
    • MOG-treated mice exhibit increased IL1b production in the brain stem compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)
  • increased interleukin-6 secretion
    • MOG-treated mice exhibit increased IL6 production in the brain stem compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)
  • increased macrophage cell number
    • following brain freeze injury, mice exhibit increased microglia/macrophage accumulation around the lesion compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
  • increased susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • MOG-treated mice exhibit increased incidence of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, increased inflammatory infiltrate including amoeboid or round microglia/macrophages, and CD3+ T cells, decreased reactive astrogliosis, increased production of IL1beta, IL6 and TNF-alpha in the brain stem, increased oxidative stress, and increased neuron and astrocytic apoptosis compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)
  • increased tumor necrosis factor secretion
    • MOG-treated mice exhibit increased TNF-alpha production in the brain stem compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)
  • nervous system phenotype
  • abnormal microglial cell morphology
    • following brain freeze injury, mice exhibit increased microglia/macrophage accumulation around the lesion compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
    • MOG-treated mice exhibit amoeboid or round microglia/macrophages compared to bushy microglia observed in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)
  • abnormal microglial cell physiology
    • microglial temporal response to brain freeze injury is different than in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
  • astrocytosis
    • freeze-injury mice continue to exhibit reactive astrogliosis 20 days post lesion unlike similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:53929)
    • decreased in MOG-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)
  • increased neuron apoptosis
    • in MOG-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103102)

Mt1tm1Bri/Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri/Mt2tm1Bri

        129S7/SvEvBrd-Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri/J
  • mortality/aging
  • increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
    • nickel-treated mice exhibit reduced mean survival time compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120196)
  • homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
  • *normal* homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
    • mice exhibit normal sensitivity to MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) treatment   (MGI Ref ID J:59769)
    • abnormal physiological response to xenobiotic
      • 4-hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine-treated mice develop tumors with less malignant potential than in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:56770)
      • treatment with zinc does not alter chemically-induced tumor formation unlike in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:56770)
      • mice treated with high doses of cadmium exhibit decreased renal cadmium and zinc concentrations compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
      • increased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
        • apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons of kainic acid-treated mice is increased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
        • kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer GFAP+ astrocytes and lectin+ microglia than in wild-type mice most of which maintain pretreatment morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
        • kainic acid-treated mice exhibit a greater increase in histochemically reactive zinc compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
        • mice treated with chronic high doses of cadmium exhibit enlarged kidneys and livers and increased renal injury compared with similarly treated wild-type mice as determined by increased urinary excretion of gamma-GT and glucose, blood urea nitrogen levels, severe proximal convoluted tubule atrophy and cystic dilation, chronic inflammation, interstitial nephritis and fibrosis, extensive necrosis, apoptosis, tubular degeneration, dilated collecting tubules, glomerular swelling, and foci of microcalcification   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
        • however, cadmium-treated mice exhibit normal urinary excretion of protein and NAG   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
        • cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit more loss of weight, bone mass, ash weight, and calcium content at lower doses than similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
        • cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit a thickening in bony trabecular in the metaphysis, thickening in bony trabecular in the metaphysis, thinning of metaphyseal cortical bone, and dilation of the haversian canals compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
        • cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit a thinning of the femoral epiphyseal growth plate with expansion of the marrow on either side of the plate and extensive loss of the epiphyseal ossification zone unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
        • nickel-treated mice exhibit increased lethality, lung inflammation, and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils and hemoglobin content compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120196)
        • increased incidence of chemically-induced tumors
          • BBN-treated mice develop more tumors with less malignant potential than similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:56770)
      • increased sensitivity to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality
        • nickel-treated mice exhibit reduced mean survival time compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120196)
    • abnormal zinc homeostasis
      • kainic acid-treated mice exhibit a greater increase in histochemically reactive zinc compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
    • increased blood urea nitrogen level
      • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
    • increased susceptibility to injury
      • UVB-treated mice exhibit more sunburn cells and apoptotic cells compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:62369)
    • increased urine glucose level
      • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • immune system phenotype
  • abnormal humoral immune response
    • mice exhibit increased humoral response to ovalbumin with increased levels of IgG and IgM compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased IgG level
      • in ovalbumin-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased IgM level
      • in ovalbumin-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
  • abnormal lymphocyte physiology
    • LPS- and Con A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen is increased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased IgG level
      • in ovalbumin-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased IgM level
      • in ovalbumin-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased thymocyte apoptosis
      • following gamma-irradiation with 5 Gray, the number of thymocytes undergoing apoptosis is increased compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:57169)
      • however, treatment with 10 Gray of gamma irradiation induces the same amount of thymocyte apoptosis as in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:57169)
  • abnormal microglial cell morphology
    • kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer lectin+ microglia that maintain pretreatment morphology unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • decreased B cell number
    • ovalbumin-specific B cells are decreased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • circulatory B cells are decreased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • CD19+ B cells in the spleen are decreased 11% compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
  • decreased T cell number
    • circulating T cells   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
  • enlarged spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased spleen weight   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • spleen hyperplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
  • increased lymphocyte cell number
    • 20% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased CD4-positive T cell number
      • 9% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased CD8-positive T cell number
      • 4% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased plasma cell number
      • untreated and ovalbumin-treated mice exhibit increased antibody-secreting plasma cells in the spleen compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
  • increased neutrophil cell number
    • neutrophils are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage of nickel-treated mice compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120196)
  • kidney inflammation
    • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • lung inflammation
    • in nickel-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120196)
  • renal/urinary system phenotype
  • dilated kidney collecting duct
    • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • dilated proximal convoluted tubules
    • cystic dilation in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • enlarged kidney
    • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • increased renal tubule apoptosis
    • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • increased urine glucose level
    • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • kidney atrophy
    • severe proximal convoluted tubule atrophy in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • kidney degeneration
    • tubular degeneration in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
    • renal necrosis
      • extensive necrosis in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • kidney inflammation
    • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • nephrocalcinosis
    • foci of microcalcification in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • renal interstitial fibrosis
    • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • nervous system phenotype
  • abnormal astrocyte morphology
    • mice have fewer GFAP+ astrocytes compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
    • kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer GFAP+ astrocytes than in wild-type mice, most of which maintain pretreatment morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • abnormal microglial cell morphology
    • kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer lectin+ microglia that maintain pretreatment morphology unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • clonic seizures
    • mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • increased neuron apoptosis
    • apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons of kainic acid-treated mice is increased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • increased susceptibility to pharmacologically induced seizures
    • mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • tonic-clonic seizures
    • mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • behavior/neurological phenotype
  • abnormal learning/ memory
    • in a radial-arm maze, young mice exhibit lower average choice accuracy, reduced improvement in average choice accuracy, and increased response latencies during the acquisition period compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:112813)
    • in a radial-arm maze, nicotine-treated young male mice fail to exhibit an improvement in choice accuracy unlike similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:112813)
    • in a radial-arm maze, aged mice exhibit lower choice accuracy and increased latency compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:112813)
    • however, treatment of aged mice in a radial-arm maze with nicotine attenuates their choice accuracy and latency deficits   (MGI Ref ID J:112813)
  • clonic seizures
    • mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • increased susceptibility to pharmacologically induced seizures
    • mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • tonic-clonic seizures
    • mice exhibit increased number, frequency, and duration of kainic acid-induced limb clonus and tonic-clonic convulsions compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
  • abnormal microglial cell morphology
    • kainic acid-treated mice exhibit fewer lectin+ microglia that maintain pretreatment morphology unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • decreased B cell number
    • ovalbumin-specific B cells are decreased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • circulatory B cells are decreased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • CD19+ B cells in the spleen are decreased 11% compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
  • decreased T cell number
    • circulating T cells   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
  • enlarged spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased spleen weight   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • spleen hyperplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
  • increased lymphocyte cell number
    • 20% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased CD4-positive T cell number
      • 9% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased CD8-positive T cell number
      • 4% more than in wild-type mice in the spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
    • increased plasma cell number
      • untreated and ovalbumin-treated mice exhibit increased antibody-secreting plasma cells in the spleen compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:110643)
  • increased neutrophil cell number
    • neutrophils are increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage of nickel-treated mice compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120196)
  • increased thymocyte apoptosis
    • following gamma-irradiation with 5 Gray, the number of thymocytes undergoing apoptosis is increased compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:57169)
    • however, treatment with 10 Gray of gamma irradiation induces the same amount of thymocyte apoptosis as in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:57169)
  • skeleton phenotype
  • abnormal compact bone morphology
    • cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit dilation of the haversian canals with increased osteoid seams and rounded osteocytes compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
    • decreased compact bone thickness
      • cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit thinning of metaphyseal cortical bone   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
  • abnormal long bone epiphyseal plate morphology
    • cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit a thinning of the femoral epiphyseal growth plate with expansion of the marrow on either side of the plate unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
    • abnormal long bone epiphyseal ossification zone morphology
      • extensively lost in cadmium-chloride-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
  • abnormal trabecular bone morphology
    • cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit a thickening in bony trabecular in the metaphysis compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
  • decreased bone mass
    • cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit more loss of bone mass at lower doses than similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
  • decreased bone mineral content
    • cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit more loss of bone calcium content than similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
  • tumorigenesis
  • increased incidence of chemically-induced tumors
    • BBN-treated mice develop more tumors with less malignant potential than similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:56770)
  • liver/biliary system phenotype
  • decreased hepatocyte proliferation
    • following partial hepatectomy compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:109814)
  • decreased liver regeneration
    • hepatocyte proliferation following partial hepatectomy is decreased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:109814)
  • enlarged liver
    • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • growth/size phenotype
  • weight loss   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
  • limbs/digits/tail phenotype
  • abnormal long bone epiphyseal plate morphology
    • cadmium-chloride-treated mice exhibit a thinning of the femoral epiphyseal growth plate with expansion of the marrow on either side of the plate unlike in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
    • abnormal long bone epiphyseal ossification zone morphology
      • extensively lost in cadmium-chloride-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126420)
  • reproductive system phenotype
  • abnormal reproductive system physiology
    • mice exhibit poor reproductive success due to high spontaneous embryo resorption ratio   (MGI Ref ID J:103039)
  • respiratory system phenotype
  • lung inflammation
    • in nickel-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:120196)
  • cellular phenotype
  • decreased hepatocyte proliferation
    • following partial hepatectomy compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:109814)
  • increased neuron apoptosis
    • apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons of kainic acid-treated mice is increased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89429)
  • increased renal tubule apoptosis
    • in cadmium-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:126620)
  • increased thymocyte apoptosis
    • following gamma-irradiation with 5 Gray, the number of thymocytes undergoing apoptosis is increased compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:57169)
    • however, treatment with 10 Gray of gamma irradiation induces the same amount of thymocyte apoptosis as in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:57169)

