Strain Name:

B6.Cg-Tg(GFAP-APOE*2)14Hol Apoetm1Unc/J

Stock Number:

004632

Availability:

Repository-Cryopreserved

Use Restrictions Apply, see Terms of Use

Description

Strain Information

Type Congenic; Mutant Strain; Targeted Mutation; Transgenic;
Additional information on Genetically Engineered Mutant Mice.
Specieslaboratory mouse
 
Donating Investigator David Holtzman,   Washington University

Description
These transgenic mice express the human apolipoprotein E2 isoform (APOE2) under the direction of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter and do not express endogenous mouse apolipoprotein E (APOE). The transgenic isoform expression pattern follows the endogenous mouse APOE and GFAP expression patterns in the brain. Human APOE2 is immunodetectable in glia and neuropil in developing and adult mutant mice. Cultured astrocytes from transgenic mice secrete APOE2 in lipoproteins that are similar in size to high-density (HDL) plasma lipoproteins. Detergent-soluble APOE2 protein levels in hemizygous mice forebrain tissue and in adult human cortex tissue are similar. Mice that are hemizygous or homozygous for the transgenic insert and homozygous for the targeted allele are viable, normal in size and do not display any gross physical or behavioral abnormalities. This mutant mouse strain represents a model that may be useful in studies examining the function of APOE2 in the central nervous system and how APOE2 may contribute to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.

Development
A transgenic construct containing sequence encoding human apolipoprotein E2 isoform under the control of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter was introduced into B6;CBA donor eggs.

Control Information

  Control
   000664 C57BL/6J (approximate)
 
  Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

View Strains carrying   Apoetm1Unc     (11 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of APOE
004631   B6.Cg-Tg(GFAP-APOE*4)1Hol Apoetm1Unc/J
008408   B6;D2-Tg(APOE-NPC1L1)20Lqyu/J
007744   C57BL/6-Tg(APOE-DGAT2)24Far/J
003285   C57BL/6-Tg(LIPC)6784His/J
View Strains carrying other alleles of APOE     (4 strains)

View Strains carrying other alleles of GFAP     (8 strains)

Additional Web Information

Congenic Nomenclature
Visit the Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model Resource site for helpful information on Alzheimer's Disease and research resources.

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Research Applications

Research Applications
This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Apoetm1Unc related

Cardiovascular Research
Atherosclerosis
Hypercholesterolemia

Mouse/Human Gene Homologs
Alzheimer's
hyperlipoproteinemia, type III

Tg(GFAP-APOE*2)14Hol related

Neurobiology Research
Alzheimer's Disease (APOE mutants)

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol Apoetm1Unc
Allele Name targeted mutation 1, University of North Carolina
Allele Type Targeted (knock-out)
Common Name(s) APOE KO; AopE(-); ApoE-KO; Apoetm1Un; apoE-; apoE0; epsilon-;
Mutation Made By Nobuyo Maeda,   Univ of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Strain of Origin129P2/OlaHsd
ES Cell Line NameE14TG2a
ES Cell Line Strain129P2/OlaHsd
Gene Symbol and Name Apoe, apolipoprotein E
Chromosome 7
Gene Common Name(s) AD2; AI255918; APOEA; LPG; MGC1571; apoprotein; expressed sequence AI255918;
General Note

In Apoetm1Unc mutant mice also carrying Csf1op, atherotic lesions of the proximal aorta were abolished or significantly reduced in size relative to Apoe mutants homozygous for the normal allele at Csf1 (J:40136). The results may have been due to reduced macrophages or M-CSF, but were not due to reductions in circulating lipoprotein (J:40136).

Molecular Note Insertion of a neomycin resistance cassette deleted part of exon 3 and part of intron 3 of the Apoe gene. Plasma from homozygous mutant mice gave no detectable immunoprecipitate by the Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion test using a rabbit antibody to rat APOE. [MGI Ref ID J:1050]
 
Allele Symbol Tg(GFAP-APOE*2)14Hol
Allele Name transgene insertion 14, David M Holtzman
Allele Type Transgenic (random, expressed)
Common Name(s) GFAP-apoE2 line14; Tg(GFAP-APOE2)14Hol;
Mutation Made By David Holtzman,   Washington University
Strain of OriginC57BL/6 and CBA
Expressed Gene APOE, apolipoprotein E, human
Promoter GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein, human
General Note Transgenic mice do not express endogenous mouse apolipoprotein E (APOE). The expression pattern of the transgenic human apolipoprotein E2 isoform (APOE2) follows the endogenous mouse APOE and GFAP expression patterns in the brain. Human APOE2 is immunodetectable in glia and neuropil in developing and adult mutant mice. Cultured astrocytes from transgenic mice secrete APOE2 in lipoproteins that are similar in size to high density plasma lipoproteins (HDL). Detergent-soluble APOE2 protein levels in forebrain tissue from hemizygous mice and in adult human cortex tissue are similar.

Mice that are hemizygous or homozygous for the transgenic insert and homozygous for Apoetm1Unc are viable, normal in size, and do not display any gross physical or behavioral abnormalities.

Molecular Note The transgene contains sequence encoding human apolipoprotein E2 isoform under the control of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. [MGI Ref ID J:93487]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Apoetm1Unc, HRM, vers. 2
Apoetm1Unc, STD PCR, vers. 1
Tg(GFAP-APOE), QPCR, vers. 2
Tg(GFAP-APOE), STD PCR, vers. 1

Helpful Links

Optimizing PCR Protocols

References

References

Selected Reference(s)

Sun Y; Wu S; Bu G; Onifade MK; Patel SN; LaDu MJ; Fagan AM; Holtzman DM. 1998. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-apolipoprotein E (apoE) transgenic mice: astrocyte-specific expression and differing biological effects of astrocyte-secreted apoE3 and apoE4 lipoproteins. J Neurosci 18(9):3261-72. [PubMed: 9547235]  [MGI Ref ID J:93487]

Additional References

Holtzman DM; Bales KR; Tenkova T; Fagan AM; Parsadanian M; Sartorius LJ; Mackey B; Olney J; McKeel D; Wozniak D; Paul SM. 2000. Apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent amyloid deposition and neuritic degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(6):2892-7. [PubMed: 10694577]  [MGI Ref ID J:61176]

Apoetm1Unc related

't Hoen PA; Van der Lans CA; Van Eck M; Bijsterbosch MK; Van Berkel TJ; Twisk J. 2003. Aorta of ApoE-deficient mice responds to atherogenic stimuli by a prelesional increase and subsequent decrease in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Circ Res 93(3):262-9. [PubMed: 12829615]  [MGI Ref ID J:115676]

Accad M; Smith SJ; Newland DL; Sanan DA; King LE Jr; Linton MF; Fazio S; Farese RV Jr. 2000. Massive xanthomatosis and altered composition of atherosclerotic lesions in hyperlipidemic mice lacking acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 [see comments] J Clin Invest 105(6):711-9. [PubMed: 10727439]  [MGI Ref ID J:61147]

Agrawal S; Febbraio M; Podrez E; Cathcart MK; Stark GR; Chisolm GM. 2007. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 is required for optimal foam cell formation and atherosclerotic lesion development. Circulation 115(23):2939-47. [PubMed: 17533179]  [MGI Ref ID J:137115]

Aihara K; Azuma H; Akaike M; Ikeda Y; Sata M; Takamori N; Yagi S; Iwase T; Sumitomo Y; Kawano H; Yamada T; Fukuda T; Matsumoto T; Sekine K; Sato T; Nakamichi Y; Yamamoto Y; Yoshimura K; Watanabe T; Nakamura T; Oomizu A; Tsukada M; Hayashi H; Sudo T; KatoS; Matsumoto T. 2007. Strain-dependent embryonic lethality and exaggerated vascular remodeling in heparin cofactor II-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 117(6):1514-26. [PubMed: 17549254]  [MGI Ref ID J:122173]

Aikawa E; Nahrendorf M; Sosnovik D; Lok VM; Jaffer FA; Aikawa M; Weissleder R. 2007. Multimodality molecular imaging identifies proteolytic and osteogenic activities in early aortic valve disease. Circulation 115(3):377-86. [PubMed: 17224478]  [MGI Ref ID J:130156]

Alexander MR; Knowles JW; Nishikimi T; Maeda N. 2003. Increased atherosclerosis and smooth muscle cell hypertrophy in natriuretic peptide receptor A-/-apolipoprotein E-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23(6):1077-82. [PubMed: 12702516]  [MGI Ref ID J:103054]

Ali K; Middleton M; Pure E; Rader DJ. 2005. Apolipoprotein E suppresses the type I inflammatory response in vivo. Circ Res 97(9):922-7. [PubMed: 16179587]  [MGI Ref ID J:114634]

Alp NJ; McAteer MA; Khoo J; Choudhury RP; Channon KM. 2004. Increased endothelial tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis by targeted transgenic GTP-cyclohydrolase I overexpression reduces endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in ApoE-knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24(3):445-50. [PubMed: 14707037]  [MGI Ref ID J:102062]

Amigo L; Quinones V; Mardones P; Zanlungo S; Miquel JF; Nervi F; Rigotti A. 2000. Impaired biliary cholesterol secretion and decreased gallstone formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Gastroenterology 118(4):772-9. [PubMed: 10734029]  [MGI Ref ID J:107676]

Anderson DR; Tsutsui JM; Xie F; Radio SJ; Porter TR. 2007. The role of complement in the adherence of microbubbles to dysfunctional arterial endothelium and atherosclerotic plaque. Cardiovasc Res 73(3):597-606. [PubMed: 17196951]  [MGI Ref ID J:119533]

Anderson R; Barnes JC; Bliss TV; Cain DP; Cambon K; Davies HA; Errington ML; Fellows LA; Gray RA; Hoh T; Stewart M; Large CH; Higgins GA. 1998. Behavioural, physiological and morphological analysis of a line of apolipoprotein E knockout mouse. Neuroscience 85(1):93-110. [PubMed: 9607706]  [MGI Ref ID J:118390]

