Description

The genotypes of the animals provided may not reflect those discussed in the strain description or the mating scheme utilized by The Jackson Laboratory prior to cryopreservation. Please inquire for possible genotypes for this specific strain.

Strain Information

Former Names 129S4-Krastm4Tyj/J    (Changed: 02-APR-08 ) Type Coisogenic; Targeted Mutation; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Species laboratory mouse   Donating Investigator Dr. Tyler Jacks,   Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Description
This strain carries a point mutation (G12D) whose expression is blocked by the presence of a loxP-flanked stop codon. Homozygotes die in utero. Cre-mediated recombination can excise the stop codon and permit the oncogenic protein to be expressed. Intranasal infection with an adenovirus encoding Cre results in a very high frequency of lung tumors and permits controlled timing of tumor initiation and tumor multiplicity. This strain may be useful in studies of cancer and development.

When bred to a strain expressing Cre recombinase under the control of a tetracycline-responsive promoter element and a strain expressing a tetracycline-controlled activator protein in lung epithelial cells (see Stock No. 006234 and 006235 respectively), this mutant mouse strain may be useful in studies of lung development.

When bred to a strain expressing Cre recombinase in the male germ line (see Stock No. 003328, 007252 for example), this mutant mouse strain may be useful in studies of embryonic development.

When bred to a strain expressing interferon inducible Cre recombinase (see Stock No. 003556, 005673 for example), this mutant mouse strain may be useful in studies of Ras and myeloproliferative disease.

When bred to a strain expressing Cre recombinase in mammary gland, skin, and other secretory glands (see Stock No. 003553 for example), this mutant mouse strain may be useful in studies of epithelial hyperplasias.

When bred to a strain expressing Cre recombinase in epiblast derived tissues (see Stock No. 003755 for example), this mutant mouse strain may be useful in studies of Ras and embryonic development.

When bred to a strain expressing tamoxifen inducible Cre recombinase (see Stock No. 008463 for example), this mutant mouse strain may be useful in studies of tumorigenesis in the colon.

When bred to a strain expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase in melanocytes (see Stock No. 012328 for example), this mutant mouse strain may be useful in studies of melanomagenesis.

When bred to a strain expressing Cre recombinase in astrocytes (see Stock No. 012887 for example), this mutant mouse strain may be useful in studies of neurofibroma development.

Development
A targeting vector was designed to place a G12D point mutation in exon 1 of the gene and a loxP-flanked STOP element in intron 1, upstream of the mutation. The STOP element incorporates a PGK-puromycin selection cassette at the 5' end in an opposite directional orientation. An adenoviral strong splice acceptor, typically used in gene trap vectors, is fused upstream of the his3 stuffer fragment to prevent splicing around the stopper (in the case that transcription isn't completely silenced). A mutant splice donor site is on the 3' end and a tetrameric tandem array of SV40 PolyA. The stopper was designed to fit into genomic Sal1 or Xho1 sites. The stop cassette prevents the expression of mutant Kras until it is removed by Cre mediated recombination of the loxP sites, thus allowing expression of oncogenic Kras. The construct was electroporated into 129S4/SvJae-derived J1 embryonic stem (ES) cells. This strain was crossed to 129S4/SvJae for more than 10 generations by the donating laboratory which verified correct orientation by Southern assays involving 5' and 3' external and internal probes.

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Kras^tm4Tyj allele

008179

B6.129S4-Krastm4Tyj/J

View Strains carrying   Kras^tm4Tyj     (1 strain)

Strains carrying other alleles of Kras

002674	129-Krastm1Tyj/J
008185	129S/Sv-Krastm3Tyj/J
008653	B6;129-Krastm5Tyj/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Kras     (3 strains)

Additional Web Information

Introduction to Cre-lox technology

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Related Disease (OMIM) Terms

Related Disease (OMIM) Terms provided by MGI

- Model with phenotypic similarity to human disease where etiologies involve orthologs. Human genes are associated with this disease. Orthologs of those genes appear in the mouse genotype(s).

Pancreatic Cancer

Models with phenotypic similarity to human diseases where etiology is unknown or involving genes where ortholog is unknown.