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX® Mice strain.

Mt1tm1Bri/Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri/Mt2tm1Bri

        involves: 129S7/SvEvBrd * CD-1
  • homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
  • abnormal zinc homeostasis
    • the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of zinc deficiency are exacerbated compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103039)

Mt1tm1Bri/Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri/Mt2tm1Bri

        involves: 129S7/SvEvBrd * C57BL/6J
  • homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
  • increased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
    • NMDA-treated mice exhibit reduced cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:116275)
    • mice fail to exhibit protective effect of ZnSO4 against NMDA-induced retinal ganglion cell layer damage unlike similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:116275)
    • however, inner plexiform layer thickness following treatment with NMDA is normal   (MGI Ref ID J:116275)
  • vision/eye phenotype
  • abnormal retinal ganglion layer morphology
    • NMDA-treated mice exhibit reduced cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:116275)
View Research Applications

Research Applications
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Internal/Organ Research
Liver Defects

Mt1tm1Bri related

Metabolism Research

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI

 
Allele Symbol Mt1tm1Bri
Allele Name targeted mutation 1, Ralph L Brinster
Allele Type Targeted (knock-out)
Common Name(s) MT-KO; Mt1tm/Bri; Mt1tm1Br; Mt1tm1Bri;
Strain of Origin129S7/SvEvBrd-Hprt<+>
ES Cell Line NameAB1
ES Cell Line Strain129S7/SvEvBrd-Hprt<+>
Gene Symbol and Name Mt1, metallothionein 1
Chromosome 8
Gene Common Name(s) MT-I; MT1S; MTC; Mt; Mt-1;
Molecular Note Both the Mt1 and Mt2 genes were simultaneously disrupted using a vector that inserted in-frame stop codons into the exons of the two genes. Mutant alleles are transcribed but not translated. [MGI Ref ID J:16487]
 
Allele Symbol Mt2tm1Bri
Allele Name targeted mutation 1, Ralph L Brinster
Allele Type Targeted (knock-out)
Common Name(s) Mt2tm/Bri; Mt2tm1Bri;
Strain of Origin129S7/SvEvBrd-Hprt<+>
ES Cell Line NameAB1
ES Cell Line Strain129S7/SvEvBrd-Hprt<+>
Gene Symbol and Name Mt2, metallothionein 2
Chromosome 8
Gene Common Name(s) AA409533; MT-II; Mt-2; expressed sequence AA409533;
Molecular Note Both the Mt1 and Mt2 genes were simultaneously disrupted using a vector that inserted in-frame stop codons into the exons of the two genes. Mutant alleles are transcribed but not translated. [MGI Ref ID J:16487]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Mt1tm1Bri, Standard PCR
Mt2tm1Bri, Standard PCR


Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References provided by MGI

Selected Reference(s)

Masters BA; Kelly EJ; Quaife CJ; Brinster RL; Palmiter RD. 1994. Targeted disruption of metallothionein I and II genes increases sensitivity to cadmium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(2):584-8. [PubMed: 8290567]  [MGI Ref ID J:16487]

Additional References

Hanada K. 2000. Photoprotective role of metallothionein in UV-injury - metallothionein-null mouse exhibits reduced tolerance against ultraviolet-B J Dermatol Sci 23(## Suppl 1):S51-6. [PubMed: 10764993]  [MGI Ref ID J:62369]

Lyons BL; Lynes MA; Burzenski L; Joliat MJ; Hadjout N; Shultz LD. 2003. Mechanisms of anemia in SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase-deficient 'viable motheaten' mice. Exp Hematol 31(3):234-43. [PubMed: 12644021]  [MGI Ref ID J:82283]

Qu W; Diwan BA; Liu J; Goyer RA; Dawson T; Horton JL; Cherian MG; Waalkes MP. 2002. The metallothionein-null phenotype is associated with heightened sensitivity to lead toxicity and an inability to form inclusion bodies. Am J Pathol 160(3):1047-56. [PubMed: 11891201]  [MGI Ref ID J:75301]

Waelput W; Broekaert D; Vandekerckhove J; Brouckaert P; Tavernier J; Libert C. 2001. A mediator role for metallothionein in tumor necrosis factor-induced lethal shock. J Exp Med 194(11):1617-24. [PubMed: 11733576]  [MGI Ref ID J:73099]

