Description

The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.

Strain Information

Former Names B6.129P2-Ptprca Igh-Vtm1Mnz/J    (Changed: 11-JUL-07 ) Type Congenic; Mutant Strain; Targeted Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Additional information on Congenic nomenclature. Species laboratory mouse Generation N?pN1 Generation Definitions   Donating Investigator Michel Nussenzweig,   The Rockefeller University

Description
Mice homozygous for this targeted mutation are viable and fertile and do not display any gross physical or behavioral abnormalities. In combination with immunoglobulin lambda light chain, this heavy chain variable (V) region produces antibody that binds hapten NP (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl). A Trp to Leu point mutation at codon 33 results in a 40-fold increase in antigen binding affinity (B1-8^hi). Despite the significantly enhanced affinity for NP, there is only a 2-3 fold difference in the T-independent proliferative response of B cells that carry high or low affinity receptors. In T cell-dependent responses there is no difference in the ability of B1-8 high vs. B1-8 low affinity cells to enter germinal center reactions. However, high affinity B cells were recruited preferentially in response to both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent antigens. Expression has been verified by immunostaining cells that carry the mutation.

Development
PCR was used to introduce a point mutation conferring higher affinity 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)-binding to Igh (V_HB1-8): TGG->TTG (codon 33 Trp->Leu). A targeting vector incorporating a 5' floxed neomycin cassette in addition to the point mutation was transfected into 129P2/OlaHsd-derived E14 embryonic stem (ES) cells. Positive clones were injected into C57BL/6 blastocysts, and the resulting chimeric males were bred to C57BL/6 EIIA-Cre females to delete the neomycin gene, and leave a loxP site. Mice were backcrossed to C57BL/6 congenic background CD45.1 (Ptprc^a) mice for at least 12 generations by the donating laboratory.

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Igh^tm1Mnz allele

007775

CBy.129P2(B6)-Ightm1Mnz/J

View Strains carrying   Igh^tm1Mnz     (1 strain)

Strains carrying   Ptprc^a allele

008451	B6.129P(Cg)-Ptprca Cx3cr1tm1Litt/LittJ
006259	B6.Cg-Pepcb Ptprca Tg(UBC-scFv)2Nemz/J
013198	B6.Cg-Ptprca Mir223tm1Fcam/J
002014	B6.SJL-Ptprca Pepcb/BoyJ
018869	C.129S4(Cg)-Il13tm2.1Lky/J
006584	CBy.SJL(B6)-Ptprca/J

View Strains carrying   Ptprc^a     (6 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Igh

012642	B6.129P2(C)-Ightm2Cgn/J
007776	B6.129P2-Ightm2Mnz/J
001317	B6.Cg-Igha Thy1a Gpi1a/J
011074	C.129P2(B6)-Igktm1Rsky Ightm2Rsky/PldJ
012235	C.129P2(B6)-Igktm2Rsky Ightm2Rsky/J
008332	C.129S1-Ightm1(Myc)Janz/J
001109	C.AL-Igho/SmnJ
001107	C.BKa-Ighb/IcrSmnJ
004126	C.Cg-Cd19tm1(cre)Cgn Ighb/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Igh     (9 strains)

Strains carrying other alleles of Ptprc

007172	129S6.129X1(B6)-Ptprctm1Weis/J
002725	B6.129-Ptprctm1Holm/J
007171	B6.129X1-Ptprctm1Weis/J
017351	BKa.Cg-Ptprcb Bmi1tm1Ilw Thy1a/J
007687	BKa.Cg-Sox17tm1Sjm Ptprcb Thy1a/J
007686	BKa.Cg-Sox17tm2Sjm Ptprcb Thy1a/J
007173	C.129X1(B6)-Ptprctm1Weis/J
016091	C57BL/6-Ptprcltng/J
014149	NOD.B6-Ptprcb/6908MrkTacJ
005616	NOD.C-(Ptprc-D1Mit262)/WehiJ

View Strains carrying other alleles of Ptprc     (10 strains)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Related Disease (OMIM) Terms provided by MGI

- Potential model based on gene homology relationships. Phenotypic similarity to the human disease has not been tested. Hepatitis C Virus, Susceptibility to   (PTPRC) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, Autosomal Recessive, T Cell-Negative, B Cell-Positive, Nk Cell-Positive   (PTPRC)