Endometriosis, Susceptibility to, 1

- Potential model based on gene homology relationships. Phenotypic similarity to the human disease has not been tested. Bladder Cancer   (KRAS) Breast Cancer   (KRAS) Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome   (KRAS) Gastric Cancer, Hereditary Diffuse; HDGC   (KRAS) Lung Cancer   (KRAS) Noonan Syndrome 3; NS3   (KRAS) Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims Syndrome; SFM   (KRAS)

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGI

      assigned by genotype

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺

        either: (involves: 129S4/SvJae) or (involves: 129S4/SvJae * C3H/HeJ)   (conditional)

• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• abnormal ovary morphology
  • after ovarian intrabursal injection of an adenovirus expressing Cre, mutants develop benign ovarian endometriosis-like lesions, however no invasive ovarian tumors are seen up to 10 months following adenoviral injection   (MGI Ref ID J:96296)
• growth/size phenotype
• abnormal peritoneum morphology
  • 47% of mutants develop peritoneal endometriosis following ovarian intrabursal injection of an adenovirus expressing Cre   (MGI Ref ID J:96296)
  • however, mice injected with adenovirus expressing Cre directly into the peritoneum do not develop peritoneal endometriosis   (MGI Ref ID J:96296)
• reproductive system phenotype
• abnormal ovary morphology
  • after ovarian intrabursal injection of an adenovirus expressing Cre, mutants develop benign ovarian endometriosis-like lesions, however no invasive ovarian tumors are seen up to 10 months following adenoviral injection   (MGI Ref ID J:96296)

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺

        involves: 129S4/SvJae

• tumorigenesis
• increased lung tumor incidence
  • treatment with adenoviral Cre to induce oncogenic Kras expression results in lung tumor development, but causes a lower tumor burden and decreased overall tumor area compared to induced mutants on a Spry2-null background   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺

        involves: 129S4/SvJae   (conditional)

• mortality/aging
• premature death
  • median life span of cre adenovirus-treated mice is 32 weeks   (MGI Ref ID J:147590)
• tumorigenesis
• altered tumor morphology
  • tumors from cre adenovirus-treated mice exhibit increased cell proliferation compared to in tumors from Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Rbl2^tm2Tyj/Rbl2^tm2Tyj mice   (MGI Ref ID J:147590)
• • decreased tumor growth/size
    • cre adenovirus-treated mice develop smaller tumors than in cre adenovirus-treated Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Rbl2^tm2Tyj/Rbl2^tm2Tyj mice   (MGI Ref ID J:147590)
• increased lung tumor incidence
  • mice treated with adenovirus cre develop lung lesions in 4 to 6 months   (MGI Ref ID J:147590)
  • cre adenovirus-treated mice develop lung adenocarcinomas, papillary adenomas and bronchiolar hyperplasia and dysplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:147590)
  • cre adenovirus-treated mice develop fewer tumors than in Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Rb1^tm3Tyj/Rb1^tm3Tyj mice   (MGI Ref ID J:147590)
  • large tumors easily visible on the surface of the lungs at eight weeks after Cre-adenovirus treatment   (MGI Ref ID J:158937)
• • increased lung adenoma incidence
    • presence of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia after Cre-adenovirus treatment   (MGI Ref ID J:158937)
  • lung carcinoma
    • the most common lesion is adenocarcinoma after Cre-adenovirus treatment   (MGI Ref ID J:158937)
  • • lung adenocarcinoma
      • in cre adenovirus-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:147590)
• respiratory system phenotype
• abnormal bronchiole morphology
  • cre adenovirus-treated mice develop bronchiolar hyperplasia and dysplasia unlike wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:147590)
• • bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia
    • in cre adenovirus-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:147590)
• lung epithelium hyperplasia
  • presence of epithelial hyperplasia after Cre-adenovirus treatment   (MGI Ref ID J:158937)
• thick pulmonary interalveolar septum
  • in cre adenovirus-treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:147590)
• immune system phenotype
• increased regulatory T cell number
  • following injection of a cre adenovirus in the ovarian bursa, mice with endometriosis also exhibit an increase in spleen and regional lymph nodes T regulatory cells compared with un-injected Kras^tm4Tyj Tg(MUC1)79.24Gend mice   (MGI Ref ID J:154046)
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• increased regulatory T cell number
  • following injection of a cre adenovirus in the ovarian bursa, mice with endometriosis also exhibit an increase in spleen and regional lymph nodes T regulatory cells compared with un-injected Kras^tm4Tyj Tg(MUC1)79.24Gend mice   (MGI Ref ID J:154046)
• reproductive system phenotype
• uterus adenomyosis
  • following injection of a cre adenovirus in the ovarian bursa, mice develop ovarian lesions consisting of endometrial glandular epithelium unlike un-injected Kras^tm4Tyj micefollowing injection of a cre adenovirus in the ovarian bursa, mice develop ovarian lesions consisting of endometrial glandular epithelium unlike un-injected Kras^tm4Tyj mice   (MGI Ref ID J:154046)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺

        B6.129S4-Kras^tm4Tyj   (conditional)

• mortality/aging
• premature death
  • mutants with an intranasal instillation of an adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase have a median survival of 79 days   (MGI Ref ID J:177379)
• tumorigenesis
• increased lung adenoma incidence
  • mutants with an intranasal instillation of an adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase develop noninvasive adenoma and adenocarcinoma over a 6-10 week period, characterized by epithelial cell proliferation without destruction of alveolar walls or stromal reaction   (MGI Ref ID J:177379)
• lung adenocarcinoma
  • mutants with an intranasal instillation of an adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase develop noninvasive adenoma and adenocarcinoma over a 6-10 week period, characterized by epithelial cell proliferation without destruction of alveolar walls or stromal reaction   (MGI Ref ID J:177379)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras^tm4Tyj

        B6.129S4-Kras^tm4Tyj   (conditional)

• cellular phenotype
• increased cell proliferation
  • primary mouse embryonic fibroblast treated with adenoviral-cre exhibit enhanced growth rate compared with wild-type cells   (MGI Ref ID J:187371)

The following phenotype relates to a compound genotype created using this strain.
Contact JAX^® Services jaxservices@jax.org for customized breeding options.

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Lyz2^tm1(cre)Ifo/Lyz2⁺

        involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129S4/SvJae   (conditional)

• mortality/aging
• complete postnatal lethality
  • the maximum survival is 24 days   (MGI Ref ID J:158937)
• respiratory system phenotype
• increased lung weight
  • lung weight is 10-fold higher than that in control mice at 3 weeks old   (MGI Ref ID J:158937)
• tumorigenesis
• increased lung tumor incidence   (MGI Ref ID J:158937)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Tg(Alb-cre)21Mgn/0

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * DBA   (conditional)

• tumorigenesis
• increased cholangiocarcinoma incidence
  • mutants develop invasive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with low penetrance (1 of 8 mutants) and long latency (at 36 weeks of age)   (MGI Ref ID J:184949)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Tg(Fabp1-cre)1Jig/0

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * FVB/N   (conditional)

• digestive/alimentary phenotype
• abnormal colon morphology
  • diffuse hyperplasia and dysplasia of the colonic crypts is seen by 4 weeks of age   (MGI Ref ID J:89333)
  • increased proliferation of the hyperplastic and dysplastic colonic epithelium is seen in mutants   (MGI Ref ID J:89333)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Tg(Gfap-cre)77.6Mvs/0

        involves: 129 * BALB/c * C57BL/6NHsd   (conditional)

• tumorigenesis
• *normal* tumorigenesis
  • mutants do not develop tumors   (MGI Ref ID J:154673)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Tg(IVL-cre/ERT2)1Blpn/0

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6   (conditional)

• tumorigenesis
• increased facial tumor incidence
  • 2-4 months following tamoxifen treatment, tumors develop in the face in 40% of treated mutants   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• • lip tumor
    • 100% of animals develop lip tumors 2-4 months after tamoxifen treatment   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• increased skin tumor incidence
  • 2-4 months following RU486 treatment, tumors develop in the back skin in 80% of treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• • skin papilloma
    • tumors have hallmarks of benign papillomas with signs of squamous differentiation   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
    • no animals develop invasive carcinoma within 4 months of tamoxifen treatment   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• integument phenotype
• increased skin tumor incidence
  • 2-4 months following RU486 treatment, tumors develop in the back skin in 80% of treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• • skin papilloma
    • tumors have hallmarks of benign papillomas with signs of squamous differentiation   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
    • no animals develop invasive carcinoma within 4 months of tamoxifen treatment   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• thick epidermis
  • after tamoxifen treatment, hyperthickening of the interfollicular epidermis (IFE) is observed, indicating that hyperproliferation of IFE cells and hyperplasia of the IFE results from Kras LSL-G12D activation   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Tg(Ipf1-cre)6Tuv/0

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * FVB/N   (conditional)

• tumorigenesis
• pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia   (MGI Ref ID J:98936)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Tg(Ipf1-cre)6Tuv/?

