Strain Name:

B6.129S2-Igh-6tm1Cgn/J

Stock Number:

002288

Availability:

Level 3

Use Restrictions Apply, see Terms of Use

Description

Strain Information

Type Congenic; Mutant Strain; Targeted Mutation;
Additional information on Genetically Engineered Mutant Mice.
Mating SystemHomozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male)
Specieslaboratory mouse
Background Strain C57BL/6
Donor Strain 129S2 via D3 ES cell line
GenerationN9F11 (03-JAN-08)
 
Donating Investigator Klaus Rajewsky,   Harvard Medical School

Appearance
black
Related Genotype: a/a

Description
Mice homozygous for the Igh-6tm1Cgn targeted mutation are viable and fertile. Homozygous mutant mice lack mature B-cells. There is no expression of membrane-bound IgM, although some B-cells may be produced using a C gene other than mu. It may be useful as a model for B-cell immunodeficiency found in humans. Also known as muMT.

Control Information

  Control
   000664 C57BL/6J
 
  Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

View Strains carrying   Igh-6tm1Cgn     (7 strains)

View Strains carrying other alleles of Igh-6     (7 strains)

Additional Web Information

Congenic Nomenclature
Genetic Quality Control Annual Report

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms
      assigned by genotype

Igh-6tm1Cgn/Igh-6tm1Cgn

        B6.129S2-Igh-6tm1Cgn/J
  • immune system phenotype
  • *normal* immune system phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:118565)
    • dendritic cells show normal function in mutants
    • T cell numbers in lymph nodes are normal
    • abnormal cytokine secretion (MGI Ref ID J:118565)
      • in mutants, Il-2 secretion is diminished from T cells primed in absence of B cells compared to controls 6 months after keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunization
    • abnormal humoral immune response (MGI Ref ID J:119584)
      • mice fail to respond to T cell-dependent (OVA) or T cell-independent (dextra) antigenic stimulation and do not produce serum specific antibodies to these antigens
      • decreased immunoglobulin level (MGI Ref ID J:119584)
        • null mice have almost undetectable serum levels of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgM and IgA compared to wild-type controls or Faslpr mice
        • decreased IgE level (MGI Ref ID J:125656)
          • IgE is not detectable in serum of OVA-treated mutants, but high levels are produced in treated wild-type
        • decreased IgG level (MGI Ref ID J:125656)
          • IgG is not detectable in OVA-treated mutants, but high levels are produced in treated wild-type
          • IgG levels drop rapidly after birth due to loss of maternal Ig
          • decreased IgG1 level (MGI Ref ID J:125656)
            • IgG1 is not detected in serum after OVA challenge
    • abnormal spleen morphology (MGI Ref ID J:73100)
      • in mutants, area of T zone stromal cell network in the spleen is decreased four- to five-fold compared to wild-type
      • T zone cross sectional area is decreased 2- to 3-fold
      • decreased spleen weight (MGI Ref ID J:73100)
        • spleens are ~50% the weight of wild-type spleens
    • arrested B cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:119584)
      • a transitional block in early B cell development in evident in bone marrow; pre-B cells are decreased in number
    • decreased CD4-positive T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:118565)
      • there are 5- to 40-fold fewer antigen specific CD4 cells producing Il-2 in mutants compared to controls 6 months after keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunization
      • numbers are reduced 3-fold in spleen vs wild-type
    • decreased CD8-positive T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:73100)
      • numbers are reduced 3-fold in spleen vs wild-type
    • decreased dendritic cell number (MGI Ref ID J:73100)
      • numbers of CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are reduced in mutants
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
  • abnormal spleen morphology (MGI Ref ID J:73100)
    • in mutants, area of T zone stromal cell network in the spleen is decreased four- to five-fold compared to wild-type
    • T zone cross sectional area is decreased 2- to 3-fold
    • decreased spleen weight (MGI Ref ID J:73100)
      • spleens are ~50% the weight of wild-type spleens
  • arrested B cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:119584)
    • a transitional block in early B cell development in evident in bone marrow; pre-B cells are decreased in number
  • decreased CD4-positive T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:118565)
    • there are 5- to 40-fold fewer antigen specific CD4 cells producing Il-2 in mutants compared to controls 6 months after keyhole limpet hemocyanin immunization
    • numbers are reduced 3-fold in spleen vs wild-type
  • decreased CD8-positive T cell number (MGI Ref ID J:73100)
    • numbers are reduced 3-fold in spleen vs wild-type
  • decreased dendritic cell number (MGI Ref ID J:73100)
    • numbers of CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) are reduced in mutants
  • respiratory system phenotype
  • abnormal respiratory system physiology (MGI Ref ID J:125656)
    • ovalbumin-sensitized/challenged mice (OVA) are unable to generate an early phase reaction (EPR- initial phase of brochoconstriction) following OVA provocation

Igh-6tm1Cgn/Igh-6tm1Cgn

        B6.129S2-Igh-6tm1Cgn
  • digestive/alimentary phenotype
  • abnormal intestinal epithelium morphology (MGI Ref ID J:126867)
    • migration of proliferated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) toward the top of the villi and the number of proliferating IECs are augmented in mutants compared to wild-type controls
    • treatment of mice with antibiotics results in deceleration of IEC migration and decreased proliferation compared to treated heterozygous controls
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
  • abnormal CD8 positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:126867)
    • population is ~2 times larger than in heterozygous controls
  • immune system phenotype
  • abnormal CD8 positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell morphology (MGI Ref ID J:126867)
    • population is ~2 times larger than in heterozygous controls

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX® Mice strain.

Igh-6tm1Cgn/Igh-6+

        involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
  • arrested B cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:70398)
    • B cell development is arrested at the stage of pre-B cells
  • immune system phenotype
  • arrested B cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:70398)
    • B cell development is arrested at the stage of pre-B cells

Igh-6tm1Cgn/Igh-6tm1Cgn

        involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6
  • immune system phenotype
  • *normal* immune system phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:113083)
    • mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAIT) that are not found in mice lacking all B cells are found in normal amounts in these mice
    • abnormal B cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:64298)
      • mutants appear to have large pre-B cells, but not small pre-B cells, indicating arrest of differentiation at the pre-B cell stage at or close to the transition from the large to small pre-B cell
      • in heterozygotes, normal numbers of B cells are produced, but there is loss of H-chain allelic exclusion; B cells producing H chains from both endogenous loci are detected, but such cells are absent in wild-type mice
      • absent immature B cells (MGI Ref ID J:64298)
      • arrested B cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:64298)
        • development appears to arrest differentiation of B cells at or close to the transition from the large to small pre-B cell
    • abnormal lymphatic vessel morphology (MGI Ref ID J:119344)
      • upon infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis, airway lymphatic vessel remodeling is largely absent from mutants, compared to significant invasion of region by lymphatic vessels in infected wild-type mice
    • abnormal response to infection (MGI Ref ID J:119344)
      • bacteria are present in liver and kidney of mice after 4 weeks of M. pulmonis infection, but bacteria are absent from wild-type mouse tissue
      • airway vascular and airway lymphatic vessel remodeling are impaired or absent compared to wild-type mice after M. pulmonis infection
    • absent mature B cells (MGI Ref ID J:64298)
      • no B cells are detected in the peritoneal cavity; no cells expressing IgM or IgD on their surface are detected in the peritoneal cavity
      • peripheral blood and spleen lack mature B cells as shown by lack of CD45R(B220)bright cells
    • decreased IgM level (MGI Ref ID J:64298)
      • homozygotes have no detectable IgM in their serum compared to ~600ug IgM/ml in wild-type serum
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
  • abnormal B cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:64298)
    • mutants appear to have large pre-B cells, but not small pre-B cells, indicating arrest of differentiation at the pre-B cell stage at or close to the transition from the large to small pre-B cell
    • in heterozygotes, normal numbers of B cells are produced, but there is loss of H-chain allelic exclusion; B cells producing H chains from both endogenous loci are detected, but such cells are absent in wild-type mice
    • absent immature B cells (MGI Ref ID J:64298)
    • arrested B cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:64298)
      • development appears to arrest differentiation of B cells at or close to the transition from the large to small pre-B cell
  • absent mature B cells (MGI Ref ID J:64298)
    • no B cells are detected in the peritoneal cavity; no cells expressing IgM or IgD on their surface are detected in the peritoneal cavity
    • peripheral blood and spleen lack mature B cells as shown by lack of CD45R(B220)bright cells
  • respiratory system phenotype
  • *normal* respiratory system phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:119344)
    • trachea of infected mice contain more mucin than infected wild-type tracheas
    • abnormal respiratory system physiology (MGI Ref ID J:119344)
      • after 4 weeks, mice show absence of vascular remodeling of the airways in response to Mycoplasma pulmonis infection wherease wild-type show complex growth and reorganization of the vascular beds
      • although epithelial cell hyperplasia is not observed, epithelial layer is abnormally elongated

Igh-6tm1Cgn/Igh-6tm1Cgn

        involves: 129S2/SvPas
  • hematopoietic system phenotype
  • abnormal metallophillic macrophage morphology (MGI Ref ID J:88620)
    • marginal metallophilic macrophages are absent
  • abnormal spleen marginal sinus morphology (MGI Ref ID J:88620)
    • sinus lining cells (MAdCAM-1+) are absent
  • abnormal spleen marginal zone macrophage morphology (MGI Ref ID J:88620)
    • MARCO+ cells are absent
  • absent mature B cells (MGI Ref ID J:118453)
    • in bone marrow and spleen, mature (B220+) B lymphocytes are lacking
  • arrested B cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:118453)
    • B cell development is halted at pre-B cell stage, indicated by lack of CD25+ B-cells
  • immune system phenotype
  • abnormal metallophillic macrophage morphology (MGI Ref ID J:88620)
    • marginal metallophilic macrophages are absent
  • abnormal spleen marginal sinus morphology (MGI Ref ID J:88620)
    • sinus lining cells (MAdCAM-1+) are absent
  • abnormal spleen marginal zone macrophage morphology (MGI Ref ID J:88620)
    • MARCO+ cells are absent
  • absent follicular dendritic cells (MGI Ref ID J:88620)
    • follicular dendritic cells are absent
  • absent mature B cells (MGI Ref ID J:118453)
    • in bone marrow and spleen, mature (B220+) B lymphocytes are lacking
  • arrested B cell differentiation (MGI Ref ID J:118453)
    • B cell development is halted at pre-B cell stage, indicated by lack of CD25+ B-cells
View Research Applications

Research Applications
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Igh-6tm1Cgn related

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Immunodeficiency (B cell deficiency)

Research Tools
Cancer Research (B cell deficiency)
Immunology and Inflammation Research (B cell deficiency)

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol Igh-6tm1Cgn
Allele Name targeted mutation 1, University of Cologne
Allele Type Targeted (knock-out)
Common Name(s) BCR-; BKO; Cmu <->; Ig- muMT; Ig-; IgH-; IgHmuMT; Igh-6-; Igh-6null; Igmunull; mu-MT-; muMT; muMt-; mum-;
Mutation Made By Daisuke Kitamura,   University of Cologne
Strain of Origin129S2/SvPas
ES Cell Line NameD3
ES Cell Line Strain129S2/SvPas
Gene Symbol and Name Igh-6, immunoglobulin heavy chain 6 (heavy chain of IgM)
Chromosome 12
Gene Common Name(s) AI326478; BCR; DKFZp686I15196; DKFZp686I15212; FLJ00385; Ig mu; IgM; Igh-M; Igh6; MGC104996; MGC52291; MU; VH; expressed sequence AI326478; immunoglobulin heavy chain mu; muH; muMT;
Molecular Note A neomycin resistance cassette disrupted one of the membrane exons of the gene encoding immunoglobulin heavy chain of the class mu (IgM). [MGI Ref ID J:110548] [MGI Ref ID J:70398]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Igh-6tm1Cgn, STD PCR, vers. 1

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Selected Reference(s)

Kitamura D; Roes J; Kuhn R; Rajewsky K. 1991. A B cell-deficient mouse by targeted disruption of the membrane exon of the immunoglobulin mu chain gene. Nature 350(6317):423-6. [PubMed: 1901381]  [MGI Ref ID J:70398]

Additional References

Abraham D; Leon O; Schnyder-Candrian S; Wang CC; Galioto AM; Kerepesi LA; Lee JJ; Lustigman S. 2004. Immunoglobulin E and eosinophil-dependent protective immunity to larval Onchocerca volvulus in mice immunized with irradiated larvae. Infect Immun 72(2):810-7. [PubMed: 14742524]  [MGI Ref ID J:87861]

Allen CD; Ansel KM; Low C; Lesley R; Tamamura H; Fujii N; Cyster JG. 2004. Germinal center dark and light zone organization is mediated by CXCR4 and CXCR5. Nat Immunol 5(9):943-52. [PubMed: 15300245]  [MGI Ref ID J:92218]

Borenstein SH; Graham J; Zhang XL; Chamberlain JW. 2000. CD8+ T cells are necessary for recognition of allelic, but not locus-mismatched or xeno-, HLA class I transplantation antigens. J Immunol 165(5):2341-53. [PubMed: 10946256]  [MGI Ref ID J:80678]

Bosio CM; Elkins KL. 2001. Susceptibility to secondary Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain infection in B-cell-deficient mice is associated with neutrophilia but not with defects in specific T-cell-mediated immunity. Infect Immun 69(1):194-203. [PubMed: 11119506]  [MGI Ref ID J:67757]

Bruhns P; Samuelsson A; Pollard JW; Ravetch JV. 2003. Colony-stimulating factor-1-dependent macrophages are responsible for IVIG protection in antibody-induced autoimmune disease. Immunity 18(4):573-81. [PubMed: 12705859]  [MGI Ref ID J:83013]

Burne-Taney MJ; Ascon DB; Daniels F; Racusen L; Baldwin W; Rabb H. 2003. B cell deficiency confers protection from renal ischemia reperfusion injury. J Immunol 171(6):3210-5. [PubMed: 12960350]  [MGI Ref ID J:85388]

Fischbein MP; Yun J; Laks H; Irie Y; Fishbein MC; Espejo M; Bonavida B; Ardehali A. 2001. CD8+ lymphocytes augment chronic rejection in a MHC class II mismatched model. Transplantation 71(8):1146-53. [PubMed: 11374417]  [MGI Ref ID J:69459]

Greeley SA; Katsumata M; Yu L; Eisenbarth GS; Moore DJ; Goodarzi H; Barker CF; Naji A; Noorchashm H. 2002. Elimination of maternally transmitted autoantibodies prevents diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Nat Med 8(4):399-402. [PubMed: 11927947]  [MGI Ref ID J:75803]

Joao C; Ogle BM; Gay-Rabinstein C; Platt JL; Cascalho M. 2004. B cell-dependent TCR diversification. J Immunol 172(8):4709-16. [PubMed: 15067046]  [MGI Ref ID J:89146]

Jude BA; Pobezinskaya Y; Bishop J; Parke S; Medzhitov RM; Chervonsky AV; Golovkina TV. 2003. Subversion of the innate immune system by a retrovirus. Nat Immunol 4(6):573-8. [PubMed: 12730691]  [MGI Ref ID J:83088]

Justice JP; Shibata Y; Sur S; Mustafa J; Fan M; Van Scott MR. 2001. IL-10 gene knockout attenuates allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in C57BL/6 mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 280(2):L363-8. [PubMed: 11159016]  [MGI Ref ID J:68061]

Kitamura D; Rajewsky K. 1992. Targeted disruption of mu chain membrane exon causes loss of heavy-chain allelic exclusion [see comments] Nature 356(6365):154-6. [PubMed: 1545868]  [MGI Ref ID J:64298]

Lambert SL; Okada CY; Levy R. 2004. TCR vaccines against a murine T cell lymphoma: a primary role for antibodies of the IgG2c class in tumor protection. J Immunol 172(2):929-36. [PubMed: 14707065]  [MGI Ref ID J:87361]

Langford TD; Housley MP; Boes M; Chen J; Kagnoff MF; Gillin FD; Eckmann L. 2002. Central importance of immunoglobulin A in host defense against Giardia spp. Infect Immun 70(1):11-8. [PubMed: 11748158]  [MGI Ref ID J:74568]

Lundy SK; Boros DL. 2002. Fas ligand-expressing B-1a lymphocytes mediate CD4(+)-T-cell apoptosis during schistosomal infection: induction by interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-10. Infect Immun 70(2):812-9. [PubMed: 11796615]  [MGI Ref ID J:74564]

Lyons BL; Lynes MA; Burzenski L; Joliat MJ; Hadjout N; Shultz LD. 2003. Mechanisms of anemia in SHP-1 protein tyrosine phosphatase-deficient 'viable motheaten' mice. Exp Hematol 31(3):234-43. [PubMed: 12644021]  [MGI Ref ID J:82283]

Maaser C; Housley MP; Iimura M; Smith JR; Vallance BA; Finlay BB; Schreiber JR; Varki NM; Kagnoff MF; Eckmann L. 2004. Clearance of Citrobacter rodentium requires B cells but not secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) or IgM antibodies. Infect Immun 72(6):3315-24. [PubMed: 15155635]  [MGI Ref ID J:90245]

Mao D; Wu X; Deppong C; Friend LD; Dolecki G; Nelson DM; Molina H. 2003. Negligible role of antibodies and C5 in pregnancy loss associated exclusively with C3-dependent mechanisms through complement alternative pathway. Immunity 19(6):813-22. [PubMed: 14670299]  [MGI Ref ID J:86999]

Moyron-Quiroz JE; Rangel-Moreno J; Kusser K; Hartson L; Sprague F; Goodrich S; Woodland DL; Lund FE; Randall TD. 2004. Role of inducible bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) in respiratory immunity. Nat Med 10(9):927-34. [PubMed: 15311275]  [MGI Ref ID J:92841]

Ngo VN; Cornall RJ; Cyster JG. 2001. Splenic T zone development is B cell dependent. J Exp Med 194(11):1649-60. [PubMed: 11733579]  [MGI Ref ID J:73100]

Parr MB; Parr EL. 2000. Immunity to vaginal herpes simplex virus-2 infection in B-cell knockout mice. Immunology 101(1):126-31. [PubMed: 11012763]  [MGI Ref ID J:64870]

Seagal J; Edry E; Naftali H; Melamed D. 2004. Generation and selection of an IgG-driven autoimmune repertoire during B-lymphopoiesis in Igmicro-deficient/lpr mice. Int Immunol 16(7):905-13. [PubMed: 15148286]  [MGI Ref ID J:90752]

Seagal J; Melamed D. 2004. Contribution of alphabeta and gammadelta T cells to the generation of primary immunoglobulin G-driven autoimmune response in immunoglobulin- mu-deficient/lpr mice. Immunology 112(2):265-73. [PubMed: 15147570]  [MGI Ref ID J:90503]

Sonoda KH; Stein-Streilein J. 2002. CD1d on antigen-transporting APC and splenic marginal zone B cells promotes NKT cell-dependent tolerance. Eur J Immunol 32(3):848-57. [PubMed: 11870629]  [MGI Ref ID J:75333]

Tretter T; Ross AE; Dordai DI; Desiderio S. 2003. Mimicry of pre-B cell receptor signaling by activation of the tyrosine kinase Blk. J Exp Med 198(12):1863-73. [PubMed: 14662906]  [MGI Ref ID J:87194]

Tumanov AV; Kuprash DV; Mach JA; Nedospasov SA; Chervonsky AV. 2004. Lymphotoxin and TNF produced by B cells are dispensable for maintenance of the follicle-associated epithelium but are required for development of lymphoid follicles in the Peyer's patches. J Immunol 173(1):86-91. [PubMed: 15210762]  [MGI Ref ID J:90815]

Turner J; Frank AA; Brooks JV; Gonzalez-Juarrero M; Orme IM. 2001. The progression of chronic tuberculosis in the mouse does not require the participation of B lymphocytes or interleukin-4. Exp Gerontol 36(3):537-45. [PubMed: 11250124]  [MGI Ref ID J:68120]

Ugrinovic S; Menager N; Goh N; Mastroeni P. 2003. Characterization and development of T-Cell immune responses in B-cell-deficient (Igh-6(-/-)) mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Infect Immun 71(12):6808-19. [PubMed: 14638767]  [MGI Ref ID J:86650]

elRefaei M; Blank KJ; Murasko DM. 2001. Prolonged E55+ retrovirus expression in aged mice is associated with a decline in the anti-virus immune response. Virology 290(2):281-9. [PubMed: 11883192]  [MGI Ref ID J:73637]

Igh-6tm1Cgn related

Abraham D; Leon O; Schnyder-Candrian S; Wang CC; Galioto AM; Kerepesi LA; Lee JJ; Lustigman S. 2004. Immunoglobulin E and eosinophil-dependent protective immunity to larval Onchocerca volvulus in mice immunized with irradiated larvae. Infect Immun 72(2):810-7. [PubMed: 14742524]  [MGI Ref ID J:87861]

Akashi T; Nagafuchi S; Anzai K; Kitamura D; Wang J; Taniuchi I; Niho Y; Watanabe T. 1998. Proliferation of CD3+ B220- single-positive normal T cells was suppressed in B-cell-deficient lpr mice. Immunology 93(2):238-48. [PubMed: 9616374]  [MGI Ref ID J:45808]

Ali M; Weinreich M; Balcaitis S; Cooper CJ; Fink PJ. 2003. Differential regulation of peripheral CD4+ T cell tolerance induced by deletion and TCR revision. J Immunol 171(11):6290-6. [PubMed: 14634147]  [MGI Ref ID J:132828]

Allen HL; Deepe GS Jr. 2006. B cells and CD4-CD8- T cells are key regulators of the severity of reactivation histoplasmosis. J Immunol 177(3):1763-71. [PubMed: 16849486]  [MGI Ref ID J:138028]

Alpan O; Rudomen G; Matzinger P. 2001. The role of dendritic cells, B cells, and M cells in gut-oriented immune responses. J Immunol 166(8):4843-52. [PubMed: 11290760]  [MGI Ref ID J:68620]

Andersen C; Jensen T; Nansen A; Marker O; Thomsen AR. 1999. CD4(+) T cell-mediated protection against a lethal outcome of systemic infection with vesicular stomatitis virus requires CD40 ligand expression, but not IFN-gamma or IL-4. Int Immunol 11(12):2035-42. [PubMed: 10590269]  [MGI Ref ID J:110491]

Andoh M; Zhang G; Russell-Lodrigue KE; Shive HR; Weeks BR; Samuel JE. 2007. T Cells Are Essential for Bacterial Clearance, and Gamma Interferon, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha, and B Cells Are Crucial for Disease Development in Coxiella burnetii Infection in Mice. Infect Immun 75(7):3245-55. [PubMed: 17438029]  [MGI Ref ID J:122426]

Andreansky S; Liu H; Adler H; Koszinowski UH; Efstathiou S; Doherty PC. 2004. The limits of protection by 'memory' T cells in Ig-/- mice persistently infected with a gamma-herpesvirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(7):2017-22. [PubMed: 14764895]  [MGI Ref ID J:88442]

Angeli V; Ginhoux F; Llodra J; Quemeneur L; Frenette PS; Skobe M; Jessberger R; Merad M; Randolph GJ. 2006. B cell-driven lymphangiogenesis in inflamed lymph nodes enhances dendritic cell mobilization. Immunity 24(2):203-15. [PubMed: 16473832]  [MGI Ref ID J:113320]

Aroeira LS; Mouton CG; Toran JL; Ward ES; Martinez C. 1999. Anti-Vbeta8 antibodies induce and maintain staphylococcal enterotoxin B-triggered Vbeta8+ T cell anergy. Eur J Immunol 29(2):437-45. [PubMed: 10064059]  [MGI Ref ID J:115226]

Arras M; Louahed J; Heilier JF; Delos M; Brombacher F; Renauld JC; Lison D; Huaux F. 2005. IL-9 protects against bleomycin-induced lung injury: involvement of prostaglandins. Am J Pathol 166(1):107-15. [PubMed: 15632004]  [MGI Ref ID J:95244]

Arras M; Louahed J; Simoen V; Barbarin V; Misson P; van den Brule S; Delos M; Knoops L; Renauld JC; Lison D; Huaux F. 2006. B lymphocytes are critical for lung fibrosis control and prostaglandin E2 regulation in IL-9 transgenic mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 34(5):573-80. [PubMed: 16424385]  [MGI Ref ID J:136512]

Asano MS; Ahmed R. 1996. CD8 T cell memory in B cell-deficient mice. J Exp Med 183(5):2165-74. [PubMed: 8642326]  [MGI Ref ID J:33136]

Ashour HM; Niederkorn JY. 2006. Peripheral tolerance via the anterior chamber of the eye: role of B cells in MHC class I and II antigen presentation. J Immunol 176(10):5950-7. [PubMed: 16670303]  [MGI Ref ID J:131707]

Aurora AB; Baluk P; Zhang D; Sidhu SS; Dolganov GM; Basbaum C; McDonald DM; Killeen N. 2005. Immune complex-dependent remodeling of the airway vasculature in response to a chronic bacterial infection. J Immunol 175(10):6319-26. [PubMed: 16272283]  [MGI Ref ID J:119344]

Baumgarth N; Jager GC; Herman OC; Herzenberg LA. 2000. CD4+ T cells derived from B cell-deficient mice inhibit the establishment of peripheral B cell pools. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(9):4766-71. [PubMed: 10781082]  [MGI Ref ID J:61947]

Beland JL; Sobel RA; Adler H; Del-Pan NC; Rimm IJ. 1999. B cell-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to HSV-1 encephalomyelitis and mortality. J Neuroimmunol 94(1-2):122-6. [PubMed: 10376944]  [MGI Ref ID J:102971]

Belperron AA; Bockenstedt LK. 2001. Natural Antibody Affects Survival of the Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi within Feeding Ticks. Infect Immun 69(10):6456-62. [PubMed: 11553590]  [MGI Ref ID J:71569]

Bergmann CC; Ramakrishna C; Kornacki M; Stohlman SA. 2001. Impaired T cell immunity in B cell-deficient mice following viral central nervous system infection. J Immunol 167(3):1575-83. [PubMed: 11466379]  [MGI Ref ID J:120484]

Beutner U; Kraus E; Kitamura D; Rajewsky K; Huber BT. 1994. B cells are essential for murine mammary tumor virus transmission, but not for presentation of endogenous superantigens. J Exp Med 179(5):1457-66. [PubMed: 8163931]  [MGI Ref ID J:110774]

Bhattacharya D; Rossi DJ; Bryder D; Weissman IL. 2006. Purified hematopoietic stem cell engraftment of rare niches corrects severe lymphoid deficiencies without host conditioning. J Exp Med 203(1):73-85. [PubMed: 16380511]  [MGI Ref ID J:118834]

Binder GK; Griffin DE. 2001. Interferon-gamma-mediated site-specific clearance of alphavirus from CNS neurons. Science 293(5528):303-6. [PubMed: 11452126]  [MGI Ref ID J:125465]

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Bommireddy R; Engle SJ; Ormsby I; Boivin GP; Babcock GF; Doetschman T. 2004. Elimination of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells but not B cells eliminates inflammation and prolongs the survival of TGFbeta1-deficient mice. Cell Immunol 232(1-2):96-104. [PubMed: 15922720]  [MGI Ref ID J:99033]

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