Description

The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.

Strain Information

Type Mutant Stock; Targeted Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Species laboratory mouse   Donating Investigator Edward De Robertis,   University of California, Los Angeles

Description
Mice that are homozygous for the targeted mutation die at birth. They display an extensive array of head and neck congenital malformations simlar to the DiGeorge and Velo-Cardio-Facial syndromes. At low penetrance, they show early lethality and a ventralized gastrulation phenotype. No transcription was found by in situ hybridization of gastrulation phase embryos. Some heterozygotes display a circling behavior.

Development
A targeting vector was designed to introduce stop codons in the three possible reading frames of the gene at the unique SfiI site upstream of the cysteine repeat 1 (CR1) region. An IRES-lacZ-Neomycin cassette was placed immediately after CR1. The construct was electroporated into (129X1/SvJ x 129S1/Sv)F1- Kitl⁺-derived R1 embryonic stem (ES) cells. Resultant chimeric mice were bred to B6SJLF1/J mice for approximately 30 generations by the donating laboratory. The lacZ reporter is present, but is not functional.

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Related Disease (OMIM) Terms provided by MGI

	DiGeorge Syndrome; DGS - Models with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies are distinct.2
	Velocardiofacial Syndrome - Models with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies are distinct.2

2 Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of those genes do not appear in the mouse genotype(s).

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGI

      assigned by genotype

Chrd^tm1Emdr/Chrd^tm1Emdr

        either: B6SJL.129-Chrd^tm1Emdr or (involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J * SJL/J)