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGI

      assigned by genotype

Igh^tm1Mnz/Igh^tm1Mnz

        B6.129P2-Igh^tm1Mnz

• immune system phenotype
• abnormal B cell physiology
  • some mutant B cells that express Ig lambda differentiate into short-lived plasmacytes in red pulp of lymphoid follicles; plasmacyte response is greater than in Igh^tm2Mnz cells or wild-type   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
  • fraction of mutant B cells differentiate into short lived germinal center (GC) cells; GC response is greater than in Igh^tm2Mnz cells   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
  • when equal numbers of Igh^tm1Mnz and Igh^tm2Mnz B cells are transferred to wild-type recipient mice, after immunization with NP-Ficoll, Igh^tm1Mnz B cells preferentially expand and proliferation to make up ~46% of Ig lambda B cells whereas Igh^tm2Mnz B cells are not expanded   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
  • after 5 days post immunization, 85% of plasmacytes and 60% of germinal center cells are Igh^tm1Mnz B cells (high affinity)   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
  • mutant B cells with high affinity for antigen are preferentially selected during early phase of T1-2 immune response, over mutant B cells with low affinity for antigen   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
• • increased B cell apoptosis
    • there are higher numbers of apoptotic mutant B cells than in wild-type or Igh^tm2Mnz B cells in spleens 3 and 5 days after immunization   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
  • increased B cell proliferation
    • mutant B cells in mice challenged with a T1-2 antigen (NP-Ficoll) undergo rapid proliferative expansion (from 3 to 25% of lymphocytes by 5 days after immunization   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
    • in immunized mice, on day 2 there is a much higher percentage of high-affinity B cells (58%) compared to wild-type cells (~3%)   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
  • increased IgG level
    • 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl-specific (NP) IgM antibody production is greater than in Igh^tm2Mnz B cells or wild-type   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
  • increased IgM level
    • NP-specific IgM antibody production is greater than in Igh^tm2Mnz B cells or wild-type   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
• cellular phenotype
• abnormal cell cycle
  • absolute number of cells in cell cycle is always higher than in Igh^tm2Mnz or wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
• increased B cell apoptosis
  • there are higher numbers of apoptotic mutant B cells than in wild-type or Igh^tm2Mnz B cells in spleens 3 and 5 days after immunization   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
• increased B cell proliferation
  • mutant B cells in mice challenged with a T1-2 antigen (NP-Ficoll) undergo rapid proliferative expansion (from 3 to 25% of lymphocytes by 5 days after immunization   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
  • in immunized mice, on day 2 there is a much higher percentage of high-affinity B cells (58%) compared to wild-type cells (~3%)   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• increased B cell proliferation
  • mutant B cells in mice challenged with a T1-2 antigen (NP-Ficoll) undergo rapid proliferative expansion (from 3 to 25% of lymphocytes by 5 days after immunization   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)
  • in immunized mice, on day 2 there is a much higher percentage of high-affinity B cells (58%) compared to wild-type cells (~3%)   (MGI Ref ID J:75653)

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Immunology, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI

Allele Symbol		Ightm1Mnz
Allele Name		targeted mutation 1, Michel C Nussenzweig
Allele Type		Targeted (knock-in)
Common Name(s)		B1-8hi;
Mutation Made By		Michel Nussenzweig,   The Rockefeller University
Strain of Origin		129P2/OlaHsd
ES Cell Line Name		E14
ES Cell Line Strain		129P2/OlaHsd
Promoter		Igh, immunoglobulin heavy chain complex, mouse, laboratory
Molecular Note		PCR was used to introduce a point mutation conferring higher affinity 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)-binding to Igh-V (VHB1-8): TGG->TTG (codon 33 Trp->Leu). A targeting vector incorporating a 5' floxed neomycin cassette in addition to the point mutation was transfected into 129P2/OlaHsd-derived E14 embryonic stem (ES) cells. [MGI Ref ID J:75653]
Allele Symbol		Ptprca
Allele Name		a variant
Allele Type		Not Applicable
Common Name(s)		CD45.1; Ly5a; PtprcSJL;
Gene Symbol and Name		Ptprc, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C
Chromosome		1
Gene Common Name(s)		B220; CD45; CD45 antigen; CD45R; Cd45; GP180; L-CA; LCA; LY5; Ly-5; Lyt-4; RT7; T-lymphocyte antigen 4; T200; lymphocyte antigen 5;
Molecular Note		Ptprca is found in strains SJL/J, STS/A, and DA. Ptprcb is found in strains C57BL/6, C3H/An, DBA/2, AKR, and many others (J:13367, J:12054, J:12077, J:8603). Twelve nucleotide differences between the a and b alleles have been identified. These base substitutions correspond to five amino-acid changes within the extracellular domain of the encoded protein. These amino-acid differences are clustered in a region that also contains the greatest divergence between mouse and rat sequences (J:22485). Note that the allele designations originally described were reversed in 1987 (J:8603); all publications prior to 1987 show SJL/J, STS/A, and DA as having the b allele and the C57BL/6J group as having the a allele (J:22341). [MGI Ref ID J:12548] [MGI Ref ID J:22485] [MGI Ref ID J:8080]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Igh^tm1Mnz, High Resolution Melting
Igh^tm1Mnz, Standard PCR

