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Type Congenic; Mutant Strain; Targeted Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Additional information on Congenic nomenclature. Species laboratory mouse Background Strain C57BL/6J Donor Strain 129P2 via E14TG2a ES cell line Generation N17pN1 (08-JAN-04) Donating Investigator Oliver Smithies, University of North Carolina Appearance
black
Related Genotype: a/aDescription
Homozygotes are viable and fertile. Homozygotes show elevated blood pressure on both high and low salt diets. Heterozygous mice show normal blood pressure on a low salt diet but elevated blood pressue on a high salt diet.
| Control | ||
|---|---|---|
| Wild-type from the colony | ||
| 000664 C57BL/6J | ||
| Considerations for Choosing Controls | ||
Congenic Nomenclature
View Mammalian Phenotype Terms
Mammalian Phenotype Terms
assigned by genotype
The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX® Mice strain.
Nppatm1Unc/Nppa+
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6J
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- increased blood pressure (MGI Ref ID J:64898)
- after a 5-wk hypoxic exposure (10% O2), hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular (RV) pressure are significantly higher in heterozygous than in wild-type mice (63±7% vs. 45±10%, respectively)
- salt-sensitive hypertension (MGI Ref ID J:76312)
- when fed on standard chow (0.8% NaCl) for 2 weeks, heterozygotes display normal blood pressures and normal heart rates relative to wild-type
- when fed on high salt chow (8% NaCl) for 2 weeks, heterozygotes become hypertensive, with blood pressures elevated by 27 mm Hg relative to wild-type; heart rates remain unaffected relative to wild-type
- right ventricle hypertrophy (MGI Ref ID J:64898)
- after a 5-wk hypoxic exposure (10% O2), hypoxia-induced increases in RV mass are significantly higher in heterozygous than in wild-type (29±4% vs. 26±5%, respectively)
Nppatm1Unc/Nppatm1Unc
involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * C57BL/6
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- *normal* cardiovascular system phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:54986)
- homozygotes show no differences in body weight or hematocrit relative to wild-type mice under both normoxic and chronically hypoxic conditions
- abnormal cardiovascular system physiology (MGI Ref ID J:53877)
- autonomic ganglion blockade induces comparable % reductions in CO, HR, and stroke volume in both genotypes; however, in mutants, the concomitant decrease in ABP (%) is significantly higher than in wild-type mice and is accompanied by a significant reduction in total peripheral resistance
- abnormal blood pressure (MGI Ref ID J:63072)
- intracerebroventricular ANP or losartan results in significant (and rapid) hypotension only in homozygous mutant mice
- notably, mutant and wild-type mice show comparable reductions in mean ABP after intravenous injection of vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist, suggesting that increased central AT1-receptor activation, but not systemic vasopressin, sustains chronic hypertension in mutant mice
- increased blood pressure (MGI Ref ID J:64898)
- after a 5-wk hypoxic exposure (10% O2), hypoxia-induced increases in right ventricular (RV) pressure are significantly higher in homozygous than in wild-type mice (104±17% vs. 45±10%, respectively)
- under normoxic conditions, homozygotes exhibit higher right ventricular peak pressure (RVPP) than wild-type mice
- after 3 weeks of hypoxia, homozygotes show a higher RVPP than heterozygous or wild-type mice
- hypertension (MGI Ref ID J:76312)
- homozygotes exhibit significant increases in blood pressures (8 to 23 mm Hg) when they are fed standard (0.5% NaCl) and intermediate (2% NaCl) salt diets for 2-3 weeks
- the heart rates of homozygotes are comparable to those of wild-type and heterozygous littermates
- salt-sensitive hypertension (MGI Ref ID J:57623)
- when fed on a HS-diet (8% NaCl) for 4 weeks, homozygotes exhibit significantly increased basal arterial blood pressures (139±5 mm Hg) relative to wild-type mice (82±1 mm Hg)
- chronic treatment with the AT1 antagonist losartan has no effect on ABP in wild-type mice, but reduces ABP to wild-type levels in salt-fed mutant mice
- regardless of the state of alertness (i.e. conscious vs. anesthetized), homozygotes develop salt-sensitive hypertension (135±3 mm Hg) after prolonged maintenance (>1 wk) on a high-salt (HS; 8% NaCl) diet compared with both homozygotes (115±2 mm Hg) and wild-type (110±5 mm Hg) mice maintained on a low-salt (LS; 0.008% NaCl) diet