Anderson R; Higgins GA. 1997. Absence of central cholinergic deficits in ApoE knockout mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 132(2):135-44. [PubMed: 9266610]  [MGI Ref ID J:127860]

Ando Y; Shimizugawa T; Takeshita S; Ono M; Shimamura M; Koishi R; Furukawa H. 2003. A decreased expression of angiopoietin-like 3 is protective against atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 44(6):1216-23. [PubMed: 12671033]  [MGI Ref ID J:84022]

Angeli V; Llodra J; Rong JX; Satoh K; Ishii S; Shimizu T; Fisher EA; Randolph GJ. 2004. Dyslipidemia associated with atherosclerotic disease systemically alters dendritic cell mobilization. Immunity 21(4):561-74. [PubMed: 15485633]  [MGI Ref ID J:93917]

Aprahamian T; Bonegio R; Rizzo J; Perlman H; Lefer DJ; Rifkin IR; Walsh K. 2006. Simvastatin treatment ameliorates autoimmune disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in a murine lupus model. J Immunol 177(5):3028-34. [PubMed: 16920939]  [MGI Ref ID J:139547]

Aprahamian T; Rifkin I; Bonegio R; Hugel B; Freyssinet JM; Sato K; Castellot JJ Jr; Walsh K. 2004. Impaired Clearance of Apoptotic Cells Promotes Synergy between Atherogenesis and Autoimmune Disease. J Exp Med 199(8):1121-31. [PubMed: 15096538]  [MGI Ref ID J:91058]

Atkinson RD; Coenen KR; Plummer MR; Gruen ML; Hasty AH. 2008. Macrophage-derived apolipoprotein E ameliorates dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis in obese apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294(2):E284-90. [PubMed: 18029445]  [MGI Ref ID J:133332]

Auger A; Truong TQ; Rhainds D; Lapointe J; Letarte F; Brissette L. 2001. Low and high density lipoprotein metabolism in primary cultures of hepatic cells from normal and apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Eur J Biochem 268(8):2322-30. [PubMed: 11298750]  [MGI Ref ID J:115588]

Babaev VR; Ding L; Reese J; Morrow JD; Breyer MD; Dey SK; Fazio S; Linton MF. 2006. Cyclooxygenase-1 deficiency in bone marrow cells increases early atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E- and low-density lipoprotein receptor-null mice. Circulation 113(1):108-17. [PubMed: 16380543]  [MGI Ref ID J:121507]

Baldan A; Pei L; Lee R; Tarr P; Tangirala RK; Weinstein MM; Frank J; Li AC; Tontonoz P; Edwards PA. 2006. Impaired development of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic Ldlr-/- and ApoE-/- mice transplanted with Abcg1-/- bone marrow. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26(10):2301-7. [PubMed: 16888235]  [MGI Ref ID J:128048]

Bales KR; Verina T; Cummins DJ; Du Y; Dodel RC; Saura J; Fishman CE; DeLong CA; Piccardo P; Petegnief V; Ghetti B; Paul SM. 1999. Apolipoprotein E is essential for amyloid deposition in the APP(V717F) transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(26):15233-8. [PubMed: 10611368]  [MGI Ref ID J:59078]

Bales KR; Verina T; Dodel RC; Du Y; Altstiel L; Bender M; Hyslop P; Johnstone EM; Little SP; Cummins DJ; Piccardo P; Ghetti B; Paul SM. 1997. Lack of apolipoprotein E dramatically reduces amyloid beta-peptide deposition [letter] [see comments] Nat Genet 17(3):263-4. [PubMed: 9354781]  [MGI Ref ID J:43845]

Barile GR; Pachydaki SI; Tari SR; Lee SE; Donmoyer CM; Ma W; Rong LL; Buciarelli LG; Wendt T; Horig H; Hudson BI; Qu W; Weinberg AD; Yan SF; Schmidt AM. 2005. The RAGE axis in early diabetic retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46(8):2916-24. [PubMed: 16043866]  [MGI Ref ID J:103714]

Barlic J; Murphy PM. 2007. Chemokine regulation of atherosclerosis. J Leukoc Biol 82(2):226-36. [PubMed: 17329566]  [MGI Ref ID J:123530]

Barry-Lane PA; Patterson C; van der Merwe M; Hu Z; Holland SM; Yeh ET; Runge MS. 2001. p47phox is required for atherosclerotic lesion progression in ApoE(-/-) mice. J Clin Invest 108(10):1513-22. [PubMed: 11714743]  [MGI Ref ID J:111638]

Barton M; Haudenschild CC; d'Uscio LV; Shaw S; Munter K; Luscher TF. 1998. Endothelin ETA receptor blockade restores NO-mediated endothelial function and inhibits atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95(24):14367-72. [PubMed: 9826706]  [MGI Ref ID J:51282]

Bates KA; Fonte J; Robertson TA; Martins RN; Harvey AR. 2002. Chronic gliosis triggers Alzheimer's disease-like processing of amyloid precursor protein. Neuroscience 113(4):785-96. [PubMed: 12182886]  [MGI Ref ID J:120711]

Baumgartl J; Baudler S; Scherner M; Babaev V; Makowski L; Suttles J; McDuffie M; Tobe K; Kadowaki T; Fazio S; Kahn CR; Hotamisligil GS; Krone W; Linton M; Bruning JC. 2006. Myeloid lineage cell-restricted insulin resistance protects apolipoproteinE-deficient mice against atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 3(4):247-56. [PubMed: 16581002]  [MGI Ref ID J:129654]

Bechtholt AJ; Smith R; Raber J; Cunningham CL. 2004. Enhanced ethanol-, but not cocaine-induced, conditioned place preference in Apoe(-/-) mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 77(4):783-92. [PubMed: 15099924]  [MGI Ref ID J:102259]

Beckers L; Heeneman S; Wang L; Burkly L; Rousch M; Davidson N; Gijbels M; de Winther M; Daemen M; Lutgens E. 2007. Disruption of hedgehog signalling in ApoE - /- mice reduces plasma lipid levels, but increases atherosclerosis due to enhanced lipid uptake by macrophages. J Pathol 212(4):420-8. [PubMed: 17573667]  [MGI Ref ID J:122864]

Bengtsson E; To F; Hakansson K; Grubb A; Branen L; Nilsson J; Jovinge S. 2005. Lack of the cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin C promotes atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25(10):2151-6. [PubMed: 16051881]  [MGI Ref ID J:114346]

Bennett BJ; Scatena M; Kirk EA; Rattazzi M; Varon RM; Averill M; Schwartz SM; Giachelli CM; Rosenfeld ME. 2006. Osteoprotegerin inactivation accelerates advanced atherosclerotic lesion progression and calcification in older ApoE-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26(9):2117-24. [PubMed: 16840715]  [MGI Ref ID J:128053]

Berbee JF; van der Hoogt CC; Sundararaman D; Havekes LM; Rensen PC. 2005. Severe hypertriglyceridemia in human APOC1 transgenic mice is caused by apoC-I-induced inhibition of LPL. J Lipid Res 46(2):297-306. [PubMed: 15576844]  [MGI Ref ID J:96691]

Bernhagen J; Krohn R; Lue H; Gregory JL; Zernecke A; Koenen RR; Dewor M; Georgiev I; Schober A; Leng L; Kooistra T; Fingerle-Rowson G; Ghezzi P; Kleemann R; McColl SR; Bucala R; Hickey MJ; Weber C. 2007. MIF is a noncognate ligand of CXC chemokine receptors in inflammatory and atherogenic cell recruitment. Nat Med 13(5):587-596. [PubMed: 17435771]  [MGI Ref ID J:121807]

Bhattacharjee PS; Neumann DM; Stark D; Thompson HW; Hill JM. 2006. Apolipoprotein E modulates establishment of HSV-1 latency and survival in a mouse ocular model. Curr Eye Res 31(9):703-8. [PubMed: 16966142]  [MGI Ref ID J:119878]

Biswas SK; Newby DE; Rahman I; Megson IL. 2005. Depressed glutathione synthesis precedes oxidative stress and atherogenesis in Apo-E(-/-) mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 338(3):1368-73. [PubMed: 16263083]  [MGI Ref ID J:103465]

Bjorkbacka H; Kunjathoor VV; Moore KJ; Koehn S; Ordija CM; Lee MA; Means T; Halmen K; Luster AD; Golenbock DT; Freeman MW. 2004. Reduced atherosclerosis in MyD88-null mice links elevated serum cholesterol levels to activation of innate immunity signaling pathways. Nat Med 10(4):416-21. [PubMed: 15034566]  [MGI Ref ID J:90091]

Blasiole DA; Oler AT; Attie AD. 2008. Regulation of ApoB secretion by the low density lipoprotein receptor requires exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and interaction with ApoE or ApoB. J Biol Chem 283(17):11374-81. [PubMed: 18272520]  [MGI Ref ID J:136523]

Bobkova D; Honsova E; Kovar J; Poledne R. 2004. Effect of diets on lipoprotein concentrations in heterozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Physiol Res 53(6):635-43. [PubMed: 15588132]  [MGI Ref ID J:102284]

Bobryshev YV; Babaev VR; Lord RS; Watanabe T. 1999. Ultrastructural identification of cells with dendritic cell appearance in atherosclerotic aorta of apolipoprotein E deficient mice J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 31(4):527-31. [PubMed: 10685393]  [MGI Ref ID J:60456]

Bodary PF; Shen Y; Vargas FB; Bi X; Ostenso KA; Gu S; Shayman JA; Eitzman DT. 2005. Alpha-galactosidase A deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis in mice with apolipoprotein E deficiency Circulation 111(5):629-32. [PubMed: 15668341]  [MGI Ref ID J:108541]

Boesten LS; Zadelaar AS; van Nieuwkoop A; Hu L; Jonkers J; van de Water B; Gijbels MJ; van der Made I; de Winther MP; Havekes LM; van Vlijmen BJ. 2006. Macrophage retinoblastoma deficiency leads to enhanced atherosclerosis development in ApoE-deficient mice. FASEB J 20(7):953-5. [PubMed: 16585057]  [MGI Ref ID J:111494]