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * FVB/N   (conditional)

• tumorigenesis
• pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
  • transitions of epithelium from cuboid to columnar as early as 2 weeks   (MGI Ref ID J:87973)
  • number and extent of lesions increases with age   (MGI Ref ID J:87973)
  • by 7-10 months occasional animals with invasive and metastatic adenocarcinomas   (MGI Ref ID J:87973)
  • lesions eventually found in liver diaphragm and lungs   (MGI Ref ID J:87973)
• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• enlarged pancreas   (MGI Ref ID J:87973)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Tg(Krt1-15-cre/PGR)22Cot/0

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6 * SJL   (conditional)

• tumorigenesis
• increased facial tumor incidence
  • 2-4 months following RU486 treatment, tumors develop in the face in 35% of treated mutants   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• • lip tumor
    • 2-4 months following RU486 treatment, lip tumors develop in 57% of treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• increased skin tumor incidence
  • 2-4 months following RU486 treatment, tumors develop in the back skin in 14% of treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• • skin papilloma
    • skin tumors are benign papillomas with no sign of malignant transformtion seen up to 4 months after treatment with RU486   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
    • double mutants not treated with tamoxifen develop some papillomas but with increased latency (>6 months)   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• integument phenotype
• increased skin tumor incidence
  • 2-4 months following RU486 treatment, tumors develop in the back skin in 14% of treated mice   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
• • skin papilloma
    • skin tumors are benign papillomas with no sign of malignant transformtion seen up to 4 months after treatment with RU486   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)
    • double mutants not treated with tamoxifen develop some papillomas but with increased latency (>6 months)   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Tg(MMTV-cre)4Mam/0

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * FVB   (conditional)

• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• submandibular gland hyperplasia
  • submandibular gland hyperplasia is seen in mutant mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89333)
• digestive/alimentary phenotype
• submandibular gland hyperplasia
  • submandibular gland hyperplasia is seen in mutant mice   (MGI Ref ID J:89333)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Tg(Mx1-cre)1Cgn/?

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * BALB/c * C57BL/6 * CBA   (conditional)

• mortality/aging
• premature death
  • survival for around 35 days after pI-pC treatment   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
  • survival of around 58 days even without pI-pC treatment   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
• tumorigenesis
• T cell derived lymphoma
  • thymic T-cell lymphomas   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
• increased lung adenoma incidence
  • nodules in lungs   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
• increased papilloma incidence
  • squamous papillomas   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
• growth/size phenotype
• cachexia
  • becoming emaciated   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• abnormal hematopoiesis
  • develop lethal hematopoietic disease   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
• • abnormal erythrocyte morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
  • • decreased hematocrit
      • average hematocrit of 27%   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
  • extramedullary hematopoiesis
    • expansion of red pulp in spleen by granulocyte/monocyte lineages in 11 out of 16 cases   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
    • erythroid expansion was seen in red pulp of spleen in 5 of 16 cases   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
  • increased leukocyte cell number
    • leukocytosis, usually involving increases in granulocytes   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
  • myeloid hyperplasia
    • myeloproliferative phenotype   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
    • myeloid hyperplasia of bone marrow   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
• immune system phenotype
• increased leukocyte cell number
  • leukocytosis, usually involving increases in granulocytes   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
• myeloid hyperplasia
  • myeloproliferative phenotype   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
  • myeloid hyperplasia of bone marrow   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
• liver/biliary system phenotype
• abnormal hepatobiliary system morphology
  • perivascular and periportal infiltration in liver by myeloid and erythroid cells similar to what is seen in spleen   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)
• integument phenotype
• ruffled hair
  • ruffled fur   (MGI Ref ID J:88163)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Tg(Tyr-cre/ERT2)13Bos/0

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * FVB   (conditional)