- increased diastolic blood pressure (MGI Ref ID J:53877)
- homozygotes display elevated baseline arterial blood pressure (132±4 mm Hg) relative to wild-type mice (95±2 mm Hg)
- abnormal vascular resistance (MGI Ref ID J:53877)
- chronically hypertensive homozygotes exhibit elevated baseline total peripheral resistance relative to normotensive wild-type mice; no differences in stroke volume are observed
- decreased cardiac output (MGI Ref ID J:53877)
- homozygotes display a tendency towards reduced cardiac output (CO) values, as a result of reduced basal heart rate (HR); however, the differences in basal CO and HR do not reach statistical significance
- increased heart rate (MGI Ref ID J:57623)
- when fed on a HS-diet (8% NaCl) for 4 weeks, homozygotes exhibit significantly increased basal heart rates (504± 20 beats/min) relative to wild-type (425±25 beats/min)
- chronic treatment with the AT1 antagonist losartan has no effect on HR in wild-type mice, but reduces HR to wild-type levels in salt-fed mutant mice
- pulmonary hypertension (MGI Ref ID J:54986)
- homozygotes develop severe hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, as shown by significant differences in RVPP, RV/BW, RV/LV+S, or % of muscularized pulmonary vessels between hypoxia-adapted homozygotes and wild-type mice
- abnormal vascular smooth muscle morphology (MGI Ref ID J:54986)
- under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, homozygotes display a higher % of muscularized peripheral pulmonary vessels relative to heterozygous or wild-type mice
- under normoxic conditions, homozygotes exhibit a higher % of partially muscularized peripheral pulmonary vessels
- after 3 weeks of hypobaric hypoxia, homozygotes exhibit a higher % of fully muscularized peripheral pulmonary vessels
- enlarged heart (MGI Ref ID J:76312)
- on intermediate salt diets (2% NaCl), homozygotes exhibit cardiac enlargement relative to wild-type
- increased heart weight (MGI Ref ID J:76312)
- on intermediate salt diets (2% NaCl), homozygotes exhibit a greater ratio of heart weight to body weight than both heterozygous and wild-type
- left ventricle hypertrophy (MGI Ref ID J:54986)
- under normoxic and chronically hypoxic conditions, homozygotes display a higher left ventricle plus septum weight-to-body weight (LV+S/BW) ratio than heterozygous and wild-type mice
- compared with wild-type, (LV+S/BW) is 49% and 38% greater in homozygotes kept in normoxic and chronically hypoxic conditions, respectively
- right ventricle hypertrophy (MGI Ref ID J:54986)
- under normoxic and chronically hypoxic conditions, homozygotes display a higher right ventricle weight-to-body weight (RV/BW) ratio than heterozygous and wild-type mice
- compared with wild-type, RV/BW is 60% and 53% greater in homozygotes kept in normoxic and chronically hypoxic conditions, respectively
- notably, the RV/LV+S ratio is higher in homozygous mutants than that in heterozygous or wild-type mice under hypoxic but not under normoxic conditions
- after a 5-wk hypoxic exposure (10% O2), hypoxia-induced increases in RV mass are significantly higher in homozygous than in wild-type (38±4% vs. 26±5%, respectively)
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- decreased hematocrit (MGI Ref ID J:76312)
- after 2 wk on a high-salt diet, homozygotes exhibit significantly reduced hematocrits relative to wild-type mice, suggesting relative salt-retention during chronic high-salt maintainance
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- *normal* homeostasis/metabolism phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:57623)
- homozygotes fed on a HS-diet (8% NaCl) for 4 weeks, display a comparable cumulative dietary intake of food and water and urinary excretion of fluid and electrolytes relative to wild-type; chronic treatment with losartan has no effect on these parameters
- abnormal renin activity (MGI Ref ID J:95900)
- in homozygotes maintained on a high-salt (HS; 8% NaCl) diet, the salt-sensitive hypertensive response is time-dependent (>1 wk latency), and is associated with failure to downregulate plasma renin activity (PRA)
- in contrast, wild-type mice respond to HS diet with an appropriate reduction in PRA relative to wild-type mice maintained on low-salt diet (LS; 0.008% NaCl), and remain normotensive for the duration of the dietary regimen
- increased circulating adrenaline level (MGI Ref ID J:57623)
- when fed on a HS-diet (8% NaCl) for 4 weeks, homozygotes exhibit a 10-fold increase in baseline total plasma catecholamine levels (norepinephrine plus epinephrine) relative to wild-type mice, indicating an abnormally elevated sympathetic tone