• mortality/aging
• complete embryonic lethality before turning of embryo
  • 12% of homozygous mutant embryos are resorbed at E8.5 (50 out of 57 expected)   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • no homozygotes with an abnormal allantois survive past E8.5   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• complete perinatal lethality
  • only 49% (95 out of 194) of homozygotes are recovered at birth   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • a few attempt, unsuccessfully, to inflate their lungs   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • most are still born due to cardio-respiratory failure   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• partial lethality throughout fetal growth and development
  • 86% of homozygotes are still alive at E14.5; however, a sharp increase in lethality is noted after E14.5   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• embryogenesis phenotype
• abnormal embryonic tissue morphology
  • at E8.5, 4 of 50 homozygotes display a reduced embryonic region, while the remaining 46 appear morphologically normal   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • abnormal branchial pouch morphology
    • at E9.5, the pharyngeal pouches are reduced to a single swelling in the anterior-most region   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • abnormal mesoderm development
    • at E8.5, 4 of 50 homozygotes show early ventralization of the mesoderm, with increased extraembryonic mesodermal cells noted in the allantois   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • • absent mesoderm
      • at E8.5, 4 of 50 homozygotes display absence of trunk mesoderm   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • abnormal neural plate morphology
    • at E8.5, 4 of 50 homozygotes exhibit a significantly hypoplastic and poorly differentiated neural plate   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent branchial arches
    • at E9.0, the second (hyoid) pharyngeal arch is absent   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
    • in addition, pharyngeal arches three to six fail to form   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent notochord
    • at E8.5, 4 of 50 homozygotes display absence of a notochord   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
    • homozygotes that die perinatally show absence of an anterior notochord at E14.5   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent somites
    • at E8.5, 4 of 50 homozygotes display absence of somites   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal extraembryonic tissue morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • enlarged allantois
    • at E8.5, 4 of 50 homozygotes display an enlarged allantois with an abundance of extraembryonic mesodermal cells   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal neural crest cell migration
  • at E10.5, homozygotes show absence of neural crest cell migration through the peripharyngeal region into the proximity of the heart, resulting in lack of outflow tract septation   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• decreased embryo size
  • at E8.5, 4 of 50 homozygotes display a reduced body size   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• craniofacial phenotype
• abnormal ear distance/ position
  • newborn homozygotes have external ears that are set abnormally close to the eyes   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal mandible morphology
  • newborn homozygotes lack the coronoid, condylar and angular processes   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • absent mandibular angle
    • newborn homozygotes lack the angular process   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent mandibular condyloid process
    • newborn homozygotes lack the condylar process   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent mandibular coronoid process
    • newborn homozygotes lack the coronoid process   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • short mandible
    • newborn homozygotes display an abnormally small jaw   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal secondary palate development
  • newborn homozygotes lack a secondary palate   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • palatal shelves fail to meet at midline
    • the palatal shelves fail to extend medially to form the secondary palate   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal squamosal bone morphology
  • newborn homozygotes lack the squama temporalis   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal zygomatic arch morphology
  • newborn homozygotes display a shorter zygomatic arch   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• absent branchial arches
  • at E9.0, the second (hyoid) pharyngeal arch is absent   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • in addition, pharyngeal arches three to six fail to form   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• cleft secondary palate   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • palatal shelves fail to meet at midline
    • the palatal shelves fail to extend medially to form the secondary palate   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• fusion of basioccipital and basisphenoid bone
  • newborn homozygotes display fused basioccipital and basisphenoid bones while the alisphenoid appears normal   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • at E14.5, the basioccipital and basisphenoid cartilages are fused; the ossification centre of the basioccipital is narrower and extends into the basisphenoid   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• hyoid bone hypoplasia
  • newborn homozygotes exhibit hyoid bone hypoplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• microcephaly
  • newborn homozygotes display microcephaly   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• presphenoid bone hypoplasia
  • newborn homozygotes display a hypoplastic presphenoid bone   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• small ears
  • newborn homozygotes exhibit small external ears   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• small temporal bone
  • newborn homozygotes a smaller temporal bone   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal artery morphology
  • at E14.5, homozygotes exhibit an enlarged anterior spinal artery   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • abnormal aortic arch morphology
    • at birth, part of the aortic arch is absent   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • • retroesophageal right subclavian artery
      • depending of the laterality of the descending aorta, the right or left subclavian arteries adopt an abnormal retrooesophageal position   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
    • right aortic arch
      • 40% of newborn homozygotes display an abnormal right-turning aortic arch; the descending aorta is placed on the right side of the esophagus and the left subclavian runs posterior to it   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • abnormal carotid artery morphology
    • in newborns, the common carotid arteries directly join the truncus arteriosus, resulting in the absence of the brachiocephalic artery and part of the aortic arch   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent pulmonary trunk
    • in newborns, the pulmonary arteries originate directly from the proximal truncus arteriosus, resulting in the absence of a common pulmonary trunk   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• heart right ventricle hypertrophy   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• hemorrhage
  • at E14.5, homozygotes exhibit severe hemorrhage   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• increased vasodilation   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• persistent truncus arteriosis
  • at E14.5, homozygotes exhibit persistent truncus arteriosus   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• skeleton phenotype
• abnormal laryngeal cartilage morphology
  • newborn homozygotes display reduced laryngeal cartilages   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology
    • newborn homozygotes exhibit cricoid cartilage hypoplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology
    • newborn homozygotes exhibit thyroid cartilage hypoplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal mandible morphology
  • newborn homozygotes lack the coronoid, condylar and angular processes   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • absent mandibular angle
