Description

The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.

Strain Information

Type Mutant Stock; Targeted Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Species laboratory mouse Generation F?+4 Generation Definitions   Donating Investigator David Chaplin,   University of Alabama at Birmingham

Appearance
white-bellied agouti
Related Genotype: A^w/?

black
Related Genotype: a/a

Description
Mice homozygous Lta^tm1Dch targeted mutation are viable and fertile. Homozygous mutant mice show abnormal development of peripheral lymphoid organs with no detectable popliteal, inguinal, para-aortic, mesenteric, axillary, or cervical lymph nodes, and no detectable Peyer's patches. Morphological changes in the spleen white pulp were accompanied by alterations in T and B cell content. CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells counts in peripheral blood are normal but there is a four-fold increase in B cells. Neutrophil, monocyte, and platelet counts are normal. The thymus contains normal numbers of CD4⁺CD8⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD4^-CD8^- T cells. Splenic T cells develop normal MHC class I and class II-restricted allocytotoxic responses. Also known as tumor necrosis factor beta, Tnfb.

Development
The targeting strategy resulted in the elemination of exon 3 (4 exons total) and the introduction of a stop codon in exon 2. The predominant 1.5 and 1.8 kb Lta transcripts are missing and a major 3 kb transcript consistent with the structure of the targeted gene is present. 129 derived D3 ES cells were used for the targeting

Control Information

	Control
	101045 B6129SF2/J	(approximate)
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Lta^tm1Dch allele

002258

B6.129S2-Ltatm1Dch/J

View Strains carrying   Lta^tm1Dch     (1 strain)

Strains carrying other alleles of Lta

005108	B6.129P2-Ltb/Tnf/Ltatm1Dvk/J
002258	B6.129S2-Ltatm1Dch/J
005579	C57BL/6J-Ltahlb382/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Lta     (3 strains)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGI

      assigned by genotype

Lta^tm1Dch/Lta^tm1Dch

        involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6

• mortality/aging
• increased sensitivity to induced morbidity/mortality
  • in response to LPS and D-GalN administration, percentage of severely moribund mice is 0 at 7 hours; 3/7 mice are severely moribund at 8 hours   (MGI Ref ID J:109621)
• immune system phenotype
• abnormal class switch recombination
  • 19 days after immunization with OVA, mice display an isotype switch to IgG from IgM that is several fold decreased compared to wild-type   (MGI Ref ID J:109621)
• abnormal humoral immune response
  • in response to stimulation with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), mice fail to produce anti-SRBC IgG at day 6 and only produce a negligible amount by day 15 unlike wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:39746)
• abnormal leukocyte cell number   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
• • decreased T cell number
    • in the spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • increased leukocyte cell number
    • nearly 3 fold increase   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
    • neutrophil, monocyte, platelet counts normal   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • • increased B cell number
      • 4 fold increase in B cell numbers   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
      • 30% increase in IgM positive and B220 positive B lymphocytes   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
• abnormal lymph node morphology
  • lack para-aortic lymph nodes   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
• • abnormal lymph node primary follicle morphology
    • only occasional BP-3 cells are found in some lymphoid follicles   (MGI Ref ID J:109621)
  • absent axillary lymph nodes   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • absent cervical lymph nodes   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • absent inguinal lymph nodes   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • absent mesenteric lymph nodes   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • absent popliteal lymph nodes   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
• abnormal spleen morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • mice exhibit extensive disorganization   (MGI Ref ID J:39746)
• • abnormal spleen periarteriolar lymphoid sheath morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • absent spleen marginal zone
    • loss of a distinct marginal zone   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • decreased spleen white pulp amount
    • percentage of splenic white pulp is lower than in wild-type, Ltb nulls and Lta^tm1.1Sned but higher than Ltb, Ltbr or Ltb/Tnf/Lta knockouts   (MGI Ref ID J:109621)
• absent Peyer's patches
  • not grossly detectable   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
• decreased interferon-gamma secretion
  • in culture, OVA-specific Ifng production from purified CD4+ T cells is decreased 2-fold compared to Lta^tm1.1Sned   (MGI Ref ID J:109621)
• decreased tumor necrosis factor secretion
  • in response to LPS, mice demonstrate a 10-fold decrease in production of TNF compared to wild-type or Lta   (MGI Ref ID J:109621)
  • both bone marrow derived macrophages and neutrophils fail to produce normal levels of TNF when stimulated   (MGI Ref ID J:109621)
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• abnormal class switch recombination
  • 19 days after immunization with OVA, mice display an isotype switch to IgG from IgM that is several fold decreased compared to wild-type   (MGI Ref ID J:109621)
• abnormal leukocyte cell number   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
• • decreased T cell number
    • in the spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • increased leukocyte cell number
    • nearly 3 fold increase   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
    • neutrophil, monocyte, platelet counts normal   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • • increased B cell number
      • 4 fold increase in B cell numbers   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
      • 30% increase in IgM positive and B220 positive B lymphocytes   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
• abnormal spleen morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • mice exhibit extensive disorganization   (MGI Ref ID J:39746)
• • abnormal spleen periarteriolar lymphoid sheath morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • absent spleen marginal zone
    • loss of a distinct marginal zone   (MGI Ref ID J:17976)
  • decreased spleen white pulp amount
    • percentage of splenic white pulp is lower than in wild-type, Ltb nulls and Lta^tm1.1Sned but higher than Ltb, Ltbr or Ltb/Tnf/Lta knockouts   (MGI Ref ID J:109621)
• cellular phenotype
• abnormal class switch recombination
  • 19 days after immunization with OVA, mice display an isotype switch to IgG from IgM that is several fold decreased compared to wild-type   (MGI Ref ID J:109621)