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References provided by MGI

Selected Reference(s)

Shih TA; Roederer M; Nussenzweig MC. 2002. Role of antigen receptor affinity in T cell-independent antibody responses in vivo. Nat Immunol 3(4):399-406. [PubMed: 11896394]  [MGI Ref ID J:75653]

Additional References

Igh^tm1Mnz related

Aiba Y; Kometani K; Hamadate M; Moriyama S; Sakaue-Sawano A; Tomura M; Luche H; Fehling HJ; Casellas R; Kanagawa O; Miyawaki A; Kurosaki T. 2010. Preferential localization of IgG memory B cells adjacent to contracted germinal centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(27):12192-7. [PubMed: 20547847]  [MGI Ref ID J:162089]

Cadera EJ; Wan F; Amin RH; Nolla H; Lenardo MJ; Schlissel MS. 2009. NF-kappaB activity marks cells engaged in receptor editing. J Exp Med 206(8):1803-16. [PubMed: 19581408]  [MGI Ref ID J:151490]

Chappell CP; Draves KE; Giltiay NV; Clark EA. 2012. Extrafollicular B cell activation by marginal zone dendritic cells drives T cell-dependent antibody responses. J Exp Med 209(10):1825-40. [PubMed: 22966002]  [MGI Ref ID J:191423]

Crouch EE; Li Z; Takizawa M; Fichtner-Feigl S; Gourzi P; Montano C; Feigenbaum L; Wilson P; Janz S; Papavasiliou FN; Casellas R. 2007. Regulation of AID expression in the immune response. J Exp Med 204(5):1145-56. [PubMed: 17452520]  [MGI Ref ID J:125740]

Dominguez-Sola D; Victora GD; Ying CY; Phan RT; Saito M; Nussenzweig MC; Dalla-Favera R. 2012. The proto-oncogene MYC is required for selection in the germinal center and cyclic reentry. Nat Immunol 13(11):1083-91. [PubMed: 23001145]  [MGI Ref ID J:188565]

Draghi NA; Denzin LK. 2010. H2-O, a MHC class II-like protein, sets a threshold for B-cell entry into germinal centers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(38):16607-12. [PubMed: 20807742]  [MGI Ref ID J:164357]

Kamphorst AO; Guermonprez P; Dudziak D; Nussenzweig MC. 2010. Route of antigen uptake differentially impacts presentation by dendritic cells and activated monocytes. J Immunol 185(6):3426-35. [PubMed: 20729332]  [MGI Ref ID J:163535]

King IL; Fortier A; Tighe M; Dibble J; Watts GF; Veerapen N; Haberman AM; Besra GS; Mohrs M; Brenner MB; Leadbetter EA. 2011. Invariant natural killer T cells direct B cell responses to cognate lipid antigen in an IL-21-dependent manner. Nat Immunol 13(1):44-50. [PubMed: 22120118]  [MGI Ref ID J:178990]

Kitano M; Moriyama S; Ando Y; Hikida M; Mori Y; Kurosaki T; Okada T. 2011. Bcl6 protein expression shapes pre-germinal center B cell dynamics and follicular helper T cell heterogeneity. Immunity 34(6):961-72. [PubMed: 21636294]  [MGI Ref ID J:174014]