    • newborn homozygotes lack the angular process   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent mandibular condyloid process
    • newborn homozygotes lack the condylar process   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent mandibular coronoid process
    • newborn homozygotes lack the coronoid process   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • short mandible
    • newborn homozygotes display an abnormally small jaw   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal squamosal bone morphology
  • newborn homozygotes lack the squama temporalis   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal thoracic vertebrae morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal vertebral arch development
  • at E14.5, homozygotes display underdeveloped vertebral neural arches   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal zygomatic arch morphology
  • newborn homozygotes display a shorter zygomatic arch   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• absent arcus anterior
  • newborn homozygotes lack the anterior arch of the atlas   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• fusion of basioccipital and basisphenoid bone
  • newborn homozygotes display fused basioccipital and basisphenoid bones while the alisphenoid appears normal   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • at E14.5, the basioccipital and basisphenoid cartilages are fused; the ossification centre of the basioccipital is narrower and extends into the basisphenoid   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• hyoid bone hypoplasia
  • newborn homozygotes exhibit hyoid bone hypoplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• presphenoid bone hypoplasia
  • newborn homozygotes display a hypoplastic presphenoid bone   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• small temporal bone
  • newborn homozygotes a smaller temporal bone   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• small vertebral body
  • newborn homozygotes exhibit reduced vertebral bodies, with delayed ossification and occasional loss of other elements of the vertebrae e.g. spinous processes, neural arches and the anterior arch of the atlas   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
• abnormal ear distance/ position
  • newborn homozygotes have external ears that are set abnormally close to the eyes   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal middle ear morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • abnormal tympanic ring morphology
    • newborn homozygotes display a malformed tympanic ring   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • • decreased tympanic ring size
      • newborn homozygotes display a reduced tympanic ring   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent auditory tube
    • at E14.5, homozygotes exhibit absence of the Eustachian tube   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• absent inner ear
  • newborn homozygotes exhibit hypoplasia/absence of the inner ear   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• small ears
  • newborn homozygotes exhibit small external ears   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• small otic capsule
  • newborn homozygotes display a malformed and reduced otic capsule   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• small otic vesicle
  • at E9.0, otic vesicles are reduced to half their normal diameter   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • a conspicuous indentation is noted in the neck region   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• abnormal thyroid gland morphology
  • newborn homozygotes exhibit a thyroid gland of irregular shape   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • thyroid hypoplasia
    • newborn homozygotes display thyroid hypoplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• absent parathyroid glands
  • newborn homozygotes lack parathyroid glands (derivatives of pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4)   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• nervous system phenotype
• abnormal cranial ganglia morphology
  • at E9.5, homozygotes display severe cranial sensory ganglia abnormalities, including loss of epibranchial placode-derived ganglia   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • abnormal trigeminal ganglion morphology
    • at E9.5, the trigeminal ganglia are deformed and displaced   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • abnormal vestibulocochlear ganglion morphology
    • at E9.5, the vestibulocochlear ganglia are deformed and displaced   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent nodose ganglion
    • at E9.5, the nodose ganglion is either extremely reduced or entirely absent   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • absent petrosal ganglion
    • at E9.5, the petrosal ganglion is either extremely reduced or entirely absent   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • small geniculate ganglion
    • at E9.5, the geniculate ganglion is either extremely reduced or entirely absent   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • small nodose ganglion
    • at E9.5, the nodose ganglion is either extremely reduced or entirely absent   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • small petrosal ganglion
    • at E9.5, the petrosal ganglion is either extremely reduced or entirely absent   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal neural plate morphology
  • at E8.5, 4 of 50 homozygotes exhibit a significantly hypoplastic and poorly differentiated neural plate   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• respiratory system phenotype
• abnormal laryngeal cartilage morphology
  • newborn homozygotes display reduced laryngeal cartilages   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • abnormal cricoid cartilage morphology
    • newborn homozygotes exhibit cricoid cartilage hypoplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • abnormal thyroid cartilage morphology
    • newborn homozygotes exhibit thyroid cartilage hypoplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• abnormal oropharynx morphology
  • newborn homozygotes exhibit malformations in the oropharynx region   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• small pharynx
  • at E14.5, homozygotes exhibit a significantly reduced pharynx   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
  • at E9.5, homozygotes display a reduction of pharyngeal endoderm   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• small trachea
  • newborn homozygotes display a reduced tracheal size   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• athymia
  • newborn homozygotes lack a thymus (a derivative of the third pharyngeal pouch)   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• cyanosis
  • newborn homozygotes appear cyanotic   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• hydrops fetalis
  • at E14.5, homozygotes exhibit severe edema   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• digestive/alimentary phenotype
• abnormal secondary palate development
  • newborn homozygotes lack a secondary palate   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • palatal shelves fail to meet at midline
    • the palatal shelves fail to extend medially to form the secondary palate   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• absent esophagus
  • newborn homozygotes lack an esophagus   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• cleft secondary palate   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• • palatal shelves fail to meet at midline
    • the palatal shelves fail to extend medially to form the secondary palate   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• growth/size phenotype
• decreased body size
  • newborn homozygotes are slightly smaller than wild-type littermates   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• decreased embryo size
  • at E8.5, 4 of 50 homozygotes display a reduced body size   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• immune system phenotype
• athymia
  • newborn homozygotes lack a thymus (a derivative of the third pharyngeal pouch)   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• muscle phenotype
• increased vasodilation   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)
• cellular phenotype
• abnormal neural crest cell migration
  • at E10.5, homozygotes show absence of neural crest cell migration through the peripharyngeal region into the proximity of the heart, resulting in lack of outflow tract septation   (MGI Ref ID J:83662)

