Strain Name:

B6.129P2-Il10tm1Cgn/J

Stock Number:

002251

Availability:

Level 3

Use Restrictions Apply, see Terms of Use

Description

Strain Information

Type Congenic; Mutant Strain; Targeted Mutation;
Additional information on Genetically Engineered Mutant Mice.
Mating SystemHomozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male)
Specieslaboratory mouse
Background Strain C57BL/6
Donor Strain 129P2 via E14-1 ES cell line
GenerationN10F33 (20-DEC-06)
 
Donating Investigator Sandy Morse,   National Institutes of Health

Appearance
black
Related Genotype: a/a

Description
Mice homozygous for the Il10tm1Cgn targeted mutation are viable and fertile when housed under specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions. Under conventional housing conditions, Il10-deficiency is associated with altered lymphocyte and myeloid profiles, elevated serum amyloid A levels, altered responses to inflammatory or autoimmune stimuli (both endogenous and induced), increased prevalence of colorectal adenocarcinoma (especially on 129/Sv and, to a lesser extent, BALB/c genetic background), and spontaneous development of chronic enterocolitis (see below). As The Jackson Laboratory Repository maintains these mice at high health status conditions (high SPF), the observed or experimentally-induced Il10-deficient phenotype may vary from that previously published using mice from conventional mouse rooms. These IL-10 mutant mice may be useful studying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn's disease (CD) and/or colitis), cancer, innate and adaptive immunity, and many other areas of inflammatory or autoimmunity research.

The onset and severity of both spontaneous and experimentally-induced inflammatory phenotype of Il10-deficient mice is strongly influenced by the genetic background and the husbandry conditions (specific health status/commensal flora) of the vivaria in which mice are maintained.

For example, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; colitis and Crohn's disease) severity in mouse models is dependent upon interactions between specific genetic background and environmental factors (an as yet undefined component of the enteric flora of which Helicobacter spp. appear to be associated, but not specifically the environmental trigger). Both spontaneous and induced models of IBD demonstrate that susceptibility to intestinal inflammation varies markedly among inbred strains of mice. Generally, for Il10-deficient models on defined genetic backgrounds, the severity of colitis-related characteristics is most severe on C3H/HeJBir (Stock No. 004326 and Stock No. 003968) or 129/Sv (Stock No. 004368), intermediate on BALB/cJ (Stock No. 004333) or NOD/Lt (Stock No. 004266), and least severe on C57BL/10 (Stock No. 002250) or C57BL/6J (Stock No. 002251). Furthermore, the husbandry conditions (specific health status/commensal flora) of the vivaria in which mice are maintained significantly alter the onset and severity of spontaneous IBD; higher SPF conditions are associated with attenuated colitis. Il10-deficient mice on both the C3H/HeJBir and C57BL/6J genetic backgrounds exhibit a significant increase in peripheral blood granulocyte populations upon lesion development and this metric may be used as a robust non-lethal assessment of Il10-deficiency induced colitis onset and severity. Other indications of Il10-deficiency induced colitic lesion onset may include perianal ulceration (C3H/HeJBir background) or rectal prolapse (C57BL/6J background).

For a more detailed description please refer to the JAX Notes Fall 1997 article.

Development
The Il10tm1Cgn mutation was created by in the Laboratory of Dr. Werner Muller at the University of Cologne. Briefly, a targeting vector was designed to replace codons 5-55 of exon 1 of the targeted gene with a 24 bp linker (providing a termination codon) and a neo expression cassette, as well as introduce a termination codon into exon 3. The construct was electroporated into 129P2/OlaHsd-derived E14-1 embryonic stem (ES) cells. Correctly targeted ES cells were injected into recipient C57BL/6 blastocysts and chimeric males were bred with C57BL/6 females to establish the mutant colony on a mixed B6;129P2 genetic background. Subsequently, mutant mice were backcrossed to the C57BL/6J genetic background for several generations to generate this strain.

Control Information

  Control
   000664 C57BL/6J
 
  Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

View Strains carrying   Il10tm1Cgn     (10 strains)

Additional Web Information

Congenic Nomenclature
Genetic Quality Control Annual Report
JAX® NOTES, Fall 1997; 471. Il10tm1Cgn, an Interleukin-10 Gene Targeted Mutation.