Boisvert WA; Black AS; Curtiss LK. 1999. ApoA1 reduces free cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE-deficient mice transplanted with ApoE-expressing macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19(3):525-30. [PubMed: 10073953]  [MGI Ref ID J:55595]

Boord JB; Maeda K; Makowski L; Babaev VR; Fazio S; Linton MF; Hotamisligil GS. 2002. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, aP2, alters late atherosclerotic lesion formation in severe hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22(10):1686-91. [PubMed: 12377750]  [MGI Ref ID J:103224]

Boord JB; Maeda K; Makowski L; Babaev VR; Fazio S; Linton MF; Hotamisligil GS. 2004. Combined adipocyte-macrophage fatty acid-binding protein deficiency improves metabolism, atherosclerosis, and survival in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 110(11):1492-8. [PubMed: 15353487]  [MGI Ref ID J:102223]

Boring L; Gosling J; Cleary M; Charo IF. 1998. Decreased lesion formation in CCR2-/- mice reveals a role for chemokines in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Nature 394(6696):894-7. [PubMed: 9732872]  [MGI Ref ID J:111471]

Bour A; Grootendorst J; Vogel E; Kelche C; Dodart JC; Bales K; Moreau PH; Sullivan PM; Mathis C. 2008. Middle-aged human apoE4 targeted-replacement mice show retention deficits on a wide range of spatial memory tasks. Behav Brain Res 193(2):174-82. [PubMed: 18572260]  [MGI Ref ID J:139186]

Bourdillon MC; Poston RN; Covacho C; Chignier E; Bricca G; McGregor JL. 2000. ICAM-1 deficiency reduces atherosclerotic lesions in double-knockout mice (ApoE(-/-)/ICAM-1(-/-)) fed a fat or a chow diet. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20(12):2630-5. [PubMed: 11116064]  [MGI Ref ID J:103384]

Bradley MN; Hong C; Chen M; Joseph SB; Wilpitz DC; Wang X; Lusis AJ; Collins A; Hseuh WA; Collins JL; Tangirala RK; Tontonoz P. 2007. Ligand activation of LXR beta reverses atherosclerosis and cellular cholesterol overload in mice lacking LXR alpha and apoE. J Clin Invest 117(8):2337-46. [PubMed: 17657314]  [MGI Ref ID J:123957]

Branen L; Hovgaard L; Nitulescu M; Bengtsson E; Nilsson J; Jovinge S. 2004. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24(11):2137-42. [PubMed: 15345516]  [MGI Ref ID J:103699]

Braunersreuther V; Zernecke A; Arnaud C; Liehn EA; Steffens S; Shagdarsuren E; Bidzhekov K; Burger F; Pelli G; Luckow B; Mach F; Weber C. 2007. Ccr5 but not Ccr1 deficiency reduces development of diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27(2):373-9. [PubMed: 17138939]  [MGI Ref ID J:128063]

Brecht WJ; Harris FM; Chang S; Tesseur I; Yu GQ; Xu Q; Dee Fish J; Wyss-Coray T; Buttini M; Mucke L; Mahley RW; Huang Y. 2004. Neuron-specific apolipoprotein e4 proteolysis is associated with increased tau phosphorylation in brains of transgenic mice. J Neurosci 24(10):2527-34. [PubMed: 15014128]  [MGI Ref ID J:90126]

Bro S; Borup R; Andersen CB; Moeller F; Olgaard K; Nielsen LB. 2006. Uremia-specific effects in the arterial media during development of uremic atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26(3):570-5. [PubMed: 16373611]  [MGI Ref ID J:127966]

Broedl UC; Maugeais C; Millar JS; Jin W; Moore RE; Fuki IV; Marchadier D; Glick JM; Rader DJ. 2004. Endothelial lipase promotes the catabolism of ApoB-containing lipoproteins. Circ Res 94(12):1554-61. [PubMed: 15117821]  [MGI Ref ID J:100064]

Brown MD; Jin L; Jien ML; Matsumoto AH; Helm GA; Lusis AJ; Frank JS; Shi W. 2004. Lipid retention in the arterial wall of two mouse strains with different atherosclerosis susceptibility. J Lipid Res 45(6):1155-61. [PubMed: 15105414]  [MGI Ref ID J:89769]

Bruemmer D; Collins AR; Noh G; Wang W; Territo M; Arias-Magallona S; Fishbein MC; Blaschke F; Kintscher U; Graf K; Law RE; Hsueh WA. 2003. Angiotensin II-accelerated atherosclerosis and aneurysm formation is attenuated in osteopontin-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 112(9):1318-31. [PubMed: 14597759]  [MGI Ref ID J:86531]

Burgos JS; Ramirez C; Sastre I; Alfaro JM; Valdivieso F. 2005. Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection via the bloodstream with apolipoprotein E dependence in the gonads is influenced by gender. J Virol 79(3):1605-12. [PubMed: 15650186]  [MGI Ref ID J:95551]

Burleigh ME; Babaev VR; Oates JA; Harris RC; Gautam S; Riendeau D; Marnett LJ; Morrow JD; Fazio S; Linton MF. 2002. Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes early atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Circulation 105(15):1816-23. [PubMed: 11956125]  [MGI Ref ID J:103220]

Burleigh ME; Babaev VR; Yancey PG; Major AS; McCaleb JL; Oates JA; Morrow JD; Fazio S; Linton MF. 2005. Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes early atherosclerotic lesion formation in ApoE-deficient and C57BL/6 mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 39(3):443-52. [PubMed: 16040051]  [MGI Ref ID J:103979]

Burnett MS; Gaydos CA; Madico GE; Glad SM; Paigen B; Quinn TC; Epstein SE. 2001. Atherosclerosis in apoE knockout mice infected with multiple pathogens. J Infect Dis 183(2):226-231. [PubMed: 11120928]  [MGI Ref ID J:66879]

Burton CA; Patel S; Mundt S; Hassing H; Zhang D; Hermanowski-Vosatka A; Wright SD; Chao YS; Detmers PA; Sparrow CP. 2002. Deficiency in sPLA(2) does not affect HDL levels or atherosclerosis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 294(1):88-94. [PubMed: 12054745]  [MGI Ref ID J:77028]

Buttini M; Orth M; Bellosta S; Akeefe H; Pitas RE; Wyss-Coray T; Mucke L; Mahley RW. 1999. Expression of human apolipoprotein E3 or E4 in the brains of Apoe-/- mice: isoform-specific effects on neurodegeneration. J Neurosci 19(12):4867-80. [PubMed: 10366621]  [MGI Ref ID J:55835]

Buttini M; Yu GQ; Shockley K; Huang Y; Jones B; Masliah E; Mallory M; Yeo T; Longo FM; Mucke L. 2002. Modulation of Alzheimer-like synaptic and cholinergic deficits in transgenic mice by human apolipoprotein E depends on isoform, aging, and overexpression of amyloid beta peptides but not on plaque formation. J Neurosci 22(24):10539-48. [PubMed: 12486146]  [MGI Ref ID J:129689]

Buzello M; Tornig J; Faulhaber J; Ehmke H; Ritz E; Amann K. 2003. The apolipoprotein e knockout mouse: a model documenting accelerated atherogenesis in uremia. J Am Soc Nephrol 14(2):311-6. [PubMed: 12538731]  [MGI Ref ID J:103173]

Cabana VG; Feng N; Reardon CA; Lukens J; Webb NR; de Beer FC; Getz GS. 2004. Influence of apoA-I and apoE on the formation of serum amyloid A-containing lipoproteins in vivo and in vitro. J Lipid Res 45(2):317-25. [PubMed: 14595002]  [MGI Ref ID J:121045]

Cain WJ; Millar JS; Himebauch AS; Tietge UJ; Maugeais C; Usher D; Rader DJ. 2005. Lipoprotein [a] is cleared from the plasma primarily by the liver in a process mediated by apolipoprotein [a]. J Lipid Res 46(12):2681-91. [PubMed: 16150825]  [MGI Ref ID J:106146]

Cakir Y; Yang Z; Knight CA; Pompilius M; Westbrook D; Bailey SM; Pinkerton KE; Ballinger SW. 2007. Effect of alcohol and tobacco smoke on mtDNA damage and atherogenesis. Free Radic Biol Med 43(9):1279-88. [PubMed: 17893041]  [MGI Ref ID J:125300]

Caligiuri G; Groyer E; Khallou-Laschet J; Al Haj Zen A; Sainz J; Urbain D; Gaston AT; Lemitre M; Nicoletti A; Lafont A. 2005. Reduced immunoregulatory CD31+ T cells in the blood of atherosclerotic mice with plaque thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25(8):1659-64. [PubMed: 15933243]  [MGI Ref ID J:114337]

Caligiuri G; Levy B; Pernow J; Thoren P; Hansson GK. 1999. Myocardial infarction mediated by endothelin receptor signaling in hypercholesterolemic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(12):6920-4. [PubMed: 10359814]  [MGI Ref ID J:55973]

Caligiuri G; Nicoletti A; Poirier B; Hansson GK. 2002. Protective immunity against atherosclerosis carried by B cells of hypercholesterolemic mice. J Clin Invest 109(6):745-53. [PubMed: 11901183]  [MGI Ref ID J:75627]

Caligiuri G; Rudling M; Ollivier V; Jacob MP; Michel JB; Hansson GK; Nicoletti A. 2003. Interleukin-10 deficiency increases atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and low-density lipoproteins in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Mol Med 9(1-2):10-7. [PubMed: 12765335]  [MGI Ref ID J:105858]

Calleja L; Paris MA; Paul A; Vilella E; Joven J; Jimenez A; Beltran G; Uceda M; Maeda N; Osada J. 1999. Low-cholesterol and high-fat diets reduce atherosclerotic lesion development in ApoE-knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19(10):2368-75. [PubMed: 10521366]  [MGI Ref ID J:59716]

Cambon K; Davies HA; Stewart MG. 2000. Synaptic loss is accompanied by an increase in synaptic area in the dentate gyrus of aged human apolipoprotein E4 transgenic mice. Neuroscience 97(4):685-92. [PubMed: 10842013]  [MGI Ref ID J:118049]