Lta^tm1Dch/Lta^tm1Dch

        involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6J

• liver/biliary system phenotype
• *normal* liver/biliary system phenotype
  • mice fed a high cholesterol diet do not develop hepatic steatosis unlike Lta/Tnf^tm1Eug homozygotes   (MGI Ref ID J:112797)

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Lta^tm1Dch/Lta^tm1Dch

        B6.129S2-Lta^tm1Dch

• immune system phenotype
• abnormal class switch recombination
  • specific IgG antibodies are almost undetectable in SRBC immunized mutants, indicating defective class switching   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• abnormal immune serum protein physiology   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• • abnormal cytokine secretion
    • chemokine expression is essentially absent   (MGI Ref ID J:95222)
    • no Ifn-gamma produced in nasal-associated lymphoid tissue but it is found in the spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:95222)
  • decreased IgG level
    • defecient IgG antibody production   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
  • increased IgM level
    • total IgM levels are increased to about 2-times that of wild-type, due to an increase in number of IgM producing plasma cells in the spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• abnormal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue morphology
  • nasal-associated lymphoid tissue poorly developed and hypocellular   (MGI Ref ID J:95222)
• abnormal spleen morphology
  • mixed T- and B-cell areas and the boundary between white and red pulp is less defined   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• • abnormal spleen B cell follicle morphology
    • absence of polarized B-cell follicles   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
  • • absent spleen germinal center   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
  • absent spleen marginal zone   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
  • decreased spleen white pulp amount
    • gradual reduction of white pulp size   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• absent Peyer's patches
  • not grossly detectable   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• increased leukocyte cell number
  • 2- to 3- fold increase in leukocyte count in spleen, blood, and peritoneal cavity   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• abnormal class switch recombination
  • specific IgG antibodies are almost undetectable in SRBC immunized mutants, indicating defective class switching   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• abnormal spleen morphology
  • mixed T- and B-cell areas and the boundary between white and red pulp is less defined   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• • abnormal spleen B cell follicle morphology
    • absence of polarized B-cell follicles   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
  • • absent spleen germinal center   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
  • absent spleen marginal zone   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
  • decreased spleen white pulp amount
    • gradual reduction of white pulp size   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• increased leukocyte cell number
  • 2- to 3- fold increase in leukocyte count in spleen, blood, and peritoneal cavity   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)
• cellular phenotype
• abnormal class switch recombination
  • specific IgG antibodies are almost undetectable in SRBC immunized mutants, indicating defective class switching   (MGI Ref ID J:80616)