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Related Disease (OMIM) Terms
Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1; IBD1 - Models with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies are distinct.2
2 Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of those genes do not appear in the mouse genotype(s).
View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms
      assigned by genotype

Il10tm1Cgn/Il10tm1Cgn

        B6.129P2-Il10tm1Cgn/J
  • immune system phenotype
  • abnormal regulatory T cell physiology (MGI Ref ID J:125748)
    • CD25-positive CD4 T cells from these mice fail to protect against the wasting disease induced by transferring naïve CD4 T cells into immunodeficient hosts
    • however, CD25-postive CD4 T cells inhibit the expansion of naive T cells in Rag2 deficient hosts as effectively as wild-type CD25-positive CD4 T cells

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX® Mice strain.

Il10tm1Cgn/Il10tm1Cgn

        involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6
  • digestive/alimentary phenotype
  • abnormal colon morphology (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
    • colonic prolapse is observed in some older mutants
  • abnormal intestinal mucosa morphology (MGI Ref ID J:68476)
    • at 9 weeks, 59% of mice displaying colitis develop a high grade dysplasia of the colonic mucosa
  • intestinal inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:15222)
    • enterocolitis involving the entire intestinal tract, duodenum, proximal jejunum, and proximal colon
    • inflammation was limited to the proximal colon under specific pathogen free conditions
    • spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops by 5 weeks in some animals
    • colitis (MGI Ref ID J:68476)
      • all Il10-null mice develop colitis by the age of 9 weeks in contrast to wild-type littermates
  • growth/size phenotype
  • postnatal growth retardation (MGI Ref ID J:15222)
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
  • anemia (MGI Ref ID J:15222)
  • increased thymus weight (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
    • increases with time and IBD
  • thymus hyperplasia (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
    • increases with time and IBD
  • immune system phenotype
  • *normal* immune system phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
    • B and T lymphocytes develop normally
    • normal immune response to T cell-dependent immunization
    • abnormal interferon level (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
      • IFNgamma is expressed in colon in mice with minor IBD symptoms
    • abnormal interleukin level (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
      • Il-2, but not Il-1beta is expressed in colon in mice with minor IBD symptoms
    • abnormal tumor necrosis factor level (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
      • TNFalpha is expressed in colon in mice with minor IBD symptoms
    • chronic inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:15222)
      • enterocolitis involving the entire intestinal tract, duodenum, proximal jejunum, and proximal colon
      • inflammation was limited to the proximal colon under specific pathogen free conditions
    • increased IgE level (MGI Ref ID J:62283)
      • total IgE levels are more than 7-fold higher and serum levels of OVA-specific IgE more than 2-fold higher than in wild-type mice after ovalbumin challenge
    • increased IgG1 level (MGI Ref ID J:62283)
      • OVA-specific IgG1 levels are higher in ovalbumin-sensitized mutants
    • increased IgG2a level (MGI Ref ID J:62283)
      • OVA-specific IgG2a levels are higher in ovalbumin-sensitized mutants
    • increased susceptibility to parasitic infection (MGI Ref ID J:123927)
      • time to death induced by exposure to Plasmodium falciparum is decreased compared to in wild-type mice (7+/-0 days compared to 7.8+/-0.2 days, respectively)
      • in mice depleted of regulatory T cells, experimental cerebral malaria is delayed following exposure to Plasmodium falciparum but disease progression occurs unlike in wild-type mice similarly treated
    • increased thymus weight (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
      • increases with time and IBD
    • intestinal inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:15222)
      • enterocolitis involving the entire intestinal tract, duodenum, proximal jejunum, and proximal colon
      • inflammation was limited to the proximal colon under specific pathogen free conditions
      • spontaneous inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops by 5 weeks in some animals
      • colitis (MGI Ref ID J:68476)
        • all Il10-null mice develop colitis by the age of 9 weeks in contrast to wild-type littermates
    • thymus hyperplasia (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
      • increases with time and IBD
  • tumorigenesis
  • intestinal adenocarcinoma (MGI Ref ID J:68476)
    • at 9 weeks, 13% of homozygotes have adenocarcinomas
    • in 10-31 week old animals, there is a 65% incidence of colorectal carcinomas
  • respiratory system phenotype
  • decreased airway responsiveness (MGI Ref ID J:62283)
    • mutants sensitized and challenged to ovalbumin (OVA) fail to develop airway hyper-responsiveness despite a significant eosinophilic airway inflammatory response
    • mutants are hyporesponsive to electrical field stimulation of trachea smooth muscle after OVA aerosol challenge
  • cardiovascular system phenotype
  • abnormal leukotriene physiology (MGI Ref ID J:62283)
    • OVA-sensitized mutants exhibit higher eosinophil peroxidase and leukotriene levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than wild-type mice
  • homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
  • abnormal interferon level (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
    • IFNgamma is expressed in colon in mice with minor IBD symptoms
  • abnormal interleukin level (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
    • Il-2, but not Il-1beta is expressed in colon in mice with minor IBD symptoms
  • abnormal tumor necrosis factor level (MGI Ref ID J:107077)
    • TNFalpha is expressed in colon in mice with minor IBD symptoms