• tumorigenesis
• increased melanoma incidence
  • 1 in 14 tamoxifen treated mice develops melanoma with a median tumor latency greater than 52 weeks   (MGI Ref ID J:164588)
• pigmentation phenotype
• abnormal melanocyte morphology
  • tamoxifen-treated mice exhibit melanocytic proliferation unlike wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:164588)
• hyperpigmentation
  • tamoxifen-treated mice develop pigmented macules in the paws and tail unlike wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:164588)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras^tm4Tyj Tg(SFTPC-rtTA)5Jaw/0 Tg(tetO-cre)1Jaw/0

        involves: 129/Sv * C57BL/6   (conditional)

• mortality/aging
• complete postnatal lethality
  • death in the early postnatal period   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• respiratory system phenotype
• abnormal branching involved in lung morphogenesis
  • with doxycycline treatment beginning at E6.5, a dramatic lung branching defect is observed   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
  • at E16.5, lungs show even more severe defects than in Kras:Meox2-cre embryos, with large epithelial-lined pouches in place of finely branched network of airways seen in wild-type   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
  • branching defect persists through late gestation leading to early postnatal lethality   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• abnormal lung epithelium morphology
  • branching defect originates in epithelium rather than mesenchyme   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• • abnormal bronchus epithelium morphology
    • markers of ciliated and Clara cells in the bronchi are significantly reduced at E18.5 compared to controls, indicating block in differentiation of lung epithelium   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras^tm4Tyj Tg(Tek-cre)12Flv/0

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * C3H * C57BL/6   (conditional)

• embryogenesis phenotype
• *normal* embryogenesis phenotype
  • mutants show normal vascularization of the yolk sac and placental labyrinth   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Gt(ROSA)26Sor^{tm1(cre/ERT2)Tyj}/Gt(ROSA)26Sor⁺

        involves: 129S4/SvJae   (conditional)

• digestive/alimentary phenotype
• abnormal intestinal epithelium morphology
  • adult mice develop widespread hyperplasia throughout the colonic epithelium   (MGI Ref ID J:132357)
• • abnormal intestinal goblet cell morphology
    • large, prominent goblet cells develop in the colon in adult mice   (MGI Ref ID J:132357)
  • abnormal large intestine crypts of Lieberkuhn morphology
    • hyperplasia is typified by lengthening of the crypts in adult mice   (MGI Ref ID J:132357)
• endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
• abnormal large intestine crypts of Lieberkuhn morphology
  • hyperplasia is typified by lengthening of the crypts in adult mice   (MGI Ref ID J:132357)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Meox2^tm1(cre)Sor/Meox2⁺

        involves: 129S4/SvJae * 129S4/SvJaeSor   (conditional)