Canault M; Peiretti F; Poggi M; Mueller C; Kopp F; Bonardo B; Bastelica D; Nicolay A; Alessi MC; Nalbone G. 2008. Progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice that express distinct molecular forms of TNF-alpha. J Pathol 214(5):574-83. [PubMed: 18247429]  [MGI Ref ID J:133510]

Cao RY; Adams MA; Habenicht AJ; Funk CD. 2007. Angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs independently of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 84(1-2):34-42. [PubMed: 17643886]  [MGI Ref ID J:129321]

Carlson GA; Borchelt DR; Dake A; Turner S; Danielson V; Coffin JD; Eckman C; Meiners J; Nilsen SP; Younkin SG; Hsiao KK. 1997. Genetic modification of the phenotypes produced by amyloid precursor protein overexpression in transgenic mice. Hum Mol Genet 6(11):1951-9. [PubMed: 9302276]  [MGI Ref ID J:43446]

Castellani LW; Nguyen CN; Charugundla S; Weinstein MM; Doan CX; Blaner WS; Wongsiriroj N; Lusis AJ. 2008. Apolipoprotein AII is a regulator of very low density lipoprotein metabolism and insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 283(17):11633-44. [PubMed: 18160395]  [MGI Ref ID J:136532]

Catanozi S; Rocha JC; Passarelli M; Guzzo ML; Alves C; Furukawa LN; Nunes VS; Nakandakare ER; Heimann JC; Quintao EC. 2003. Dietary sodium chloride restriction enhances aortic wall lipid storage and raises plasma lipid concentration in LDL receptor knockout mice. J Lipid Res 44(4):727-32. [PubMed: 12562870]  [MGI Ref ID J:120709]

Champagne D; Dupuy JB; Rochford J; Poirier J. 2002. Apolipoprotein E knockout mice display procedural deficits in the Morris water maze: analysis of learning strategies in three versions of the task. Neuroscience 114(3):641-54. [PubMed: 12220566]  [MGI Ref ID J:120203]

Chang JD; Sukhova GK; Libby P; Schvartz E; Lichtenstein AH; Field SJ; Kennedy C; Madhavarapu S; Luo J; Wu D; Cantley LC. 2007. Deletion of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110gamma gene attenuates murine atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(19):8077-82. [PubMed: 17483449]  [MGI Ref ID J:121582]

Chang S; Zhang SH; Maeda N; Borensztajn J. 1994. Hepatic clearance of chylomicron remnants in mice lacking apoprotein E. Biochim Biophys Acta 1215(1-2):205-8. [PubMed: 7948005]  [MGI Ref ID J:21599]

Chen J; Kuhlencordt PJ; Astern J; Gyurko R; Huang PL. 2001. Hypertension does not account for the accelerated atherosclerosis and development of aneurysms in male apolipoprotein e/endothelial nitric oxide synthase double knockout mice. Circulation 104(20):2391-4. [PubMed: 11705813]  [MGI Ref ID J:103382]

Chen WY; Cheng BC; Jiang MJ; Hsieh MY; Chang MS. 2006. IL-20 is expressed in atherosclerosis plaques and promotes atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26(9):2090-5. [PubMed: 16778121]  [MGI Ref ID J:127995]

Chen Y; Zhu J; Lum PY; Yang X; Pinto S; MacNeil DJ; Zhang C; Lamb J; Edwards S; Sieberts SK; Leonardson A; Castellini LW; Wang S; Champy MF; Zhang B; Emilsson V; Doss S; Ghazalpour A; Horvath S; Drake TA; Lusis AJ; Schadt EE. 2008. Variations in DNA elucidate molecular networks that cause disease. Nature 452(7186):429-35. [PubMed: 18344982]  [MGI Ref ID J:134171]

Chen Z; Fitzgerald RL; Li G; Davidson NO; Schonfeld G. 2004. Hepatic secretion of apoB-100 is impaired in hypobetalipoproteinemic mice with an apoB-38.9-specifying allele. J Lipid Res 45(1):155-63. [PubMed: 13130124]  [MGI Ref ID J:87974]

Chen Z; Fitzgerald RL; Saffitz JE; Semenkovich CF; Schonfeld G. 2003. Amino terminal 38.9% of apolipoprotein B-100 is sufficient to support cholesterol-rich lipoprotein production and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23(4):668-74. [PubMed: 12615667]  [MGI Ref ID J:103058]

Cheng C; Tempel D; van Haperen R; de Boer HC; Segers D; Huisman M; van Zonneveld AJ; Leenen PJ; van der Steen A; Serruys PW; de Crom R; Krams R. 2007. Shear stress-induced changes in atherosclerotic plaque composition are modulated by chemokines. J Clin Invest 117(3):616-26. [PubMed: 17304353]  [MGI Ref ID J:120778]

Chereshnev I; Trogan E; Omerhodzic S; Itskovich V; Aguinaldo JG; Fayad ZA; Fisher EA; Reis ED. 2003. Mouse model of heterotopic aortic arch transplantation. J Surg Res 111(2):171-6. [PubMed: 12850459]  [MGI Ref ID J:118962]

Choi J; Forster MJ; McDonald SR; Weintraub ST; Carroll CA; Gracy RW. 2004. Proteomic identification of specific oxidized proteins in ApoE-knockout mice: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 36(9):1155-62. [PubMed: 15082069]  [MGI Ref ID J:91069]

Choy K; Beck K; Png FY; Wu BJ; Leichtweis SB; Thomas SR; Hou JY; Croft KD; Mori TA; Stocker R. 2005. Processes involved in the site-specific effect of probucol on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E gene knockout mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25(8):1684-90. [PubMed: 15961704]  [MGI Ref ID J:114329]

Christman MA nd; Goetz DJ; Dickerson E; McCall KD; Lewis CJ; Benencia F; Silver MJ; Kohn LD; Malgor R. 2008. Wnt5a is expressed in murine and human atherosclerotic lesions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 294(6):H2864-70. [PubMed: 18456733]  [MGI Ref ID J:136708]

Chu A; Ordonez ET; Hellerstein MK. 2006. Measurement of mouse vascular smooth muscle and atheroma cell proliferation by 2H2O incorporation into DNA. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291(5):C1014-21. [PubMed: 16774990]  [MGI Ref ID J:119869]

Chuah MI; Getchell ML. 1999. Metallothionein in olfactory mucosa of Alzheimer's disease patients and apoE-deficient mice. Neuroreport 10(9):1919-24. [PubMed: 10501533]  [MGI Ref ID J:59464]

Claudel T; Leibowitz MD; Fievet C; Tailleux A; Wagner B; Repa JJ; Torpier G; Lobaccaro JM; Paterniti JR; Mangelsdorf DJ; Heyman RA; Auwerx J. 2001. Reduction of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice by activation of the retinoid X receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(5):2610-5. [PubMed: 11226287]  [MGI Ref ID J:67869]

Clee SM; Bissada N; Miao F; Miao L; Marais AD; Henderson HE; Steures P; McManus J; McManus B; LeBoeuf RC; Kastelein JJ; Hayden MR. 2000. Plasma and vessel wall lipoprotein lipase have different roles in atherosclerosis J Lipid Res 41(4):521-31. [PubMed: 10744772]  [MGI Ref ID J:61561]

Collins RG; Velji R; Guevara NV; Hicks MJ; Chan L; Beaudet AL. 2000. P-Selectin or intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 deficiency substantially protects against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Exp Med 191(1):189-94. [PubMed: 10620617]  [MGI Ref ID J:59249]

Combadiere C; Potteaux S; Gao JL; Esposito B; Casanova S; Lee EJ; Debre P; Tedgui A; Murphy PM; Mallat Z. 2003. Decreased atherosclerotic lesion formation in CX3CR1/apolipoprotein E double knockout mice. Circulation 107(7):1009-16. [PubMed: 12600915]  [MGI Ref ID J:103047]

Conde-Knape K; Bensadoun A; Sobel JH; Cohn JS; Shachter NS. 2002. Overexpression of apoC-I in apoE-null mice: severe hypertriglyceridemia due to inhibition of hepatic lipase. J Lipid Res 43(12):2136-45. [PubMed: 12454276]  [MGI Ref ID J:80689]

Corey LM; Baker C; Luchtel DL. 2006. Heart-rate variability in the apolipoprotein E knockout transgenic mouse following exposure to Seattle particulate matter. J Toxicol Environ Health A 69(10):953-65. [PubMed: 16728373]  [MGI Ref ID J:136496]

Cozen AE; Moriwaki H; Kremen M; DeYoung MB; Dichek HL; Slezicki KI; Young SG; Veniant M; Dichek DA. 2004. Macrophage-targeted overexpression of urokinase causes accelerated atherosclerosis, coronary artery occlusions, and premature death. Circulation 109(17):2129-35. [PubMed: 15096455]  [MGI Ref ID J:102208]

Crauwels HM; Van Hove CE; Holvoet P; Herman AG; Bult H. 2003. Plaque-associated endothelial dysfunction in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice on a regular diet. Effect of human apolipoprotein AI. Cardiovasc Res 59(1):189-99. [PubMed: 12829190]  [MGI Ref ID J:132535]

Crisby M; Rahman SM; Sylven C; Winblad B; Schultzberg M. 2004. Effects of high cholesterol diet on gliosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Implications for Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Neurosci Lett 369(2):87-92. [PubMed: 15450674]  [MGI Ref ID J:107524]

Cuff CA; Kothapalli D; Azonobi I; Chun S; Zhang Y; Belkin R; Yeh C; Secreto A; Assoian RK; Rader DJ; Pure E. 2001. The adhesion receptor CD44 promotes atherosclerosis by mediating inflammatory cell recruitment and vascular cell activation. J Clin Invest 108(7):1031-40. [PubMed: 11581304]  [MGI Ref ID J:72315]

Curfs DM; Lutgens E; Gijbels MJ; Kockx MM; Daemen MJ; van Schooten FJ. 2004. Chronic exposure to the carcinogenic compound benzo[a]pyrene induces larger and phenotypically different atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-knockout mice. Am J Pathol 164(1):101-8. [PubMed: 14695324]  [MGI Ref ID J:88500]