- chronic treatment with the AT1 antagonist losartan reduces plasma catecholamine to approximately wild-type levels in salt-fed mutant mice
- notably, plasma aldosterone does not differ significantly between genotypes and is not altered by losartan
- increased circulating sodium level (MGI Ref ID J:95900)
- after 2 wk on 8% NaCl, homozygotes show increased sodium reabsorption relative to wild-type mice [unpublished]
- muscle phenotype
- abnormal vascular smooth muscle morphology (MGI Ref ID J:54986)
- under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, homozygotes display a higher % of muscularized peripheral pulmonary vessels relative to heterozygous or wild-type mice
- under normoxic conditions, homozygotes exhibit a higher % of partially muscularized peripheral pulmonary vessels
- after 3 weeks of hypobaric hypoxia, homozygotes exhibit a higher % of fully muscularized peripheral pulmonary vessels
- respiratory system phenotype
- pulmonary hypertension (MGI Ref ID J:54986)
- homozygotes develop severe hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, as shown by significant differences in RVPP, RV/BW, RV/LV+S, or % of muscularized pulmonary vessels between hypoxia-adapted homozygotes and wild-type mice
View Research Applications
Research Applications
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:Nppatm1Unc related
Cardiovascular Research
Hypertension (diet-induced)
| Allele Symbol | Nppatm1Unc | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Allele Name | targeted mutation 1, University of North Carolina | ||
| Allele Type | Targeted (knock-out) | ||
| Common Name(s) | ANP-; proANP-; | ||
| Mutation Made By | Oliver Smithies, University of North Carolina | ||
| Strain of Origin | 129P2/OlaHsd | ||
| ES Cell Line Name | E14TG2a | ||
| ES Cell Line Strain | 129P2/OlaHsd | ||
| Gene Symbol and Name | Nppa, natriuretic peptide precursor type A | ||
| Chromosome | 4 | ||
| Gene Common Name(s) | ANF; ANP; ATFB6; Anf; CDD-ANF; PND; Pnd; RATANF; atrial natriuretic peptide; natriuretic peptide precursor A; | ||
| General Note | Phenotypic Similarity to Human Syndrome: Salt-Sensitive Hypertension (J:76312). | ||
| Molecular Note | 11 bp of exon 2 was replaced with a neomycin resistance gene via homologous recombination. Radioimmunoassay of plasma and atria from homozygous mutant animals did not detect protein product. [MGI Ref ID J:76312] | ||
Genotyping Protocols
Nppatm1Unc, STD PCR, vers. 1
Helpful Links
Optimizing PCR Protocols
John SW; Krege JH; Oliver PM; Hagaman JR; Hodgin JB; Pang SC; Flynn TG; Smithies O. 1995. Genetic decreases in atrial natriuretic peptide and salt-sensitive hypertension. Science 267(5198):679-81. [PubMed: 7839143] [MGI Ref ID J:76312]
Sun JZ; Chen SJ; Majid-Hasan E; Oparil S; Chen YF. 2002. Dietary salt supplementation selectively downregulates NPR-C receptor expression in kidney independently of ANP. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 282(2):F220-7. [PubMed: 11788435] [MGI Ref ID J:75607]
Nppatm1Unc relatedAckermann U; Azizi N. 2000. Increased central AT(1)-receptor activation, not systemic vasopressin, sustains hypertension in ANP knockout mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278(6):R1441-5. [PubMed: 10848509] [MGI Ref ID J:63072]
Feng JA; Perry G; Mori T; Hayashi T; Oparil S; Chen YF. 2003. Pressure-independent enhancement of cardiac hypertrophy in atrial natriuretic peptide-deficient mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 30(5-6):343-9. [PubMed: 12859424] [MGI Ref ID J:103080]
Franco V; Chen YF; Oparil S; Feng JA; Wang D; Hage F; Perry G. 2004. Atrial natriuretic peptide dose-dependently inhibits pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling. Hypertension 44(5):746-50. [PubMed: 15452027] [MGI Ref ID J:103584]
Honrath U; Chong CK; Melo LG; Sonnenberg H. 1999. Effect of saline infusion on kidney and collecting duct function in atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) gene 'knockout' mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 77(6):454-7. [PubMed: 10537232] [MGI Ref ID J:57410]
John SW; Veress AT; Honrath U; Chong CK; Peng L; Smithies O; Sonnenberg H. 1996. Blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte balance in mice with reduced or absent ANP. Am J Physiol 271(1 Pt 2):R109-14. [PubMed: 8760210] [MGI Ref ID J:113046]
Klinger JR; Warburton RR; Pietras LA; Smithies O; Swift R; Hill NS. 1999. Genetic disruption of atrial natriuretic peptide causes pulmonary hypertension in normoxic and hypoxic mice. Am J Physiol 276(5 Pt 1):L868-74. [PubMed: 10330043] [MGI Ref ID J:54986]
