Description

Strain Information

Former Names 129S-Adprt1tm1Zqw/J    (Changed: 15-DEC-04 ) 129S-Aprttm1Zqw    (Changed: 15-DEC-04 ) 129S-AprttmZqw    (Changed: 15-DEC-04 ) Type Mutant Strain; Targeted Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Mating System Homozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male) Species laboratory mouse Generation F?+F15N1F6 (22-OCT-08)   Donating Investigator Zhao-Qi Wang,   International Agency for Research/Cancer

Description
Mice that are homozygous null for the targeted gene are viable, fertile, normal in size and do not display any gross physical or behavioral abnormalities. Although a shortened transcript is generated, no enzymatic activity is detected in tissues. Proliferation of homozygous-null fibroblasts and thymocytes is impaired following gamma-radiation in comparison to cells derived from wild-type mice. Older mice are susceptible to spontaneous development of skin disease. A significant portion of older mice ( ~30%) can be expected to exhibit epidermal hyperplasia. Null mice are also less susceptible to damage induced by the neurotoxin MPTP.

Development
A targeting vector containing a neomycin resistance gene was used to disrupt exon 2. The construct was electroporated into 129S2/SvPas-derived D3 embryonic stem (ES) cells. Correctly targeted ES cells were injected into C57BL/6 blastocysts. Chimeric animals were obtained and bred to 129S6/SvEv mice.

Control Information

	Control
	002448 129S1/SvImJ
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Additional Web Information

JAX^® NOTES, Fall 2003; 491. Novel Strain With No ADP-ribosyltransferase I Enzymatic Activity
JAX^® NOTES, Spring 2003; 489. Medulloblastoma Mouse Models.

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms

      assigned by genotype

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Parp1^tm1Zqw/Parp1^tm1Zqw

        involves: 129S2/SvPas * C57BL/6

• cellular phenotype
• decreased cell proliferation (MGI Ref ID J:23942)
  • mutant mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are able to efficiently repair DNA damaged by UV and alkylating agents
  • however, mutant MEFs exhibit a reduced proliferation rate relative to wild-type MEFs
  • in addition, mutant thymocyte progenitors show impaired proliferation and a slow recovery following whole-body gamma-radiation
• skin/coat/nails phenotype
• skin hyperplasia (MGI Ref ID J:23942)
  • homozygotes are viable, fertile, of normal size, and do not display any gross physical or behavioral abnormalities
  • older homozygotes are susceptible to spontaneous development of skin disease: ~30% of older mice develop epidermal hyperplasia
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• decreased sensitivity to xenobiotics (MGI Ref ID J:23942)
  • homozygotes exhibit reduced susceptibility to damage induced by neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)
• nervous system phenotype
• decreased neuron apoptosis (MGI Ref ID J:65747)
  • homozygotes are resistant to apoptosis typically induced by monocular deprivation in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN)
  • in wild-type mice, monocular deprivation causes Trp53 accumulation, cell death, and progressive neuronal loss in the dLGN, with an early accumulation of citrulline

Parp1^tm1Zqw/Parp1^tm1Zqw

        involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6

• immune system phenotype
• decreased inflammatory response (MGI Ref ID J:94497)
  • neutrophil infiltration was prevented in TNBS treated mutant mice but not in wild-type
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• decreased susceptibility to injury (MGI Ref ID J:94172)
  • reduced plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate when colitis was induced
• enhanced wound healing (MGI Ref ID J:94497)
  • induction of colitis with rinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) resulted in mucosal congestion, erosion, and hemorrhagic ulcerations of the distal colon and rectum in both wild-type and mutants, however the damage started to resolve after 72 hours and by 6-7 days, tissues were normal in mutants but damage was maintained in wild-type
  • induction of colitis caused only 20% of mutant mice to develop serious diarrhea and to die within 48 hours compared to 100% of wild-type developing diarrhea and 50% dying
  • induction of colitis resulted in reduced epithelial apoptosis in inflamed colon and faster resolution of colon damage compared to wild-type

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Neurobiology Research
Parkinson's Disease (resistance to MPTP)

Parp1^tm1Zqw related

Apoptosis Research
Endogenous Regulators

Cancer Research
Other (DNA Repair)