Zhou Z; Wang L; Song Z; Saari JT; McClain CJ; Kang YJ. 2004. Abrogation of nuclear factor-kappaB activation is involved in zinc inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and liver injury. Am J Pathol 164(5):1547-56. [PubMed: 15111301]  [MGI Ref ID J:89568]

Mt1tm1Bri related

Abe T; Yamamoto O; Gotoh S; Yan Y; Todaka N; Higashi K. 2000. Cadmium-induced mRNA expression of Hsp32 is augmented in metallothionein-I and -II knock-out mice Arch Biochem Biophys 382(1):81-8. [PubMed: 11051100]  [MGI Ref ID J:64768]

Andrews GK; Geiser J. 1999. Expression of the mouse metallothionein-I and -II genes provides a reproductive advantage during maternal dietary zinc deficiency. J Nutr 129(9):1643-8. [PubMed: 10460198]  [MGI Ref ID J:103039]

Asanuma M; Miyazaki I; Higashi Y; Tanaka K; Haque ME; Fujita N; Ogawa N. 2002. Aggravation of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic lesions in metallothionein-I and -II knock-out mouse brain. Neurosci Lett 327(1):61-5. [PubMed: 12098501]  [MGI Ref ID J:107961]

Bernal PJ; Leelavanichkul K; Bauer E; Cao R; Wilson A; Wasserloos KJ; Watkins SC; Pitt BR; St Croix CM. 2008. Nitric-oxide-mediated zinc release contributes to hypoxic regulation of pulmonary vascular tone. Circ Res 102(12):1575-83. [PubMed: 18483408]  [MGI Ref ID J:151383]

Bobillier-Chaumont S; Nicod L; Richert L; Berthelot A. 2003. Antioxidant status in the liver of hypertensive and metallothionein-deficient mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 81(10):929-36. [PubMed: 14608409]  [MGI Ref ID J:136413]

Carrasco J; Penkowa M; Giralt M; Camats J; Molinero A; Campbell IL; Palmiter RD; Hidalgo J. 2003. Role of metallothionein-III following central nervous system damage. Neurobiol Dis 13(1):22-36. [PubMed: 12758064]  [MGI Ref ID J:126845]

Carrasco J; Penkowa M; Hadberg H; Molinero A; Hidalgo J. 2000. Enhanced seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration following kainic acid-induced seizures in metallothionein-I + II-deficient mice. Eur J Neurosci 12(7):2311-22. [PubMed: 10947810]  [MGI Ref ID J:89429]

Ceballos D; Lago N; Verdu E; Penkowa M; Carrasco J; Navarro X; Palmiter RD; Hidalgo J. 2003. Role of metallothioneins in peripheral nerve function and regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 60(6):1209-16. [PubMed: 12861386]  [MGI Ref ID J:115685]

Conrad CC; Grabowski DT; Walter CA; Sabia M; Richardson A. 2000. Using MT(-/-) mice to study metallothionein and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 28(3):447-62. [PubMed: 10699757]  [MGI Ref ID J:61310]

Crowthers KC; Kline V; Giardina C; Lynes MA. 2000. Augmented humoral immune function in metallothionein-null mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 166(3):161-72. [PubMed: 10906280]  [MGI Ref ID J:110643]

Davis SR; McMahon RJ; Cousins RJ. 1998. Metallothionein knockout and transgenic mice exhibit altered intestinal processing of zinc with uniform zinc-dependent zinc transporter-1 expression. J Nutr 128(5):825-31. [PubMed: 9566988]  [MGI Ref ID J:47419]

Davis SR; Samuelson DA; Cousins RJ. 2001. Metallothionein expression protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, but overexpression and dietary zinc supplementation provide no further protection in metallothionein transgenic and knockout mice. J Nutr 131(2):215-22. [PubMed: 11160536]  [MGI Ref ID J:107225]

Deng DX; Cai L; Chakrabarti S; Cherian MG. 1999. Increased radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymus in the absence of metallothionein. Toxicology 134(1):39-49. [PubMed: 10413187]  [MGI Ref ID J:57169]

Dubocovich ML; Hudson RL; Sumaya IC; Masana MI; Manna E. 2005. Effect of MT1 melatonin receptor deletion on melatonin-mediated phase shift of circadian rhythms in the C57BL/6 mouse. J Pineal Res 39(2):113-20. [PubMed: 16098087]  [MGI Ref ID J:114345]

Ebadi M; Brown-Borg H; El Refaey H; Singh BB; Garrett S; Shavali S; Sharma SK. 2005. Metallothionein-mediated neuroprotection in genetically engineered mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 134(1):67-75. [PubMed: 15790531]  [MGI Ref ID J:97105]

Ebadi M; Sharma S. 2006. Metallothioneins 1 and 2 attenuate peroxynitrite-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 231(9):1576-83. [PubMed: 17018883]  [MGI Ref ID J:129277]

Eddins D; Petro A; Pollard N; Freedman JH; Levin ED. 2008. Mercury-induced cognitive impairment in metallothionein-1/2 null mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 30(2):88-95. [PubMed: 18226494]  [MGI Ref ID J:140078]

Fattman CL; Gambelli F; Hoyle G; Pitt BR; Ortiz LA. 2008. Epithelial expression of TIMP-1 does not alter sensitivity to bleomycin-induced lung injury in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 294(3):L572-81. [PubMed: 18178676]  [MGI Ref ID J:132192]

Giralt M; Penkowa M; Hernandez J; Molinero A; Carrasco J; Lago N; Camats J; Campbell IL; Hidalgo J. 2002. Metallothionein-1+2 deficiency increases brain pathology in transgenic mice with astrocyte-targeted expression of interleukin 6. Neurobiol Dis 9(3):319-38. [PubMed: 11950277]  [MGI Ref ID J:125457]

Giralt M; Penkowa M; Lago N; Molinero A; Hidalgo J. 2002. Metallothionein-1+2 protect the CNS after a focal brain injury. Exp Neurol 173(1):114-28. [PubMed: 11771944]  [MGI Ref ID J:119136]

Habeebu SS; Liu J; Liu Y; Klaassen CD. 2000. Metallothionein-null mice are more sensitive than wild-type mice to liver injury induced by repeated exposure to cadmium. Toxicol Sci 55(1):223-32. [PubMed: 10788577]  [MGI Ref ID J:126669]

Habeebu SS; Liu J; Liu Y; Klaassen CD. 2000. Metallothionein-null mice are more susceptible than wild-type mice to chronic CdCl(2)-induced bone injury. Toxicol Sci 56(1):211-9. [PubMed: 10869470]  [MGI Ref ID J:126420]

Hanada K. 2000. Photoprotective role of metallothionein in UV-injury - metallothionein-null mouse exhibits reduced tolerance against ultraviolet-B J Dermatol Sci 23(## Suppl 1):S51-6. [PubMed: 10764993]  [MGI Ref ID J:62369]

Kelly EJ; Palmiter RD. 1996. A murine model of Menkes disease reveals a physiological function of metallothionein. Nat Genet 13(2):219-22. [PubMed: 8640230]  [MGI Ref ID J:33276]

Kelly EJ; Quaife CJ; Froelick GJ; Palmiter RD. 1996. Metallothionein I and II protect against zinc deficiency and zinc toxicity in mice. J Nutr 126(7):1782-90. [PubMed: 8683339]  [MGI Ref ID J:34407]

Kennette W; Collins OM; Zalups RK; Koropatnick J. 2005. Basal and zinc-induced metallothionein in resistance to cadmium, cisplatin, zinc, and tertbutyl hydroperoxide: studies using MT knockout and antisense-downregulated MT in mammalian cells. Toxicol Sci 88(2):602-13. [PubMed: 16150881]  [MGI Ref ID J:113269]