Li P; Wang D; Lucas J; Oparil S; Xing D; Cao X; Novak L; Renfrow MB; Chen YF. 2008. Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits transforming growth factor beta-induced Smad signaling and myofibroblast transformation in mouse cardiac fibroblasts. Circ Res 102(2):185-92. [PubMed: 17991884] [MGI Ref ID J:141565]
Melo LG; Veress AT; Ackermann U; Pang SC; Flynn TG; Sonnenberg H. 1999. Chronic hypertension in ANP knockout mice: contribution of peripheral resistance. Regul Pept 79(2-3):109-15. [PubMed: 10100923] [MGI Ref ID J:53877]
Melo LG; Veress AT; Ackermann U; Steinhelper ME; Pang SC; Tse Y; Sonnenberg H. 1999. Chronic regulation of arterial blood pressure in ANP transgenic and knockout mice: role of cardiovascular sympathetic tone. Cardiovasc Res 43(2):437-44. [PubMed: 10536674] [MGI Ref ID J:59693]
Melo LG; Veress AT; Chong CK; Ackermann U; Sonnenberg H. 1999. Salt-sensitive hypertension in ANP knockout mice is prevented by AT1 receptor antagonist losartan. Am J Physiol 277(3 Pt 2):R624-30. [PubMed: 10484477] [MGI Ref ID J:57623]
Melo LG; Veress AT; Chong CK; Pang SC; Flynn TG; Sonnenberg H. 1998. Salt-sensitive hypertension in ANP knockout mice: potential role of abnormal plasma renin activity. Am J Physiol 274(1 Pt 2):R255-61. [PubMed: 9458926] [MGI Ref ID J:95900]
Mori T; Chen YF; Feng JA; Hayashi T; Oparil S; Perry GJ. 2004. Volume overload results in exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy in the atrial natriuretic peptide knockout mouse. Cardiovasc Res 61(4):771-9. [PubMed: 14985074] [MGI Ref ID J:102124]
O'Tierney PF; Tse MY; Pang SC. 2007. Elevated renal norepinephrine in proANP gene-disrupted mice is associated with increased tyrosine hydroxylase expression in sympathetic ganglia. Regul Pept 143(1-3):90-6. [PubMed: 17482290] [MGI Ref ID J:136761]
Sangaralingham SJ; Tse MY; Pang SC. 2007. Estrogen protects against the development of salt-induced cardiac hypertrophy in heterozygous proANP gene-disrupted mice. J Endocrinol 194(1):143-152. [PubMed: 17592028] [MGI Ref ID J:122390]
Sun JZ; Chen SJ; Li G; Chen YF. 2000. Hypoxia reduces atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor gene expression in ANP knockout mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 279(3):L511-9. [PubMed: 10956626] [MGI Ref ID J:64898]
Sun JZ; Chen SJ; Majid-Hasan E; Oparil S; Chen YF. 2002. Dietary salt supplementation selectively downregulates NPR-C receptor expression in kidney independently of ANP. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 282(2):F220-7. [PubMed: 11788435] [MGI Ref ID J:75607]
Vera N; Tse MY; Watson JD; Sarda S; Steinhelper ME; John SW; Flynn TG; Pang SC. 2000. Altered expression of natriuretic peptide receptors in proANP gene disrupted mice. Cardiovasc Res 46(3):595-603. [PubMed: 10912470] [MGI Ref ID J:84437]
Wang D; Oparil S; Feng JA; Li P; Perry G; Chen LB; Dai M; John SW; Chen YF. 2003. Effects of pressure overload on extracellular matrix expression in the heart of the atrial natriuretic peptide-null mouse. Hypertension 42(1):88-95. [PubMed: 12756220] [MGI Ref ID J:102952]
Colony Maintenance
Diet Information LabDiet® 5K52/5K67
| Pricing for USA, Canada and Mexico shipping destinations |
|
Animals Provided
Price (US dollars $) Cryorecovery Fee $1900.00 At least two mice that carry the mutation (if it is a mutant strain) will be provided. Their genotypes may not reflect those discussed in the strain description. Please inquire for possible genotypes and see additional details below.
| Pricing for International shipping destinations |
|
Animals Provided
Price (US dollars $) Cryorecovery Fee $2470.00 At least two mice that carry the mutation (if it is a mutant strain) will be provided. Their genotypes may not reflect those discussed in the strain description. Please inquire for possible genotypes and see additional details below.
| Standard Supply | Cryopreserved. Ready for recovery. Please refer to pricing and supply notes for further information. |
|---|---|
| Supply Notes |
|
| Control | ||
|---|---|---|
| Wild-type from the colony | ||
| 000664 C57BL/6J | ||
| Considerations for Choosing Controls | ||
| USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains. | ||
| International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains. | ||
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Tel: 800.422.6423 or 207.288.5845
Fax: 207.288.6150
Technical Support Email Form
| phone: | 207-288-6470 |
| fax: | 207-288-6655 |
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