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Chrd^tm1Emdr/Chrd^tm1Emdr

        involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J * SJL/J

• mortality/aging
• complete perinatal lethality
  • homozygotes are stillborn with normal early development and neural induction   (MGI Ref ID J:60303)
• embryogenesis phenotype
• abnormal branchial arch morphology
  • homozygotes display defects in pharyngeal organization   (MGI Ref ID J:60303)
• craniofacial phenotype
• abnormal branchial arch morphology
  • homozygotes display defects in pharyngeal organization   (MGI Ref ID J:60303)
• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal cardiovascular development
  • homozygotes display defects in cardiovascular organization   (MGI Ref ID J:60303)
• hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
• abnormal ear development
  • at E12.5, homozygotes exhibit abnormal inner and outer ear development   (MGI Ref ID J:60303)

Chrd^tm1Emdr/Chrd^tm1Emdr

        involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * ICR

• mortality/aging
• *normal* mortality/aging
  • mice are viable on this genetic background without the phenotypic abnormalities previously reported for Chrd^tm1Emdr homozygotes   (MGI Ref ID J:137629)
• renal/urinary system phenotype
• *normal* renal/urinary system phenotype
  • bladder neck-urethra angle is same as in wild-type embryos   (MGI Ref ID J:130204)
• reproductive system phenotype
• *normal* reproductive system phenotype
  • budding pattern of developing prostate is identical to wild-type embryos several days after initiation of prostatic budding   (MGI Ref ID J:130204)

Chrd^tm1Emdr/Chrd^tm1Emdr

        involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ

• mortality/aging
• partial perinatal lethality
  • about 50% of animals die perinatally   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)
• nervous system phenotype
• *normal* nervous system phenotype
  • at 2-3 months of age brains show normal gross hippocampal morphology as well as normal dendritic structure   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)
• • abnormal brain development
    • axon terminals at hippocampal synapses have more docked vesicles per active zone length than wild-type synapses   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)
  • abnormal miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents
    • frequency of mEPSCs in hippocampal slices is significantly increased compared to controls while amplitudes are similar   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)
  • enhanced long term potentiation
    • LTP induction is enhanced with high frequency stimulation of afferent fibers compared to wild-type controls   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)
  • enhanced paired-pulse facilitation
    • in mutant CA1 region hippocampal slices significantly enhanced paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) is observed compared to wild-type slices at interpulse intervals <100 ms   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)
  • increased neurotransmitter release   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)
• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal response to novel object
  • mice display lower sniffing behavior to a novel object placed inside their box during a 15 minute test   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)
• abnormal spatial learning
  • in Morris water maze mice display improved ability to find hidden platform using spatial cues and require less time to escape from water on second day of experiment; after 10 days of training wild-type and mutants show similar performance   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)
• decreased exploration in new environment
  • in Y-maze test mice enter formerly closed (novel) arm of maze less frequently than wild-type controls during recall trial (3 hours after acquisition phase)   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)
• hyperactivity
  • in center of open field mice exhibit hyperactivity and run faster than wild-type controls   (MGI Ref ID J:123318)