Mohr E; Cunningham AF; Toellner KM; Bobat S; Coughlan RE; Bird RA; MacLennan IC; Serre K. 2010. IFN-{gamma} produced by CD8 T cells induces T-bet-dependent and -independent class switching in B cells in responses to alum-precipitated protein vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(40):17292-7. [PubMed: 20855629]  [MGI Ref ID J:165414]

Ouchida R; Kurosaki T; Wang JY. 2010. A role for lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 5 in the negative regulation of surface B cell receptor levels and B cell activation. J Immunol 185(1):294-301. [PubMed: 20519653]  [MGI Ref ID J:161622]

Reina-San-Martin B; Difilippantonio S; Hanitsch L; Masilamani RF; Nussenzweig A; Nussenzweig MC. 2003. H2AX is required for recombination between immunoglobulin switch regions but not for intra-switch region recombination or somatic hypermutation. J Exp Med 197(12):1767-78. [PubMed: 12810694]  [MGI Ref ID J:120658]

Robbiani DF; Bunting S; Feldhahn N; Bothmer A; Camps J; Deroubaix S; McBride KM; Klein IA; Stone G; Eisenreich TR; Ried T; Nussenzweig A; Nussenzweig MC. 2009. AID produces DNA double-strand breaks in non-Ig genes and mature B cell lymphomas with reciprocal chromosome translocations. Mol Cell 36(4):631-41. [PubMed: 19941823]  [MGI Ref ID J:154731]

Schwickert TA; Alabyev B; Manser T; Nussenzweig MC. 2009. Germinal center reutilization by newly activated B cells. J Exp Med 206(13):2907-14. [PubMed: 19934021]  [MGI Ref ID J:155831]

Serre K; Cunningham AF; Coughlan RE; Lino AC; Rot A; Hub E; Moser K; Manz R; Ferraro A; Bird R; Toellner KM; Demengeot J; MacLennan IC; Mohr E. 2012. CD8 T cells induce T-bet-dependent migration toward CXCR3 ligands by differentiated B cells produced during responses to alum-protein vaccines. Blood 120(23):4552-9. [PubMed: 23065152]  [MGI Ref ID J:190901]

Victora GD; Schwickert TA; Fooksman DR; Kamphorst AO; Meyer-Hermann M; Dustin ML; Nussenzweig MC. 2010. Germinal center dynamics revealed by multiphoton microscopy with a photoactivatable fluorescent reporter. Cell 143(4):592-605. [PubMed: 21074050]  [MGI Ref ID J:166836]

Ptprc^a related

Ashbaugh JJ; Brambilla R; Karmally SA; Cabello C; Malek TR; Bethea JR. 2013. IL7Ralpha Contributes to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Altered T Cell Responses and Nonhematopoietic Cell Lineages. J Immunol 190(9):4525-34. [PubMed: 23530149]  [MGI Ref ID J:195519]

Basu S; Ray A; Dittel BN. 2011. Cannabinoid receptor 2 is critical for the homing and retention of marginal zone B lineage cells and for efficient T-independent immune responses. J Immunol 187(11):5720-32. [PubMed: 22048769]  [MGI Ref ID J:179699]

Cho RH; Sieburg HB; Muller-Sieburg CE. 2008. A new mechanism for the aging of hematopoietic stem cells: aging changes the clonal composition of the stem cell compartment but not individual stem cells. Blood 111(12):5553-61. [PubMed: 18413859]  [MGI Ref ID J:162992]

Coleman MA; Bridge JA; Lane SW; Dixon CM; Hill GR; Wells JW; Thomas R; Steptoe RJ. 2013. Tolerance induction with gene-modified stem cells and immune-preserving conditioning in primed mice: restricting antigen to differentiated antigen-presenting cells permits efficacy. Blood 121(6):1049-58. [PubMed: 23233664]  [MGI Ref ID J:194614]

De Santo C; Arscott R; Booth S; Karydis I; Jones M; Asher R; Salio M; Middleton M; Cerundolo V. 2010. Invariant NKT cells modulate the suppressive activity of IL-10-secreting neutrophils differentiated with serum amyloid A. Nat Immunol 11(11):1039-46. [PubMed: 20890286]  [MGI Ref ID J:166540]