Il10tm1Cgn/Il10tm1Cgn

        involves: 129P2/OlaHsd
  • immune system phenotype
  • abnormal inflammatory response (MGI Ref ID J:117122)
    • after three subcutaneous injections of LPS into the flank, mice develop solid subcutaneous swellings whereas wild-type do not
    • lesion is associated with infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, edema, and extensive necrosis of dermal, epidermal, and muscle layers of skin
    • 5 days after flank injection of CpG, mice develop solid subcutaneous swellings at the injection site; lesions show conspicuous edema, massive infiltration by macrophages and neutrophilic granulocytes, and extensive necrosis of the dermis, epidermis and muscle layer of the skin while lesions in controls do not display edema or necrosis and show infiltration by macrophages primarily
    • abnormal cytokine secretion (MGI Ref ID J:117122)
      • 6 hours after LPS injection, TNF, Il12 and Ifng levels are substantially higher than in controls
    • increased susceptibility to endotoxin shock (MGI Ref ID J:117122)
      • i.p. injection of LPS results in death in all animal by 48 hours, compared to survival of 23/25 controls
    • intestinal inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:113376)
      • mice show exaggerated inflammatory response upon exposure to CML-mps-containing eluate compared to control
  • digestive/alimentary phenotype
  • intestinal inflammation (MGI Ref ID J:113376)
    • mice show exaggerated inflammatory response upon exposure to CML-mps-containing eluate compared to control
  • reproductive system phenotype
  • abnormal reproductive system physiology (MGI Ref ID J:130208)
    • mice treated with Gal1 exhibit less protection from stress-induced fetal loss compared to similarly treated wild-type mice
View Research Applications

Research Applications
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Il10tm1Cgn related

Cancer Research
Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines

Hematological Research
Anemia, Iron Deficiency and Transport Defects (hemolytic)
Immunological Defects

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Autoimmunity
Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines
Immunodeficiency
Inflammation (Inflammatory bowel disease)

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol Il10tm1Cgn
Allele Name targeted mutation 1, University of Cologne
Allele Type Targeted (knock-out)
Common Name(s) IL-10 KO; IL-10-; IL-10KO; IL-10KO; Il10-; Il10tmCgn;
Mutation Made By Ralf Kuhn,   University of Cologne
Strain of Origin129P2/OlaHsd
ES Cell Line NameE14.1
ES Cell Line Strain129P2/OlaHsd
Gene Symbol and Name Il10, interleukin 10
Chromosome 1
Gene Common Name(s) CSIF; IL-10; IL10A; IL10X; Il-10; MGC126450; MGC126451; TGIF; cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor;
Molecular Note A 500 bp genomic fragment containing codons 5-55 was replaced with a linker containing a termination codon followed by a neomycin cassette. A termination codon was also introduced into exon 3. No IL10 activity was detectable in ELISA assays in supernatants of in vitro splenic T cells derived from homozygous mice.