Chrd^tm1Emdr/Chrd^tm1Emdr

        129S6.129-Chrd^tm1Emdr

• craniofacial phenotype
• absent mandible
  • sometimes   (MGI Ref ID J:146769)
• short mandible
  • mandibular truncation with a penetrance of about 20%   (MGI Ref ID J:146769)
• skeleton phenotype
• absent mandible
  • sometimes   (MGI Ref ID J:146769)
• short mandible
  • mandibular truncation with a penetrance of about 20%   (MGI Ref ID J:146769)

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Developmental Biology Research
Craniofacial and Palate Defects
Perinatal Lethality

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI

Allele Symbol		Chrdtm1Emdr
Allele Name		targeted mutation 1, EM De Robertis
Allele Type		Targeted (Reporter)
Common Name(s)		ChdRV; Chrd-; Chrdtm1DR;
Mutation Made By		Edward De Robertis,   University of California, Los Angeles
Strain of Origin		(129X1/SvJ x 129S1/Sv)F1-Kitl<+>
ES Cell Line Name		R1
ES Cell Line Strain		(129X1/SvJ x 129S1/Sv)F1-Kitl<+>
Gene Symbol and Name		Chrd, chordin
Chromosome		16
Gene Common Name(s)		Chd;
Molecular Note		Stop codons are inserted into all three reading frames of the signal sequence followed by a frameshift and the insertion, after CR1, of IRES-lacZ and PGK-neo cassettes to further disrupt the gene. Gene transcripts were undetectable in "node stage" embryos. [MGI Ref ID J:60303] [MGI Ref ID J:83662]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References provided by MGI

Selected Reference(s)

Bachiller D; Klingensmith J; Shneyder N; Tran U; Anderson R; Rossant J; De Robertis EM. 2003. The role of chordin/Bmp signals in mammalian pharyngeal development and DiGeorge syndrome. Development 130(15):3567-78. [PubMed: 12810603]  [MGI Ref ID J:83662]

Additional References

Chrd^tm1Emdr related

Anderson RM; Lawrence AR; Stottmann RW; Bachiller D; Klingensmith J. 2002. Chordin and noggin promote organizing centers of forebrain development in the mouse. Development 129(21):4975-87. [PubMed: 12397106]  [MGI Ref ID J:79855]

Anderson RM; Stottmann RW; Choi M; Klingensmith J. 2006. Endogenous bone morphogenetic protein antagonists regulate mammalian neural crest generation and survival. Dev Dyn 235(9):2507-2520. [PubMed: 16894609]  [MGI Ref ID J:111609]

Bachiller D; Klingensmith J; Kemp C; Belo JA; Anderson RM; May SR; McMahon JA; McMahon AP; Harland RM; Rossant J; De Robertis EM. 2000. The organizer factors Chordin and Noggin are required for mouse forebrain development. Nature 403(6770):658-61. [PubMed: 10688202]  [MGI Ref ID J:60303]

Choi M; Klingensmith J. 2009. Chordin is a modifier of tbx1 for the craniofacial malformations of 22q11 deletion syndrome phenotypes in mouse. PLoS Genet 5(2):e1000395. [PubMed: 19247433]  [MGI Ref ID J:146769]

Cook C; Vezina CM; Allgeier SH; Shaw A; Yu M; Peterson RE; Bushman W. 2007. Noggin is required for normal lobe patterning and ductal budding in the mouse prostate. Dev Biol 312(1):217-30. [PubMed: 18028901]  [MGI Ref ID J:130204]