Cyrus T; Pratico D; Zhao L; Witztum JL; Rader DJ; Rokach J; FitzGerald GA; Funk CD. 2001. Absence of 12/15-lipoxygenase expression decreases lipid peroxidation and atherogenesis in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. Circulation 103(18):2277-82. [PubMed: 11342477]  [MGI Ref ID J:103392]

Cyrus T; Witztum JL; Rader DJ; Tangirala R; Fazio S; Linton MF; Funk CD. 1999. Disruption of the 12/15-lipoxygenase gene diminishes atherosclerosis in apo E-deficient mice [see comments] J Clin Invest 103(11):1597-604. [PubMed: 10359569]  [MGI Ref ID J:55714]

Czapiga M; Colton CA. 2003. Microglial function in human APOE3 and APOE4 transgenic mice: altered arginine transport. J Neuroimmunol 134(1-2):44-51. [PubMed: 12507771]  [MGI Ref ID J:105895]

Dai J; Li W; Chang L; Zhang Z; Tang C; Wang N; Zhu Y; Wang X. 2006. Role of redox factor-1 in hyperhomocysteinemia-accelerated atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 41(10):1566-77. [PubMed: 17045925]  [MGI Ref ID J:114515]

Dansky HM; Charlton SA; Barlow CB; Tamminen M; Smith JD; Frank JS; Breslow JL. 1999. Apo A-I inhibits foam cell formation in Apo E-deficient mice after monocyte adherence to endothelium. J Clin Invest 104(1):31-9. [PubMed: 10393696]  [MGI Ref ID J:115306]

Dansky HM; Charlton SA; Sikes JL; Heath SC; Simantov R; Levin LF; Shu P; Moore KJ; Breslow JL; Smith JD. 1999. Genetic background determines the extent of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19(8):1960-8. [PubMed: 10446078]  [MGI Ref ID J:57355]

Daugherty A; Manning MW; Cassis LA. 2000. Angiotensin II promotes atherosclerotic lesions and aneurysms in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 105(11):1605-12. [PubMed: 10841519]  [MGI Ref ID J:112053]

Daugherty A; Pure E; Delfel-Butteiger D; Chen S; Leferovich J ; Roselaar SE ; Rader DJ. 1997. The effects of total lymphocyte deficiency on the extent of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-/- mice. J Clin Invest 100(6):1575-80. [PubMed: 9294126]  [MGI Ref ID J:43047]

Davenport P; Tipping PG. 2003. The role of interleukin-4 and interleukin-12 in the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am J Pathol 163(3):1117-25. [PubMed: 12937153]  [MGI Ref ID J:85172]

Davis HR Jr; Hoos LM; Tetzloff G; Maguire M; Zhu LJ; Graziano MP; Altmann SW. 2007. Deficiency of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 prevents atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27(4):841-9. [PubMed: 17218600]  [MGI Ref ID J:135062]

Dawson TC; Kuziel WA; Osahar TA; Maeda N. 1999. Absence of CC chemokine receptor-2 reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 143(1):205-11. [PubMed: 10208497]  [MGI Ref ID J:84393]

De Sarno P; Jope RS. 1998. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis activated by muscarinic or glutamatergic, but not adrenergic, receptors is impaired in ApoE-deficient mice and by hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. Exp Neurol 152(1):123-8. [PubMed: 9682019]  [MGI Ref ID J:106374]

DeMattos RB; Cirrito JR; Parsadanian M; May PC; O'Dell MA; Taylor JW; Harmony JA; Aronow BJ; Bales KR; Paul SM; Holtzman DM. 2004. ApoE and clusterin cooperatively suppress Abeta levels and deposition: evidence that ApoE regulates extracellular Abeta metabolism in vivo. Neuron 41(2):193-202. [PubMed: 14741101]  [MGI Ref ID J:107702]

Deeb RS; Shen H; Gamss C; Gavrilova T; Summers BD; Kraemer R; Hao G; Gross SS; Laine M; Maeda N; Hajjar DP; Upmacis RK. 2006. Inducible nitric oxide synthase mediates prostaglandin h2 synthase nitration and suppresses eicosanoid production. Am J Pathol 168(1):349-62. [PubMed: 16400036]  [MGI Ref ID J:104432]

Deguchi JO; Aikawa E; Libby P; Vachon JR; Inada M; Krane SM; Whittaker P; Aikawa M. 2005. Matrix metalloproteinase-13/collagenase-3 deletion promotes collagen accumulation and organization in mouse atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation 112(17):2708-15. [PubMed: 16230484]  [MGI Ref ID J:116828]

Deguchi JO; Aikawa M; Tung CH; Aikawa E; Kim DE; Ntziachristos V; Weissleder R; Libby P. 2006. Inflammation in atherosclerosis: visualizing matrix metalloproteinase action in macrophages in vivo. Circulation 114(1):55-62. [PubMed: 16801460]  [MGI Ref ID J:122883]

Dekker RJ; van Thienen JV; Rohlena J; de Jager SC; Elderkamp YW; Seppen J; de Vries CJ; Biessen EA; van Berkel TJ; Pannekoek H; Horrevoets AJ. 2005. Endothelial KLF2 Links Local Arterial Shear Stress Levels to the Expression of Vascular Tone-Regulating Genes. Am J Pathol 167(2):609-18. [PubMed: 16049344]  [MGI Ref ID J:99941]

Desurmont C; Caillaud JM; Emmanuel F; Benoit P; Fruchart JC; Castro G; Branellec D; Heard JM; Duverger N. 2000. Complete atherosclerosis regression after human ApoE gene transfer in ApoE-Deficient/Nude mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20(2):435-42. [PubMed: 10669641]  [MGI Ref ID J:60479]

Detmers PA; Hernandez M; Mudgett J; Hassing H; Burton C; Mundt S; Chun S; Fletcher D; Card DJ; Lisnock J; Weikel R; Bergstrom JD; Shevell DE; Hermanowski-Vosatka A; Sparrow CP; Chao YS; Rader DJ; Wright SD; Pure E. 2000. Deficiency in inducible nitric oxide synthase results in reduced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice J Immunol 165(6):3430-5. [PubMed: 10975863]  [MGI Ref ID J:64566]

Dever GJ; Benson R; Wainwright CL; Kennedy S; Spickett CM. 2008. Phospholipid chlorohydrin induces leukocyte adhesion to ApoE(-/-) mouse arteries via upregulation of P-selectin. Free Radic Biol Med 44(3):452-63. [PubMed: 18005671]  [MGI Ref ID J:130122]

Diez-Juan A; Andres V. 2001. The growth suppressor p27(Kip1) protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis. FASEB J 15(11):1989-95. [PubMed: 11532979]  [MGI Ref ID J:120150]

Dimayuga PC; Zhao X; Yano J; Chyu KY. 2006. Changes in immune responses to oxidized LDL epitopes during aging in hypercholesterolemic apoE(-/-) mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291(6):R1644-50. [PubMed: 16825416]  [MGI Ref ID J:115800]

Dithmar S; Curcio CA; Le NA; Brown S; Grossniklaus HE. 2000. Ultrastructural changes in Bruch's membrane of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41(8):2035-42. [PubMed: 10892840]  [MGI Ref ID J:63155]

Ditiatkovski M; Toh BH; Bobik A. 2006. GM-CSF deficiency reduces macrophage PPAR-gamma expression and aggravates atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26(10):2337-44. [PubMed: 16873730]  [MGI Ref ID J:128049]

Do GM; Kwon EY; Kim HJ; Jeon SM; Ha TY; Park T; Choi MS. 2008. Long-term effects of resveratrol supplementation on suppression of atherogenic lesion formation and cholesterol synthesis in apo E-deficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 374(1):55-9. [PubMed: 18611391]  [MGI Ref ID J:139370]

Dodart JC; Bales KR; Johnstone EM; Little SP; Paul SM. 2002. Apolipoprotein E alters the processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein in APP(V717F) transgenic mice. Brain Res 955(1-2):191-9. [PubMed: 12419536]  [MGI Ref ID J:80485]

Dodart JC; Mathis C; Bales KR; Paul SM; Ungerer A. 2000. Behavioral deficits in APP(V717F) transgenic mice deficient for the apolipoprotein E gene Neuroreport 11(3):603-7. [PubMed: 10718322]  [MGI Ref ID J:61265]

Dolev I; Michaelson DM. 2004. A nontransgenic mouse model shows inducible amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide deposition and elucidates the role of apolipoprotein E in the amyloid cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(38):13909-14. [PubMed: 15365176]  [MGI Ref ID J:92619]

Doorenbos C; Tsaih SW; Sheehan S; Ishimori N; Navis G; Churchill G; Dipetrillo K; Korstanje R. 2008. Quantitative Trait Loci for Urinary Albumin in Crosses Between C57BL/6J and A/J Inbred Mice in the Presence and Absence of Apoe. Genetics 179(1):693-9. [PubMed: 18493081]  [MGI Ref ID J:135073]

Drosatos K; Sanoudou D; Kypreos KE; Kardassis D; Zannis VI. 2007. A dominant negative form of the transcription factor c-Jun affects genes that have opposing effects on lipid homeostasis in mice. J Biol Chem 282(27):19556-64. [PubMed: 17456467]  [MGI Ref ID J:123576]

Dworschak M; d'Uscio LV; Breukelmann D; Hannon JD. 2005. Increased tolerance to hypoxic metabolic inhibition and reoxygenation of cardiomyocytes from apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 289(1):H160-7. [PubMed: 15734885]  [MGI Ref ID J:99888]

Eitzman DT; Westrick RJ; Shen Y; Bodary PF; Gu S; Manning SL; Dobies SL; Ginsburg D. 2005. Homozygosity for factor V Leiden leads to enhanced thrombosis and atherosclerosis in mice. Circulation 111(14):1822-5. [PubMed: 15809370]  [MGI Ref ID J:109686]

Eitzman DT; Westrick RJ; Xu Z; Tyson J; Ginsburg D. 2000. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 deficiency protects against atherosclerosis progression in the mouse carotid artery. Blood 96(13):4212-5. [PubMed: 11110693]  [MGI Ref ID J:106740]