• mortality/aging
• complete lethality throughout fetal growth and development
  • homozygous embryos die by E14.5   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• partial embryonic lethality during organogenesis
  • embryos are recovered at a lower frequency (15% vs expected 25%) at E13.5   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• embryogenesis phenotype
• *normal* embryogenesis phenotype
  • mutants show normal vascularization of the yolk sac and placental labyrinth   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• • abnormal embryonic erythropoiesis
    • fetal-derived hematopoietic progenitors form larger CFU-E (colony-forming unit-erythroid) and BFU-E (burst-forming unit-erythroid) colonies compared with controls   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
  • • abnormal embryonic erythrocyte morphology
      • red blood cells appear immature compared to wild-type and occasionally highly atypical, consisten with a block in erythroid differentiation   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal atrioventricular valve morphology
  • atrioventricular valve malformations   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• abnormal cardiovascular system physiology
  • heart defects lead to heart failure and death in embryos by ~E14.5   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• • hemorrhage
    • embryos appear normal at E12.5, but rapidly develop peripheral hemorrhages by E13.5, consistent with heart failure   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• conotruncal ridge hyperplasia
  • excess cushion tissue often leads to obstructed outflow tract   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• double outlet right ventricle
  • at E13.5, embryos frequently show double outlet right ventricle   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• ventricular septal defect
  • all embryonic hearts have prominent septal defects   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• hematopoietic system phenotype
• abnormal embryonic erythropoiesis
  • fetal-derived hematopoietic progenitors form larger CFU-E (colony-forming unit-erythroid) and BFU-E (burst-forming unit-erythroid) colonies compared with controls   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• • abnormal embryonic erythrocyte morphology
    • red blood cells appear immature compared to wild-type and occasionally highly atypical, consisten with a block in erythroid differentiation   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• respiratory system phenotype
• abnormal branching involved in lung morphogenesis
  • defects in lung branching are apparent by E11.5 compared to controls in vivo and in cultured lungs   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
  • decrease in branching is associated with formation of large, fluid-filled sacs rather than normal terminal branches   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• • impaired branching involved in bronchus morphogenesis
    • at E12.5, mutant lungs exhibit large dilated bronchi whereas wild-type lungs show secondary and tertiary bronchi   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
    • at E14.5, mutants lungs display dilated bronchi and only a few terminal bronchi   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
  • impaired branching involved in terminal bronchiole morphogenesis
    • at E14.5, mutants lungs display only a few terminal bronchioles   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• abnormal bronchus morphology
  • at E12.5, lungs exhibit large dilated bronchi; defect is more pronounced at E14.5   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• • impaired branching involved in bronchus morphogenesis
    • at E12.5, mutant lungs exhibit large dilated bronchi whereas wild-type lungs show secondary and tertiary bronchi   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
    • at E14.5, mutants lungs display dilated bronchi and only a few terminal bronchi   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• dilated respiratory conducting tubes
  • at E12.5, lungs exhibit large dilated bronchi; defect is more pronounced at E14.5   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• liver/biliary system phenotype
• increased hepatocyte apoptosis
  • at E12.5 fetal livers show large areas of apoptosis   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• liver hypoplasia
  • at E12.5, fetal livers appear hypocellular   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• edema
  • embryos appear normal at E12.5, but rapidly develop edema by E13.5, consistent with heart failure   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• integument phenotype
• pallor
  • embryos appear normal at E12.5, but rapidly develop pallor by E13.5, consistent with heart failure   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)
• cellular phenotype
• increased hepatocyte apoptosis
  • at E12.5 fetal livers show large areas of apoptosis   (MGI Ref ID J:119477)

Kras^tm4Tyj/Kras⁺ Shh^{tm2(cre/ERT2)Cjt}/Shh⁺

        involves: 129S2/SvPas * 129S4/SvJae   (conditional)

• integument phenotype
• *normal* integument phenotype
  • no epidermal defects or tumor formation are observed with tamoxifen treatment at day 28 (during period of up to 4 months after cre induction) when hair follicles are in full anlagen   (MGI Ref ID J:172048)

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Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Cancer Research
Increased Tumor Incidence
      Other Tissues/Organs
      Other Tissues/Organs: lung

Developmental Biology Research
Embryonic Lethality (Homozygous)

Research Tools
Cre-lox System
      loxP-flanked Sequences

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI

Allele Symbol		Krastm4Tyj
Allele Name		targeted mutation 4, Tyler Jacks
Allele Type		Targeted (Floxed/Frt)
Common Name(s)		K-Ras(G12D)fl; K-RasG12D; K-rasLSL; KR; Kras2tm4Tyj; Kras2tm14Tyj; KrasG12D; KrasLSL-G12D; KrasLox; LSL-K-ras G12D; LSL-K-rasG12D; LSL-Kras G12D; LSL-KrasG12D; LSL-KrasG12D; caKRas;
Mutation Made By		Dr. Tyler Jacks,   Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Strain of Origin		129S4/SvJae
ES Cell Line Strain		129
Gene Symbol and Name		Kras, v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
Chromosome		6
Gene Common Name(s)		AI929937; C-K-RAS; K-RAS2A; K-RAS2B; K-RAS4A; K-RAS4B; K-ras; KI-RAS; KRAS1; KRAS2; Kirsten rat sarcoma oncogene 2, expressed; Kras-2; Kras2; NS; NS3; RASK2; c-Ki-ras; expressed sequence AI929937; p21;
General Note		Phenotypic Similarity to Human Syndrome: Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (J:184949). Phenotypic Similarity to Human Syndrome: Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) J:186144 Phenotypic Similarity to Human Syndrome: Granulosa cell tumor of the testis (GCTT) J:186144
Molecular Note		By homologous recombination in ES cells, the Kras2 locus was targeted with a cassette containing an oncogenic form of the KRAS2 protein in which the glycine at position 12 had been substituted with a an aspartic acid. A loxP flanked stop codon was included upstream of the inserted Kras2 sequence, such that the mutant transcript would be expressed only after cre-mediated recombination. [MGI Ref ID J:73445]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Kras^tm4Tyj, Separated PCR
Kras^tm4Tyj, Standard PCR