Delot EC; Shneyder N; Zhang H; Bachiller D. 2007. Abnormal venous and arterial patterning in chordin mutants. Dev Dyn 236(9):2586-93. [PubMed: 17685487]  [MGI Ref ID J:124180]

Mine N; Anderson RM; Klingensmith J. 2008. BMP antagonism is required in both the node and lateral plate mesoderm for mammalian left-right axis establishment. Development 135(14):2425-34. [PubMed: 18550712]  [MGI Ref ID J:137629]

Petryk A; Anderson RM; Jarcho MP; Leaf I; Carlson CS; Klingensmith J; Shawlot W; O'Connor MB. 2004. The mammalian twisted gastrulation gene functions in foregut and craniofacial development. Dev Biol 267(2):374-86. [PubMed: 15013800]  [MGI Ref ID J:88784]

Stottmann RW; Anderson RM; Klingensmith J. 2001. The BMP antagonists Chordin and Noggin have essential but redundant roles in mouse mandibular outgrowth. Dev Biol 240(2):457-73. [PubMed: 11784076]  [MGI Ref ID J:73669]

Sun M; Thomas MJ; Herder R; Bofenkamp ML; Selleck SB; O'Connor MB. 2007. Presynaptic contributions of chordin to hippocampal plasticity and spatial learning. J Neurosci 27(29):7740-50. [PubMed: 17634368]  [MGI Ref ID J:123318]

Yang YP; Anderson RM; Klingensmith J. 2010. BMP antagonism protects Nodal signaling in the gastrula to promote the tissue interactions underlying mammalian forebrain and craniofacial patterning. Hum Mol Genet 19(15):3030-42. [PubMed: 20508035]  [MGI Ref ID J:161524]

Zakin L; Chang EY; Plouhinec JL; De Robertis EM. 2010. Crossveinless-2 is required for the relocalization of Chordin protein within the vertebral field in mouse embryos. Dev Biol 347(1):204-15. [PubMed: 20807528]  [MGI Ref ID J:165712]

Zakin L; Metzinger CA; Chang EY; Coffinier C; De Robertis EM. 2008. Development of the vertebral morphogenetic field in the mouse: interactions between Crossveinless-2 and Twisted Gastrulation. Dev Biol 323(1):6-18. [PubMed: 18789316]  [MGI Ref ID J:141243]

Health & husbandry

The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.

Health & Colony Maintenance Information

Animal Health Reports

Production of mice from cryopreserved embryos or sperm occurs in a maximum barrier room, RG10/RG30.

Colony Maintenance

Breeding & Husbandry	When maintaining a live colony, these mice are bred as heterozygotes. Homozygotes have a perinatal lethal phenotype.

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• This strain is included in the Induced Mutant Resource Colony collection.

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The Jackson Laboratory's Genotype Promise

The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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Terms of Use

General Terms and Conditions

For Licensing and Use Restrictions view the link(s) below:
- Use of MICE by companies or for-profit entities requires a license prior to shipping.

Contact information

General inquiries

Contracts Administration

phone:	207-288-6470
fax:	207-288-6655

JAX^® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCTS" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or services provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE or PRODUCTS from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON's prior written authorization.

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of mice, products or services, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the mice or product received or the services provided.

No Liability

In no event shall JACKSON, its trustees, directors, officers, employees, and affiliates be liable for any causes of action or damages, including any direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages, arising out of the provision of MICE, PRODUCTS or services, including economic damage or injury to property and lost profits, and including any damage arising from acts or negligence on the part of JACKSON, its agents or employees. Unless prohibited by law, in purchasing or receiving MICE, PRODUCTS or services from JACKSON, purchaser or recipient, or any party claiming by or through them, expressly releases and discharges JACKSON from all such causes of action or damages, and further agrees to defend and indemnify JACKSON from any costs or damages arising out of any third party claims.

MICE and PRODUCTS are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS or services may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and services by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or services by JACKSON.