Elhage R; Arnal JF; Pieraggi MT; Duverger N; Fievet C; Faye JC; Bayard F. 1997. 17 beta-estradiol prevents fatty streak formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17(11):2679-84. [PubMed: 9409242]  [MGI Ref ID J:81001]

Elhage R; Clamens S; Reardon-Alulis C; Getz GS; Fievet C; Maret A; Arnal JF; Bayard F. 2000. Loss of atheroprotective effect of estradiol in immunodeficient mice. Endocrinology 141(1):462-5. [PubMed: 10614672]  [MGI Ref ID J:59156]

Elhage R; Gourdy P; Brouchet L; Jawien J; Fouque MJ; Fievet C; Huc X; Barreira Y; Couloumiers JC; Arnal JF; Bayard F. 2004. Deleting TCR alpha beta+ or CD4+ T lymphocytes leads to opposite effects on site-specific atherosclerosis in female apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am J Pathol 165(6):2013-8. [PubMed: 15579444]  [MGI Ref ID J:94976]

Elhage R; Gourdy P; Jawien J; Brouchet L; Castano C; Fievet C; Hansson GK; Arnal JF; Bayard F. 2005. The Atheroprotective Effect of 17{beta}-Estradiol Depends on Complex Interactions in Adaptive Immunity. Am J Pathol 167(1):267-74. [PubMed: 15972970]  [MGI Ref ID J:99377]

Elhage R; Jawien J; Rudling M; Ljunggren HG; Takeda K; Akira S; Bayard F; Hansson GK. 2003. Reduced atherosclerosis in interleukin-18 deficient apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Cardiovasc Res 59(1):234-40. [PubMed: 12829194]  [MGI Ref ID J:102800]

Engel D; Dobrindt U; Tittel A; Peters P; Maurer J; Gutgemann I; Kaissling B; Kuziel W; Jung S; Kurts C. 2006. Tumor necrosis factor alpha- and inducible nitric oxide synthase-producing dendritic cells are rapidly recruited to the bladder in urinary tract infection but are dispensable for bacterial clearance. Infect Immun 74(11):6100-7. [PubMed: 16966414]  [MGI Ref ID J:113552]

Everett AW; Ernst EJ. 2004. Increased quantal size in transmission at slow but not fast neuromuscular synapses of apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Exp Neurol 185(2):290-6. [PubMed: 14736510]  [MGI Ref ID J:87833]

Ezra Y; Oron L; Moskovich L; Roses AD; Beni SM; Shohami E; Michaelson DM. 2003. Apolipoprotein E4 decreases whereas apolipoprotein E3 increases the level of secreted amyloid precursor protein after closed head injury. Neuroscience 121(2):315-25. [PubMed: 14521991]  [MGI Ref ID J:132283]

Fagan AM; Holtzman DM; Munson G; Mathur T; Schneider D; Chang LK; Getz GS; Reardon CA; Lukens J; Shah JA; LaDu MJ. 1999. Unique lipoproteins secreted by primary astrocytes from wild type, apoE (-/-), and human apoE transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 274(42):30001-7. [PubMed: 10514484]  [MGI Ref ID J:58019]

Fagan AM; Murphy BA; Patel SN; Kilbridge JF; Mobley WC; Bu G; Holtzman DM. 1998. Evidence for normal aging of the septo-hippocampal cholinergic system in apoE (-/-) mice but impaired clearance of axonal degeneration products following injury. Exp Neurol 151(2):314-25. [PubMed: 9628766]  [MGI Ref ID J:48287]

Fagan AM; Watson M; Parsadanian M; Bales KR; Paul SM; Holtzman DM. 2002. Human and murine ApoE markedly alters A beta metabolism before and after plaque formation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 9(3):305-18. [PubMed: 11950276]  [MGI Ref ID J:127846]

Fan D; Yancey PG; Qiu S; Ding L; Weeber EJ; Linton MF; Fazio S. 2008. Self-association of human PCSK9 correlates with its LDLR-degrading activity. Biochemistry 47(6):1631-9. [PubMed: 18197702]  [MGI Ref ID J:132491]

Fan YY; Ramos KS; Chapkin RS. 2001. Dietary gamma-linolenic acid suppresses aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation and modifies atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Nutr 131(6):1675-81. [PubMed: 11385052]  [MGI Ref ID J:69821]

Farese RVJr; Veniant MM; Cham CM; Flynn LM; Pierotti V; Loring JF; Traber M; Ruland S; Stokowski RS; Huszar D; Young SG. 1996. Phenotypic analysis of mice expressing exclusively apolipoprotein B48 or apolipoprotein B100. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93(13):6393-8. [PubMed: 8692825]  [MGI Ref ID J:33830]

Fazio S; Babaev VR; Burleigh ME; Major AS; Hasty AH; Linton MF. 2002. Physiological expression of macrophage apoE in the artery wall reduces atherosclerosis in severely hyperlipidemic mice. J Lipid Res 43(10):1602-9. [PubMed: 12364544]  [MGI Ref ID J:79439]

Febbraio M; Podrez EA; Smith JD; Hajjar DP; Hazen SL; Hoff HF; Sharma K; Silverstein RL. 2000. Targeted disruption of the class B scavenger receptor CD36 protects against atherosclerotic lesion development in mice [see comments] J Clin Invest 105(8):1049-56. [PubMed: 10772649]  [MGI Ref ID J:61672]

Feng X; Li H; Rumbin AA; Wang X; La Cava A; Brechtelsbauer K; Castellani LW; Witztum JL; Lusis AJ; Tsao BP. 2007. ApoE-/-Fas-/- C57BL/6 mice: a novel murine model simultaneously exhibits lupus nephritis, atherosclerosis, and osteopenia. J Lipid Res 48(4):794-805. [PubMed: 17259598]  [MGI Ref ID J:121671]

Fernandez-Hernando C; Ackah E; Yu J; Suarez Y; Murata T; Iwakiri Y; Prendergast J; Miao RQ; Birnbaum MJ; Sessa WC. 2007. Loss of akt1 leads to severe atherosclerosis and occlusive coronary artery disease. Cell Metab 6(6):446-57. [PubMed: 18054314]  [MGI Ref ID J:130443]

Forte TM; Subbanagounder G; Berliner JA; Blanche PJ; Clermont AO; Jia Z; Oda MN; Krauss RM; Bielicki JK. 2002. Altered activities of anti-atherogenic enzymes LCAT, paraoxonase, and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in atherosclerosis-susceptible mice. J Lipid Res 43(3):477-85. [PubMed: 11893784]  [MGI Ref ID J:75568]

Frank PG; Lee H; Park DS; Tandon NN; Scherer PE; Lisanti MP. 2004. Genetic ablation of caveolin-1 confers protection against atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24(1):98-105. [PubMed: 14563650]  [MGI Ref ID J:101788]

Friedrich EB; Clever YP; Wassmann S; Werner N; Bohm M; Nickenig G. 2006. Role of integrin-linked kinase in vascular smooth muscle cells: regulation by statins and angiotensin II. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 349(3):883-9. [PubMed: 16962068]  [MGI Ref ID J:113091]

Fryer JD; Simmons K; Parsadanian M; Bales KR; Paul SM; Sullivan PM; Holtzman DM. 2005. Human apolipoprotein E4 alters the amyloid-beta 40:42 ratio and promotes the formation of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in an amyloid precursor protein transgenic model. J Neurosci 25(11):2803-10. [PubMed: 15772340]  [MGI Ref ID J:98636]

Fryer JD; Taylor JW; DeMattos RB; Bales KR; Paul SM; Parsadanian M; Holtzman DM. 2003. Apolipoprotein E markedly facilitates age-dependent cerebral amyloid angiopathy and spontaneous hemorrhage in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. J Neurosci 23(21):7889-96. [PubMed: 12944519]  [MGI Ref ID J:85307]

Fu T; Borensztajn J. 2006. Simvastatin causes the formation of cholesterol-rich remnants in mice lacking apoE. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 341(4):1172-6. [PubMed: 16460674]  [MGI Ref ID J:105757]

Fu T; Kozarsky KF; Borensztajn J. 2003. Overexpression of SR-BI by adenoviral vector reverses the fibrateinduced hypercholesterolemia of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 278(52):52559-63. [PubMed: 14570884]  [MGI Ref ID J:87086]

Fullerton SM; Shirman GA; Strittmatter WJ; Matthew WD. 2001. Impairment of the blood-nerve and blood-brain barriers in apolipoprotein e knockout mice. Exp Neurol 169(1):13-22. [PubMed: 11312553]  [MGI Ref ID J:69455]

Fullerton SM; Strittmatter WJ; Matthew WD. 1998. Peripheral sensory nerve defects in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Exp Neurol 153(1):156-63. [PubMed: 9743578]  [MGI Ref ID J:106368]

Furbee JW Jr; Francone O; Parks JS. 2002. In vivo contribution of LCAT to apolipoprotein B lipoprotein cholesteryl esters in LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Lipid Res 43(3):428-37. [PubMed: 11893779]  [MGI Ref ID J:75567]

Furbee JW Jr; Sawyer JK; Parks JS. 2002. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency increases atherosclerosis in the low density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Biol Chem 277(5):3511-9. [PubMed: 11719520]  [MGI Ref ID J:74315]

Galkina E; Harry BL; Ludwig A; Liehn EA; Sanders JM; Bruce A; Weber C; Ley K. 2007. CXCR6 promotes atherosclerosis by supporting T-cell homing, interferon-gamma production, and macrophage accumulation in the aortic wall. Circulation 116(16):1801-11. [PubMed: 17909108]  [MGI Ref ID J:139833]

Galkina E; Kadl A; Sanders J; Varughese D; Sarembock IJ; Ley K. 2006. Lymphocyte recruitment into the aortic wall before and during development of atherosclerosis is partially L-selectin dependent. J Exp Med 203(5):1273-82. [PubMed: 16682495]  [MGI Ref ID J:124135]