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Inflammation

Neurobiology Research
Neurodegeneration

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol		Parp1tm1Zqw
Allele Name		targeted mutation 1, Zhao-Qi Wang
Allele Type		Targeted (knock-out)
Common Name(s)		ADPRT-; Adprt1tm1Wag; PARP-; PARP-1-; PARS-;
Mutation Made By		Zhao-Qi Wang,   International Agency for Research/Cancer
Strain of Origin		129S2/SvPas
ES Cell Line Name		D3
ES Cell Line Strain		129S2/SvPas
Gene Symbol and Name		Parp1, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1
Chromosome		1
Gene Common Name(s)		5830444G22Rik; ADP-ribosyltransferase (NAD+, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase) 1; ADPRT; ADPRT1; AI893648; Adprp; Adprt1; C80510; MGC93658; PARP; PARP-1; PPOL; RIKEN cDNA 5830444G22 gene; expressed sequence AI893648; expressed sequence C80510; pADPRT-1; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; sPARP-1;
Molecular Note		A promoterless neomycin gene replaced part of exon 2 and intron 2. The neomycin sequences were fused in-frame to the coding sequence of the gene. Northern blot analysis detected a truncated fusion transcript in homozygous mice. Enzyme activity assays demonstrated a lack of functional ADPRT1 protein in homozygous mice. [MGI Ref ID J:23942]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Parp1^tm1Zqw, STD PCR, vers. 2

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Selected Reference(s)

Wang ZQ; Auer B; Stingl L; Berghammer H; Haidacher D; Schweiger M; Wagner EF. 1995. Mice lacking ADPRT and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation develop normally but are susceptible to skin disease. Genes Dev 9(5):509-20. [PubMed: 7698643]  [MGI Ref ID J:23942]

Additional References

Parp1^tm1Zqw related

Andrabi SA; Kim NS; Yu SW; Wang H; Koh DW; Sasaki M; Klaus JA; Otsuka T; Zhang Z; Koehler RC; Hurn PD; Poirier GG; Dawson VL; Dawson TM. 2006. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer is a death signal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(48):18308-13. [PubMed: 17116882]  [MGI Ref ID J:117094]

Boulares AH; Zoltoski AJ; Sherif ZA; Jolly P; Massaro D; Smulson ME. 2003. Gene knockout or pharmacological inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 prevents lung inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 28(3):322-9. [PubMed: 12594058]  [MGI Ref ID J:94615]

Chiu J; Farhangkhoee H; Xu BY; Chen S; George B; Chakrabarti S. 2008. PARP mediates structural alterations in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 45(3):385-93. [PubMed: 18657544]  [MGI Ref ID J:139960]

Cover C; Fickert P; Knight TR; Fuchsbichler A; Farhood A; Trauner M; Jaeschke H. 2005. Pathophysiological role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation during acetaminophen-induced liver cell necrosis in mice. Toxicol Sci 84(1):201-8. [PubMed: 15601672]  [MGI Ref ID J:106443]

Deschenes F; Massip L; Garand C; Lebel M. 2005. In vivo misregulation of genes involved in apoptosis, development and oxidative stress in mice lacking both functional Werner syndrome protein and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Hum Mol Genet 14(21):3293-308. [PubMed: 16195394]  [MGI Ref ID J:103920]

Eliasson MJ; Sampei K; Mandir AS; Hurn PD; Traystman RJ; Bao J; Pieper A; Wang ZQ; Dawson TM; Snyder SH; Dawson VL. 1997. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase gene disruption renders mice resistant to cerebral ischemia. Nat Med 3(10):1089-95. [PubMed: 9334719]  [MGI Ref ID J:43649]

Ha HC; Hester LD; Snyder SH. 2002. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 dependence of stress-induced transcription factors and associated gene expression in glia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(5):3270-5. [PubMed: 11854472]  [MGI Ref ID J:126968]

Hagberg H; Wilson MA; Matsushita H; Zhu C; Lange M; Gustavsson M; Poitras MF; Dawson TM; Dawson VL; Northington F; Johnston MV. 2004. PARP-1 gene disruption in mice preferentially protects males from perinatal brain injury. J Neurochem 90(5):1068-75. [PubMed: 15312162]  [MGI Ref ID J:93044]