Del Cid N; Shen L; Belleisle J; Raghavan M. 2012. Assessment of roles for calreticulin in the cross-presentation of soluble and bead-associated antigens. PLoS One 7(7):e41727. [PubMed: 22848581]  [MGI Ref ID J:189698]

Ewald SJ; McKenzie IFC. 1979. Immunochemical characterization of the Ly-5 alloantigens on thymocytes. Immunogenetics 8:583-587.  [MGI Ref ID J:13367]

Gardam S; Turner VM; Anderton H; Limaye S; Basten A; Koentgen F; Vaux DL; Silke J; Brink R. 2011. Deletion of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in murine B lymphocytes constitutively activates cell survival pathways and inactivates the germinal center response. Blood 117(15):4041-51. [PubMed: 21300983]  [MGI Ref ID J:172843]

Gerloff J; Korshunov VA. 2012. Immune modulation of vascular resident cells by axl orchestrates carotid intima-media thickening. Am J Pathol 180(5):2134-43. [PubMed: 22538191]  [MGI Ref ID J:183990]

Glass AM; Wolf BJ; Schneider KM; Princiotta MF; Taffet SM. 2013. Connexin43 is dispensable for phagocytosis. J Immunol 190(9):4830-5. [PubMed: 23554311]  [MGI Ref ID J:195494]

Harp JA; Davis BS; Ewald SJ. 1984. Inhibition of T cell responses to alloantigens and polyclonal mitogens by Ly-5 antisera. J Immunol 133(1):10-5. [PubMed: 6233370]  [MGI Ref ID J:7453]

Held W; Clevers H; Grosschedl R. 2003. Redundant functions of TCF-1 and LEF-1 during T and NK cell development, but unique role of TCF-1 for Ly49 NK cell receptor acquisition. Eur J Immunol 33(5):1393-8. [PubMed: 12731066]  [MGI Ref ID J:85394]

Hirahara K; Ghoreschi K; Yang XP; Takahashi H; Laurence A; Vahedi G; Sciume G; Hall AO; Dupont CD; Francisco LM; Chen Q; Tanaka M; Kanno Y; Sun HW; Sharpe AH; Hunter CA; O'Shea JJ. 2012. Interleukin-27 priming of T cells controls IL-17 production in trans via induction of the ligand PD-L1. Immunity 36(6):1017-30. [PubMed: 22726954]  [MGI Ref ID J:187415]

Huber S; Hoffmann R; Muskens F; Voehringer D. 2010. Alternatively activated macrophages inhibit T-cell proliferation by Stat6-dependent expression of PD-L2. Blood 116(17):3311-20. [PubMed: 20625006]  [MGI Ref ID J:165869]

Iijima N; Mattei LM; Iwasaki A. 2011. Recruited inflammatory monocytes stimulate antiviral Th1 immunity in infected tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(1):284-9. [PubMed: 21173243]  [MGI Ref ID J:169008]

Janowska-Wieczorek A; Majka M; Kijowski J; Baj-Krzyworzeka M; Reca R; Turner AR; Ratajczak J; Emerson SG; Kowalska MA; Ratajczak MZ. 2001. Platelet-derived microparticles bind to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and enhance their engraftment. Blood 98(10):3143-9. [PubMed: 11698303]  [MGI Ref ID J:109863]

Jiang S; Alberich-Jorda M; Zagozdzon R; Parmar K; Fu Y; Mauch P; Banu N; Makriyannis A; Tenen DG; Avraham S; Groopman JE; Avraham HK. 2011. Cannabinoid receptor 2 and its agonists mediate hematopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell mobilization. Blood 117(3):827-38. [PubMed: 21063029]  [MGI Ref ID J:168507]

Kasai M; Leclerc JC; Shen FW; Cantor H. 1979. Identification of Ly 5 on the surface of `natural killer' cells in normal and athymic inbred mouse strains. Immunogenetics 8:153-159.  [MGI Ref ID J:12054]

Kitano M; Moriyama S; Ando Y; Hikida M; Mori Y; Kurosaki T; Okada T. 2011. Bcl6 protein expression shapes pre-germinal center B cell dynamics and follicular helper T cell heterogeneity. Immunity 34(6):961-72. [PubMed: 21636294]  [MGI Ref ID J:174014]