Kimura T; Itoh N; Takehara M; Oguro I; Ishizaki JI; Nakanishi T; Tanaka K. 2001. Sensitivity of metallothionein-null mice to LPS/D-galactosamine-induced lethality. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280(1):358-62. [PubMed: 11162523]  [MGI Ref ID J:110627]

Kimura T; Oguro I; Kohroki J; Takehara M; Itoh N; Nakanishi T; Tanaka K. 2000. Metallothionein-null mice express altered genes during development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 270(2):458-61. [PubMed: 10753647]  [MGI Ref ID J:61575]

Kondo Y; Himeno S; Endo W; Mita M; Suzuki Y; Nemoto K; Akimoto M; Lazo JS; Imura N. 1999. Metallothionein modulates the carcinogenicity of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in mice. Carcinogenesis 20(8):1625-7. [PubMed: 10426817]  [MGI Ref ID J:56770]

Lambert JC; Zhou Z; Wang L; Song Z; McClain CJ; Kang YJ. 2004. Preservation of intestinal structural integrity by zinc is independent of metallothionein in alcohol-intoxicated mice. Am J Pathol 164(6):1959-66. [PubMed: 15161632]  [MGI Ref ID J:91074]

Lau JC; Cherian MG. 1998. Developmental changes in hepatic metallothionein, zinc, and copper levels in genetically altered mice. Biochem Cell Biol 76(4):615-23. [PubMed: 10099782]  [MGI Ref ID J:53230]

Leazer TM; Daston GP; Keen CL; Rogers JM. 2003. The embryolethality of lipopolysaccharide in CD-1 and metallothionein I-II null mice: lack of a role for induced zinc deficiency or metallothionein induction. Toxicol Sci 73(2):442-7. [PubMed: 12700403]  [MGI Ref ID J:125434]

Levin ED; Perraut C; Pollard N; Freedman JH. 2006. Metallothionein expression and neurocognitive function in mice. Physiol Behav 87(3):513-8. [PubMed: 16430929]  [MGI Ref ID J:112813]

Lichten LA; Liuzzi JP; Cousins RJ. 2009. Interleukin-1beta contributes via nitric oxide to the upregulation and functional activity of the zinc transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) in murine hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296(4):G860-7. [PubMed: 19179618]  [MGI Ref ID J:149697]

Liu J; Corton C; Dix DJ; Liu Y; Waalkes MP; Klaassen CD. 2001. Genetic background but not metallothionein phenotype dictates sensitivity to cadmium-induced testicular injury in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 176(1):1-9. [PubMed: 11578143]  [MGI Ref ID J:126651]

Liu J; Liu Y; Goyer RA; Achanzar W; Waalkes MP. 2000. Metallothionein-I/II null mice are more sensitive than wild-type mice to the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of chronic oral or injected inorganic arsenicals. Toxicol Sci 55(2):460-7. [PubMed: 10828279]  [MGI Ref ID J:126451]

Liu J; Liu Y; Hartley D; Klaassen CD; Shehin-Johnson SE; Lucas A; Cohen SD. 1999. Metallothionein-I/II knockout mice are sensitive to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289(1):580-6. [PubMed: 10087053]  [MGI Ref ID J:120459]

Liu Y; Liu J; Habeebu SM; Waalkes MP; Klaassen CD. 2000. Metallothionein-I/II null mice are sensitive to chronic oral cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 57(1):167-76. [PubMed: 10966523]  [MGI Ref ID J:126620]

Lyons BL; Lynes MA; Burzenski L; Joliat MJ; Hadjout N; Shultz LD. 2003. Mechanisms of anemia in SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase-deficient 'viable motheaten' mice. Exp Hematol 31(3):234-43. [PubMed: 12644021]  [MGI Ref ID J:82283]

Majumder S; Roy S; Kaffenberger T; Wang B; Costinean S; Frankel W; Bratasz A; Kuppusamy P; Hai T; Ghoshal K; Jacob ST. 2010. Loss of metallothionein predisposes mice to diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by activating NF-kappaB target genes. Cancer Res 70(24):10265-76. [PubMed: 21159647]  [MGI Ref ID J:167599]

McAuliffe JJ; Joseph B; Hughes E; Miles L; Vorhees CV. 2008. Metallothionein I,II deficient mice do not exhibit significantly worse long-term behavioral outcomes following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: MT-I,II deficient mice have inherent behavioral impairments. Brain Res 1190:175-85. [PubMed: 18083145]  [MGI Ref ID J:130838]

Miura N; Koizumi S. 2005. Gene expression profiles in the liver and kidney of metallothionein-null mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 332(4):949-55. [PubMed: 15913548]  [MGI Ref ID J:99118]

Miyazaki I; Asanuma M; Hozumi H; Miyoshi K; Sogawa N. 2007. Protective effects of metallothionein against dopamine quinone-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. FEBS Lett 581(25):5003-8. [PubMed: 17910954]  [MGI Ref ID J:126937]

Nachman-Clewner M; Giblin FJ; Dorey CK; Blanks RH; Dang L; Dougherty CJ; Blanks JC. 2008. Selective degeneration of central photoreceptors after hyperbaric oxygen in normal and metallothionein-knockout mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49(7):3207-15. [PubMed: 18579766]  [MGI Ref ID J:137160]

Oliver JR; Jiang S; Cherian MG. 2006. Augmented hepatic injury followed by impaired regeneration in metallothionein-I/II knockout mice after treatment with thioacetamide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 210(3):190-9. [PubMed: 15979673]  [MGI Ref ID J:105679]

Oliver JR; Mara TW; Cherian MG. 2005. Impaired hepatic regeneration in metallothionein-I/II knockout mice after partial hepatectomy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 230(1):61-7. [PubMed: 15618127]  [MGI Ref ID J:109814]

Ono S; Koropatnick DJ; Cherian MG. 1997. Regional brain distribution of metallothionein, zinc and copper in toxic milk mutant and transgenic mice. Toxicology 124(1):1-10. [PubMed: 9392450]  [MGI Ref ID J:44523]

Oshima Y; Fujio Y; Nakanishi T; Itoh N; Yamamoto Y; Negoro S; Tanaka K; Kishimoto T; Kawase I; Azuma J. 2005. STAT3 mediates cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury through metallothionein induction in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 65(2):428-35. [PubMed: 15639482]  [MGI Ref ID J:134625]

Oz HS; Chen T; de Villiers WJ; McClain CJ. 2005. Metallothionein overexpression does not protect against inflammatory bowel disease in a murine colitis model. Med Sci Monit 11(3):BR69-73. [PubMed: 15735556]  [MGI Ref ID J:127866]

Penkowa M; Carrasco J; Giralt M; Moos T; Hidalgo J. 1999. CNS wound healing is severely depressed in metallothionein I- and II-deficient mice. J Neurosci 19(7):2535-45. [PubMed: 10087067]  [MGI Ref ID J:53929]

Penkowa M; Espejo C; Martinez-Caceres EM; Montalban X; Hidalgo J. 2003. Increased demyelination and axonal damage in metallothionein I+II-deficient mice during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 60(1):185-97. [PubMed: 12613667]  [MGI Ref ID J:115509]

Penkowa M; Espejo C; Martinez-Caceres EM; Poulsen CB; Montalban X; Hidalgo J. 2001. Altered inflammatory response and increased neurodegeneration in metallothionein I+II deficient mice during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 119(2):248-60. [PubMed: 11585628]  [MGI Ref ID J:103102]

Penkowa M; Giralt M; Lago N; Camats J; Carrasco J; Hernandez J; Molinero A; Campbell IL; Hidalgo J. 2003. Astrocyte-targeted expression of IL-6 protects the CNSagainst a focal brain injury. Exp Neurol 181(2):130-48. [PubMed: 12781987]  [MGI Ref ID J:83736]