Kameoka M; Nukuzuma S; Itaya A; Tanaka Y; Ota K; Inada Y; Ikuta K; Yoshihara K. 2005. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 is required for integration of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome near centromeric alphoid DNA in human and murine cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 334(2):412-7. [PubMed: 16002043]  [MGI Ref ID J:100077]

Kauppinen TM; Swanson RA. 2005. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 promotes microglial activation, proliferation, and matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated neuron death. J Immunol 174(4):2288-96. [PubMed: 15699164]  [MGI Ref ID J:96548]

Khandoga A; Enders G; Biberthaler P; Krombach F. 2002. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase triggers the microvascular mechanisms of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 283(3):G553-60. [PubMed: 12181167]  [MGI Ref ID J:107852]

Kuhnle S; Nicotera P; Wendel A; Leist M. 1999. Prevention of endotoxin-induced lethality, but not of liver apoptosis in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 263(2):433-8. [PubMed: 10491311]  [MGI Ref ID J:57849]

Le Rhun Y; Kirkland JB; Shah GM. 1998. Cellular responses to DNA damage in the absence of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 245(1):1-10. [PubMed: 9535773]  [MGI Ref ID J:53842]

Lebel M; Lavoie J; Gaudreault I; Bronsard M; Drouin R. 2003. Genetic Cooperation between the Werner Syndrome Protein and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 in Preventing Chromatid Breaks, Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements, and Cancer in Mice. Am J Pathol 162(5):1559-69. [PubMed: 12707040]  [MGI Ref ID J:83068]

Liaudet L; Soriano FG; Szabo E; Virag L; Mabley JG; Salzman AL; Szabo C. 2000. Protection against hemorrhagic shock in mice genetically deficient in poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(18):10203-8. [PubMed: 10954738]  [MGI Ref ID J:125573]

Lin CP; Ban Y; Lyu YL; Desai SD; Liu LF. 2008. A ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for the repair of topoisomerase I-DNA covalent complexes. J Biol Chem 283(30):21074-83. [PubMed: 18515798]  [MGI Ref ID J:137993]

McCullough LD; Zeng Z; Blizzard KK; Debchoudhury I; Hurn PD. 2005. Ischemic nitric oxide and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in cerebral ischemia: male toxicity, female protection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 25(4):502-12. [PubMed: 15689952]  [MGI Ref ID J:112492]

Morrison C; Smith GC; Stingl L; Jackson SP; Wagner EF; Wang ZQ. 1997. Genetic interaction between PARP and DNA-PK in V(D)J recombination and tumorigenesis. Nat Genet 17(4):479-82. [PubMed: 9398855]  [MGI Ref ID J:75374]

Nucci C; Piccirilli S; Rodino P; Nistico R; Grandinetti M; Cerulli L; Leist M; Nicotera P; Bagetta G. 2000. Apoptosis in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus after monocular deprivation involves glutamate signaling, NO production, and PARP activation Biochem Biophys Res Commun 278(2):360-7. [PubMed: 11097843]  [MGI Ref ID J:65747]

Obrosova IG; Li F; Abatan OI; Forsell MA; Komjati K; Pacher P; Szabo C; Stevens MJ. 2004. Role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes 53(3):711-20. [PubMed: 14988256]  [MGI Ref ID J:88378]

Obrosova IG; Xu W; Lyzogubov VV; Ilnytska O; Mashtalir N; Vareniuk I; Pavlov IA; Zhang J; Slusher B; Drel VR. 2008. PARP inhibition or gene deficiency counteracts intraepidermal nerve fiber loss and neuropathic pain in advanced diabetic neuropathy. Free Radic Biol Med 44(6):972-81. [PubMed: 17976390]  [MGI Ref ID J:134198]

Oumouna M; Datta R; Oumouna-Benachour K; Suzuki Y; Hans C; Matthews K; Fallon K; Boulares H. 2006. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibition prevents eosinophil recruitment by modulating Th2 cytokines in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation: a potential specific effect on IL-5. J Immunol 177(9):6489-96. [PubMed: 17056581]  [MGI Ref ID J:140504]

Oumouna-Benachour K; Hans CP; Suzuki Y; Naura A; Datta R; Belmadani S; Fallon K; Woods C; Boulares AH. 2007. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibition reduces atherosclerotic plaque size and promotes factors of plaque stability in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice: effects on macrophage recruitment, nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation, and foam cell death. Circulation 115(18):2442-50. [PubMed: 17438151]  [MGI Ref ID J:137119]

