Description

The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.

Strain Information

Type Mutant Strain; Spontaneous Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Species laboratory mouse Generation F51p Generation Definitions

Appearance
pigmented, without hair
Related Genotype: a/a Hr^hr/Hr^hr

Important Note
This strain is homozygous for Cdh23^ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, which on this background results in progressive hearing loss that is already severe by three months of age (Johnson et al. 2000).

Description
Mice homozygous for the hr spontaneous mutation have a higher incidence and earlier onset of leukemia, reducible by virus-specific antibody. Deficiency of splenic T helper cells (Ly-1+) may account for low cellular immune response of homozygous mutant mice. The coat is normal on hr/hr mice up to 10 days but then hair is lost from the follicle. Waves of hair growth with few thin fuzzy hairs ocur at monthly intervals for some time but homozygotes eventually become continuously hairless. Vibrissae are repeatedly regrown and shed, becoming more abnormal with age. Toenails are long and curved. There is hyperkeratosis of stratified epithelium and the upper part of hair canals beginning at 14 days. Hair club formation is abnormal. Cysts form from the hyperkeratotic upper part of hair canals and sheaths of abnormal follicles stranded in dermis. Some cysts also form from sebaceous glands. All cysts undergo sebaceous transformation and later keratinization. Black juvenile hair coat and tanning is a dominant trait for this SKH2 substrain. This mutant is for research on ultraviolet radiation induced melanogenesis.

Control Information

	Control
	None Available
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Cdh23^ahl allele

001137	129P1/ReJ
000690	129P3/J
000691	129X1/SvJ
000646	A/J
000647	A/WySnJ
003070	ALR/LtJ
003072	ALS/LtJ
004502	B6;AKR-Lxl2/GrsrJ
001026	BALB/cByJ
000653	BUB/BnJ
005494	C3.129S1(B6)-Grm1rcw/J
000664	C57BL/6J
004764	C57BL/6J-Cdh23v-8J/J
003129	C57BL/6J-Epha4rb-2J/GrsrJ
004820	C57BL/6J-Kcne12J/J
004703	C57BL/6J-Kcnq2Nmf134/J
004811	C57BL/6J-nmf110/J
004812	C57BL/6J-nmf111/J
004747	C57BL/6J-nmf118/J
004656	C57BL/6J-nmf88/J
004391	C57BL/6J-Chr 13A/J/NaJ
004385	C57BL/6J-Chr 7A/J/NaJ
000662	C57BLKS/J
000667	C57BR/cdJ
000668	C57L/J
000669	C58/J
010614	CBACa.B6-Cdh23ahl/Kjn
000657	CE/J
000670	DBA/1J
001140	DBA/1LacJ
000671	DBA/2J
007048	DBA/2J-Gpnmb+/SjJ
002106	KK/HlJ
000675	LG/J
000676	LP/J
000677	MA/MyJ
001976	NOD/ShiLtJ
002050	NOR/LtJ
000679	P/J
002747	SENCARB/PtJ
003392	STOCK Crb1rd8/J

View Strains carrying   Cdh23^ahl     (41 strains)

Strains carrying   Hr^hr allele

001737	B6.Cg-Hrhr H2-T18a/J
002922	D2.HRS-Hrhr/J
000673	HRS/J
001103	HRS/J-Hrhr Esdb/+ Esdb/J
000147	WLHR/LeJ

View Strains carrying   Hr^hr     (5 strains)

Strains carrying   mt-Tr^m2 allele

003070

ALR/LtJ

View Strains carrying   mt-Tr^m2     (1 strain)

Strains carrying other alleles of Cdh23

002552	B6(V)-Cdh23v-2J/J
002756	B6.CAST-Cdh23Ahl+/Kjn
010615	B6.CBACa-Cdh23CBA/CaJ/Kjn
002432	B6J x B6.C-H2-Kbm1/ByJ-Cdh23v-J/J
004764	C57BL/6J-Cdh23v-8J/J
004819	C57BL/6J-Cdh23v-9J/J
005016	CByJ;B6-Cdh23v-10J/J
000275	V/LeJ

View Strains carrying other alleles of Cdh23     (8 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Hr

007621	B6.129S6-Hrtm1Cct/J
000758	C57BL/6J-Hbbp Hrrh-7J/J
000266	RHJ/Le
001591	RHJ/LeJ

View Strains carrying other alleles of Hr     (4 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of mt-Tr

000646	A/J
003072	ALS/LtJ
001976	NOD/ShiLtJ
000684	NZB/BlNJ

View Strains carrying other alleles of mt-Tr     (4 strains)

Additional Web Information

JAX^® NOTES, January 1989; 436. Phenotypic abnormalities in hr-locus mutants.

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Phenotypic Data

Phenotypic Data

Mouse Phenome Database

View Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Related Disease (OMIM) Terms provided by MGI

- Potential model based on gene homology relationships. Phenotypic similarity to the human disease has not been tested. Alopecia Universalis Congenita; ALUNC   (HR) Atrichia with Papular Lesions; APL   (HR) Deafness, Autosomal Recessive 12; DFNB12   (CDH23) Hypotrichosis 4; HYPT4   (HR) Usher Syndrome, Type ID; USH1D   (CDH23)

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGI

      assigned by genotype

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Hr^hr/Hr^hr

        Background Not Specified

• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• abnormal mammary gland morphology
  • small   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
  • nipple at bottom of cup-shaped depression in skin   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
  • no ducts   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
• sebaceous gland atrophy   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal nursing
  • failure   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
• integument phenotype
• abnormal mammary gland morphology
  • small   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
  • nipple at bottom of cup-shaped depression in skin   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
  • no ducts   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
• abnormal skin morphology
  • thickened cutis   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
• • abnormal dermis reticular layer morphology
    • cystic   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
  • dermal cysts   (MGI Ref ID J:14889)
  • epidermal hyperplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:14940)
  • hyperkeratosis   (MGI Ref ID J:14940)
• deformed nails
  • curved   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
• hairless   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)
  • beginning ~15 days of age and progressing from nose back   (MGI Ref ID J:2405)
• sebaceous gland atrophy   (MGI Ref ID J:2409)

Hr^hr/Hr^hr

        HRS/J

• hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
• absent linear vestibular evoked potential
  • VESPs are absent at the maximum stimulus intensity used   (MGI Ref ID J:116914)
• tumorigenesis
• leukemia
  • increased incidence   (MGI Ref ID J:5726)
  • increased incidence   (MGI Ref ID J:5908)
  • at 8 to 10 months of age 45% of homozygotes have lymphoid leukemia, compared with only 1% in heterozygotes, and approximately 72% of these homozygotes develop myeloid leukemia later in life up to 18 months of age   (MGI Ref ID J:24786)
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• decreased T cell number
  • of CD5+ T cells   (MGI Ref ID J:6087)
• decreased T cell proliferation
  • to alloantigens by T helper cells   (MGI Ref ID J:6375)
• increased macrophage cell number
  • although heterozygotes and homozygotes have the same total number of peritoneal cells, the percentage expressing Mac-1 is an average of 30% in homozygotes versus an average of 14% in heterozygotes   (MGI Ref ID J:150402)
• immune system phenotype
• decreased T cell number
  • of CD5+ T cells   (MGI Ref ID J:6087)
• decreased T cell proliferation
  • to alloantigens by T helper cells   (MGI Ref ID J:6375)
• increased macrophage cell number
  • although heterozygotes and homozygotes have the same total number of peritoneal cells, the percentage expressing Mac-1 is an average of 30% in homozygotes versus an average of 14% in heterozygotes   (MGI Ref ID J:150402)
• cellular phenotype
• decreased T cell proliferation
  • to alloantigens by T helper cells   (MGI Ref ID J:6375)

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Neurobiology Research
Hearing Defects
      Age related hearing loss