Gallardo G; Schluter OM; Sudhof TC. 2008. A molecular pathway of neurodegeneration linking alpha-synuclein to ApoE and Abeta peptides. Nat Neurosci 11(3):301-8. [PubMed: 18297066]  [MGI Ref ID J:131733]

Gao J; Katagiri H; Ishigaki Y; Yamada T; Ogihara T; Imai J; Uno K; Hasegawa Y; Kanzaki M; Yamamoto TT; Ishibashi S; Oka Y. 2007. Involvement of apolipoprotein E in excess fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Diabetes 56(1):24-33. [PubMed: 17192461]  [MGI Ref ID J:121950]

Gates AC; Bernal-Mizrachi C; Chinault SL; Feng C; Schneider JG; Coleman T; Malone JP; Townsend RR; Chakravarthy MV; Semenkovich CF. 2007. Respiratory uncoupling in skeletal muscle delays death and diminishes age-related disease. Cell Metab 6(6):497-505. [PubMed: 18054318]  [MGI Ref ID J:130440]

Gavrila D; Li WG; McCormick ML; Thomas M; Daugherty A; Cassis LA; Miller FJ Jr; Oberley LW; Dellsperger KC; Weintraub NL. 2005. Vitamin E inhibits abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25(8):1671-7. [PubMed: 15933246]  [MGI Ref ID J:114336]

Georgopoulos S; McKee A; Kan HY; Zannis VI. 2002. Generation and characterization of two transgenic mouse lines expressing human ApoE2 in neurons and glial cells. Biochemistry 41(30):9293-301. [PubMed: 12135350]  [MGI Ref ID J:78003]

Ghazalpour A; Doss S; Zhang B; Wang S; Plaisier C; Castellanos R; Brozell A; Schadt EE; Drake TA; Lusis AJ; Horvath S. 2006. Integrating genetic and network analysis to characterize genes related to mouse weight. PLoS Genet 2(8):e130. [PubMed: 16934000]  [MGI Ref ID J:115983]

Glaros EN; Kim WS; Quinn CM; Jessup W; Rye KA; Garner B. 2008. Myriocin slows the progression of established atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E gene knockout mice. J Lipid Res 49(2):324-31. [PubMed: 17978313]  [MGI Ref ID J:131877]

Glaros EN; Kim WS; Rye KA; Shayman JA; Garner B. 2008. Reduction of plasma glycosphingolipid levels has no impact on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice. J Lipid Res 49(8):1677-81. [PubMed: 18467744]  [MGI Ref ID J:138447]

Godschalk RW; Albrecht C; Curfs DM; Schins RP; Bartsch H; van Schooten FJ; Nair J. 2007. Decreased levels of lipid peroxidation-induced DNA damage in the onset of atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice. Mutat Res 621(1-2):87-94. [PubMed: 17418875]  [MGI Ref ID J:123175]

Goldstein LB; Vitek MP; Dawson H; Bullman S. 2000. Expression of the apolipoprotein E gene does not affect motor recovery after sensorimotor cortex injury in the mouse. Neuroscience 99(4):705-10. [PubMed: 10974433]  [MGI Ref ID J:119167]

Gonzalez-Navarro H; Nong Z; Amar MJ; Shamburek RD; Najib-Fruchart J; Paigen BJ; Brewer HB Jr; Santamarina-Fojo S. 2004. The ligand-binding function of hepatic lipase modulates the development of atherosclerosis in transgenic mice. J Biol Chem 279(44):45312-21. [PubMed: 15304509]  [MGI Ref ID J:94495]

Goodrum JF; Bouldin TW; Zhang SH; Maeda N; Popko B. 1995. Nerve regeneration and cholesterol reutilization occur in the absence of apolipoproteins E and A-I in mice. J Neurochem 64(1):408-16. [PubMed: 7798939]  [MGI Ref ID J:22362]

Gough PJ; Gomez IG; Wille PT; Raines EW. 2006. Macrophage expression of active MMP-9 induces acute plaque disruption in apoE-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 116(1):59-69. [PubMed: 16374516]  [MGI Ref ID J:105266]

Gourdy P; Schambourg A; Filipe C; Douin-Echinard V; Garmy-Susini B; Calippe B; Terce F; Bayard F; Arnal JF. 2007. Transforming growth factor activity is a key determinant for the effect of estradiol on fatty streak deposit in hypercholesterolemic mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27(10):2214-21. [PubMed: 17690314]  [MGI Ref ID J:134877]

Grainger DJ; Reckless J; McKilligin E. 2004. Apolipoprotein E modulates clearance of apoptotic bodies in vitro and in vivo, resulting in a systemic proinflammatory state in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Immunol 173(10):6366-75. [PubMed: 15528376]  [MGI Ref ID J:94282]

Grootendorst J; Bour A; Vogel E; Kelche C; Sullivan PM; Dodart JC; Bales K; Mathis C. 2005. Human apoE targeted replacement mouse lines: h-apoE4 and h-apoE3 mice differ on spatial memory performance and avoidance behavior. Behav Brain Res 159(1):1-14. [PubMed: 15794991]  [MGI Ref ID J:97643]

Gross S; Tilly P; Hentsch D; Vonesch JL; Fabre JE. 2007. Vascular wall-produced prostaglandin E2 exacerbates arterial thrombosis and atherothrombosis through platelet EP3 receptors. J Exp Med 204(2):311-20. [PubMed: 17242161]  [MGI Ref ID J:125376]

Guo GL; Santamarina-Fojo S; Akiyama TE; Amar MJ; Paigen BJ; Brewer B Jr; Gonzalez FJ. 2006. Effects of FXR in foam-cell formation and atherosclerosis development. Biochim Biophys Acta 1761(12):1401-9. [PubMed: 17110163]  [MGI Ref ID J:118172]

Guo Y; Zhang C; Du X; Nair U; Yoo TJ. 2005. Morphological and functional alterations of the cochlea in apolipoprotein E gene deficient mice. Hear Res 208(1-2):54-67. [PubMed: 16051453]  [MGI Ref ID J:101576]

Guo Z; Mitchell-Raymundo F; Yang H; Ikeno Y; Nelson J; Diaz V; Richardson A; Reddick R. 2002. Dietary restriction reduces atherosclerosis and oxidative stress in the aorta of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Mech Ageing Dev 123(8):1121-31. [PubMed: 12044962]  [MGI Ref ID J:76930]

Guo Z; Ran Q; Roberts LJ nd; Zhou L; Richardson A; Sharan C; Wu D; Yang H. 2008. Suppression of atherogenesis by overexpression of glutathione peroxidase-4 in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Free Radic Biol Med 44(3):343-52. [PubMed: 18215741]  [MGI Ref ID J:130157]

Hafezi-Moghadam A; Thomas KL; Wagner DD. 2007. ApoE deficiency leads to a progressive age-dependent blood-brain barrier leakage. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 292(4):C1256-62. [PubMed: 16870825]  [MGI Ref ID J:125887]

Haghighat A; Weiss D; Whalin MK; Cowan DP; Taylor WR. 2007. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor exacerbate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation 115(15):2049-54. [PubMed: 17404156]  [MGI Ref ID J:135370]

Han SH; Chung SY. 2000. Marked hippocampal neuronal damage without motor deficits after mild concussive-like brain injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice Ann N Y Acad Sci 903:357-65. [PubMed: 10818526]  [MGI Ref ID J:62422]

Han X; Cheng H; Fryer JD; Fagan AM; Holtzman DM. 2003. Novel role for apolipoprotein E in the central nervous system. Modulation of sulfatide content. J Biol Chem 278(10):8043-51. [PubMed: 12501252]  [MGI Ref ID J:131491]

Han X; Holtzman DM; McKeel DW Jr. 2001. Plasmalogen deficiency in early Alzheimer's disease subjects and in animal models: molecular characterization using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Neurochem 77(4):1168-80. [PubMed: 11359882]  [MGI Ref ID J:69528]

Hanniman EA; Lambert G; McCarthy TC; Sinal CJ. 2005. Loss of functional farnesoid X receptor increases atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 46(12):2595-604. [PubMed: 16186601]  [MGI Ref ID J:106149]

Hansmann G; Wagner RA; Schellong S; Perez VA; Urashima T; Wang L; Sheikh AY; Suen RS; Stewart DJ; Rabinovitch M. 2007. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is linked to insulin resistance and reversed by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation. Circulation 115(10):1275-84. [PubMed: 17339547]  [MGI Ref ID J:132327]

Hansmann G; de Jesus Perez VA; Alastalo TP; Alvira CM; Guignabert C; Bekker JM; Schellong S; Urashima T; Wang L; Morrell NW; Rabinovitch M. 2008. An antiproliferative BMP-2/PPARgamma/apoE axis in human and murine SMCs and its role in pulmonary hypertension. J Clin Invest 118(5):1846-57. [PubMed: 18382765]  [MGI Ref ID J:136168]

Hao M; Head WS; Gunawardana SC; Hasty AH; Piston DW. 2007. Direct effect of cholesterol on insulin secretion: a novel mechanism for pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. Diabetes 56(9):2328-38. [PubMed: 17575085]  [MGI Ref ID J:126584]

Harja E; Bu DX; Hudson BI; Chang JS; Shen X; Hallam K; Kalea AZ; Lu Y; Rosario RH; Oruganti S; Nikolla Z; Belov D; Lalla E; Ramasamy R; Yan SF; Schmidt AM. 2008. Vascular and inflammatory stresses mediate atherosclerosis via RAGE and its ligands in apoE-/- mice. J Clin Invest 118(1):183-94. [PubMed: 18079965]  [MGI Ref ID J:130844]

Harja E; Bucciarelli LG; Lu Y; Stern DM; Zou YS; Schmidt AM; Yan SF. 2004. Early growth response-1 promotes atherogenesis: mice deficient in early growth response-1 and apolipoprotein E display decreased atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation. Circ Res 94(3):333-9. [PubMed: 14670837]  [MGI Ref ID J:96665]

Harrington SC; Simari RD; Conover CA. 2007. Genetic deletion of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A is associated with resistance to atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice challenged with a high-fat diet. Circ Res 100(12):1696-702. [PubMed: 17510462]  [MGI Ref ID J:137790]