Pacher P; Liaudet L; Bai P; Virag L; Mabley JG; Hasko G; Szabo C. 2002. Activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase contributes to development of doxorubicin-induced heart failure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 300(3):862-7. [PubMed: 11861791]  [MGI Ref ID J:126906]

Phulwani NK; Kielian T. 2008. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) 1-3 regulate astrocyte activation. J Neurochem 106(2):578-90. [PubMed: 18410506]  [MGI Ref ID J:139391]

Pieper AA; Blackshaw S; Clements EE; Brat DJ; Krug DK; White AJ; Pinto-Garcia P; Favit A; Conover JR; Snyder SH; Verma A. 2000. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation basally activated by DNA strand breaks reflects glutamate-nitric oxide neurotransmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(4):1845-50. [PubMed: 10677544]  [MGI Ref ID J:126918]

Pillai JB; Gupta M; Rajamohan SB; Lang R; Raman J; Gupta MP. 2006. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-deficient mice are protected from angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291(4):H1545-53. [PubMed: 16632544]  [MGI Ref ID J:116339]

Pillai JB; Russell HM; Raman J; Jeevanandam V; Gupta MP. 2005. Increased expression of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 contributes to caspase-independent myocyte cell death during heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 288(2):H486-96. [PubMed: 15374823]  [MGI Ref ID J:96166]

Shall S; de Murcia G. 2000. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1: what have we learned from the deficient mouse model? Mutat Res 460(1):1-15. [PubMed: 10856830]  [MGI Ref ID J:63068]

Shieh WM; Ame JC; Wilson MV; Wang ZQ; Koh DW; Jacobson MK; Jacobson EL. 1998. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase null mouse cells synthesize ADP-ribose polymers. J Biol Chem 273(46):30069-72. [PubMed: 9804757]  [MGI Ref ID J:50963]

Simbulan-Rosenthal CM; Haddad BR; Rosenthal DS; Weaver Z; Coleman A; Luo R; Young HM; Wang ZQ; Ried T; Smulson ME. 1999. Chromosomal aberrations in PARP(-/-) mice: genome stabilization in immortalized cells by reintroduction of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(23):13191-6. [PubMed: 10557296]  [MGI Ref ID J:58513]

Tanori M; Mancuso M; Pasquali E; Leonardi S; Rebessi S; Di Majo V; Guilly MN; Giangaspero F; Covelli V; Pazzaglia S; Saran A. 2008. PARP-1 cooperates with Ptc1 to suppress medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 29(10):1911-9. [PubMed: 18660545]  [MGI Ref ID J:139958]

Tentori L; Lacal PM; Muzi A; Dorio AS; Leonetti C; Scarsella M; Ruffini F; Xu W; Min W; Stoppacciaro A; Colarossi C; Wang ZQ; Zhang J; Graziani G. 2007. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition or PARP-1 gene deletion reduces angiogenesis. Eur J Cancer 43(14):2124-2133. [PubMed: 17714938]  [MGI Ref ID J:124866]

Tentori L; Muzi A; Dorio AS; Bultrini S; Mazzon E; Lacal PM; Shah GM; Zhang J; Navarra P; Nocentini G; Cuzzocrea S; Graziani G. 2008. Stable depletion of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 reduces in vivo melanoma growth and increases chemosensitivity. Eur J Cancer 44(9):1302-1314. [PubMed: 18440222]  [MGI Ref ID J:136248]

Tong WM; Hande MP; Lansdorp PM; Wang ZQ. 2001. DNA strand break-sensing molecule poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerase cooperates with p53 in telomere function, chromosome stability, and tumor suppression. Mol Cell Biol 21(12):4046-54. [PubMed: 11359911]  [MGI Ref ID J:69252]

Tong WM; Ohgaki H; Huang H; Granier C; Kleihues P; Wang ZQ. 2003. Null Mutation of DNA Strand Break-Binding Molecule Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Causes Medulloblastomas in p53(-/-) Mice. Am J Pathol 162(1):343-52. [PubMed: 12507917]  [MGI Ref ID J:80903]