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Il10tm1Cgn, STD PCR, vers. 1

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Selected Reference(s)

Kuhn R; Lohler J; Rennick D; Rajewsky K; Muller W. 1993. Interleukin-10-deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis [see comments] Cell 75(2):263-74. [PubMed: 8402911]  [MGI Ref ID J:15222]

Additional References

Berg DJ; Davidson N; Kuhn R; Muller W; Menon S; Holland G; Thompson-Snipes L; Leach MW; Rennick D. 1996. Enterocolitis and colon cancer in interleukin-10-deficient mice are associated with aberrant cytokine production and CD4(+) TH1-like responses. J Clin Invest 98(4):1010-20. [PubMed: 8770874]  [MGI Ref ID J:35020]

Bernert H; Sekikawa K; Radcliffe RA; Iraqi F; You M; Malkinson AM. 2003. Tnfa and Il-10 deficiencies have contrasting effects on lung tumor susceptibility: Gender-dependent modulation of IL-10 haploinsufficiency. Mol Carcinog 38(3):117-23. [PubMed: 14587096]  [MGI Ref ID J:86489]

Das G; Augustine MM; Das J; Bottomly K; Ray P; Ray A. 2003. An important regulatory role for CD4+CD8 alpha alpha T cells in the intestinal epithelial layer in the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(9):5324-9. [PubMed: 12695566]  [MGI Ref ID J:83283]

Dresner-Pollak R; Gelb N; Rachmilewitz D; Karmeli F; Weinreb M. 2004. Interleukin 10-deficient mice develop osteopenia, decreased bone formation, and mechanical fragility of long bones. Gastroenterology 127(3):792-801. [PubMed: 15362035]  [MGI Ref ID J:93577]

Froicu M; Weaver V; Wynn TA; McDowell MA; Welsh JE; Cantorna MT. 2003. A crucial role for the vitamin d receptor in experimental inflammatory bowel diseases. Mol Endocrinol 17(12):2386-92. [PubMed: 14500760]  [MGI Ref ID J:86860]

Hegazi RA; Mady HH; Melhem MF; Sepulveda AR; Mohi M; Kandil HM. 2003. Celecoxib and rofecoxib potentiate chronic colitis and premalignant changes in interleukin 10 knockout mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 9(4):230-6. [PubMed: 12902846]  [MGI Ref ID J:85702]

Huang EH; Carter JJ; Whelan RL; Liu YH; Rosenberg JO; Rotterdam H; Schmidt AM; Stern DM; Forde KA. 2002. Colonoscopy in mice. Surg Endosc 16(1):22-4. [PubMed: 11961598]  [MGI Ref ID J:77864]

Justice JP; Shibata Y; Sur S; Mustafa J; Fan M; Van Scott MR. 2001. IL-10 gene knockout attenuates allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 280(2):L363-8. [PubMed: 11159016]  [MGI Ref ID J:68061]

Lin T; Bost KL. 2004. STAT3 activation in macrophages following infection with Salmonella. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 321(4):828-34. [PubMed: 15358102]  [MGI Ref ID J:91740]

Mizoguchi A; Mizoguchi E; Takedatsu H; Blumberg RS; Bhan AK. 2002. Chronic Intestinal Inflammatory Condition Generates IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cell Subset Characterized by CD1d Upregulation. Immunity 16(2):219-30. [PubMed: 11869683]  [MGI Ref ID J:74718]

Morrison AC; Wilson CB; Ray M; Correll PH. 2004. Macrophage-stimulating protein, the ligand for the stem cell-derived tyrosine kinase/RON receptor tyrosine kinase, inhibits IL-12 production by primary peritoneal macrophages stimulated with IFN-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 172(3):1825-32. [PubMed: 14734766]  [MGI Ref ID J:87661]

Murphy ML; Wille U; Villegas EN; Hunter CA; Farrell JP. 2001. IL-10 mediates susceptibility to Leishmania donovani infection. Eur J Immunol 31(10):2848-56. [PubMed: 11592059]  [MGI Ref ID J:72355]

O'Mahony L; Feeney M; O'Halloran S; Murphy L; Kiely B; Fitzgibbon J; Lee G; O'Sullivan G; Shanahan F; Collins JK. 2001. Probiotic impact on microbial flora, inflammation and tumour development in IL-10 knockout mice. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 15(8):1219-25. [PubMed: 11472326]  [MGI Ref ID J:70926]