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References provided by MGI

Selected Reference(s)

Jackson EL; Willis N; Mercer K; Bronson RT; Crowley D; Montoya R; Jacks T; Tuveson DA. 2001. Analysis of lung tumor initiation and progression using conditional expression of oncogenic K-ras. Genes Dev 15(24):3243-8. [PubMed: 11751630]  [MGI Ref ID J:73445]

Additional References

Kras^tm4Tyj related

Acin S; Li Z; Mejia O; Roop DR; El-Naggar AK; Caulin C. 2011. Gain-of-function mutant p53 but not p53 deletion promotes head and neck cancer progression in response to oncogenic K-ras. J Pathol 225(4):479-89. [PubMed: 21952947]  [MGI Ref ID J:177463]

Aguirre AJ; Bardeesy N; Sinha M; Lopez L; Tuveson DA; Horner J; Redston MS; DePinho RA. 2003. Activated Kras and Ink4a/Arf deficiency cooperate to produce metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Genes Dev 17(24):3112-26. [PubMed: 14681207]  [MGI Ref ID J:87196]

Ahmad I; Singh LB; Foth M; Morris CA; Taketo MM; Wu XR; Leung HY; Sansom OJ; Iwata T. 2011. K-Ras and {beta}-catenin mutations cooperate with Fgfr3 mutations in mice to promote tumorigenesis in the skin and lung, but not in the bladder. Dis Model Mech 4(4):548-55. [PubMed: 21504907]  [MGI Ref ID J:174242]

Ahn YH; Yang Y; Gibbons DL; Creighton CJ; Yang F; Wistuba II; Lin W; Thilaganathan N; Alvarez CA; Roybal J; Goldsmith EJ; Tournier C; Kurie JM. 2011. Map2k4 functions as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma and inhibits tumor cell invasion by decreasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 expression. Mol Cell Biol 31(21):4270-85. [PubMed: 21896780]  [MGI Ref ID J:178325]

Aichler M; Seiler C; Tost M; Siveke J; Mazur PK; Da Silva-Buttkus P; Bartsch DK; Langer P; Chiblak S; Durr A; Hofler H; Kloppel G; Muller-Decker K; Brielmeier M; Esposito I. 2012. Origin of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from atypical flat lesions: a comparative study in transgenic mice and human tissues. J Pathol 226(5):723-34. [PubMed: 21984419]  [MGI Ref ID J:183335]

Andreadi C; Cheung LK; Giblett S; Patel B; Jin H; Mercer K; Kamata T; Lee P; Williams A; McMahon M; Marais R; Pritchard C. 2012. The intermediate-activity L597VBRAF mutant acts as an epistatic modifier of oncogenic RAS by enhancing signaling through the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. Genes Dev 26(17):1945-58. [PubMed: 22892241]  [MGI Ref ID J:187371]

Ardito CM; Gruner BM; Takeuchi KK; Lubeseder-Martellato C; Teichmann N; Mazur PK; Delgiorno KE; Carpenter ES; Halbrook CJ; Hall JC; Pal D; Briel T; Herner A; Trajkovic-Arsic M; Sipos B; Liou GY; Storz P; Murray NR; Threadgill DW; Sibilia M; Washington MK; Wilson CL; Schmid RM; Raines EW; Crawford HC; Siveke JT. 2012. EGF receptor is required for KRAS-induced pancreatic tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 22(3):304-17. [PubMed: 22975374]  [MGI Ref ID J:190126]

Avila JL; Troutman S; Durham A; Kissil JL. 2012. Notch1 is not required for acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in a model of Kras-induced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 7(12):e52133. [PubMed: 23284900]  [MGI Ref ID J:195622]

Badea CT; Athreya KK; Espinosa G; Clark D; Ghafoori AP; Li Y; Kirsch DG; Johnson GA; Annapragada A; Ghaghada KB. 2012. Computed tomography imaging of primary lung cancer in mice using a liposomal-iodinated contrast agent. PLoS One 7(4):e34496. [PubMed: 22485175]  [MGI Ref ID J:187115]