Puttaparthi K; Gitomer WL; Krishnan U; Son M; Rajendran B; Elliott JL. 2002. Disease progression in a transgenic model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is dependent on both neuronal and non-neuronal zinc binding proteins. J Neurosci 22(20):8790-6. [PubMed: 12388585]  [MGI Ref ID J:79760]

Qu W; Diwan BA; Liu J; Goyer RA; Dawson T; Horton JL; Cherian MG; Waalkes MP. 2002. The metallothionein-null phenotype is associated with heightened sensitivity to lead toxicity and an inability to form inclusion bodies. Am J Pathol 160(3):1047-56. [PubMed: 11891201]  [MGI Ref ID J:75301]

Rojas P; Klaassen CD. 1999. Metallothionein-I and -II knock-out mice are not more sensitive than control mice to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 273(2):113-6. [PubMed: 10505629]  [MGI Ref ID J:59769]

Sato M; Kawakami T; Kondoh M; Takiguchi M; Kadota Y; Himeno S; Suzuki S. 2010. Development of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in female metallothionein-null mice. FASEB J 24(7):2375-84. [PubMed: 20219986]  [MGI Ref ID J:162351]

Sharma SK; El Refaey H; Ebadi M. 2006. Complex-1 activity and 18F-DOPA uptake in genetically engineered mouse model of Parkinson's disease and the neuroprotective role of coenzyme Q10. Brain Res Bull 70(1):22-32. [PubMed: 16750479]  [MGI Ref ID J:112754]

Stankovic RK; Lee V; Kekic M; Harper C. 2003. The expression and significance of metallothioneins in murine organs and tissues following mercury vapour exposure. Toxicol Pathol 31(5):514-23. [PubMed: 14692620]  [MGI Ref ID J:126199]

Stankovic RK; Li Z. 2006. Decreased neurofilament density in large myelinated axons of metallothionein-I, II knockout mice. Neurosci Lett 402(1-2):1-6. [PubMed: 16600496]  [MGI Ref ID J:111123]

Suemori S; Shimazawa M; Kawase K; Satoh M; Nagase H; Yamamoto T; Hara H. 2006. Metallothionein, an endogenous antioxidant, protects against retinal neuron damage in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(9):3975-82. [PubMed: 16936113]  [MGI Ref ID J:116275]

Vidal E; Tortosa R; Marquez M; Serafin A; Hidalgo J; Pumarola M. 2008. Infection of metallothionein 1+2 knockout mice with Rocky Mountain Laboratory scrapie. Brain Res 1196:140-50. [PubMed: 18221736]  [MGI Ref ID J:131897]

Waalkes MP; Liu J; Goyer RA; Diwan BA. 2004. Metallothionein-I/II double knockout mice are hypersensitive to lead-induced kidney carcinogenesis: role of inclusion body formation. Cancer Res 64(21):7766-72. [PubMed: 15520181]  [MGI Ref ID J:93863]

Waalkes MP; Liu J; Kasprzak KS; Diwan BA. 2006. Hypersusceptibility to cisplatin carcinogenicity in metallothionein-I/II double knockout mice: production of hepatocellular carcinoma at clinically relevant doses. Int J Cancer 119(1):28-32. [PubMed: 16432836]  [MGI Ref ID J:108564]

Waalkes MP; Liu J; Kasprzak KS; Diwan BA. 2005. Metallothionein-I/II double knockout mice are no more sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of nickel subsulfide than wild-type mice. Int J Toxicol 24(4):215-20. [PubMed: 16126615]  [MGI Ref ID J:104179]

Waelput W; Broekaert D; Vandekerckhove J; Brouckaert P; Tavernier J; Libert C. 2001. A mediator role for metallothionein in tumor necrosis factor-induced lethal shock. J Exp Med 194(11):1617-24. [PubMed: 11733576]  [MGI Ref ID J:73099]

Wang L; Zhou Z; Saari JT; Kang YJ. 2005. Alcohol-induced myocardial fibrosis in metallothionein-null mice: prevention by zinc supplementation. Am J Pathol 167(2):337-44. [PubMed: 16049321]  [MGI Ref ID J:99953]

Wang WH; Li LF; Zhang BX; Lu XY. 2004. Metallothionein-null mice exhibit reduced tolerance to ultraviolet B injury in vivo. Clin Exp Dermatol 29(1):57-61. [PubMed: 14723724]  [MGI Ref ID J:101785]

Wastney ME; House WA. 2008. Development of a compartmental model of zinc kinetics in mice. J Nutr 138(11):2148-55. [PubMed: 18936212]  [MGI Ref ID J:140652]

Wesselkamper SC; McDowell SA; Medvedovic M; Dalton TP; Deshmukh HS; Sartor MA; Case LM; Henning LN; Borchers MT; Tomlinson CR; Prows DR; Leikauf GD. 2006. The role of metallothionein in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 34(1):73-82. [PubMed: 16166738]  [MGI Ref ID J:120196]

Xie T; Tong L; McCann UD; Yuan J; Becker KG; Mechan AO; Cheadle C; Donovan DM; Ricaurte GA. 2004. Identification and characterization of metallothionein-1 and -2 gene expression in the context of (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced toxicity to brain dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci 24(32):7043-50. [PubMed: 15306638]  [MGI Ref ID J:97267]

Zhou Z; Wang L; Song Z; Saari JT; McClain CJ; Kang YJ. 2004. Abrogation of nuclear factor-kappaB activation is involved in zinc inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and liver injury. Am J Pathol 164(5):1547-56. [PubMed: 15111301]  [MGI Ref ID J:89568]

Zhou Z; Wang L; Song Z; Saari JT; McClain CJ; Kang YJ. 2005. Zinc Supplementation Prevents Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress. Am J Pathol 166(6):1681-90. [PubMed: 15920153]  [MGI Ref ID J:98817]

Zuo P; Qu W; Cooper RN; Goyer RA; Diwan BA; Waalkes MP. 2009. Potential role of alpha-synuclein and metallothionein in lead-induced inclusion body formation. Toxicol Sci 111(1):100-8. [PubMed: 19542206]  [MGI Ref ID J:152425]

Mt2tm1Bri related

Abe T; Yamamoto O; Gotoh S; Yan Y; Todaka N; Higashi K. 2000. Cadmium-induced mRNA expression of Hsp32 is augmented in metallothionein-I and -II knock-out mice Arch Biochem Biophys 382(1):81-8. [PubMed: 11051100]  [MGI Ref ID J:64768]

Andrews GK; Geiser J. 1999. Expression of the mouse metallothionein-I and -II genes provides a reproductive advantage during maternal dietary zinc deficiency. J Nutr 129(9):1643-8. [PubMed: 10460198]  [MGI Ref ID J:103039]

Asanuma M; Miyazaki I; Higashi Y; Tanaka K; Haque ME; Fujita N; Ogawa N. 2002. Aggravation of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic lesions in metallothionein-I and -II knock-out mouse brain. Neurosci Lett 327(1):61-5. [PubMed: 12098501]  [MGI Ref ID J:107961]

Bernal PJ; Leelavanichkul K; Bauer E; Cao R; Wilson A; Wasserloos KJ; Watkins SC; Pitt BR; St Croix CM. 2008. Nitric-oxide-mediated zinc release contributes to hypoxic regulation of pulmonary vascular tone. Circ Res 102(12):1575-83. [PubMed: 18483408]  [MGI Ref ID J:151383]

Bobillier-Chaumont S; Nicod L; Richert L; Berthelot A. 2003. Antioxidant status in the liver of hypertensive and metallothionein-deficient mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 81(10):929-36. [PubMed: 14608409]  [MGI Ref ID J:136413]