Pimenta-Araujo R; Mascarell L; Huesca M; Cumano A; Bandeira A. 2002. Deoxyguanosine blocks allograft rejection of thymic epithelium but not lymphocyte infiltration and recognition. Eur J Immunol 32(1):77-86. [PubMed: 11754006]  [MGI Ref ID J:73937]

Rachmilewitz D; Karmeli F; Takabayashi K; Hayashi T; Leider-Trejo L; Lee J; Leoni LM; Raz E. 2002. Immunostimulatory DNA ameliorates experimental and spontaneous murine colitis. Gastroenterology 122(5):1428-41. [PubMed: 11984528]  [MGI Ref ID J:76343]

Teshima T; Reddy P; Lowler KP; KuKuruga MA; Liu C; Cooke KR; Ferrara JL. 2002. Flt3 ligand therapy for recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants expands host CD8 alpha(+) dendritic cells and reduces experimental acute graft-versus-host disease. Blood 99(5):1825-32. [PubMed: 11861301]  [MGI Ref ID J:75083]

Wang Q; Fang CH; Hasselgren PO. 2001. Intestinal permeability is reduced and IL-10 levels are increased in septic IL-6 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 281(3):R1013-23. [PubMed: 11507020]  [MGI Ref ID J:71507]

Yin Z; Bahtiyar G; Zhang N; Liu L; Zhu P; Robert ME; McNiff J; Madaio MP; Craft J. 2002. IL-10 regulates murine lupus. J Immunol 169(4):2148-55. [PubMed: 12165544]  [MGI Ref ID J:78239]

Il10tm1Cgn related

Akhiani AA; Stensson A; Schon K; Lycke NY. 2005. IgA antibodies impair resistance against Helicobacter pylori infection: studies on immune evasion in IL-10-deficient mice. J Immunol 174(12):8144-53. [PubMed: 15944323]  [MGI Ref ID J:100891]

Aliberti J; Viola JP; Vieira-de-Abreu A; Bozza PT; Sher A; Scharfstein J. 2003. Cutting edge: Bradykinin induces IL-12 production by dendritic cells: a danger signal that drives Th1 polarization. J Immunol 170(11):5349-53. [PubMed: 12759407]  [MGI Ref ID J:83453]

Allen HL; Deepe GS Jr. 2005. Apoptosis modulates protective immunity to the pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. J Clin Invest 115(10):2875-85. [PubMed: 16151533]  [MGI Ref ID J:101533]

Allen HL; Deepe GS Jr. 2006. B cells and CD4-CD8- T cells are key regulators of the severity of reactivation histoplasmosis. J Immunol 177(3):1763-71. [PubMed: 16849486]  [MGI Ref ID J:138028]

Almeida AR; Legrand N; Papiernik M; Freitas AA. 2002. Homeostasis of peripheral CD4+ T cells: IL-2R alpha and IL-2 shape a population of regulatory cells that controls CD4+ T cell numbers. J Immunol 169(9):4850-60. [PubMed: 12391195]  [MGI Ref ID J:125748]

Amante FH; Stanley AC; Randall LM; Zhou Y; Haque A; McSweeney K; Waters AP; Janse CJ; Good MF; Hill GR; Engwerda CR. 2007. A role for natural regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria. Am J Pathol 171(2):548-59. [PubMed: 17600128]  [MGI Ref ID J:123927]

Ameredes BT; Sethi JM; Liu HL; Choi AM; Calhoun WJ. 2005. Enhanced nitric oxide production associated with airway hyporesponsiveness in the absence of IL-10. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 288(5):L868-73. [PubMed: 15618456]  [MGI Ref ID J:115459]

Ameredes BT; Zamora R; Gibson KF; Billiar TR; Dixon-McCarthy B; Watkins S; Calhoun WJ. 2001. Increased nitric oxide production by airway cells of sensitized and challenged IL-10 knockout mice. J Leukoc Biol 70(5):730-6. [PubMed: 11698492]  [MGI Ref ID J:124461]

Ameredes BT; Zamora R; Sethi JM; Liu HL; Kohut LK; Gligonic AL; Choi AM; Calhoun WJ. 2005. Alterations in nitric oxide and cytokine production with airway inflammation in the absence of IL-10. J Immunol 175(2):1206-13. [PubMed: 16002724]  [MGI Ref ID J:100726]

Ananieva O; Darragh J; Johansen C; Carr JM; McIlrath J; Park JM; Wingate A; Monk CE; Toth R; Santos SG; Iversen L; Arthur JS. 2008. The kinases MSK1 and MSK2 act as negative regulators of Toll-like receptor signaling. Nat Immunol 9(9):1028-36. [PubMed: 18690222]  [MGI Ref ID J:139576]

Anderson AC; Reddy J; Nazareno R; Sobel RA; Nicholson LB; Kuchroo VK. 2004. IL-10 plays an important role in the homeostatic regulation of the autoreactive repertoire in naive mice. J Immunol 173(2):828-34. [PubMed: 15240669]  [MGI Ref ID J:91913]

Anderson CF; Oukka M; Kuchroo VJ; Sacks D. 2007. CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(-) Th1 cells are the source of IL-10-mediated immune suppression in chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Exp Med 204(2):285-97. [PubMed: 17283207]  [MGI Ref ID J:125372]

Andrassy M; Igwe J; Autschbach F; Volz C; Remppis A; Neurath MF; Schleicher E; Humpert PM; Wendt T; Liliensiek B; Morcos M; Schiekofer S; Thiele K; Chen J; Kientsch-Engel R; Schmidt AM; Stremmel W; Stern DM; Katus HA; Nawroth PP; Bierhaus A. 2006. Posttranslationally modified proteins as mediators of sustained intestinal inflammation. Am J Pathol 169(4):1223-37. [PubMed: 17003481]  [MGI Ref ID J:113376]

Apte RS; Richter J; Herndon J; Ferguson TA. 2006. Macrophages inhibit neovascularization in a murine model of age-related macular degeneration. PLoS Med 3(8):e310. [PubMed: 16903779]  [MGI Ref ID J:134144]

Arsenescu R; Blum AM; Metwali A; Elliott DE; Weinstock JV. 2005. IL-12 induction of mRNA encoding substance P in murine macrophages from the spleen and sites of inflammation. J Immunol 174(7):3906-11. [PubMed: 15778345]  [MGI Ref ID J:110005]

Auerbuch V; Isberg RR. 2007. Growth of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in Mice Occurs Independently of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Expression and Induction of Interleukin-10. Infect Immun 75(7):3561-70. [PubMed: 17420232]  [MGI Ref ID J:122417]

Awasthi A; Carrier Y; Peron JP; Bettelli E; Kamanaka M; Flavell RA; Kuchroo VK; Oukka M; Weiner HL. 2007. A dominant function for interleukin 27 in generating interleukin 10-producing anti-inflammatory T cells. Nat Immunol 8(12):1380-9. [PubMed: 17994022]  [MGI Ref ID J:127774]

Balasa B; La Cava A; Van Gunst K; Mocnik L; Balakrishna D; Nguyen N; Tucker L; Sarvetnick N. 2000. A mechanism for IL-10-mediated diabetes in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse: ICAM-1 deficiency blocks accelerated diabetes J Immunol 165(12):7330-7. [PubMed: 11120869]  [MGI Ref ID J:66103]

Balasa B; Van Gunst K; Jung N; Katz JD; Sarvetnick N. 2000. IL-10 deficiency does not inhibit insulitis and accelerates cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Cell Immunol 202(2):97-102. [PubMed: 10896769]  [MGI Ref ID J:114170]

Bandukwala HS; Clay BS; Tong J; Mody PD; Cannon JL; Shilling RA; Verbeek JS; Weinstock JV; Solway J; Sperling AI. 2007. Signaling through Fc gamma RIII is required for optimal T helper type (Th)2 responses and Th2-mediated airway inflammation. J Exp Med 204(8):1875-89. [PubMed: 17664287]  [MGI Ref ID J:125951]

Beckwith J; Cong Y; Sundberg JP; Elson CO; Leiter EH. 2005. Cdcs1, a major colitogenic locus in mice, regulates innate and adaptive immune response to enteric bacterial antigens. Gastroenterology 129(5):1473-84. [PubMed: 16285949]  [MGI Ref ID J:101721]

Beenhouwer DO; Shapiro S; Feldmesser M; Casadevall A; Scharff MD. 2001. Both Th1 and Th2 Cytokines Affect the Ability of Monoclonal Antibodies To Protect Mice against Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun 69(10):6445-55. [PubMed: 11553589]  [MGI Ref ID J:71570]

Beissert S; Hosoi J; Kuhn R; Rajewsky K; Muller W; Granstein RD. 1996. Impaired immunosuppressive response to ultraviolet radiation in interleukin-10-deficient mice. J Invest Dermatol 107(4):553-7. [PubMed: 8823360]  [MGI Ref ID J:35510]

Beiting DP; Bliss SK; Schlafer DH; Roberts VL; Appleton JA. 2004. Interleukin-10 limits local and body cavity inflammation during infection with muscle-stage Trichinella spiralis. Infect Immun 72(6):3129-37. [PubMed: 15155614]  [MGI Ref ID J:90250]

Belkaid Y; Hoffmann KF; Mendez S; Kamhawi S; Udey MC; Wynn TA; Sacks DL. 2001. The role of interleukin (IL)-10 in the persistence of Leishmania major in the skin after healing and the therapeutic potential of anti-IL-10 receptor antibody for sterile cure. J Exp Med 194(10):1497-506. [PubMed: 11714756]  [MGI Ref ID J:118003]

Berg DJ; Davidson N; Kuhn R; Muller W; Menon S; Holland G; Thompson-Snipes L; Leach MW; Rennick D. 1996. Enterocolitis and colon cancer in interleukin-10-deficient mice are associated with aberrant cytokine production and CD4(+) TH1-like responses. J Clin Invest 98(4):1010-20. [PubMed: 8770874]  [MGI Ref ID J:35020]

Berg DJ; Leach MW; Kuhn R; Rajewsky K; Muller W; Davidson NJ; Rennick D. 1995. Interleukin 10 but not interleukin 4 is a natural suppressant of cutaneous inflammatory responses. J Exp Med 182(1):99-108. [PubMed: 7790826]  [MGI Ref ID J:26221]

Bernert H; Sekikawa K; Radcliffe RA; Iraqi F; You M; Malkinson AM. 2003. Tnfa and Il-10 deficiencies have contrasting effects on lung tumor susceptibility: Gender-dependent modulation of IL-10 haploinsufficiency. Mol Carcinog 38(3):117-23. [PubMed: 14587096]  [MGI Ref ID J:86489]

Bettelli E; Das MP; Howard ED; Weiner HL; Sobel RA; Kuchroo VK. 1998. IL-10 is critical in the regulation of autoimmune encephalomyelitis as demonstrated by studies of IL-10- and IL-4-deficient and transgenic mice. J Immunol 161(7):3299-306. [PubMed: 9759845]  [MGI Ref ID J:115204]

Biburger M; Tiegs G. 2008. Activation-induced NKT cell hyporesponsiveness protects from alpha-galactosylceramide hepatitis and is independent of active transregulatory factors. J Leukoc Biol 84(1):264-79. [PubMed: 18407967]  [MGI Ref ID J:137749]

Bliss SK; Alcaraz A; Appleton JA. 2003. IL-10 prevents liver necrosis during murine infection with Trichinella spiralis. J Immunol 171(6):3142-7. [PubMed: 12960341]  [MGI Ref ID J:85372]

Blois SM; Ilarregui JM; Tometten M; Garcia M; Orsal AS; Cordo-Russo R; Toscano MA; Bianco GA; Kobelt P; Handjiski B; Tirado I; Markert UR; Klapp BF; Poirier F; Szekeres-Bartho J; Rabinovich GA; Arck PC. 2007. A pivotal role for galectin-1 in fetomaternal tolerance. Nat Med 13(12):1450-7. [PubMed: 18026113]  [MGI Ref ID J:130208]

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