Harris FM; Brecht WJ; Xu Q; Mahley RW; Huang Y. 2004. Increased tau phosphorylation in apolipoprotein E4 transgenic mice is associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase: modulation by zinc. J Biol Chem 279(43):44795-801. [PubMed: 15322121]  [MGI Ref ID J:93984]

Hartley CJ; Reddy AK; Madala S; Martin-McNulty B; Vergona R; Sullivan ME; Halks-Miller M; Taffet GE; Michael LH; Entman ML; Wang YX. 2000. Hemodynamic changes in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279(5):H2326-34. [PubMed: 11045969]  [MGI Ref ID J:108154]

Hartman RE; Laurer H; Longhi L; Bales KR; Paul SM; McIntosh TK; Holtzman DM. 2002. Apolipoprotein E4 influences amyloid deposition but not cell loss after traumatic brain injury in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 22(23):10083-7. [PubMed: 12451108]  [MGI Ref ID J:133058]

Hartman RE; Wozniak DF; Nardi A; Olney JW; Sartorius L; Holtzman DM. 2001. Behavioral phenotyping of GFAP-apoE3 and -apoE4 transgenic mice: apoE4 mice show profound working memory impairments in the absence of Alzheimer's-like neuropathology. Exp Neurol 170(2):326-44. [PubMed: 11476599]  [MGI Ref ID J:71062]

Hashimoto T; Kihara M; Imai N; Yoshida S; Shimoyamada H; Yasuzaki H; Ishida J; Toya Y; Kiuchi Y; Hirawa N; Tamura K; Yazawa T; Kitamura H; Fukamizu A; Umemura S. 2007. Requirement of apelin-apelin receptor system for oxidative stress-linked atherosclerosis. Am J Pathol 171(5):1705-12. [PubMed: 17884970]  [MGI Ref ID J:126802]

Hatcher JP; Virley D; Hadingham SJ; Roberts J; Hunter AJ; Parsons AA. 2002. The behavioural effect of middle cerebral artery occlusion on apolipoprotein-E deficient mice. Behav Brain Res 131(1-2):139-49. [PubMed: 11844581]  [MGI Ref ID J:96228]

Hemdahl AL; Falk E; Thoren P; Hansson GK. 2004. Thrombin inhibitor reduces myocardial infarction in apoE-/- x LDLR-/- mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287(2):H872-7. [PubMed: 15031124]  [MGI Ref ID J:95598]

Hermanowski-Vosatka A; Balkovec JM; Cheng K; Chen HY; Hernandez M; Koo GC; Le Grand CB; Li Z; Metzger JM; Mundt SS; Noonan H; Nunes CN; Olson SH; Pikounis B; Ren N; Robertson N; Schaeffer JM; Shah K; Springer MS; Strack AM; Strowski M; Wu K; Wu T; Xiao J; Zhang BB; Wright SD; Thieringer R. 2005. 11beta-HSD1 inhibition ameliorates metabolic syndrome and prevents progression of atherosclerosis in mice. J Exp Med 202(4):517-27. [PubMed: 16103409]  [MGI Ref ID J:100504]

Hernandez-Vargas P; Ortiz-Munoz G; Lopez-Franco O; Suzuki Y; Gallego-Delgado J; Sanjuan G; Lazaro A; Lopez-Parra V; Ortega L; Egido J; Gomez-Guerrero C. 2006. Fcgamma receptor deficiency confers protection against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Circ Res 99(11):1188-96. [PubMed: 17053192]  [MGI Ref ID J:129087]

Hirasawa H; Tanaka S; Sakai A; Tsutsui M; Shimokawa H; Miyata H; Moriwaki S; Niida S; Ito M; Nakamura T. 2007. ApoE gene deficiency enhances the reduction of bone formation induced by a high-fat diet through the stimulation of p53-mediated apoptosis in osteoblastic cells. J Bone Miner Res 22(7):1020-30. [PubMed: 17388726]  [MGI Ref ID J:137540]

Hirsch-Reinshagen V; Zhou S; Burgess BL; Bernier L; McIsaac SA; Chan JY; Tansley GH; Cohn JS; Hayden MR; Wellington CL. 2004. Deficiency of ABCA1 impairs apolipoprotein E metabolism in brain. J Biol Chem 279(39):41197-207. [PubMed: 15269218]  [MGI Ref ID J:93331]

Hirschfield GM; Gallimore JR; Kahan MC; Hutchinson WL; Sabin CA; Benson GM; Dhillon AP; Tennent GA; Pepys MB. 2005. Transgenic human C-reactive protein is not proatherogenic in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(23):8309-14. [PubMed: 15919817]  [MGI Ref ID J:99730]

Hodgin JB; Knowles JW; Kim HS; Smithies O; Maeda N. 2002. Interactions between endothelial nitric oxide synthase and sex hormones in vascular protection in mice. J Clin Invest 109(4):541-8. [PubMed: 11854327]  [MGI Ref ID J:74702]

Hofmann MA; Lalla E; Lu Y; Gleason MR; Wolf BM; Tanji N; Ferran LJ Jr; Kohl B; Rao V; Kisiel W; Stern DM; Schmidt AM. 2001. Hyperhomocysteinemia enhances vascular inflammation and accelerates atherosclerosis in a murine model. J Clin Invest 107(6):675-83. [PubMed: 11254667]  [MGI Ref ID J:120549]

Hofmann SM; Perez-Tilve D; Greer TM; Coburn BA; Grant E; Basford JE; Tschop MH; Hui DY. 2008. Defective lipid delivery modulates glucose tolerance and metabolic response to diet in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Diabetes 57(1):5-12. [PubMed: 17914034]  [MGI Ref ID J:132417]

Holm TM; Braun A; Trigatti BL; Brugnara C; Sakamoto M; Krieger M; Andrews NC. 2002. Failure of red blood cell maturation in mice with defects in the high-density lipoprotein receptor SR-BI. Blood 99(5):1817-24. [PubMed: 11861300]  [MGI Ref ID J:75090]

Holtzman DM; Bales KR; Tenkova T; Fagan AM; Parsadanian M; Sartorius LJ; Mackey B; Olney J; McKeel D; Wozniak D; Paul SM. 2000. Apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent amyloid deposition and neuritic degeneration in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97(6):2892-7. [PubMed: 10694577]  [MGI Ref ID J:61176]

Holtzman DM; Bales KR; Wu S; Bhat P; Parsadanian M; Fagan AM; Chang LK; Sun Y; Paul SM. 1999. Expression of human apolipoprotein E reduces amyloid-beta deposition in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J Clin Invest 103(6):R15-R21. [PubMed: 10079115]  [MGI Ref ID J:53613]

Holtzman DM; Fagan AM; Mackey B; Tenkova T; Sartorius L; Paul SM; Bales K; Ashe KH; Irizarry MC; Hyman BT. 2000. Apolipoprotein E facilitates neuritic and cerebrovascular plaque formation in an Alzheimer's disease model. Ann Neurol 47(6):739-47. [PubMed: 10852539]  [MGI Ref ID J:113061]

Holvoet P; Danloy S; Deridder E; Lox M; Bernar H; Dhoest A; Collen D. 1998. Substitution of the carboxyl-terminal domain of apo AI with apo AII sequences restores the potential of HDL to reduce the progression of atherosclerosis in apo E knockout mice. J Clin Invest 102(2):379-85. [PubMed: 9664079]  [MGI Ref ID J:115147]

Homeister JW; Daugherty A; Lowe JB. 2004. Alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferases FucT-IV and FucT-VII control susceptibility to atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-/- mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24(10):1897-903. [PubMed: 15308551]  [MGI Ref ID J:102212]

Hopkins PC; Huang Y; McGuire JG; Pitas RE. 2002. Evidence for differential effects of apoE3 and apoE4 on HDL metabolism. J Lipid Res 43(11):1881-9. [PubMed: 12401887]  [MGI Ref ID J:123999]

Horsburgh K; Kelly S; McCulloch J; Higgins GA; Roses AD; Nicoll JA. 1999. Increased neuronal damage in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice following global ischaemia. Neuroreport 10(4):837-41. [PubMed: 10208557]  [MGI Ref ID J:54423]

Horsburgh K; McCulloch J; Nilsen M; Roses AD; Nicoll JA. 2000. Increased neuronal damage and apoE immunoreactivity in human apolipoprotein E, E4 isoform-specific, transgenic mice after global cerebral ischaemia. Eur J Neurosci 12(12):4309-17. [PubMed: 11122341]  [MGI Ref ID J:129722]

Hoshii Y; Kawano H; Cui D; Takeda T; Gondo T; Takahashi M; Kogishi K ; Higuchi K ; Ishihara T. 1997. Amyloid A protein amyloidosis induced in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Am J Pathol 151(4):911-7. [PubMed: 9327723]  [MGI Ref ID J:43190]

Huang M; Pang X; Karalis K; Theoharides TC. 2003. Stress-induced interleukin-6 release in mice is mast cell-dependent and more pronounced in Apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Cardiovasc Res 59(1):241-9. [PubMed: 12829195]  [MGI Ref ID J:102798]

Huang Y; Liu XQ; Rall SC Jr; Taylor JM; von Eckardstein A; Assmann G; Mahley RW. 1998. Overexpression and accumulation of apolipoprotein E as a cause of hypertriglyceridemia. J Biol Chem 273(41):26388-93. [PubMed: 9756870]  [MGI Ref ID J:115206]

Huang Y; Rall SC Jr; Mahley RW. 1997. Genetic factors precipitating type III hyperlipoproteinemia in hypolipidemic transgenic mice expressing human apolipoprotein E2. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17(11):2817-24. [PubMed: 9409260]  [MGI Ref ID J:45728]

Huang ZH; Reardon CA; Mazzone T. 2006. Endogenous ApoE expression modulates adipocyte triglyceride content and turnover. Diabetes 55(12):3394-402. [PubMed: 17130485]  [MGI Ref ID J:121013]

Huber SA; Sakkinen P; Conze D; Hardin N; Tracy R. 1999. Interleukin-6 exacerbates early atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19(10):2364-7. [PubMed: