Description

Strain Information

Type Congenic; Targeted Mutation; Transgenic; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Additional information on Congenic nomenclature. Mating System Homozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male)   04-JUN-09 Species laboratory mouse Generation N6 (21-JAN-09)   Donating Investigator IMR Colony,   The Jackson Laboratory

Description
Mice that are homozygous null for the Mmp9 gene are viable and fertile. No Mmp9 activity is detected in spleen cell lysates. Long bones (tibia, femur) are 10% shorter in homozygous null mice. Histological examination of three-week-old mice reveals a dramatically lengthened zone of hypertrophic cartilage (six to eight times larger vs. wild-type) due to delayed apoptosis, vascularization, and ossification. Subsequent remodeling resolves the condition, resulting in normal appearing bones by eight weeks of age. Null mice show altered responses to repair of injury in skin, cornea, central nervous system and bone marrow reconstitution, and altered inflammatory responses.

In an attempt to offer alleles on well-characterized or multiple genetic backgrounds, alleles are frequently moved to a genetic background different from that on which an allele was first characterized. It should be noted that the phenotype could vary from that originally described. We will modify the strain description if necessary as published results become available.

Development
A targeting vector containing a neomycin resistance gene driven by the mouse phosphoglycerate kinase promoter was used to disrupt a most of exon 2 and all of intron 2 of the Mmp9 gene. The construct was electroporated into 129S-derived ZW4 embryonic stem (ES) cells. Correctly targeted ES cells were injected into C57BL/6J blastocysts. The resulting chimeric male animals were mated with Swiss Black females. Progeny animals were mated to Black Swiss mice for an unknown number of generations before being mated with FVB/N animals. Upon arrival at The Jackson Laboratory mice, were mated to C57BL/6J animals for a minimum of N5 generations.

Control Information

	Control
	000664 C57BL/6J
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Mmp9^tm1Tvu allele

004104

FVB.Cg-Mmp9tm1Tvu/J

View Strains carrying   Mmp9^tm1Tvu     (1 strain)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms

      assigned by genotype

Mmp9^tm1Tvu/Mmp9^tm1Tvu

        B6.129S6-Mmp9^tm1Tvu

• tumorigenesis
• altered tumor morphology (MGI Ref ID J:105098)
  • injected A549 cells exhibit an increase in early apoptosis compared to in wild-type mice
• decreased tumor incidence (MGI Ref ID J:105098)
  • mice injected with Lewis lung carcinoma or A549 cells exhibit a decrease in tumors compared with similarly treated wild-type mice

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Mmp9^tm1Tvu/Mmp9^tm1Tvu

        either: (involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * Black Swiss) or (involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * CD-1)

• skeleton phenotype
• abnormal cancellous bone morphology (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • area of metaphyseal trabecular bone is shorter
• abnormal long bone epiphyseal plate morphology (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • abnormal growth plate development, however after 3 weeks of age, aberrant apoptosis, vascularization, and ossification compensate to remodel the enlarged growth plate and ultimately produce an axial skeleton of normal appearance except for the shorter long bones
• abnormal long bone hypertrophic chondrocyte zone (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • ectopic areas of ossification begin to appear within the hypertrophic zone at 4 weeks of age
  • apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes is delayed
  • by 3 weeks of age, when the hypertrophic zone is lengthened, aberrant apoptosis begins in the middle of the hypertrophic cartilage and is seen around the areas of ossification throughout the hypertrophic zone at 4 weeks
• increased width of hypertrophic chondrocyte zone (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • exhibit lengthened zone of hypertrophic cartilage with no difference in the reserve or proliferating zones
• abnormal metatarsal bone morphology (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • hypertrophic cartilage zone in the metatarsals is about twice that of wild-type at birth and becomes more pronounced with growth so that by 3 weeks, it is 6-8 times as long
• decreased length of long bones (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • long bones are about 10% shorter than in wild-type
• short femur (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
• short tibia (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
• delayed bone ossification (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • secondary (epiphyseal) ossification sites are delayed until 2.5 weeks of age, however, by 3 weeks of age, these sites are completely ossified as in wild-type
• osteopetrosis (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • ectopic areas of ossification begin to appear within the hypertrophic zone at 4 weeks of age and the ectopic ossification proceeds rapidly so that in some bones the entire zone of hypertrophic cartilage is ossified, leading to a large area of trabecular bone, however this is resolved with subsequent remodeling so that by 8 weeks, bones appear normal
• limbs/digits/tail phenotype
• abnormal long bone epiphyseal plate morphology (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • abnormal growth plate development, however after 3 weeks of age, aberrant apoptosis, vascularization, and ossification compensate to remodel the enlarged growth plate and ultimately produce an axial skeleton of normal appearance except for the shorter long bones
• abnormal long bone hypertrophic chondrocyte zone (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • ectopic areas of ossification begin to appear within the hypertrophic zone at 4 weeks of age
  • apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes is delayed
  • by 3 weeks of age, when the hypertrophic zone is lengthened, aberrant apoptosis begins in the middle of the hypertrophic cartilage and is seen around the areas of ossification throughout the hypertrophic zone at 4 weeks
• increased width of hypertrophic chondrocyte zone (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • exhibit lengthened zone of hypertrophic cartilage with no difference in the reserve or proliferating zones
• abnormal metatarsal bone morphology (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • hypertrophic cartilage zone in the metatarsals is about twice that of wild-type at birth and becomes more pronounced with growth so that by 3 weeks, it is 6-8 times as long
• decreased length of long bones (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
  • long bones are about 10% shorter than in wild-type
• short femur (MGI Ref ID J:47297)
• short tibia (MGI Ref ID J:47297)

Mmp9^tm1Tvu/Mmp9^tm1Tvu

        either: FVB.129S6-Mmp9^tm1Tvu or (involves: 129S6/SvEvTac)

• cardiovascular system phenotype
• altered response to myocardial infarction (MGI Ref ID J:68211)
  • exhibit less left ventricular dilation after experimental myocardial infarction and show less collagen accumulation in the infracted area than seen in wild-type
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• altered response to myocardial infarction (MGI Ref ID J:68211)
  • exhibit less left ventricular dilation after experimental myocardial infarction and show less collagen accumulation in the infracted area than seen in wild-type

Mmp9^tm1Tvu/Mmp9^tm1Tvu

        either: (involves: 129S6/SvEvTac) or (involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J)

• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal angiogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:95880)
  • exhibit reduced angiogenic response to peripheral leg ischemia; do not observe an increase in capillary density and see reduced capillary perfusion capacity and fewer points of capillary intersections (decreased branching) after ischemia

Mmp9^tm1Tvu/Mmp9^tm1Tvu

        involves: 129S6/SvEvTac

• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal blood vessel healing (MGI Ref ID J:109006)
  • exhibit attenuated arterial remodeling in response to vascular injury (ligation of carotid artery) compared to wild-type, with decreases in late lumen loss, neointimal thickening, and migration of smooth muscle cells into the neointima and an accumulation of interstitial collagen
• abnormal vascular smooth muscle physiology (MGI Ref ID J:109006)
  • isolated aortic smooth muscle cells show decreased migration and capacity to contract collagen in vitro
• muscle phenotype
• abnormal vascular smooth muscle physiology (MGI Ref ID J:109006)
  • isolated aortic smooth muscle cells show decreased migration and capacity to contract collagen in vitro
• nervous system phenotype
• abnormal myelination (MGI Ref ID J:105765)
  • exhibit decreased myelination in the corpus callosum at P7 and P10, but not at P14, as evidenced by decreased MBP expression
• abnormal oligodendrocyte morphology (MGI Ref ID J:105765)
  • exhibit a decrease in the number of mature oligondendrocytes at P10, however no differences in oligodendrocyte precursor cell numbers
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• abnormal blood vessel healing (MGI Ref ID J:109006)
  • exhibit attenuated arterial remodeling in response to vascular injury (ligation of carotid artery) compared to wild-type, with decreases in late lumen loss, neointimal thickening, and migration of smooth muscle cells into the neointima and an accumulation of interstitial collagen

Mmp9^tm1Tvu/Mmp9^tm1Tvu

        involves: 129S6/SvEvTac * C57BL/6J

• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal angiogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:101783)
  • exhibit significantly reduced carotid artery intimal hyperplasia in response to vascular injury and fewer intimal smooth muscle cells
• abnormal vascular smooth muscle physiology (MGI Ref ID J:101783)
  • exhibit impairment of smooth muscle cell migration through a gelatin-coated membrane towards a chemoattractant and in a wound assay4
  • isolated smooth muscle cells exhibit impaired ability to compact collagen gels, to assemble fibrillar collagen from exogenous monomers, and to attach to gelatin
• muscle phenotype
• abnormal vascular smooth muscle physiology (MGI Ref ID J:101783)
  • exhibit impairment of smooth muscle cell migration through a gelatin-coated membrane towards a chemoattractant and in a wound assay4
  • isolated smooth muscle cells exhibit impaired ability to compact collagen gels, to assemble fibrillar collagen from exogenous monomers, and to attach to gelatin

Mmp9^tm1Tvu/Mmp9^tm1Tvu

        FVB.129S6-Mmp9^tm1Tvu

• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal physiological neovascularization (MGI Ref ID J:104786)
  • exhibit increased neovascularization post myocardial infarction, as shown by increased total vessel density and normalized vessel distribution between subendo- and epicardial regions relative to wild-type after coronary artery ligation
• altered response to myocardial infarction (MGI Ref ID J:104786)
  • exhibit an increased infarct-to-septal wall thickness ratio, attenuated wall thinning, improved left ventricular function, and reduced peak macrophage infiltration into the infarct zone relative to wild-type after myocardial infarction
• increased angiogenesis (MGI Ref ID J:104786)
  • exhibit an increased angiogenic potential after myocardial infarction, as shown by the presence of newly formed vessels in the infarct region
• increased ventricle muscle contractility (MGI Ref ID J:104786)
  • exhibit higher end-systolic pressure and dP/dt_max than wild-type after myocardial infarction, despite similar infarct sizes
• muscle phenotype
• increased ventricle muscle contractility (MGI Ref ID J:104786)
  • exhibit higher end-systolic pressure and dP/dt_max than wild-type after myocardial infarction, despite similar infarct sizes
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• altered response to myocardial infarction (MGI Ref ID J:104786)
  • exhibit an increased infarct-to-septal wall thickness ratio, attenuated wall thinning, improved left ventricular function, and reduced peak macrophage infiltration into the infarct zone relative to wild-type after myocardial infarction

Mmp9^tm1Tvu/Mmp9^tm1Tvu

        129S6/SvEvTac-Mmp9^tm1Tvu

• immune system phenotype
• *normal* immune system phenotype (MGI Ref ID J:113463)
  • mice exhibit a normal local Shwartman response namely thrombohemorrhagic vasculitis

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cardiovascular Research
Ischemia studies

Developmental Biology Research
Defects in Extracellular Matrix Molecules
Skeletal Defects

Endocrine Deficiency Research
Bone/Bone Marrow Defects

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Inflammation

Mmp9^tm1Tvu related

Cancer Research
Increased Tumor Incidence
      Skin Cancers: Resistant

Developmental Biology Research
Defects in Extracellular Matrix Molecules

Endocrine Deficiency Research
Bone/Bone Marrow Defects

Immunology and Inflammation Research
Inflammation

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information

Allele Symbol		Mmp9tm1Tvu
Allele Name		targeted mutation 1, Thiennu H Vu
Allele Type		Targeted (knock-out)
Common Name(s)		GelB-; Gelatinase B-Null; MMP-9 KO; MMP-9-; MMP-9KO; Mmp9-;
Mutation Made By		Zena Werb,   University of California, San Francisco
Strain of Origin		129S6/SvEvTac
ES Cell Line Name		Other (see notes)
ES Cell Line Strain		129
Gene Symbol and Name		Mmp9, matrix metallopeptidase 9
Chromosome		2
Gene Common Name(s)		AW743869; B/MMP9; CLG4B; Clg4b; GELB; Gel B; Gelatinase B; MANDP2; MMP-9; collagenase IVB, basement membrane, 92 kDa; expressed sequence AW743869;
General Note		ES cell line = ZW4.
Molecular Note		Part of exon 2 and all of intron 2 were replaced with a cassette containing the neomycin resistance gene driven by a PGK promoter. [MGI Ref ID J:47297]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Mmp9 ^tm1Tvu, Standard PCR

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References

Selected Reference(s)

Coussens LM; Tinkle CL; Hanahan D; Werb Z. 2000. MMP-9 supplied by bone marrow-derived cells contributes to skin carcinogenesis Cell 103(3):481-90. [PubMed: 11081634]  [MGI Ref ID J:65699]

Additional References

Mmp9^tm1Tvu related

Acuff HB; Carter KJ; Fingleton B; Gorden DL; Matrisian LM. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 from bone marrow-derived cells contributes to survival but not growth of tumor cells in the lung microenvironment. Cancer Res 66(1):259-66. [PubMed: 16397239]  [MGI Ref ID J:105098]

Ahn GO; Brown JM. 2008. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is required for tumor vasculogenesis but not for angiogenesis: role of bone marrow-derived myelomonocytic cells. Cancer Cell 13(3):193-205. [PubMed: 18328424]  [MGI Ref ID J:132946]

Allport JR; Lim YC; Shipley JM; Senior RM; Shapiro SD; Matsuyoshi N; Vestweber D; Luscinskas FW. 2002. Neutrophils from MMP-9- or neutrophil elastase-deficient mice show no defect in transendothelial migration under flow in vitro. J Leukoc Biol 71(5):821-8. [PubMed: 11994507]  [MGI Ref ID J:76606]

Alvarez JI; Teale JM. 2007. Evidence for differential changes of junctional complex proteins in murine neurocysticercosis dependent upon CNS vasculature. Brain Res 1169:98-111. [PubMed: 17686468]  [MGI Ref ID J:145255]

Andrews KL; Betsuyaku T; Rogers S; Shipley JM; Senior RM; Miner JH. 2000. Gelatinase B (MMP-9) is not essential in the normal kidney and does not influence progression of renal disease in a mouse model of alport syndrome Am J Pathol 157(1):303-11. [PubMed: 10880400]  [MGI Ref ID J:63137]

Asahi M; Asahi K; Jung JC; del Zoppo GJ; Fini ME; Lo EH. 2000. Role for matrix metalloproteinase 9 after focal cerebral ischemia: effects of gene knockout and enzyme inhibition with BB-94. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 20(12):1681-9. [PubMed: 11129784]  [MGI Ref ID J:79535]

Asahi M; Wang X; Mori T; Sumii T; Jung JC; Moskowitz MA; Fini ME; Lo EH. 2001. Effects of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene knock-out on the proteolysis of blood-brain barrier and white matter components after cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci 21(19):7724-32. [PubMed: 11567062]  [MGI Ref ID J:71686]

Baluk P; Raymond WW; Ator E; Coussens LM; McDonald DM; Caughey GH. 2004. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression increases in Mycoplasma-infected airways but is not required for microvascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 287(2):L307-17. [PubMed: 15075248]  [MGI Ref ID J:108152]

Barnett JM; McCollum GW; Fowler JA; Duan JJ; Kay JD; Liu RQ; Bingaman DP; Penn JS. 2007. Pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of MMP-2 and -9 affects retinal neovascularization in rodent models of OIR. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 48(2):907-15. [PubMed: 17251494]  [MGI Ref ID J:123262]

Bergers G; Brekken R; McMahon G; Vu TH; Itoh T; Tamaki K; Tanzawa K; Thorpe P; Itohara S; Werb Z; Hanahan D. 2000. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 triggers the angiogenic switch during carcinogenesis Nat Cell Biol 2(10):737-44. [PubMed: 11025665]  [MGI Ref ID J:65019]

Betsuyaku T; Fukuda Y; Parks WC; Shipley JM; Senior RM. 2000. Gelatinase B is required for alveolar bronchiolization after intratracheal bleomycin. Am J Pathol 157(2):525-35. [PubMed: 10934155]  [MGI Ref ID J:108171]

Bonig H; Priestley GV; Oehler V; Papayannopoulou T. 2007. Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) from mobilized peripheral blood display enhanced migration and marrow homing compared to steady-state bone marrow HPC. Exp Hematol 35(2):326-34. [PubMed: 17258081]  [MGI Ref ID J:123189]

Bottcher T; Spreer A; Azeh I; Nau R; Gerber J. 2003. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency impairs host defense mechanisms against Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse model of bacterial meningitis. Neurosci Lett 338(3):201-4. [PubMed: 12581831]  [MGI Ref ID J:126519]

Camp TM; Tyagi SC; Senior RM; Hayden MR; Tyagi SC. 2003. Gelatinase B(MMP-9) an apoptotic factor in diabetic transgenic mice. Diabetologia 46(10):1438-45. [PubMed: 12928773]  [MGI Ref ID J:86293]

Carmeliet P; Moons L; Lijnen R; Baes M; Lemaitre V; Tipping P; Drew A; Eeckhout Y; Shapiro S; Lupu F; Collen D. 1997. Urokinase-generated plasmin activates matrix metalloproteinases during aneurysm formation. Nat Genet 17(4):439-44. [PubMed: 9398846]  [MGI Ref ID J:44387]

Castaneda FE; Walia B; Vijay-Kumar M; Patel NR; Roser S; Kolachala VL; Rojas M; Wang L; Oprea G; Garg P; Gewirtz AT; Roman J; Merlin D; Sitaraman SV. 2005. Targeted deletion of metalloproteinase 9 attenuates experimental colitis in mice: central role of epithelial-derived MMP. Gastroenterology 129(6):1991-2008. [PubMed: 16344067]  [MGI Ref ID J:104644]

Cataldo DD; Tournoy KG; Vermaelen K; Munaut C; Foidart JM; Louis R; Noel A; Pauwels RA. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency impairs cellular infiltration and bronchial hyperresponsiveness during allergen-induced airway inflammation. Am J Pathol 161(2):491-8. [PubMed: 12163374]  [MGI Ref ID J:113541]

Chetty A; Cao GJ; Severgnini M; Simon A; Warburton R; Nielsen HC. 2008. Role of matrix metalloprotease-9 in hyperoxic injury in developing lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 295(4):L584-92. [PubMed: 18658276]  [MGI Ref ID J:141981]

Cheung C; Marchant D; Walker EK; Luo Z; Zhang J; Yanagawa B; Rahmani M; Cox J; Overall C; Senior RM; Luo H; McManus BM. 2008. Ablation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 increases severity of viral myocarditis in mice. Circulation 117(12):1574-82. [PubMed: 18332263]  [MGI Ref ID J:148442]

Chintala SK; Zhang X; Austin JS; Fini ME. 2002. Deficiency in matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase B (MMP-9) protects against retinal ganglion cell death after optic nerve ligation. J Biol Chem 277(49):47461-8. [PubMed: 12354772]  [MGI Ref ID J:129161]

Cho A; Reidy MA. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is necessary for the regulation of smooth muscle cell replication and migration after arterial injury. Circ Res 91(9):845-51. [PubMed: 12411400]  [MGI Ref ID J:109007]

Choi ET; Collins ET; Marine LA; Uberti MG; Uchida H; Leidenfrost JE; Khan MF; Boc KP; Abendschein DR; Parks WC. 2005. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 modulation by resident arterial cells is responsible for injury-induced accelerated atherosclerotic plaque development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25(5):1020-5. [PubMed: 15746435]  [MGI Ref ID J:110044]

Chun TH; Hotary KB; Sabeh F; Saltiel AR; Allen ED; Weiss SJ. 2006. A pericellular collagenase directs the 3-dimensional development of white adipose tissue. Cell 125(3):577-91. [PubMed: 16678100]  [MGI Ref ID J:115867]

Chun TH; Sabeh F; Ota I; Murphy H; McDonagh KT; Holmbeck K; Birkedal-Hansen H; Allen ED; Weiss SJ. 2004. MT1-MMP-dependent neovessel formation within the confines of the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. J Cell Biol 167(4):757-67. [PubMed: 15545316]  [MGI Ref ID J:94371]

Colnot C; Thompson Z; Miclau T; Werb Z; Helms JA. 2003. Altered fracture repair in the absence of MMP9. Development 130(17):4123-33. [PubMed: 12874132]  [MGI Ref ID J:91527]

Copin JC; Gasche Y. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency has no effect on glial scar formation after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mouse. Brain Res 1150:167-73. [PubMed: 17434457]  [MGI Ref ID J:122495]

Corry DB; Kiss A; Song LZ; Song L; Xu J; Lee SH; Werb Z; Kheradmand F. 2004. Overlapping and independent contributions of MMP2 and MMP9 to lung allergic inflammatory cell egression through decreased CC chemokines. FASEB J 18(9):995-7. [PubMed: 15059974]  [MGI Ref ID J:118113]

Costanzo RM; Perrino LA. 2008. Peak in matrix metaloproteinases-2 levels observed during recovery from olfactory nerve injury. Neuroreport 19(3):327-31. [PubMed: 18303576]  [MGI Ref ID J:133918]

Deshmukh HS; Shaver C; Case LM; Dietsch M; Wesselkamper SC; Hardie WD; Korfhagen TR; Corradi M; Nadel JA; Borchers MT; Leikauf GD. 2008. Acrolein-activated matrix metalloproteinase 9 contributes to persistent mucin production. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 38(4):446-54. [PubMed: 18006877]  [MGI Ref ID J:149725]

Du R; Lu KV; Petritsch C; Liu P; Ganss R; Passegue E; Song H; Vandenberg S; Johnson RS; Werb Z; Bergers G. 2008. HIF1alpha induces the recruitment of bone marrow-derived vascular modulatory cells to regulate tumor angiogenesis and invasion. Cancer Cell 13(3):206-20. [PubMed: 18328425]  [MGI Ref ID J:132945]

Ducharme A; Frantz S; Aikawa M; Rabkin E; Lindsey M; Rohde LE; Schoen FJ; Kelly RA; Werb Z; Libby P; Lee RT. 2000. Targeted deletion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 attenuates left ventricular enlargement and collagen accumulation after experimental myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 106(1):55-62. [PubMed: 10880048]  [MGI Ref ID J:68211]

Filippov S; Koenig GC; Chun TH; Hotary KB; Ota I; Bugge TH; Roberts JD; Fay WP; Birkedal-Hansen H; Holmbeck K; Sabeh F; Allen ED; Weiss SJ. 2005. MT1-matrix metalloproteinase directs arterial wall invasion and neointima formation by vascular smooth muscle cells. J Exp Med 202(5):663-71. [PubMed: 16147977]  [MGI Ref ID J:100717]

Galis ZS; Johnson C; Godin D; Magid R; Shipley JM; Senior RM; Ivan E. 2002. Targeted disruption of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene impairs smooth muscle cell migration and geometrical arterial remodeling. Circ Res 91(9):852-9. [PubMed: 12411401]  [MGI Ref ID J:109006]

Garg P; Ravi A; Patel NR; Roman J; Gewirtz AT; Merlin D; Sitaraman SV. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 regulates MUC-2 expression through its effect on goblet cell differentiation. Gastroenterology 132(5):1877-89. [PubMed: 17484881]  [MGI Ref ID J:128322]

Gidday JM; Gasche YG; Copin JC; Shah AR; Perez RS; Shapiro SD; Chan PH; Park TS. 2005. Leukocyte-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 mediates blood-brain barrier breakdown and is proinflammatory after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 289(2):H558-68. [PubMed: 15764676]  [MGI Ref ID J:100320]

Gieling RG; Wallace K; Han YP. 2009. Interleukin-1 participates in the progression from liver injury to fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296(6):G1324-31. [PubMed: 19342509]  [MGI Ref ID J:149597]

Giraudo E; Inoue M; Hanahan D. 2004. An amino-bisphosphonate targets MMP-9-expressing macrophages and angiogenesis to impair cervical carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 114(5):623-33. [PubMed: 15343380]  [MGI Ref ID J:92599]

Gong Y; Hart E; Shchurin A; Hoover-Plow J. 2008. Inflammatory macrophage migration requires MMP-9 activation by plasminogen in mice. J Clin Invest 118(9):3012-24. [PubMed: 18677407]  [MGI Ref ID J:140977]

Greenlee KJ; Corry DB; Engler DA; Matsunami RK; Tessier P; Cook RG; Werb Z; Kheradmand F. 2006. Proteomic identification of in vivo substrates for matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 reveals a mechanism for resolution of inflammation. J Immunol 177(10):7312-21. [PubMed: 17082650]  [MGI Ref ID J:140613]

Gursoy-Ozdemir Y; Qiu J; Matsuoka N; Bolay H; Bermpohl D; Jin H; Wang X; Rosenberg GA; Lo EH; Moskowitz MA. 2004. Cortical spreading depression activates and upregulates MMP-9. J Clin Invest 113(10):1447-55. [PubMed: 15146242]  [MGI Ref ID J:121203]

Gustafsson E; Aszodi A; Ortega N; Hunziker EB; Denker HW; Werb Z; Fassler R. 2003. Role of collagen type II and perlecan in skeletal development. Ann N Y Acad Sci 995:140-50. [PubMed: 12814946]  [MGI Ref ID J:84739]

Gutierrez-Fernandez A; Inada M; Balbin M; Fueyo A; Pitiot AS; Astudillo A; Hirose K; Hirata M; Shapiro SD; Noel A; Werb Z; Krane SM; Lopez-Otin C; Puente XS. 2007. Increased inflammation delays wound healing in mice deficient in collagenase-2 (MMP-8). FASEB J 21(10):2580-91. [PubMed: 17392479]  [MGI Ref ID J:134846]

Hamada T; Duarte S; Tsuchihashi S; Busuttil RW; Coito AJ. 2009. Inducible nitric oxide synthase deficiency impairs matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and disrupts leukocyte migration in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Am J Pathol 174(6):2265-77. [PubMed: 19443702]  [MGI Ref ID J:148923]

Hamano Y; Zeisberg M; Sugimoto H; Lively JC; Maeshima Y; Yang C; Hynes RO; Werb Z; Sudhakar A; Kalluri R. 2003. Physiological levels of tumstatin, a fragment of collagen IV alpha3 chain, are generated by MMP-9 proteolysis and suppress angiogenesis via alphaV beta3 integrin. Cancer Cell 3(6):589-601. [PubMed: 12842087]  [MGI Ref ID J:120382]

Hangai M; Kitaya N; Xu J; Chan CK; Kim JJ; Werb Z; Ryan SJ; Brooks PC. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase-9-dependent exposure of a cryptic migratory control site in collagen is required before retinal angiogenesis. Am J Pathol 161(4):1429-37. [PubMed: 12368215]  [MGI Ref ID J:113620]

Hattori N; Mochizuki S; Kishi K; Nakajima T; Takaishi H; D'Armiento J; Okada Y. 2009. MMP-13 plays a role in keratinocyte migration, angiogenesis, and contraction in mouse skin wound healing. Am J Pathol 175(2):533-46. [PubMed: 19590036]  [MGI Ref ID J:150790]

Heilpern AJ; Wertheim W; He J; Perides G; Bronson RT; Hu LT. 2009. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 plays a key role in lyme arthritis but not in dissemination of Borrelia burgdorferi. Infect Immun 77(7):2643-9. [PubMed: 19364840]  [MGI Ref ID J:150311]

Heissig B; Hattori K; Dias S; Friedrich M; Ferris B; Hackett NR; Crystal RG; Besmer P; Lyden D; Moore MA; Werb Z; Rafii S. 2002. Recruitment of stem and progenitor cells from the bone marrow niche requires MMP-9 mediated release of kit-ligand. Cell 109(5):625-37. [PubMed: 12062105]  [MGI Ref ID J:149957]

Heissig B; Lund LR; Akiyama H; Ohki M; Morita Y; Romer J; Nakauchi H; Okumura K; Ogawa H; Werb Z; Dano K; Hattori K. 2007. The plasminogen fibrinolytic pathway is required for hematopoietic regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 1(6):658-70. [PubMed: 18371407]  [MGI Ref ID J:149807]

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Hirahashi J; Mekala D; Van Ziffle J; Xiao L; Saffaripour S; Wagner DD; Shapiro SD; Lowell C; Mayadas TN. 2006. Mac-1 signaling via Src-family and Syk kinases results in elastase-dependent thrombohemorrhagic vasculopathy. Immunity 25(2):271-83. [PubMed: 16872848]  [MGI Ref ID J:113463]

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Ikonomidis JS; Barbour JR; Amani Z; Stroud RE; Herron AR; McClister DM Jr; Camens SE; Lindsey ML; Mukherjee R; Spinale FG. 2005. Effects of deletion of the matrix metalloproteinase 9 gene on development of murine thoracic aortic aneurysms. Circulation 112(9 Suppl):I242-8. [PubMed: 16159824]  [MGI Ref ID J:116808]

Ilkovitch D; Lopez DM. 2009. Urokinase-mediated recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their suppressive mechanisms are blocked by MUC1/sec. Blood 113(19):4729-39. [PubMed: 19196663]  [MGI Ref ID J:148729]

Jin DK; Shido K; Kopp HG; Petit I; Shmelkov SV; Young LM; Hooper AT; Amano H; Avecilla ST; Heissig B; Hattori K; Zhang F; Hicklin DJ; Wu Y; Zhu Z; Dunn A; Salari H; Werb Z; Hackett NR; Crystal RG; Lyden D; Rafii S. 2006. Cytokine-mediated deployment of SDF-1 induces revascularization through recruitment of CXCR4+ hemangiocytes. Nat Med 12(5):557-67. [PubMed: 16648859]  [MGI Ref ID J:109523]

Jodele S; Chantrain CF; Blavier L; Lutzko C; Crooks GM; Shimada H; Coussens LM; Declerck YA. 2005. The contribution of bone marrow-derived cells to the tumor vasculature in neuroblastoma is matrix metalloproteinase-9 dependent. Cancer Res 65(8):3200-8. [PubMed: 15833851]  [MGI Ref ID J:97827]

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Johnson C; Sung HJ; Lessner SM; Fini ME; Galis ZS. 2004. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is required for adequate angiogenic revascularization of ischemic tissues: potential role in capillary branching. Circ Res 94(2):262-8. [PubMed: 14670843]  [MGI Ref ID J:95880]

Kauppinen TM; Swanson RA. 2005. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 promotes microglial activation, proliferation, and matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated neuron death. J Immunol 174(4):2288-96. [PubMed: 15699164]  [MGI Ref ID J:96548]

Kaviratne M; Hesse M; Leusink M; Cheever AW; Davies SJ; McKerrow JH; Wakefield LM; Letterio JJ; Wynn TA. 2004. IL-13 activates a mechanism of tissue fibrosis that is completely TGF-beta independent. J Immunol 173(6):4020-9. [PubMed: 15356151]  [MGI Ref ID J:92753]

Kawasaki Y; Xu ZZ; Wang X; Park JY; Zhuang ZY; Tan PH; Gao YJ; Roy K; Corfas G; Lo EH; Ji RR. 2008. Distinct roles of matrix metalloproteases in the early- and late-phase development of neuropathic pain. Nat Med 14(3):331-6. [PubMed: 18264108]  [MGI Ref ID J:133660]

Kenny HA; Kaur S; Coussens LM; Lengyel E. 2008. The initial steps of ovarian cancer cell metastasis are mediated by MMP-2 cleavage of vitronectin and fibronectin. J Clin Invest 118(4):1367-79. [PubMed: 18340378]  [MGI Ref ID J:135977]

Kiaei M; Kipiani K; Calingasan NY; Wille E; Chen J; Heissig B; Rafii S; Lorenzl S; Beal MF. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 regulates TNF-alpha and FasL expression in neuronal, glial cells and its absence extends life in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Exp Neurol 205(1):74-81. [PubMed: 17362932]  [MGI Ref ID J:141587]

Kobayashi H; Chattopadhyay S; Kato K; Dolkas J; Kikuchi S; Myers RR; Shubayev VI. 2008. MMPs initiate Schwann cell-mediated MBP degradation and mechanical nociception after nerve damage. Mol Cell Neurosci 39(4):619-27. [PubMed: 18817874]  [MGI Ref ID J:143357]

Kubota Y; Takubo K; Shimizu T; Ohno H; Kishi K; Shibuya M; Saya H; Suda T. 2009. M-CSF inhibition selectively targets pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. J Exp Med 206(5):1089-102. [PubMed: 19398755]  [MGI Ref ID J:148497]

Kyriakides TR; Wulsin D; Skokos EA; Fleckman P; Pirrone A; Shipley JM; Senior RM; Bornstein P. 2009. Mice that lack matrix metalloproteinase-9 display delayed wound healing associated with delayed reepithelization and disordered collagen fibrillogenesis. Matrix Biol 28(2):65-73. [PubMed: 19379668]  [MGI Ref ID J:149139]

Lambert V; Wielockx B; Munaut C; Galopin C; Jost M; Itoh T; Werb Z; Baker A; Libert C; Krell HW; Foidart JM; Noel A; Rakic JM. 2003. MMP-2 and MMP-9 synergize in promoting choroidal neovascularization. FASEB J 17(15):2290-2. [PubMed: 14563686]  [MGI Ref ID J:86805]

Lanone S; Zheng T; Zhu Z; Liu W; Lee CG; Ma B; Chen Q; Homer RJ; Wang J; Rabach LA; Rabach ME; Shipley JM; Shapiro SD; Senior RM; Elias JA. 2002. Overlapping and enzyme-specific contributions of matrix metalloproteinases-9 and -12 in IL-13-induced inflammation and remodeling. J Clin Invest 110(4):463-74. [PubMed: 12189240]  [MGI Ref ID J:78575]

Larsen PH; DaSilva AG; Conant K; Yong VW. 2006. Myelin formation during development of the CNS is delayed in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -12 null mice. J Neurosci 26(8):2207-14. [PubMed: 16495447]  [MGI Ref ID J:105765]

Larsen PH; Wells JE; Stallcup WB; Opdenakker G; Yong VW. 2003. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 facilitates remyelination in part by processing the inhibitory NG2 proteoglycan. J Neurosci 23(35):11127-35. [PubMed: 14657171]  [MGI Ref ID J:87968]

Lee CG; Homer RJ; Zhu Z; Lanone S; Wang X; Koteliansky V; Shipley JM; Gotwals P; Noble P; Chen Q; Senior RM; Elias JA. 2001. Interleukin-13 induces tissue fibrosis by selectively stimulating and activating transforming growth factor beta(1). J Exp Med 194(6):809-21. [PubMed: 11560996]  [MGI Ref ID J:119457]

Lee MM; Yoon BJ; Osiewicz K; Preston M; Bundy B; van Heeckeren AM; Werb Z; Soloway PD. 2005. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 regulates resistance to infection. Infect Immun 73(1):661-5. [PubMed: 15618213]  [MGI Ref ID J:94836]

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Lelongt B; Bengatta S; Delauche M; Lund LR; Werb Z; Ronco PM. 2001. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 protects mice from anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis through its fibrinolytic activity. J Exp Med 193(7):793-802. [PubMed: 11283152]  [MGI Ref ID J:68656]

Levesque JP; Liu F; Simmons PJ; Betsuyaku T; Senior RM; Pham C; Link DC. 2004. Characterization of hematopoietic progenitor mobilization in protease-deficient mice. Blood 104(1):65-72. [PubMed: 15010367]  [MGI Ref ID J:90920]

Li H; Mittal A; Makonchuk DY; Bhatnagar S; Kumar A. 2009. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition ameliorates pathogenesis and improves skeletal muscle regeneration in muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 18(14):2584-98. [PubMed: 19401296]  [MGI Ref ID J:150030]

Li H; Mittal A; Paul PK; Kumar M; Srivastava DS; Tyagi SC; Kumar A. 2009. Tumor necrosis factor-related weak inducer of apoptosis augments matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) production in skeletal muscle through the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB-inducing kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: a potential role of MMP-9 in myopathy. J Biol Chem 284(7):4439-50. [PubMed: 19074147]  [MGI Ref ID J:147593]

Lian X; Qin Y; Hossain SA; Yang L; White A; Xu H; Shipley JM; Li T; Senior RM; Du H; Yan C. 2005. Overexpression of Stat3C in pulmonary epithelium protects against hyperoxic lung injury. J Immunol 174(11):7250-6. [PubMed: 15905571]  [MGI Ref ID J:98964]

Lim DH; Cho JY; Miller M; McElwain K; McElwain S; Broide DH. 2006. Reduced peribronchial fibrosis in allergen-challenged MMP-9-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 291(2):L265-71. [PubMed: 16825657]  [MGI Ref ID J:144403]

Lindsey ML; Escobar GP; Dobrucki LW; Goshorn DK; Bouges S; Mingoia JT; McClister DM Jr; Su H; Gannon J; MacGillivray C; Lee RT; Sinusas AJ; Spinale FG. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene deletion facilitates angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290(1):H232-9. [PubMed: 16126817]  [MGI Ref ID J:104786]

Liu Z; Shipley JM; Vu TH; Zhou X; Diaz LA; Werb Z; Senior RM. 1998. Gelatinase B-deficient mice are resistant to experimental bullous pemphigoid. J Exp Med 188(3):475-82. [PubMed: 9687525]  [MGI Ref ID J:91478]

Liu Z; Zhou X; Shapiro SD; Shipley JM; Twining SS; Diaz LA; Senior RM; Werb Z. 2000. The serpin alpha1-proteinase inhibitor is a critical substrate for gelatinase B/MMP-9 in vivo. Cell 102(5):647-55. [PubMed: 11007483]  [MGI Ref ID J:64322]

Longo GM; Xiong W; Greiner TC; Zhao Y; Fiotti N; Baxter BT. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 work in concert to produce aortic aneurysms. J Clin Invest 110(5):625-32. [PubMed: 12208863]  [MGI Ref ID J:118409]

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Malik M; Bakshi CS; McCabe K; Catlett SV; Shah A; Singh R; Jackson PL; Gaggar A; Metzger DW; Melendez JA; Blalock JE; Sellati TJ. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity enhances host susceptibility to pulmonary infection with type A and B strains of Francisella tularensis. J Immunol 178(2):1013-20. [PubMed: 17202364]  [MGI Ref ID J:142623]

Martin MD; Carter KJ; Jean-Philippe SR; Chang M; Mobashery S; Thiolloy S; Lynch CC; Matrisian LM; Fingleton B. 2008. Effect of ablation or inhibition of stromal matrix metalloproteinase-9 on lung metastasis in a breast cancer model is dependent on genetic background. Cancer Res 68(15):6251-9. [PubMed: 18676849]  [MGI Ref ID J:140033]

Masson V; de la Ballina LR; Munaut C; Wielockx B; Jost M; Maillard C; Blacher S; Bajou K; Itoh T; Itohara S; Werb Z; Libert C; Foidart JM; Noel A. 2005. Contribution of host MMP-2 and MMP-9 to promote tumor vascularization and invasion of malignant keratinocytes. FASEB J 19(2):234-6. [PubMed: 15550552]  [MGI Ref ID J:105100]

McClellan SA; Huang X; Barrett RP; Lighvani S; Zhang Y; Richiert D; Hazlett LD. 2006. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Amplifies the Immune Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Corneal Infection. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47(1):256-64. [PubMed: 16384971]  [MGI Ref ID J:104273]

McMillan SJ; Kearley J; Campbell JD; Zhu XW; Larbi KY; Shipley JM; Senior RM; Nourshargh S; Lloyd CM. 2004. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency results in enhanced allergen-induced airway inflammation. J Immunol 172(4):2586-94. [PubMed: 14764732]  [MGI Ref ID J:88065]

Mohan R; Chintala SK; Jung JC; Villar WV; McCabe F; Russo LA; Lee Y; McCarthy BE; Wollenberg KR; Jester JV; Wang M; Welgus HG; Shipley JM; Senior RM; Fini ME. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase B (MMP-9) coordinates and effects epithelial regeneration. J Biol Chem 277(3):2065-72. [PubMed: 11689563]  [MGI Ref ID J:124833]

Nagy V; Bozdagi O; Matynia A; Balcerzyk M; Okulski P; Dzwonek J; Costa RM; Silva AJ; Kaczmarek L; Huntley GW. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is required for hippocampal late-phase long-term potentiation and memory. J Neurosci 26(7):1923-34. [PubMed: 16481424]  [MGI Ref ID J:105763]

Nicoud IB; Jones CM; Pierce JM; Earl TM; Matrisian LM; Chari RS; Gorden DL. 2007. Warm hepatic ischemia-reperfusion promotes growth of colorectal carcinoma micrometastases in mouse liver via matrix metalloproteinase-9 induction. Cancer Res 67(6):2720-8. [PubMed: 17363593]  [MGI Ref ID J:120314]

Nishikii H; Eto K; Tamura N; Hattori K; Heissig B; Kanaji T; Sawaguchi A; Goto S; Ware J; Nakauchi H. 2008. Metalloproteinase regulation improves in vitro generation of efficacious platelets from mouse embryonic stem cells. J Exp Med 205(8):1917-27. [PubMed: 18663123]  [MGI Ref ID J:138214]

Noble LJ; Donovan F; Igarashi T; Goussev S; Werb Z. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinases limit functional recovery after spinal cord injury by modulation of early vascular events. J Neurosci 22(17):7526-35. [PubMed: 12196576]  [MGI Ref ID J:124001]

Ortega N; Behonick DJ; Colnot C; Cooper DN; Werb Z. 2005. Galectin-3 is a downstream regulator of matrix metalloproteinase-9 function during endochondral bone formation. Mol Biol Cell 16(6):3028-39. [PubMed: 15800063]  [MGI Ref ID J:100747]

Ovechkin AV; Tyagi N; Rodriguez WE; Hayden MR; Moshal KS; Tyagi SC. 2005. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in endothelial apoptosis in chronic heart failure in mice. J Appl Physiol 99(6):2398-405. [PubMed: 16081621]  [MGI Ref ID J:116865]

Page K; Ledford JR; Zhou P; Wills-Karp M. 2009. A TLR2 agonist in German cockroach frass activates MMP-9 release and is protective against allergic inflammation in mice. J Immunol 183(5):3400-8. [PubMed: 19667087]  [MGI Ref ID J:151856]

Park SJ; Wiekowski MT; Lira SA; Mehrad B. 2006. Neutrophils regulate airway responses in a model of fungal allergic airways disease. J Immunol 176(4):2538-45. [PubMed: 16456015]  [MGI Ref ID J:129184]

Perez SE; Cano DA; Dao-Pick T; Rougier JP; Werb Z; Hebrok M. 2005. Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 are dispensable for pancreatic islet formation and function in vivo. Diabetes 54(3):694-701. [PubMed: 15734845]  [MGI Ref ID J:105134]

Pflugfelder SC; Farley W; Luo L; Chen LZ; de Paiva CS; Olmos LC; Li DQ; Fini ME. 2005. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 knockout confers resistance to corneal epithelial barrier disruption in experimental dry eye. Am J Pathol 166(1):61-71. [PubMed: 15632000]  [MGI Ref ID J:95266]

Pyo R; Lee JK; Shipley JM; Curci JA; Mao D; Ziporin SJ; Ennis TL; Shapiro SD; Senior RM; Thompson RW. 2000. Targeted gene disruption of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinase B) suppresses development of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms [see comments] J Clin Invest 105(11):1641-9. [PubMed: 10841523]  [MGI Ref ID J:62760]

Ratzinger G; Stoitzner P; Ebner S; Lutz MB; Layton GT; Rainer C; Senior RM; Shipley JM; Fritsch P; Schuler G; Romani N. 2002. Matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 2 are necessary for the migration of Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells from human and murine skin. J Immunol 168(9):4361-71. [PubMed: 11970978]  [MGI Ref ID J:76157]

Renckens R; Roelofs JJ; Florquin S; de Vos AF; Lijnen HR; van't Veer C; van der Poll T. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency impairs host defense against abdominal sepsis. J Immunol 176(6):3735-41. [PubMed: 16517742]  [MGI Ref ID J:129550]

Sabeh F; Li XY; Saunders TL; Rowe RG; Weiss SJ. 2009. Secreted versus membrane-anchored collagenases: relative roles in fibroblast-dependent collagenolysis and invasion. J Biol Chem 284(34):23001-11. [PubMed: 19542530]  [MGI Ref ID J:153449]

Senft AP; Korfhagen TR; Whitsett JA; Shapiro SD; LeVine AM. 2005. Surfactant protein-D regulates soluble CD14 through matrix metalloproteinase-12. J Immunol 174(8):4953-9. [PubMed: 15814723]  [MGI Ref ID J:98168]

Shubayev VI; Angert M; Dolkas J; Campana WM; Palenscar K; Myers RR. 2006. TNFalpha-induced MMP-9 promotes macrophage recruitment into injured peripheral nerve. Mol Cell Neurosci 31(3):407-15. [PubMed: 16297636]  [MGI Ref ID J:106877]

Stickens D; Behonick DJ; Ortega N; Heyer B; Hartenstein B; Yu Y; Fosang AJ; Schorpp-Kistner M; Angel P; Werb Z. 2004. Altered endochondral bone development in matrix metalloproteinase 13-deficient mice. Development 131(23):5883-95. [PubMed: 15539485]  [MGI Ref ID J:94460]

Stowe AM; Adair-Kirk TL; Gonzales ER; Perez RS; Shah AR; Park TS; Gidday JM. 2009. Neutrophil elastase and neurovascular injury following focal stroke and reperfusion. Neurobiol Dis 35(1):82-90. [PubMed: 19393318]  [MGI Ref ID J:150458]

Su J; Palen DI; Lucchesi PA; Matrougui K. 2006. Mice lacking the gene encoding for MMP-9 and resistance artery reactivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 349(4):1177-81. [PubMed: 16979597]  [MGI Ref ID J:113095]

Suzuki Y; Nagai N; Umemura K; Collen D; Lijnen HR. 2007. Stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) is critical for intracranial bleeding after t-PA treatment of stroke in mice. J Thromb Haemost 5(8):1732-9. [PubMed: 17596135]  [MGI Ref ID J:148570]

Svedin P; Hagberg H; Savman K; Zhu C; Mallard C. 2007. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene knock-out protects the immature brain after cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. J Neurosci 27(7):1511-8. [PubMed: 17301159]  [MGI Ref ID J:141740]

Takabayshi K; Corr M; Hayashi T; Redecke V; Beck L; Guiney D; Sheppard D; Raz E. 2006. Induction of a homeostatic circuit in lung tissue by microbial compounds. Immunity 24(4):475-87. [PubMed: 16618605]  [MGI Ref ID J:113350]

Taylor JL; Hattle JM; Dreitz SA; Troudt JM; Izzo LS; Basaraba RJ; Orme IM; Matrisian LM; Izzo AA. 2006. Role for Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 in Granuloma Formation during Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Infect Immun 74(11):6135-44. [PubMed: 16982845]  [MGI Ref ID J:113558]

Thiolloy S; Halpern J; Holt GE; Schwartz HS; Mundy GR; Matrisian LM; Lynch CC. 2009. Osteoclast-derived matrix metalloproteinase-7, but not matrix metalloproteinase-9, contributes to tumor-induced osteolysis. Cancer Res 69(16):6747-55. [PubMed: 19679556]  [MGI Ref ID J:151928]

Tian L; Stefanidakis M; Ning L; Van Lint P; Nyman-Huttunen H; Libert C; Itohara S; Mishina M; Rauvala H; Gahmberg CG. 2007. Activation of NMDA receptors promotes dendritic spine development through MMP-mediated ICAM-5 cleavage. J Cell Biol 178(4):687-700. [PubMed: 17682049]  [MGI Ref ID J:150623]

Tian W; Kyriakides TR. 2009. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency leads to prolonged foreign body response in the brain associated with increased IL-1beta levels and leakage of the blood-brain barrier. Matrix Biol 28(3):148-59. [PubMed: 19264129]  [MGI Ref ID J:148956]

Ulyanova T; Priestley GV; Banerjee ER; Papayannopoulou T. 2007. Unique and redundant roles of alpha4 and beta2 integrins in kinetics of recruitment of lymphoid vs myeloid cell subsets to the inflamed peritoneum revealed by studies of genetically deficient mice. Exp Hematol 35(8):1256-65. [PubMed: 17553614]  [MGI Ref ID J:126483]

Urbich C; Heeschen C; Aicher A; Sasaki K; Bruhl T; Farhadi MR; Vajkoczy P; Hofmann WK; Peters C; Pennacchio LA; Abolmaali ND; Chavakis E; Reinheckel T; Zeiher AM; Dimmeler S. 2005. Cathepsin L is required for endothelial progenitor cell-induced neovascularization. Nat Med 11(2):206-13. [PubMed: 15665831]  [MGI Ref ID J:99594]

Vaillant C; Meissirel C; Mutin M; Belin MF; Lund LR; Thomasset N. 2003. MMP-9 deficiency affects axonal outgrowth, migration, and apoptosis in the developing cerebellum. Mol Cell Neurosci 24(2):395-408. [PubMed: 14572461]  [MGI Ref ID J:126201]

Vermaelen KY; Cataldo D; Tournoy K; Maes T; Dhulst A; Louis R; Foidart JM; Noel A; Pauwels R. 2003. Matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated dendritic cell recruitment into the airways is a critical step in a mouse model of asthma. J Immunol 171(2):1016-22. [PubMed: 12847275]  [MGI Ref ID J:84293]

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Wang CH; Anderson N; Li SH; Szmitko PE; Cherng WJ; Fedak PW; Fazel S; Li RK; Yau TM; Weisel RD; Stanford WL; Verma S. 2006. Stem cell factor deficiency is vasculoprotective: unraveling a new therapeutic potential of imatinib mesylate. Circ Res 99(6):617-25. [PubMed: 16931795]  [MGI Ref ID J:125065]

Wang M; Qin X; Mudgett JS; Ferguson TA; Senior RM; Welgus HG. 1999. Matrix metalloproteinase deficiencies affect contact hypersensitivity: stromelysin-1 deficiency prevents the response and gelatinase B deficiency prolongs the response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(12):6885-9. [PubMed: 10359808]  [MGI Ref ID J:55723]

Wang P; Dai J; Bai F; Kong KF; Wong SJ; Montgomery RR; Madri JA; Fikrig E. 2008. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 facilitates West Nile virus entry into the brain. J Virol 82(18):8978-85. [PubMed: 18632868]  [MGI Ref ID J:153406]

Wang X; Jung J; Asahi M; Chwang W; Russo L; Moskowitz MA; Dixon CE; Fini ME; Lo EH. 2000. Effects of matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene knock-out on morphological and motor outcomes after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci 20(18):7037-42. [PubMed: 10995849]  [MGI Ref ID J:79422]

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Xiong W; Knispel R; MacTaggart J; Greiner TC; Weiss SJ; Baxter BT. 2009. Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase regulates macrophage-dependent elastolytic activity and aneurysm formation in vivo. J Biol Chem 284(3):1765-71. [PubMed: 19010778]  [MGI Ref ID J:145884]

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Yen JH; Khayrullina T; Ganea D. 2008. PGE2-induced metalloproteinase-9 is essential for dendritic cell migration. Blood 111(1):260-70. [PubMed: 17925490]  [MGI Ref ID J:130104]

Yepes M; Sandkvist M; Moore EG; Bugge TH; Strickland DK; Lawrence DA. 2003. Tissue-type plasminogen activator induces opening of the blood-brain barrier via the LDL receptor-related protein. J Clin Invest 112(10):1533-40. [PubMed: 14617754]  [MGI Ref ID J:119309]

Yin KJ; Cirrito JR; Yan P; Hu X; Xiao Q; Pan X; Bateman R; Song H; Hsu FF; Turk J; Xu J; Hsu CY; Mills JC; Holtzman DM; Lee JM. 2006. Matrix metalloproteinases expressed by astrocytes mediate extracellular amyloid-beta peptide catabolism. J Neurosci 26(43):10939-48. [PubMed: 17065436]  [MGI Ref ID J:114690]

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Health & husbandry

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Room Number           FGB29

Colony Maintenance

Breeding & Husbandry	This strain originated on a B6;129 background, was mated to Black Swiss mice for an unknown number of generations and crossed to FVB/N mice for five generations. It then was crossed to C57BL/6J mice for at least five generations. Coat color expected from breeding:nonagouti
Mating System	Homozygote x Homozygote         (Female x Male)   04-JUN-09
Diet Information	LabDiet® 5K52/5K67

Purchasing information

Pricing, Supply Level & Notes, Controls, General Terms & Conditions

Pricing

Supply Details

Standard Supply

Repository-Live. A collection of over 1000 strains maintained as live colonies. Individual colonies are sized to meet current customer demand. Delivery for orders of 10 mice or less ranges on average from one to eight weeks; mice are generally shipped between four to six weeks of age with a maximum shipping age of approximately nine weeks. Colony sizes do not generally support stringent age specifications for large volumes of mice; however custom orders and larger quantities of mice are easily arranged. Estimated ship dates for all orders provided within two business days following order placement.

Supply Notes

Usually shipped between four and eight weeks of age. This strain is included in the Induced Mutant Resource Colony collection.

Control Information

	Control
	000664 C57BL/6J
Considerations for Choosing Controls
USA, Canada and Mexico - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.
International - Control Pricing Information for Genetically Engineered Mutant Strains.

Payment Terms and Conditions

Terms are granted by individual review and stated on the customer invoice(s) and account statement. These transactions are payable in U.S. currency within the granted terms. Payment for services, products, shipping containers, and shipping costs that are rendered are expected within the payment terms indicated on the invoice or stated by contract. Invoices and account balances in arrears of stated terms may result in The Jackson Laboratory pursuing collection activities including but not limited to outside agencies and court filings.

See Terms of Use tab for General Terms and Conditions

The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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Ordering and Purchasing Information

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Contact Information
Orders & Technical Support
Tel: 1-800-422-6423 or 1-207-288-5845
Fax: 1-207-288-6150
Technical Support Email Form

Terms of Use

Terms of Use

General Terms and Conditions

Contact information

General inquiries

Contracts Administration

phone:	207-288-6470
fax:	207-288-6655

JAX^® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCTS" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or services provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE or PRODUCTS from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON's prior written authorization.

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of mice, products or services, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the mice or product received or the services provided.

No Liability

In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. In purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS or services from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE and PRODUCTS are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS or services may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and services by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or services by JACKSON.