Sensorineural Research
Hearing Defects
      Age related hearing loss

Cdh23^ahl related

Neurobiology Research
Hearing Defects
      Age related hearing loss

Sensorineural Research
Hearing Defects
      Age related hearing loss

Hr^hr related

Cancer Research
Increased Tumor Incidence
      Leukemia
      Leukemia: lymphocytic
      Lymphomas
      Lymphomas: thymic
      Skin Cancers
      Skin Cancers: Induced
Toxicology

Cardiovascular Research
Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis
      Relatively Resistant

Dermatology Research
Skin and Hair Texture Defects

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research
Immunodeficiency Associated with Other Defects

Research Tools
Toxicology Research
      drug/compound testing

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI

Allele Symbol		Cdh23ahl
Allele Name		age related hearing loss 1
Allele Type		QTL
Common Name(s)		Cdh23753A; mdfw;
Strain of Origin		multiple strains
Gene Symbol and Name		Cdh23, cadherin 23 (otocadherin)
Chromosome		10
Gene Common Name(s)		4930542A03Rik; CDHR23; RIKEN cDNA 4930542A03 gene; USH1D; W; age related hearing loss 1; ahl; bob; bobby; bus; bustling; mdfw; modifier of deaf waddler; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 112; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 181; neuroscience mutagenesis facility, 252; nmf112; nmf181; nmf252; sals; salsa; v; waltzer;
Molecular Note		Genetic complementation tests have shown allelism between the mdfw (modifier of deaf waddler) locus and the ahl locus. Further analysis has identified an association between ahl and a G to A transition at nucleotide position 753 of Cdh23. This hypomorphic allele causes in frame skipping of exon 7 and reduced message stability. Twenty-seven strains classified with ahl and carrying the 753A allele include: CD1, RBF/DnJ, PL/J, AKR/J, RF/J, BALB/cBy, A/WySnJ, P/J, SENCARA/PtJ, DBA/1J, ALS/LtJ, C58/J, C57BLKS/J, 129P1/ReJ, C57BR/cd, SKH2/J, BUB/Bn, MA/MyJ, LP/J, 129X1/SvJ, NOR/LtJ, A/J, C57BL/6, NOD/LtJ, DBA/2J, ALR/LtJ, C57L/J. Strains classified with ahl that DO NOT carry this mutation include: C3H/HeSnJ, I/LnJ,YBR/Ei, MRL/MpJ. [MGI Ref ID J:86905]
Allele Symbol		Hrhr
Allele Name		hairless
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		hr;
Gene Symbol and Name		Hr, hairless
Chromosome		14
Gene Common Name(s)		ALUNC; AU; HSA277165; MUHH; MUHH1; N; ba; baldy; bldy; rh; rh-bmh; rhino-bald Mill Hill;
Molecular Note		The hr allele is the result of a retroviral integration. Insertion of murine leukemia proviral sequences into intron 6 results in aberrant splicing of the gene. [MGI Ref ID J:19624] [MGI Ref ID J:92053] [MGI Ref ID J:9252]
Allele Symbol		mt-Trm2
Allele Name		mutation 2
Allele Type		Spontaneous
Common Name(s)		9A;
Strain of Origin		various
Gene Symbol and Name		mt-Tr, mitochondrially encoded tRNA arginine
Chromosome		MT
Gene Common Name(s)		TrnR tRNA; tRNA; tRNA-Arg;
General Note		This polymorphism is present in ALR/Lt, NOD/ShiLtDvs, and SKH2/J. A variant with 10 adenines is found in A/J, ALS/Lt, NOD/ShiLtJ and NZB/B1NJ.
Molecular Note		The adenine repeat in the D stem is polymorphic with 9 adenines in this allele. [MGI Ref ID J:67312] [MGI Ref ID J:97969]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References provided by MGI

Additional References

Cachon-Gonzalez MB; Fenner S; Coffin JM; Moran C; Best S; Stoye JP. 1994. Structure and expression of the hairless gene of mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(16):7717-21. [PubMed: 8052649]  [MGI Ref ID J:19624]

Morrissey PJ; Parkinson DR; Schwartz RS; Waksal SD. 1980. Immunologic abnormalities in HRS/J mice. I. Specific deficit in T lymphocyte helper function in a mutant mouse. J Immunol 125(4):1558-62. [PubMed: 6447727]  [MGI Ref ID J:6375]

Reske-Kunz AB; Scheid MP; Boyse EA. 1979. Disproportion in T-cell subpopulations in immunodeficient mutant hr/hr mice. J Exp Med 149(1):228-33. [PubMed: 310859]  [MGI Ref ID J:6087]

Stoye JP; Fenner S; Greenoak GE; Moran C; Coffin JM. 1988. Role of endogenous retroviruses as mutagens: the hairless mutation of mice. Cell 54(3):383-91. [PubMed: 2840205]  [MGI Ref ID J:9252]

Cdh23^ahl related

Bosco A; Crish SD; Steele MR; Romero CO; Inman DM; Horner PJ; Calkins DJ; Vetter ML. 2012. Early reduction of microglia activation by irradiation in a model of chronic glaucoma. PLoS One 7(8):e43602. [PubMed: 22952717]  [MGI Ref ID J:191663]

Davis RR; Newlander JK; Ling X; Cortopassi GA; Krieg EF; Erway LC. 2001. Genetic basis for susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in mice. Hear Res 155(1-2):82-90. [PubMed: 11335078]  [MGI Ref ID J:69679]

Di Palma F; Pellegrino R; Noben-Trauth K. 2001. Genomic structure, alternative splice forms and normal and mutant alleles of cadherin 23 (Cdh23). Gene 281(1-2):31-41. [PubMed: 11750125]  [MGI Ref ID J:73941]

Fetoni AR; Picciotti PM; Paludetti G; Troiani D. 2011. Pathogenesis of presbycusis in animal models: a review. Exp Gerontol 46(6):413-25. [PubMed: 21211561]  [MGI Ref ID J:186964]

Han F; Yu H; Tian C; Chen HE; Benedict-Alderfer C; Zheng Y; Wang Q; Han X; Zheng QY. 2010. A new mouse mutant of the Cdh23 gene with early-onset hearing loss facilitates evaluation of otoprotection drugs. Pharmacogenomics J :. [PubMed: 20644563]  [MGI Ref ID J:174758]

Johnson KR; Erway LC; Cook SA; Willott JF; Zheng QY. 1997. A major gene affecting age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice Hear Res 114(1-2):83-92. [PubMed: 9447922]  [MGI Ref ID J:44966]

Johnson KR; Longo-Guess C; Gagnon LH; Yu H; Zheng QY. 2008. A locus on distal chromosome 11 (ahl8) and its interaction with Cdh23 ahl underlie the early onset, age-related hearing loss of DBA/2J mice. Genomics 92(4):219-25. [PubMed: 18662770]  [MGI Ref ID J:139223]

Johnson KR; Yu H; Ding D; Jiang H; Gagnon LH; Salvi RJ. 2010. Separate and combined effects of Sod1 and Cdh23 mutations on age-related hearing loss and cochlear pathology in C57BL/6J mice. Hear Res 268(1-2):85-92. [PubMed: 20470874]  [MGI Ref ID J:163035]

Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Bykhovskaya Y; Spirina O; Fischel-Ghodsian N. 2001. A nuclear-mitochondrial DNA interaction affecting hearing impairment in mice. Nat Genet 27(2):191-4. [PubMed: 11175788]  [MGI Ref ID J:67312]

Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Noben-Trauth K. 2006. Strain background effects and genetic modifiers of hearing in mice. Brain Res 1091(1):79-88. [PubMed: 16579977]  [MGI Ref ID J:110459]

Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Weston MD; Ptacek LJ; Noben-Trauth K. 2005. The Mass1(frings) mutation underlies early onset hearing impairment in BUB/BnJ mice, a model for the auditory pathology of Usher syndrome IIC. Genomics 85(5):582-90. [PubMed: 15820310]  [MGI Ref ID J:97534]

Kane KL; Longo-Guess CM; Gagnon LH; Ding D; Salvi RJ; Johnson KR. 2012. Genetic background effects on age-related hearing loss associated with Cdh23 variants in mice. Hear Res 283(1-2):80-8. [PubMed: 22138310]  [MGI Ref ID J:183757]

Keithley EM; Canto C; Zheng QY; Fischel-Ghodsian N; Johnson KR. 2004. Age-related hearing loss and the ahl locus in mice. Hear Res 188(1-2):21-8. [PubMed: 14759567]  [MGI Ref ID J:87783]

Liu X; Bulgakov OV; Darrow KN; Pawlyk B; Adamian M; Liberman MC; Li T. 2007. Usherin is required for maintenance of retinal photoreceptors and normal development of cochlear hair cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(11):4413-8. [PubMed: 17360538]  [MGI Ref ID J:118927]

Manji SS; Williams LH; Miller KA; Ooms LM; Bahlo M; Mitchell CA; Dahl HH. 2011. A mutation in synaptojanin 2 causes progressive hearing loss in the ENU-mutagenised mouse strain Mozart. PLoS One 6(3):e17607. [PubMed: 21423608]  [MGI Ref ID J:171701]

Mathews CE; Leiter EH. 1999. Resistance of ALR/Lt islets to free radical-mediated diabetogenic stress is inherited as a dominant trait. Diabetes 48(11):2189-96. [PubMed: 10535453]  [MGI Ref ID J:109893]

Nadeau JH. 2003. Modifier genes and protective alleles in humans and mice. Curr Opin Genet Dev 13(3):290-5. [PubMed: 12787792]  [MGI Ref ID J:88012]

Noben-Trauth K; Latoche JR; Neely HR; Bennett B. 2010. Phenotype and genetics of progressive sensorineural hearing loss (Snhl1) in the LXS set of recombinant inbred strains of mice. PLoS One 5(7):e11459. [PubMed: 20628639]  [MGI Ref ID J:163117]

Noben-Trauth K; Zheng QY; Johnson KR. 2003. Association of cadherin 23 with polygenic inheritance and genetic modification of sensorineural hearing loss. Nat Genet 35(1):21-3. [PubMed: 12910270]  [MGI Ref ID J:86905]

Noben-Trauth K; Zheng QY; Johnson KR; Nishina PM. 1997. mdfw: a deafness susceptibility locus that interacts with deaf waddler (dfw). Genomics 44(3):266-72. [PubMed: 9325047]  [MGI Ref ID J:38429]

Perrin BJ; Sonnemann KJ; Ervasti JM. 2010. beta-actin and gamma-actin are each dispensable for auditory hair cell development but required for Stereocilia maintenance. PLoS Genet 6(10):e1001158. [PubMed: 20976199]  [MGI Ref ID J:167543]

Vazquez AE; Jimenez AM; Martin GK; Luebke AE; Lonsbury-Martin BL. 2004. Evaluating cochlear function and the effects of noise exposure in the B6.CAST+Ahl mouse with distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Hear Res 194(1-2):87-96. [PubMed: 15276680]  [MGI Ref ID J:117746]

Zheng QY; Johnson KR. 2001. Hearing loss associated with the modifier of deaf waddler (mdfw) locus corresponds with age-related hearing loss in 12 inbred strains of mice. Hear Res 154(1-2):45-53. [PubMed: 11423214]  [MGI Ref ID J:70964]

Zheng QY; Scarborough JD; Zheng Y; Yu H; Choi D; Gillespie PG. 2012. Digenic inheritance of deafness caused by 8J allele of myosin-VIIA and mutations in other Usher I genes. Hum Mol Genet 21(11):2588-98. [PubMed: 22381527]  [MGI Ref ID J:183898]

Zilberstein Y; Liberman MC; Corfas G. 2012. Inner hair cells are not required for survival of spiral ganglion neurons in the adult cochlea. J Neurosci 32(2):405-10. [PubMed: 22238076]  [MGI Ref ID J:179911]

Hr^hr related

Aberg KM; Man MQ; Gallo RL; Ganz T; Crumrine D; Brown BE; Choi EH; Kim DK; Schroder JM; Feingold KR; Elias PM. 2008. Co-regulation and interdependence of the mammalian epidermal permeability and antimicrobial barriers. J Invest Dermatol 128(4):917-25. [PubMed: 17943185]  [MGI Ref ID J:135506]

Ahmad W; Panteleyev AA; Christiano AM. 1999. The molecular basis of congenital atrichia in humans and mice: mutations in the hairless gene. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 4(3):240-3. [PubMed: 10674375]  [MGI Ref ID J:59939]

Astner S; Wu A; Chen J; Philips N; Rius-Diaz F; Parrado C; Mihm MC; Goukassian DA; Pathak MA; Gonzalez S. 2007. Dietary lutein/zeaxanthin partially reduces photoaging and photocarcinogenesis in chronically UVB-irradiated Skh-1 hairless mice. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 20(6):283-91. [PubMed: 17717424]  [MGI Ref ID J:128747]

Bailey DE; Bunker HP. 1973. Spontaneous mutation to hr<rh2J> Mouse News Lett 49:31.  [MGI Ref ID J:27523]

Balansky RM; Izzotti A; D'Agostini F; Camoirano A; Bagnasco M; Lubet RA; De Flora S. 2003. Systemic genotoxic effects produced by light, and synergism with cigarette smoke in the respiratory tract of hairless mice. Carcinogenesis 24(9):1525-32. [PubMed: 12844483]  [MGI Ref ID J:85507]

Brooke HC. 1926. Hairless mice J Hered 17:173-74.  [MGI Ref ID J:2405]

Brouxhon S; Konger RL; VanBuskirk J; Sheu TJ; Ryan J; Erdle B; Almudevar A; Breyer RM; Scott G; Pentland AP. 2007. Deletion of prostaglandin E2 EP2 receptor protects against ultraviolet-induced carcinogenesis, but increases tumor aggressiveness. J Invest Dermatol 127(2):439-46. [PubMed: 16977324]  [MGI Ref ID J:117581]

Cachon-Gonzalez MB; Fenner S; Coffin JM; Moran C; Best S; Stoye JP. 1994. Structure and expression of the hairless gene of mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91(16):7717-21. [PubMed: 8052649]  [MGI Ref ID J:19624]

Cachon-Gonzalez MB; San-Jose I; Cano A; Vega JA; Garcia N; Freeman T; Schimmang T; Stoye JP. 1999. The hairless gene of the mouse: relationship of phenotypic effects with expression profile and genotype. Dev Dyn 216(2):113-26. [PubMed: 10536052]  [MGI Ref ID J:57947]

Clark EA; Shultz LD; Pollack SB. 1981. Mutations in mice that influence natural killer (NK) cell activity. Immunogenetics 12(5-6):601-13. [PubMed: 6971254]  [MGI Ref ID J:6485]

Crew FAE; Mirskaia L. 1931. The character of "hairless" in the mouse J Genet 25:17-24.  [MGI Ref ID J:2409]

DERINGER MK. 1956. The effect of subcutaneous inoculation of 4-o-tolylazo-o-toluidine in strain HR mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 17(4):533-9. [PubMed: 13367821]  [MGI Ref ID J:24688]

Doig J; Anderson C; Lawrence NJ; Selfridge J; Brownstein DG; Melton DW. 2006. Mice with skin-specific DNA repair gene (Ercc1) inactivation are hypersensitive to ultraviolet irradiation-induced skin cancer and show more rapid actinic progression. Oncogene 25(47):6229-38. [PubMed: 16682947]  [MGI Ref ID J:115849]

Dunn TB; Deringer MK. 1968. Reticulum cell neoplasm, type B, or the Hodgkin's-like lesion of the mouse. J Natl Cancer Inst 40(4):771-821. [PubMed: 4869134]  [MGI Ref ID J:2417]

Dwivedi C; Valluri HB; Guan X; Agarwal R. 2006. Chemopreventive effects of alpha-santalol on ultraviolet B radiation-induced skin tumor development in SKH-1 hairless mice. Carcinogenesis 27(9):1917-22. [PubMed: 16679309]  [MGI Ref ID J:113353]

Egberts F; Heinrich M; Jensen JM; Winoto-Morbach S; Pfeiffer S; Wickel M; Schunck M; Steude J; Saftig P; Proksch E; Schutze S. 2004. Cathepsin D is involved in the regulation of transglutaminase 1 and epidermal differentiation. J Cell Sci 117(Pt 11):2295-307. [PubMed: 15126630]  [MGI Ref ID J:89747]

Elias PM; Arbiser J; Brown BE; Rossiter H; Man MQ; Cerimele F; Crumrine D; Gunathilake R; Choi EH; Uchida Y; Tschachler E; Feingold KR. 2008. Epidermal vascular endothelial growth factor production is required for permeability barrier homeostasis, dermal angiogenesis, and the development of epidermal hyperplasia: implications for the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Am J Pathol 173(3):689-99. [PubMed: 18688025]  [MGI Ref ID J:139588]

Fischer SM; Pavone A; Mikulec C; Langenbach R; Rundhaug JE. 2007. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is critical for chronic UV-induced murine skin carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 46(5):363-71. [PubMed: 17219415]  [MGI Ref ID J:121635]

Fraser FC. 1946. The expression and interaction of hereditary factors producing hypotrichosis in the mouse: histology and experimental results. Can J Res 24:10-25.  [MGI Ref ID J:14940]

Gallagher CH; Canfield PJ; Greenoak GE; Reeve VE. 1984. Characterization and histogenesis of tumors in the hairless mouse produced by low-dosage incremental ultraviolet radiation. J Invest Dermatol 83(3):169-74. [PubMed: 6470519]  [MGI Ref ID J:127204]

Gates AH; Arundell FD; Karasek MA. 1969. Hereditary defect of the pilosebaceous unit in a new double mutant mouse. J Invest Dermatol 52(2):115-8. [PubMed: 5774889]  [MGI Ref ID J:126589]

Gilliver SC; Emmerson E; Campbell L; Chambon P; Hardman MJ; Ashcroft GS. 2010. 17Beta-estradiol inhibits wound healing in male mice via estrogen receptor-alpha. Am J Pathol 176(6):2707-21. [PubMed: 20448060]  [MGI Ref ID J:161321]

Hachem JP; Houben E; Crumrine D; Man MQ; Schurer N; Roelandt T; Choi EH; Uchida Y; Brown BE; Feingold KR; Elias PM. 2006. Serine Protease Signaling of Epidermal Permeability Barrier Homeostasis. J Invest Dermatol 126(9):2074-2086. [PubMed: 16691196]  [MGI Ref ID J:111734]

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mt-Tr^m2 related

Johnson KR; Zheng QY; Bykhovskaya Y; Spirina O; Fischel-Ghodsian N. 2001. A nuclear-mitochondrial DNA interaction affecting hearing impairment in mice. Nat Genet 27(2):191-4. [PubMed: 11175788]  [MGI Ref ID J:67312]

Mathews CE; Leiter EH; Spirina O; Bykhovskaya Y; Gusdon AM; Ringquist S; Fischel-Ghodsian N. 2005. mt-Nd2 Allele of the ALR/Lt mouse confers resistance against both chemically induced and autoimmune diabetes. Diabetologia 48(2):261-7. [PubMed: 15692809]  [MGI Ref ID J:97969]

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This strain is homozygous for Cdh23^ahl, the age related hearing loss 1 mutation, which on this background results in progressive hearing loss that is already severe by three months of age (Johnson et al. 2000).

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