Tong WM; Yang YG; Cao WH; Galendo D; Frappart L; Shen Y; Wang ZQ. 2007. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 plays a role in suppressing mammary tumourigenesis in mice. Oncogene 26(26):3857-67. [PubMed: 17160013]  [MGI Ref ID J:122892]

Wang X; Liu L; Montagna C; Ried T; Deng CX. 2007. Haploinsufficiency of Parp1 accelerates Brca1-associated centrosome amplification, telomere shortening, genetic instability, apoptosis, and embryonic lethality. Cell Death Differ 14(5):924-31. [PubMed: 17318223]  [MGI Ref ID J:139260]

Wang ZQ; Stingl L; Morrison C; Jantsch M; Los M; Schulze-Osthoff K ; Wagner EF. 1997. PARP is important for genomic stability but dispensable in apoptosis. Genes Dev 11(18):2347-58. [PubMed: 9308963]  [MGI Ref ID J:43009]

Yang Z; Zingarelli B; Szabo C. 2000. Effect of genetic disruption of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase on delayed production of inflammatory mediators and delayed necrosis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Shock 13(1):60-6. [PubMed: 10638671]  [MGI Ref ID J:60052]

Zheng J; Devalaraja-Narashimha K; Singaravelu K; Padanilam BJ. 2005. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 gene ablation protects mice from ischemic renal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288(2):F387-98. [PubMed: 15494543]  [MGI Ref ID J:95418]

Zhou HZ; Swanson RA; Simonis U; Ma X; Cecchini G; Gray MO. 2006. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 hyperactivation and impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I function in reperfused mouse hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291(2):H714-23. [PubMed: 16582021]  [MGI Ref ID J:116294]

Zingarelli B; Hake PW; Burroughs TJ; Piraino G; O'connor M; Denenberg A. 2004. Activator protein-1 signalling pathway and apoptosis are modulated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in experimental colitis. Immunology 113(4):509-17. [PubMed: 15554929]  [MGI Ref ID J:94172]

Zingarelli B; Hake PW; O'Connor M; Denenberg A; Wong HR; Kong S; Aronow BJ. 2004. Differential regulation of activator protein-1 and heat shock factor-1 in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury: role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 286(4):H1408-15. [PubMed: 14670820]  [MGI Ref ID J:95604]

Zingarelli B; Szabo C; Salzman AL. 1999. Blockade of Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibits neutrophil recruitment, oxidant generation, and mucosal injury in murine colitis. Gastroenterology 116(2):335-45. [PubMed: 9922314]  [MGI Ref ID J:94497]

Zong WX; Ditsworth D; Bauer DE; Wang ZQ; Thompson CB. 2004. Alkylating DNA damage stimulates a regulated form of necrotic cell death. Genes Dev 18(11):1272-82. [PubMed: 15145826]  [MGI Ref ID J:118568]

d'Adda di Fagagna F; Hande MP; Tong WM; Lansdorp PM; Wang ZQ; Jackson SP. 1999. Functions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in controlling telomere length and chromosomal stability. Nat Genet 23(1):76-80. [PubMed: 10471503]  [MGI Ref ID J:110912]

Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Room Number           AX12

Colony Maintenance

Mating System	Homozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male)
Diet Information	LabDiet® 5K52/5K67

Purchasing information

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions

Pricing

Supply Details

Standard Supply

Repository-Live. A collection of over 1000 strains maintained as live colonies. Individual colonies are sized to meet current customer demand. Delivery for orders of 10 mice or less ranges on average from one to eight weeks; mice are generally shipped between four to six weeks of age with a maximum shipping age of ~nine weeks. Colony sizes do not generally support stringent age specifications for large volumes of mice; however custom orders and larger quantities of mice are easily arranged. Estimated ship dates for all orders provided within 48 hours of order placement.

Supply Notes

Usually shipped between four and eight weeks of age. This strain is included in the Induced Mutant Resource Colony collection. Genomic DNA is available for this strain from the Mouse DNA Resource.

Control Information

	Control
	002448 129S1/SvImJ
Considerations for Choosing Controls
USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.

General Terms and Conditions

See Terms of Use

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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Tel: 800.422.6423 or 207.288.5845
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Terms of Use

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For Licensing and Use Restrictions view the link(s) below:
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phone:	207-288-6470
fax:	207-288-6655

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