Lta^tm1Dch/Lta^tm1Dch

        B6.129S2-Lta^tm1Dch/J

• immune system phenotype
• abnormal lymph organ development   (MGI Ref ID J:73100)

Lta^tm1Dch/Lta^tm1Dch

        involves: 129S2/SvPas

• immune system phenotype
• abnormal lymphocyte morphology
  • mice exhibit accumulation of lymphoid cell aggregates (B220+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes) in the liver and lung unlike in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:173115)
• abnormal thymus epithelium morphology
  • disorganized medullary thymic epithelial cells   (MGI Ref ID J:173115)
• abnormal thymus medulla morphology
  • medullary areas are smaller in size and less frequently connected to each other than in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:173115)
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• abnormal lymphocyte morphology
  • mice exhibit accumulation of lymphoid cell aggregates (B220+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocytes) in the liver and lung unlike in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:173115)
• abnormal thymus epithelium morphology
  • disorganized medullary thymic epithelial cells   (MGI Ref ID J:173115)
• abnormal thymus medulla morphology
  • medullary areas are smaller in size and less frequently connected to each other than in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:173115)

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Lta^tm1Dch related

Cancer Research
Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Growth Factors/Receptors/Cytokines

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI

Allele Symbol		Ltatm1Dch
Allele Name		targeted mutation 1, David D Chaplin
Allele Type		Targeted (knock-out)
Common Name(s)		LT-; LT-alpha-; LTalpha-; Lta-;
Mutation Made By		David Chaplin,   University of Alabama at Birmingham
Strain of Origin		129S2/SvPas
ES Cell Line Name		D3
ES Cell Line Strain		129S2/SvPas
Gene Symbol and Name		Lta, lymphotoxin A
Chromosome		17
Gene Common Name(s)		LT; LT-[a]; LT-alpha; LT[a]; LTalpha; Ltx; TNF beta; TNF-beta; TNFB; TNFSF1; Tnfb; Tnfsf1b; heart, lung and blood 382; hlb382; lymphotoxin; lymphotoxin alpha; tumor necrosis factor beta;
Molecular Note		A neomycin resistance cassette replaced a small portion of exon 2, all of exon 3, and a small portion of exon 4. [MGI Ref ID J:110548] [MGI Ref ID J:17976] [MGI Ref ID J:95222]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Lta^tm1Dch, Standard PCR

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References provided by MGI

Selected Reference(s)

De Togni P; Goellner J; Ruddle NH; Streeter PR; Fick A; Mariathasan S; Smith SC; Carlson R; Shornick LP; Strauss-Schoenberger J; Russell JH; Karr R; Chaplin DD. 1994. Abnormal development of peripheral lymphoid organs in mice deficient in lymphotoxin [see comments] Science 264(5159):703-7. [PubMed: 8171322]  [MGI Ref ID J:17976]

Additional References

Ngo VN; Cornall RJ; Cyster JG. 2001. Splenic T zone development is B cell dependent. J Exp Med 194(11):1649-60. [PubMed: 11733579]  [MGI Ref ID J:73100]

Spahn TW; Weiner HL; Rennert PD; Lugering N; Fontana A; Domschke W; Kucharzik T. 2002. Mesenteric lymph nodes are critical for the induction of high-dose oral tolerance in the absence of Peyer's patches. Eur J Immunol 32(4):1109-13. [PubMed: 11920578]  [MGI Ref ID J:75996]

Lta^tm1Dch related

Abe K; Yarovinsky FO; Murakami T; Shakhov AN; Tumanov AV; Ito D; Drutskaya LN; Pfeffer K; Kuprash DV; Komschlies KL; Nedospasov SA. 2003. Distinct contributions of TNF and LT cytokines to the development of dendritic cells in vitro and their recruitment in vivo. Blood 101(4):1477-83. [PubMed: 12560241]  [MGI Ref ID J:115537]

Alexopoulou L; Pasparakis M; Kollias G. 1998. Complementation of lymphotoxin alpha knockout mice with tumor necrosis factor-expressing transgenes rectifies defective splenic structure and function. J Exp Med 188(4):745-54. [PubMed: 9705956]  [MGI Ref ID J:110953]

Alimzhanov MB; Kuprash DV; Kosco-Vilbois MH; Luz A; Turetskaya RL ; Tarakhovsky A ; Rajewsky K ; Nedospasov SA ; Pfeffer K. 1997. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid tissues in lymphotoxin beta-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(17):9302-7. [PubMed: 9256477]  [MGI Ref ID J:42508]

Anders RA; Subudhi SK; Wang J; Pfeffer K; Fu YX. 2005. Contribution of the lymphotoxin beta receptor to liver regeneration. J Immunol 175(2):1295-300. [PubMed: 16002734]  [MGI Ref ID J:100756]

Ansel KM; Ngo VN; Hyman PL; Luther SA; Forster R; Sedgwick JD; Browning JL; Lipp M; Cyster JG. 2000. A chemokine-driven positive feedback loop organizes lymphoid follicles. Nature 406(6793):309-14. [PubMed: 10917533]  [MGI Ref ID J:78282]

Aya K; Alhawagri M; Hagen-Stapleton A; Kitaura H; Kanagawa O; Veis Novack D. 2005. NF-(kappa)B-inducing kinase controls lymphocyte and osteoclast activities in inflammatory arthritis. J Clin Invest 115(7):1848-54. [PubMed: 15937549]  [MGI Ref ID J:99806]

Beilhack A; Schulz S; Baker J; Beilhack GF; Nishimura R; Baker EM; Landan G; Herman EI; Butcher EC; Contag CH; Negrin RS. 2008. Prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease by blocking T-cell entry to secondary lymphoid organs. Blood 111(5):2919-28. [PubMed: 17989315]  [MGI Ref ID J:131612]

Berger DP; Naniche D; Crowley MT; Koni PA; Flavell RA; Oldstone MB. 1999. Lymphotoxin-beta-deficient mice show defective antiviral immunity. Virology 260(1):136-47. [PubMed: 10405365]  [MGI Ref ID J:102625]

Blink SE; Fu YX. 2010. IgE regulates T helper cell differentiation through FcgammaRIII mediated dendritic cell cytokine modulation. Cell Immunol 264(1):54-60. [PubMed: 20494341]  [MGI Ref ID J:162109]

Bopst M; Garcia I; Guler R; Olleros ML; Rulicke T; Muller M; Wyss S; Frei K; Le Hir M; Eugster HP. 2001. Differential effects of TNF and LTalpha in the host defense against M. bovis BCG. Eur J Immunol 31(6):1935-43. [PubMed: 11433391]  [MGI Ref ID J:115600]

Brown GR; Lee EL; El-Hayek J; Kintner K; Luck C. 2005. IL-12-independent LIGHT signaling enhances MHC class II disparate CD4+ T cell alloproliferation, IFN-gamma responses, and intestinal graft-versus-host disease. J Immunol 174(8):4688-95. [PubMed: 15814693]  [MGI Ref ID J:109999]

Cariappa A; Chase C; Liu H; Russell P; Pillai S. 2007. Naive recirculating B cells mature simultaneously in the spleen and bone marrow. Blood 109(6):2339-45. [PubMed: 17119110]  [MGI Ref ID J:145353]

Chappaz S; Finke D. 2010. The IL-7 signaling pathway regulates lymph node development independent of peripheral lymphocytes. J Immunol 184(7):3562-9. [PubMed: 20207995]  [MGI Ref ID J:160069]

Chin RK; Lo JC; Kim O; Blink SE; Christiansen PA; Peterson P; Wang Y; Ware C; Fu YX. 2003. Lymphotoxin pathway directs thymic Aire expression. Nat Immunol 4(11):1121-7. [PubMed: 14517552]  [MGI Ref ID J:86259]

Chin RK; Zhu M; Christiansen PA; Liu W; Ware C; Peltonen L; Zhang X; Guo L; Han S; Zheng B; Fu YX. 2006. Lymphotoxin pathway-directed, autoimmune regulator-independent central tolerance to arthritogenic collagen. J Immunol 177(1):290-7. [PubMed: 16785524]  [MGI Ref ID J:134431]

Ching S; He L; Lai W; Quan N. 2005. IL-1 type I receptor plays a key role in mediating the recruitment of leukocytes into the central nervous system. Brain Behav Immun 19(2):127-37. [PubMed: 15664785]  [MGI Ref ID J:105351]

Cui CY; Hashimoto T; Grivennikov SI; Piao Y; Nedospasov SA; Schlessinger D. 2006. Ectodysplasin regulates the lymphotoxin-beta pathway for hair differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(24):9142-7. [PubMed: 16738056]  [MGI Ref ID J:111051]

De Trez C; Schneider K; Potter K; Droin N; Fulton J; Norris PS; Ha SW; Fu YX; Murphy T; Murphy KM; Pfeffer K; Benedict CA; Ware CF. 2008. The inhibitory HVEM-BTLA pathway counter regulates lymphotoxin receptor signaling to achieve homeostasis of dendritic cells. J Immunol 180(1):238-48. [PubMed: 18097025]  [MGI Ref ID J:130896]

Do JS; Min B. 2009. Differential requirements of MHC and of DCs for endogenous proliferation of different T-cell subsets in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(48):20394-8. [PubMed: 19920180]  [MGI Ref ID J:155564]

Douni E; Kollias G. 1998. A critical role of the p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75TNF-R) in organ inflammation independent of TNF, lymphotoxin alpha, or the p55TNF-R. J Exp Med 188(7):1343-52. [PubMed: 9763613]  [MGI Ref ID J:114744]

Eberl G; Littman DR. 2004. Thymic origin of intestinal alphabeta T Cells Revealed by Fate Mapping of RORgammat+ Cells. Science 305(5681):248-51. [PubMed: 15247480]  [MGI Ref ID J:91566]

Ehlers S; Holscher C; Scheu S; Tertilt C; Hehlgans T; Suwinski J; Endres R; Pfeffer K. 2003. The lymphotoxin beta receptor is critically involved in controlling infections with the intracellular pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Listeria monocytogenes. J Immunol 170(10):5210-8. [PubMed: 12734369]  [MGI Ref ID J:109995]

Elewaut D; Brossay L; Santee SM; Naidenko OV; Burdin N; De Winter H; Matsuda J; Ware CF; Cheroutre H; Kronenberg M. 2000. Membrane lymphotoxin is required for the development of different subpopulations of NK T cells. J Immunol 165(2):671-9. [PubMed: 10878339]  [MGI Ref ID J:106601]

Engwerda CR; Ato M; Stager S; Alexander CE; Stanley AC; Kaye PM. 2004. Distinct roles for lymphotoxin-alpha and tumor necrosis factor in the control of Leishmania donovani infection. Am J Pathol 165(6):2123-33. [PubMed: 15579454]  [MGI Ref ID J:94946]

Ericsson A; Kotarsky K; Svensson M; Sigvardsson M; Agace W. 2006. Functional characterization of the CCL25 promoter in small intestinal epithelial cells suggests a regulatory role for caudal-related homeobox (Cdx) transcription factors. J Immunol 176(6):3642-51. [PubMed: 16517733]  [MGI Ref ID J:129504]

Finke D; Acha-Orbea H; Mattis A; Lipp M; Kraehenbuhl J. 2002. CD4+CD3- cells induce Peyer's patch development: role of alpha4beta1 integrin activation by CXCR5. Immunity 17(3):363-73. [PubMed: 12354388]  [MGI Ref ID J:111436]

Fu YX; Huang G; Matsumoto M; Molina H; Chaplin DD. 1997. Independent signals regulate development of primary and secondary follicle structure in spleen and mesenteric lymph node. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94(11):5739-43. [PubMed: 9159143]  [MGI Ref ID J:78647]

Fu YX; Huang G; Wang Y; Chaplin DD. 1998. B lymphocytes induce the formation of follicular dendritic cell clusters in a lymphotoxin alpha-dependent fashion. J Exp Med 187(7):1009-18. [PubMed: 9529317]  [MGI Ref ID J:118756]

Fu YX; Huang G; Wang Y; Chaplin DD. 2000. Lymphotoxin-alpha-dependent spleen microenvironment supports the generation of memory B cells and is required for their subsequent antigen-induced activation. J Immunol 164(5):2508-14. [PubMed: 10679088]  [MGI Ref ID J:126988]

Fu YX; Molina H; Matsumoto M; Huang G; Min J; Chaplin DD. 1997. Lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha) supports development of splenic follicular structure that is required for IgG responses. J Exp Med 185(12):2111-20. [PubMed: 9182683]  [MGI Ref ID J:41079]

Fukuyama S; Hiroi T; Yokota Y; Rennert PD; Yanagita M; Kinoshita N; Terawaki S; Shikina T; Yamamoto M; Kurono Y; Kiyono H. 2002. Initiation of NALT organogenesis is independent of the IL-7R, LTbetaR, and NIK signaling pathways but requires the Id2 gene and CD3(-)CD4(+)CD45(+) cells. Immunity 17(1):31-40. [PubMed: 12150889]  [MGI Ref ID J:78101]

Furtado GC; Marinkovic T; Martin AP; Garin A; Hoch B; Hubner W; Chen BK; Genden E; Skobe M; Lira SA. 2007. Lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling is required for inflammatory lymphangiogenesis in the thyroid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(12):5026-31. [PubMed: 17360402]  [MGI Ref ID J:120088]

Futterer A; Mink K; Luz A; Kosco-Vilbois MH; Pfeffer K. 1998. The lymphotoxin beta receptor controls organogenesis and affinity maturation in peripheral lymphoid tissues. Immunity 9(1):59-70. [PubMed: 9697836]  [MGI Ref ID J:48837]

Gajewska BU; Alvarez D; Vidric M; Goncharova S; Stampfli MR; Coyle AJ; Gutierrez-Ramos JC; Jordana M. 2001. Generation of experimental allergic airways inflammation in the absence of draining lymph nodes. J Clin Invest 108(4):577-83. [PubMed: 11518731]  [MGI Ref ID J:118404]

Glanville SH; Bekiaris V; Jenkinson EJ; Lane PJ; Anderson G; Withers DR. 2009. Transplantation of embryonic spleen tissue reveals a role for adult non-lymphoid cells in initiating lymphoid tissue organization. Eur J Immunol 39(1):280-9. [PubMed: 19089813]  [MGI Ref ID J:143736]

Goluszko E; Hjelmstrom P; Deng C; Poussin MA; Ruddle NH; Christadoss P. 2001. Lymphotoxin-alpha deficiency completely protects C57BL/6 mice from developing clinical experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 113(1):109-18. [PubMed: 11137582]  [MGI Ref ID J:102964]

Greter M; Hofmann J; Becher B. 2009. Neo-lymphoid aggregates in the adult liver can initiate potent cell-mediated immunity. PLoS Biol 7(5):e1000109. [PubMed: 19468301]  [MGI Ref ID J:150671]

Hamada H; Hiroi T; Nishiyama Y; Takahashi H; Masunaga Y; Hachimura S; Kaminogawa S; Takahashi-Iwanaga H; Iwanaga T; Kiyono H; Yamamoto H; Ishikawa H. 2002. Identification of multiple isolated lymphoid follicles on the antimesenteric wall of the mouse small intestine. J Immunol 168(1):57-64. [PubMed: 11751946]  [MGI Ref ID J:73436]

Harmsen A; Kusser K; Hartson L; Tighe M; Sunshine MJ; Sedgwick JD; Choi Y; Littman DR; Randall TD. 2002. Cutting edge: organogenesis of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) occurs independently of lymphotoxin-alpha (LT alpha) and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma, but the organization of NALT is LT alpha dependent. J Immunol 168(3):986-90. [PubMed: 11801629]  [MGI Ref ID J:111963]

Heikenwalder M; Kurrer MO; Margalith I; Kranich J; Zeller N; Haybaeck J; Polymenidou M; Matter M; Bremer J; Jackson WS; Lindquist S; Sigurdson CJ; Aguzzi A. 2008. Lymphotoxin-dependent prion replication in inflammatory stromal cells of granulomas. Immunity 29(6):998-1008. [PubMed: 19100703]  [MGI Ref ID J:142638]

Heikenwalder M; Prinz M; Zeller N; Lang KS; Junt T; Rossi S; Tumanov A; Schmidt H; Priller J; Flatz L; Rulicke T; Macpherson AJ; Hollander GA; Nedospasov SA; Aguzzi A. 2008. Overexpression of lymphotoxin in T cells induces fulminant thymic involution. Am J Pathol 172(6):1555-70. [PubMed: 18483211]  [MGI Ref ID J:136357]

Heikenwalder M; Zeller N; Seeger H; Prinz M; Klohn PC; Schwarz P; Ruddle NH; Weissmann C; Aguzzi A. 2005. Chronic lymphocytic inflammation specifies the organ tropism of prions. Science 307(5712):1107-10. [PubMed: 15661974]  [MGI Ref ID J:96344]

Helmby H. 2009. Gastrointestinal nematode infection exacerbates malaria-induced liver pathology. J Immunol 182(9):5663-71. [PubMed: 19380813]  [MGI Ref ID J:147710]

Iizuka K; Chaplin DD; Wang Y; Wu Q; Pegg LE; Yokoyama WM; Fu YX. 1999. Requirement for membrane lymphotoxin in natural killer cell development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(11):6336-40. [PubMed: 10339588]  [MGI Ref ID J:55470]

Ito D; Back TC; Shakhov AN; Wiltrout RH; Nedospasov SA. 1999. Mice with a targeted mutation in lymphotoxin-alpha exhibit enhanced tumor growth and metastasis: impaired NK cell development and recruitment. J Immunol 163(5):2809-15. [PubMed: 10453025]  [MGI Ref ID J:57087]

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Health & husbandry

The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Production of mice from cryopreserved embryos or sperm occurs in a maximum barrier room, RG10/RG30.

Colony Maintenance

Breeding & Husbandry	This strain is currently maintained by homozygous sibling matings. Expected coat color from breeding:White Bellied Agouti and Black
Diet Information	LabDiet® 5K52/5K67

Purchasing information

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls

General Supply Notes

• This strain is included in the Induced Mutant Resource Colony collection.
• Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

Control Information

	Control
	101045 B6129SF2/J	(approximate)
Considerations for Choosing Controls
Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.

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Terms are granted by individual review and stated on the customer invoice(s) and account statement. These transactions are payable in U.S. currency within the granted terms. Payment for services, products, shipping containers, and shipping costs that are rendered are expected within the payment terms indicated on the invoice or stated by contract. Invoices and account balances in arrears of stated terms may result in The Jackson Laboratory pursuing collection activities including but not limited to outside agencies and court filings.

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The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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- Use of MICE by companies or for-profit entities requires a license prior to shipping.

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JAX^® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCTS" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or services provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE or PRODUCTS from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON's prior written authorization.

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of mice, products or services, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the mice or product received or the services provided.

No Liability

In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. Unless prohibited by law, in purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS or services from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE and PRODUCTS are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS or services may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and services by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or services by JACKSON.