Komuro K ; Itakura K ; Boyse EA ; John M. 1975. Ly-5: a new lymphocyte antigen system. Immunogenetics 1:452-456.  [MGI Ref ID J:12077]

Leskov IL; Whitsett J; Vasquez-Vivar J; Stokes KY. 2011. NAD(P)H oxidase and eNOS play differential roles in cytomegalovirus infection-induced microvascular dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med 51(12):2300-8. [PubMed: 22033010]  [MGI Ref ID J:179407]

Masson F; Minnich M; Olshansky M; Bilic I; Mount AM; Kallies A; Speed TP; Busslinger M; Nutt SL; Belz GT. 2013. Id2-Mediated Inhibition of E2A Represses Memory CD8+ T Cell Differentiation. J Immunol 190(9):4585-94. [PubMed: 23536629]  [MGI Ref ID J:195516]

McAleer JP; Liu B; Li Z; Ngoi SM; Dai J; Oft M; Vella AT. 2010. Potent intestinal Th17 priming through peripheral lipopolysaccharide-based immunization. J Leukoc Biol 88(1):21-31. [PubMed: 20130220]  [MGI Ref ID J:162449]

McNally A; Hill GR; Sparwasser T; Thomas R; Steptoe RJ. 2011. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells control CD8+ T-cell effector differentiation by modulating IL-2 homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(18):7529-34. [PubMed: 21502514]  [MGI Ref ID J:172217]

Meisner JK; Song J; Price RJ. 2012. Arteriolar and venular remodeling are differentially regulated by bone marrow-derived cell-specific CX3CR1 and CCR2 expression. PLoS One 7(9):e46312. [PubMed: 23029475]  [MGI Ref ID J:191962]

Mobraaten LE. 1994. Ly5 gene nomenclature, C57BL/6J and SJL/J - A history of change JAX Notes Summer(458):2.  [MGI Ref ID J:22341]

Moebius J; van den Broek M; Groettrup M; Basler M. 2010. Immunoproteasomes are essential for survival and expansion of T cells in virus-infected mice. Eur J Immunol 40(12):3439-49. [PubMed: 21108466]  [MGI Ref ID J:174578]

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Muller AJ; Filipe-Santos O; Eberl G; Aebischer T; Spath GF; Bousso P. 2012. CD4+ T cells rely on a cytokine gradient to control intracellular pathogens beyond sites of antigen presentation. Immunity 37(1):147-57. [PubMed: 22727490]  [MGI Ref ID J:187413]

Nobrega C; Nunes-Alves C; Cerqueira-Rodrigues B; Roque S; Barreira-Silva P; Behar SM; Correia-Neves M. 2013. T cells home to the thymus and control infection. J Immunol 190(4):1646-58. [PubMed: 23315077]  [MGI Ref ID J:193323]

Pepper M; Pagan AJ; Igyarto BZ; Taylor JJ; Jenkins MK. 2011. Opposing signals from the bcl6 transcription factor and the interleukin-2 receptor generate T helper 1 central and effector memory cells. Immunity 35(4):583-95. [PubMed: 22018468]  [MGI Ref ID J:177635]

Pulliam-Leath AC; Ciccone SL; Nalepa G; Li X; Si Y; Miravalle L; Smith D; Yuan J; Li J; Anur P; Orazi A; Vance GH; Yang FC; Hanenberg H; Bagby GC; Clapp DW. 2010. Genetic disruption of both Fancc and Fancg in mice recapitulates the hematopoietic manifestations of Fanconi anemia. Blood 116(16):2915-20. [PubMed: 20606166]  [MGI Ref ID J:165874]

Raschke WC; Hendricks M; Chen CM. 1995. Genetic basis of antigenic differences between three alleles of Ly5 (CD45) in mice. Immunogenetics 41(2-3):144-7. [PubMed: 7806287]  [MGI Ref ID J:22485]

Robbins CS; Chudnovskiy A; Rauch PJ; Figueiredo JL; Iwamoto Y; Gorbatov R; Etzrodt M; Weber GF; Ueno T; van Rooijen N; Mulligan-Kehoe MJ; Libby P; Nahrendorf M; Pittet MJ; Weissleder R; Swirski FK. 2012. Extramedullary hematopoiesis generates Ly-6C(high) monocytes that infiltrate atherosclerotic lesions. Circulation 125(2):364-74. [PubMed: 22144566]  [MGI Ref ID J:193795]

Roman E; Shino H; Qin FX; Liu YJ. 2010. Cutting edge: Hematopoietic-derived APCs select regulatory T cells in thymus. J Immunol 185(7):3819-23. [PubMed: 20802149]  [MGI Ref ID J:164214]

Schluns KS; Williams K; Ma A; Zheng XX; Lefrancois L. 2002. Cutting edge: requirement for IL-15 in the generation of primary and memory antigen-specific CD8 T cells. J Immunol 168(10):4827-31. [PubMed: 11994430]  [MGI Ref ID J:109854]

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Shang X; Cancelas JA; Li L; Guo F; Liu W; Johnson JF; Ficker A; Daria D; Geiger H; Ratner N; Zheng Y. 2011. R-Ras and Rac GTPase cross-talk regulates hematopoietic progenitor cell migration, homing, and mobilization. J Biol Chem 286(27):24068-78. [PubMed: 21572048]  [MGI Ref ID J:175297]

Shen FW; Saga Y; Litman G; Freeman G; Tung JS; Cantor H; Boyse EA. 1985. Cloning of Ly-5 cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82(21):7360-3. [PubMed: 3864163]  [MGI Ref ID J:8080]

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Shulzhenko N; Morgun A; Matzinger P. 2009. Spontaneous mutation in the Cd79b gene leads to a block in B-lymphocyte development at the C' (early pre-B) stage. Genes Immun 10(8):722-6. [PubMed: 19727123]  [MGI Ref ID J:157450]

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The Jackson Laboratory has rigorous genetic quality control and mutant gene genotyping programs to ensure the genetic background of JAX^® Mice strains as well as the genotypes of strains with identified molecular mutations. JAX^® Mice strains are only made available to researchers after meeting our standards. However, the phenotype of each strain may not be fully characterized and/or captured in the strain data sheets. Therefore, we cannot guarantee a strain's phenotype will meet all expectations. To ensure that JAX^® Mice will meet the needs of individual research projects or when requesting a strain that is new to your research, we suggest ordering and performing tests on a small number of mice to determine suitability for your particular project.

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JAX^® Mice, Products & Services Conditions of Use

"MICE" means mouse strains, their progeny derived by inbreeding or crossbreeding, unmodified derivatives from mouse strains or their progeny supplied by The Jackson Laboratory ("JACKSON"). "PRODUCTS" means biological materials supplied by JACKSON, and their derivatives. "RECIPIENT" means each recipient of MICE, PRODUCTS, or services provided by JACKSON including each institution, its employees and other researchers under its control. MICE or PRODUCTS shall not be: (i) used for any purpose other than the internal research, (ii) sold or otherwise provided to any third party for any use, or (iii) provided to any agent or other third party to provide breeding or other services. Acceptance of MICE or PRODUCTS from JACKSON shall be deemed as agreement by RECIPIENT to these conditions, and departure from these conditions requires JACKSON's prior written authorization.

In case of dissatisfaction for a valid reason and claimed in writing by a purchaser within ninety (90) days of receipt of mice, products or services, JACKSON will, at its option, provide credit or replacement for the mice or product received or the services provided.

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MICE and PRODUCTS are to be used in a safe manner and in accordance with all applicable governmental rules and regulations.

The foregoing represents the General Terms and Conditions applicable to JACKSON’s MICE, PRODUCTS or services. In addition, special terms and conditions of sale of certain MICE, PRODUCTS or services may be set forth separately in JACKSON web pages, catalogs, price lists, contracts, and/or other documents, and these special terms and conditions shall also govern the sale of these MICE, PRODUCTS and services by JACKSON, and by its licensees and distributors.

Acceptance of delivery of MICE, PRODUCTS or services shall be deemed agreement to these terms and conditions. No purchase order or other document transmitted by purchaser or recipient that may modify the terms and conditions hereof, shall be in any way binding on JACKSON, and instead the terms and conditions set forth herein, including any special terms and conditions set forth separately, shall govern the sale of MICE, PRODUCTS or services by JACKSON.