Carrasco J; Penkowa M; Giralt M; Camats J; Molinero A; Campbell IL; Palmiter RD; Hidalgo J. 2003. Role of metallothionein-III following central nervous system damage. Neurobiol Dis 13(1):22-36. [PubMed: 12758064]  [MGI Ref ID J:126845]

Carrasco J; Penkowa M; Hadberg H; Molinero A; Hidalgo J. 2000. Enhanced seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration following kainic acid-induced seizures in metallothionein-I + II-deficient mice. Eur J Neurosci 12(7):2311-22. [PubMed: 10947810]  [MGI Ref ID J:89429]

Ceballos D; Lago N; Verdu E; Penkowa M; Carrasco J; Navarro X; Palmiter RD; Hidalgo J. 2003. Role of metallothioneins in peripheral nerve function and regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 60(6):1209-16. [PubMed: 12861386]  [MGI Ref ID J:115685]

Conrad CC; Grabowski DT; Walter CA; Sabia M; Richardson A. 2000. Using MT(-/-) mice to study metallothionein and oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 28(3):447-62. [PubMed: 10699757]  [MGI Ref ID J:61310]

Crowthers KC; Kline V; Giardina C; Lynes MA. 2000. Augmented humoral immune function in metallothionein-null mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 166(3):161-72. [PubMed: 10906280]  [MGI Ref ID J:110643]

Davis SR; McMahon RJ; Cousins RJ. 1998. Metallothionein knockout and transgenic mice exhibit altered intestinal processing of zinc with uniform zinc-dependent zinc transporter-1 expression. J Nutr 128(5):825-31. [PubMed: 9566988]  [MGI Ref ID J:47419]

Davis SR; Samuelson DA; Cousins RJ. 2001. Metallothionein expression protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, but overexpression and dietary zinc supplementation provide no further protection in metallothionein transgenic and knockout mice. J Nutr 131(2):215-22. [PubMed: 11160536]  [MGI Ref ID J:107225]

Deng DX; Cai L; Chakrabarti S; Cherian MG. 1999. Increased radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse thymus in the absence of metallothionein. Toxicology 134(1):39-49. [PubMed: 10413187]  [MGI Ref ID J:57169]

Dubocovich ML; Hudson RL; Sumaya IC; Masana MI; Manna E. 2005. Effect of MT1 melatonin receptor deletion on melatonin-mediated phase shift of circadian rhythms in the C57BL/6 mouse. J Pineal Res 39(2):113-20. [PubMed: 16098087]  [MGI Ref ID J:114345]

Ebadi M; Brown-Borg H; El Refaey H; Singh BB; Garrett S; Shavali S; Sharma SK. 2005. Metallothionein-mediated neuroprotection in genetically engineered mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 134(1):67-75. [PubMed: 15790531]  [MGI Ref ID J:97105]

Ebadi M; Sharma S. 2006. Metallothioneins 1 and 2 attenuate peroxynitrite-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 231(9):1576-83. [PubMed: 17018883]  [MGI Ref ID J:129277]

Eddins D; Petro A; Pollard N; Freedman JH; Levin ED. 2008. Mercury-induced cognitive impairment in metallothionein-1/2 null mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 30(2):88-95. [PubMed: 18226494]  [MGI Ref ID J:140078]

Fattman CL; Gambelli F; Hoyle G; Pitt BR; Ortiz LA. 2008. Epithelial expression of TIMP-1 does not alter sensitivity to bleomycin-induced lung injury in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 294(3):L572-81. [PubMed: 18178676]  [MGI Ref ID J:132192]

Giralt M; Penkowa M; Hernandez J; Molinero A; Carrasco J; Lago N; Camats J; Campbell IL; Hidalgo J. 2002. Metallothionein-1+2 deficiency increases brain pathology in transgenic mice with astrocyte-targeted expression of interleukin 6. Neurobiol Dis 9(3):319-38. [PubMed: 11950277]  [MGI Ref ID J:125457]

Giralt M; Penkowa M; Lago N; Molinero A; Hidalgo J. 2002. Metallothionein-1+2 protect the CNS after a focal brain injury. Exp Neurol 173(1):114-28. [PubMed: 11771944]  [MGI Ref ID J:119136]

Habeebu SS; Liu J; Liu Y; Klaassen CD. 2000. Metallothionein-null mice are more sensitive than wild-type mice to liver injury induced by repeated exposure to cadmium. Toxicol Sci 55(1):223-32. [PubMed: 10788577]  [MGI Ref ID J:126669]

Habeebu SS; Liu J; Liu Y; Klaassen CD. 2000. Metallothionein-null mice are more susceptible than wild-type mice to chronic CdCl(2)-induced bone injury. Toxicol Sci 56(1):211-9. [PubMed: 10869470]  [MGI Ref ID J:126420]

Hanada K. 2000. Photoprotective role of metallothionein in UV-injury - metallothionein-null mouse exhibits reduced tolerance against ultraviolet-B J Dermatol Sci 23(## Suppl 1):S51-6. [PubMed: 10764993]  [MGI Ref ID J:62369]

Kelly EJ; Palmiter RD. 1996. A murine model of Menkes disease reveals a physiological function of metallothionein. Nat Genet 13(2):219-22. [PubMed: 8640230]  [MGI Ref ID J:33276]

Kelly EJ; Quaife CJ; Froelick GJ; Palmiter RD. 1996. Metallothionein I and II protect against zinc deficiency and zinc toxicity in mice. J Nutr 126(7):1782-90. [PubMed: 8683339]  [MGI Ref ID J:34407]

Kennette W; Collins OM; Zalups RK; Koropatnick J. 2005. Basal and zinc-induced metallothionein in resistance to cadmium, cisplatin, zinc, and tertbutyl hydroperoxide: studies using MT knockout and antisense-downregulated MT in mammalian cells. Toxicol Sci 88(2):602-13. [PubMed: 16150881]  [MGI Ref ID J:113269]

Kimura T; Itoh N; Takehara M; Oguro I; Ishizaki JI; Nakanishi T; Tanaka K. 2001. Sensitivity of metallothionein-null mice to LPS/D-galactosamine-induced lethality. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 280(1):358-62. [PubMed: 11162523]  [MGI Ref ID J:110627]

Kimura T; Oguro I; Kohroki J; Takehara M; Itoh N; Nakanishi T; Tanaka K. 2000. Metallothionein-null mice express altered genes during development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 270(2):458-61. [PubMed: 10753647]  [MGI Ref ID J:61575]

Kondo Y; Himeno S; Endo W; Mita M; Suzuki Y; Nemoto K; Akimoto M; Lazo JS; Imura N. 1999. Metallothionein modulates the carcinogenicity of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine in mice. Carcinogenesis 20(8):1625-7. [PubMed: 10426817]  [MGI Ref ID J:56770]

Lambert JC; Zhou Z; Wang L; Song Z; McClain CJ; Kang YJ. 2004. Preservation of intestinal structural integrity by zinc is independent of metallothionein in alcohol-intoxicated mice. Am J Pathol 164(6):1959-66. [PubMed: 15161632]  [MGI Ref ID J:91074]

Lau JC; Cherian MG. 1998. Developmental changes in hepatic metallothionein, zinc, and copper levels in genetically altered mice. Biochem Cell Biol 76(4):615-23. [PubMed: 10099782]  [MGI Ref ID J:53230]

Leazer TM; Daston GP; Keen CL; Rogers JM. 2003. The embryolethality of lipopolysaccharide in CD-1 and metallothionein I-II null mice: lack of a role for induced zinc deficiency or metallothionein induction. Toxicol Sci 73(2):442-7. [PubMed: 12700403]  [MGI Ref ID J:125434]

Levin ED; Perraut C; Pollard N; Freedman JH. 2006. Metallothionein expression and neurocognitive function in mice. Physiol Behav 87(3):513-8. [PubMed: 16430929]  [MGI Ref ID J:112813]

Lichten LA; Liuzzi JP; Cousins RJ. 2009. Interleukin-1beta contributes via nitric oxide to the upregulation and functional activity of the zinc transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) in murine hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296(4):G860-7. [PubMed: 19179618]  [MGI Ref ID J:149697]

Liu J; Corton C; Dix DJ; Liu Y; Waalkes MP; Klaassen CD. 2001. Genetic background but not metallothionein phenotype dictates sensitivity to cadmium-induced testicular injury in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 176(1):1-9. [PubMed: 11578143]  [MGI Ref ID J:126651]

Liu J; Liu Y; Goyer RA; Achanzar W; Waalkes MP. 2000. Metallothionein-I/II null mice are more sensitive than wild-type mice to the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of chronic oral or injected inorganic arsenicals. Toxicol Sci 55(2):460-7. [PubMed: 10828279]  [MGI Ref ID J:126451]

Liu J; Liu Y; Hartley D; Klaassen CD; Shehin-Johnson SE; Lucas A; Cohen SD. 1999. Metallothionein-I/II knockout mice are sensitive to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289(1):580-6. [PubMed: 10087053]  [MGI Ref ID J:120459]

Liu Y; Liu J; Habeebu SM; Waalkes MP; Klaassen CD. 2000. Metallothionein-I/II null mice are sensitive to chronic oral cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 57(1):167-76. [PubMed: 10966523]  [MGI Ref ID J:126620]

Lyons BL; Lynes MA; Burzenski L; Joliat MJ; Hadjout N; Shultz LD. 2003. Mechanisms of anemia in SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase-deficient 'viable motheaten' mice. Exp Hematol 31(3):234-43. [PubMed: 12644021]  [MGI Ref ID J:82283]

Majumder S; Roy S; Kaffenberger T; Wang B; Costinean S; Frankel W; Bratasz A; Kuppusamy P; Hai T; Ghoshal K; Jacob ST. 2010. Loss of metallothionein predisposes mice to diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by activating NF-kappaB target genes. Cancer Res 70(24):10265-76. [PubMed: 21159647]  [MGI Ref ID J:167599]

McAuliffe JJ; Joseph B; Hughes E; Miles L; Vorhees CV. 2008. Metallothionein I,II deficient mice do not exhibit significantly worse long-term behavioral outcomes following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia: MT-I,II deficient mice have inherent behavioral impairments. Brain Res 1190:175-85. [PubMed: 18083145]  [MGI Ref ID J:130838]

Miura N; Koizumi S. 2005. Gene expression profiles in the liver and kidney of metallothionein-null mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 332(4):949-55. [PubMed: 15913548]  [MGI Ref ID J:99118]

Miyazaki I; Asanuma M; Hozumi H; Miyoshi K; Sogawa N. 2007. Protective effects of metallothionein against dopamine quinone-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. FEBS Lett 581(25):5003-8. [PubMed: 17910954]  [MGI Ref ID J:126937]

Nachman-Clewner M; Giblin FJ; Dorey CK; Blanks RH; Dang L; Dougherty CJ; Blanks JC. 2008. Selective degeneration of central photoreceptors after hyperbaric oxygen in normal and metallothionein-knockout mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49(7):3207-15. [PubMed: 18579766]  [MGI Ref ID J:137160]

Oliver JR; Jiang S; Cherian MG. 2006. Augmented hepatic injury followed by impaired regeneration in metallothionein-I/II knockout mice after treatment with thioacetamide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 210(3):190-9. [PubMed: 15979673]  [MGI Ref ID J:105679]

Oliver JR; Mara TW; Cherian MG. 2005. Impaired hepatic regeneration in metallothionein-I/II knockout mice after partial hepatectomy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 230(1):61-7. [PubMed: 15618127]  [MGI Ref ID J:109814]

Ono S; Koropatnick DJ; Cherian MG. 1997. Regional brain distribution of metallothionein, zinc and copper in toxic milk mutant and transgenic mice. Toxicology 124(1):1-10. [PubMed: 9392450]  [MGI Ref ID J:44523]

Oshima Y; Fujio Y; Nakanishi T; Itoh N; Yamamoto Y; Negoro S; Tanaka K; Kishimoto T; Kawase I; Azuma J. 2005. STAT3 mediates cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury through metallothionein induction in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 65(2):428-35. [PubMed: 15639482]  [MGI Ref ID J:134625]

Oz HS; Chen T; de Villiers WJ; McClain CJ. 2005. Metallothionein overexpression does not protect against inflammatory bowel disease in a murine colitis model. Med Sci Monit 11(3):BR69-73. [PubMed: 15735556]  [MGI Ref ID J:127866]

Penkowa M; Carrasco J; Giralt M; Moos T; Hidalgo J. 1999. CNS wound healing is severely depressed in metallothionein I- and II-deficient mice. J Neurosci 19(7):2535-45. [PubMed: 10087067]  [MGI Ref ID J:53929]

Penkowa M; Espejo C; Martinez-Caceres EM; Montalban X; Hidalgo J. 2003. Increased demyelination and axonal damage in metallothionein I+II-deficient mice during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Cell Mol Life Sci 60(1):185-97. [PubMed: 12613667]  [MGI Ref ID J:115509]

Penkowa M; Espejo C; Martinez-Caceres EM; Poulsen CB; Montalban X; Hidalgo J. 2001. Altered inflammatory response and increased neurodegeneration in metallothionein I+II deficient mice during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 119(2):248-60. [PubMed: 11585628]  [MGI Ref ID J:103102]

Penkowa M; Giralt M; Lago N; Camats J; Carrasco J; Hernandez J; Molinero A; Campbell IL; Hidalgo J. 2003. Astrocyte-targeted expression of IL-6 protects the CNSagainst a focal brain injury. Exp Neurol 181(2):130-48. [PubMed: 12781987]  [MGI Ref ID J:83736]

Puttaparthi K; Gitomer WL; Krishnan U; Son M; Rajendran B; Elliott JL. 2002. Disease progression in a transgenic model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is dependent on both neuronal and non-neuronal zinc binding proteins. J Neurosci 22(20):8790-6. [PubMed: 12388585]  [MGI Ref ID J:79760]

Qu W; Diwan BA; Liu J; Goyer RA; Dawson T; Horton JL; Cherian MG; Waalkes MP. 2002. The metallothionein-null phenotype is associated with heightened sensitivity to lead toxicity and an inability to form inclusion bodies. Am J Pathol 160(3):1047-56. [PubMed: 11891201]  [MGI Ref ID J:75301]

Rojas P; Klaassen CD. 1999. Metallothionein-I and -II knock-out mice are not more sensitive than control mice to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine neurotoxicity. Neurosci Lett 273(2):113-6. [PubMed: 10505629]  [MGI Ref ID J:59769]

Sato M; Kawakami T; Kondoh M; Takiguchi M; Kadota Y; Himeno S; Suzuki S. 2010. Development of high-fat-diet-induced obesity in female metallothionein-null mice. FASEB J 24(7):2375-84. [PubMed: 20219986]  [MGI Ref ID J:162351]

Sharma SK; El Refaey H; Ebadi M. 2006. Complex-1 activity and 18F-DOPA uptake in genetically engineered mouse model of Parkinson's disease and the neuroprotective role of coenzyme Q10. Brain Res Bull 70(1):22-32. [PubMed: 16750479]  [MGI Ref ID J:112754]

Stankovic RK; Lee V; Kekic M; Harper C. 2003. The expression and significance of metallothioneins in murine organs and tissues following mercury vapour exposure. Toxicol Pathol 31(5):514-23. [PubMed: 14692620]  [MGI Ref ID J:126199]

Stankovic RK; Li Z. 2006. Decreased neurofilament density in large myelinated axons of metallothionein-I, II knockout mice. Neurosci Lett 402(1-2):1-6. [PubMed: 16600496]  [MGI Ref ID J:111123]

Suemori S; Shimazawa M; Kawase K; Satoh M; Nagase H; Yamamoto T; Hara H. 2006. Metallothionein, an endogenous antioxidant, protects against retinal neuron damage in mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(9):3975-82. [PubMed: 16936113]  [MGI Ref ID J:116275]

Vidal E; Tortosa R; Marquez M; Serafin A; Hidalgo J; Pumarola M. 2008. Infection of metallothionein 1+2 knockout mice with Rocky Mountain Laboratory scrapie. Brain Res 1196:140-50. [PubMed: 18221736]  [MGI Ref ID J:131897]

Waalkes MP; Liu J; Goyer RA; Diwan BA. 2004. Metallothionein-I/II double knockout mice are hypersensitive to lead-induced kidney carcinogenesis: role of inclusion body formation. Cancer Res 64(21):7766-72. [PubMed: 15520181]  [MGI Ref ID J:93863]

Waalkes MP; Liu J; Kasprzak KS; Diwan BA. 2006. Hypersusceptibility to cisplatin carcinogenicity in metallothionein-I/II double knockout mice: production of hepatocellular carcinoma at clinically relevant doses. Int J Cancer 119(1):28-32. [PubMed: 16432836]  [MGI Ref ID J:108564]

Waalkes MP; Liu J; Kasprzak KS; Diwan BA. 2005. Metallothionein-I/II double knockout mice are no more sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of nickel subsulfide than wild-type mice. Int J Toxicol 24(4):215-20. [PubMed: 16126615]  [MGI Ref ID J:104179]

Waelput W; Broekaert D; Vandekerckhove J; Brouckaert P; Tavernier J; Libert C. 2001. A mediator role for metallothionein in tumor necrosis factor-induced lethal shock. J Exp Med 194(11):1617-24. [PubMed: 11733576]  [MGI Ref ID J:73099]

Wang L; Zhou Z; Saari JT; Kang YJ. 2005. Alcohol-induced myocardial fibrosis in metallothionein-null mice: prevention by zinc supplementation. Am J Pathol 167(2):337-44. [PubMed: 16049321]  [MGI Ref ID J:99953]

Wang WH; Li LF; Zhang BX; Lu XY. 2004. Metallothionein-null mice exhibit reduced tolerance to ultraviolet B injury in vivo. Clin Exp Dermatol 29(1):57-61. [PubMed: 14723724]  [MGI Ref ID J:101785]

Wastney ME; House WA. 2008. Development of a compartmental model of zinc kinetics in mice. J Nutr 138(11):2148-55. [PubMed: 18936212]  [MGI Ref ID J:140652]

Wesselkamper SC; McDowell SA; Medvedovic M; Dalton TP; Deshmukh HS; Sartor MA; Case LM; Henning LN; Borchers MT; Tomlinson CR; Prows DR; Leikauf GD. 2006. The role of metallothionein in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 34(1):73-82. [PubMed: 16166738]  [MGI Ref ID J:120196]

Xie T; Tong L; McCann UD; Yuan J; Becker KG; Mechan AO; Cheadle C; Donovan DM; Ricaurte GA. 2004. Identification and characterization of metallothionein-1 and -2 gene expression in the context of (+/-)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced toxicity to brain dopaminergic neurons. J Neurosci 24(32):7043-50. [PubMed: 15306638]  [MGI Ref ID J:97267]

Zhou Z; Wang L; Song Z; Saari JT; McClain CJ; Kang YJ. 2004. Abrogation of nuclear factor-kappaB activation is involved in zinc inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and liver injury. Am J Pathol 164(5):1547-56. [PubMed: 15111301]  [MGI Ref ID J:89568]

Zhou Z; Wang L; Song Z; Saari JT; McClain CJ; Kang YJ. 2005. Zinc Supplementation Prevents Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice through Attenuation of Oxidative Stress. Am J Pathol 166(6):1681-90. [PubMed: 15920153]  [MGI Ref ID J:98817]

Zuo P; Qu W; Cooper RN; Goyer RA; Diwan BA; Waalkes MP. 2009. Potential role of alpha-synuclein and metallothionein in lead-induced inclusion body formation. Toxicol Sci 111(1):100-8. [PubMed: 19542206]  [MGI Ref ID J:152425]

Health & husbandry

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Animal Health Reports

Room Number           FGB29

Colony Maintenance

Breeding & HusbandryThe Mt1tm1Bri Mt2tm1Bri strain is maintained by mating homozygous siblings. Homozygous mice may be ordered. Expected coat color from breeding:White Bellied Agouti
Mating SystemHomozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male)   01-MAR-06
Diet Information LabDiet® 5K52/5K67

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Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls


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Live Mice

Price (US dollars $)GenderGenotypes Provided
Individual Mouse $125.00Female or MaleHomozygous for Mt1tm1Bri, Homozygous for Mt2tm1Bri
Pairs /Price (US dollars $)Pair Genotype
$250.00Homozygous for Mt1tm1Bri, Homozygous for Mt2tm1Bri x Homozygous for Mt1tm1Bri, Homozygous for Mt2tm1Bri

Standard Supply

Repository-Live. The Repository Strains represent an exclusive set of over 1500 unique mouse models maintained at The Jackson Laboratory to support a vast array of research areas. The breeding colonies for Repository Strains provide mice for both large and small orders and fluctuate in size depending on current demand for each strain. We treat orders for these strains as custom orders. Within 2 business days, we respond to each availability inquiry or order with various delivery options. Repository Strains typically are delivered at 4 to 8 weeks of age and will not exceed 12 weeks of age on the day of shipping.

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Live Mice

Price (US dollars $)GenderGenotypes Provided
Individual Mouse $162.50Female or MaleHomozygous for Mt1tm1Bri, Homozygous for Mt2tm1Bri
Pairs /Price (US dollars $)Pair Genotype
$325.00Homozygous for Mt1tm1Bri, Homozygous for Mt2tm1Bri x Homozygous for Mt1tm1Bri, Homozygous for Mt2tm1Bri

Standard Supply

Repository-Live. The Repository Strains represent an exclusive set of over 1500 unique mouse models maintained at The Jackson Laboratory to support a vast array of research areas. The breeding colonies for Repository Strains provide mice for both large and small orders and fluctuate in size depending on current demand for each strain. We treat orders for these strains as custom orders. Within 2 business days, we respond to each availability inquiry or order with various delivery options. Repository Strains typically are delivered at 4 to 8 weeks of age and will not exceed 12 weeks of age on the day of shipping.

View USA Canada and Mexico Pricing View International Pricing

Standard Supply

Repository-Live. The Repository Strains represent an exclusive set of over 1500 unique mouse models maintained at The Jackson Laboratory to support a vast array of research areas. The breeding colonies for Repository Strains provide mice for both large and small orders and fluctuate in size depending on current demand for each strain. We treat orders for these strains as custom orders. Within 2 business days, we respond to each availability inquiry or order with various delivery options. Repository Strains typically are delivered at 4 to 8 weeks of age and will not exceed 12 weeks of age on the day of shipping.

General Supply Notes

  • This strain is included in the Induced Mutant Resource Colony collection.
  • Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

Control Information

  Control
   002448 129S1/SvImJ (approximate)
 
  Considerations for Choosing Controls
  Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
 

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The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.
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