Baek ST; Tallquist MD. 2012. Nf1 limits epicardial derivative expansion by regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition and proliferation. Development 139(11):2040-9. [PubMed: 22535408]  [MGI Ref ID J:183991]

Bai H; Li H; Zhang W; Matkowskyj KA; Liao J; Srivastava SK; Yang GY. 2011. Inhibition of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) by capsaicin in LSL-KrasG12D/Pdx1-Cre mice. Carcinogenesis 32(11):1689-96. [PubMed: 21859833]  [MGI Ref ID J:177398]

Bardeesy N; Aguirre AJ; Chu GC; Cheng KH; Lopez LV; Hezel AF; Feng B; Brennan C; Weissleder R; Mahmood U; Hanahan D; Redston MS; Chin L; Depinho RA. 2006. Both p16(Ink4a) and the p19(Arf)-p53 pathway constrain progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(15):5947-52. [PubMed: 16585505]  [MGI Ref ID J:108298]

Bardeesy N; Cheng KH; Berger JH; Chu GC; Pahler J; Olson P; Hezel AF; Horner J; Lauwers GY; Hanahan D; DePinho RA. 2006. Smad4 is dispensable for normal pancreas development yet critical in progression and tumor biology of pancreas cancer. Genes Dev 20(22):3130-46. [PubMed: 17114584]  [MGI Ref ID J:116130]

Basseres DS; Ebbs A; Levantini E; Baldwin AS. 2010. Requirement of the NF-kappaB subunit p65/RelA for K-Ras-induced lung tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 70(9):3537-46. [PubMed: 20406971]  [MGI Ref ID J:159456]

Bayne LJ; Beatty GL; Jhala N; Clark CE; Rhim AD; Stanger BZ; Vonderheide RH. 2012. Tumor-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor regulates myeloid inflammation and T cell immunity in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell 21(6):822-35. [PubMed: 22698406]  [MGI Ref ID J:189283]

Beilke S; Oswald F; Genze F; Wirth T; Adler G; Wagner M. 2010. The zinc-finger protein KCMF1 is overexpressed during pancreatic cancer development and downregulation of KCMF1 inhibits pancreatic cancer development in mice. Oncogene 29(28):4058-67. [PubMed: 20473331]  [MGI Ref ID J:162125]

Bennecke M; Kriegl L; Bajbouj M; Retzlaff K; Robine S; Jung A; Arkan MC; Kirchner T; Greten FR. 2010. Ink4a/Arf and oncogene-induced senescence prevent tumor progression during alternative colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 18(2):135-46. [PubMed: 20708155]  [MGI Ref ID J:163673]

Besmer DM; Curry JM; Roy LD; Tinder TL; Sahraei M; Schettini J; Hwang SI; Lee YY; Gendler SJ; Mukherjee P. 2011. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma mice lacking mucin 1 have a profound defect in tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Res 71(13):4432-42. [PubMed: 21558393]  [MGI Ref ID J:173616]

Borczuk AC; Sole M; Lu P; Chen J; Wilgus ML; Friedman RA; Albelda SM; Powell CA. 2011. Progression of Human Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma to Invasive Adenocarcinoma Is Modeled in a Transgenic Mouse Model of K-ras-Induced Lung Cancer by Loss of the TGF-beta Type II Receptor. Cancer Res 71(21):6665-75. [PubMed: 21911454]  [MGI Ref ID J:177379]

Bornstein S; White R; Malkoski S; Oka M; Han G; Cleaver T; Reh D; Andersen P; Gross N; Olson S; Deng C; Lu SL; Wang XJ. 2009. Smad4 loss in mice causes spontaneous head and neck cancer with increased genomic instability and inflammation. J Clin Invest 119(11):3408-19. [PubMed: 19841536]  [MGI Ref ID J:154600]

Brady CA; Jiang D; Mello SS; Johnson TM; Jarvis LA; Kozak MM; Kenzelmann Broz D; Basak S; Park EJ; McLaughlin ME; Karnezis AN; Attardi LD. 2011. Distinct p53 transcriptional programs dictate acute DNA-damage responses and tumor suppression. Cell 145(4):571-83. [PubMed: 21565614]  [MGI Ref ID J:173395]

Braun BS; Archard JA; Van Ziffle JA; Tuveson DA; Jacks TE; Shannon K. 2006. Somatic activation of a conditional KrasG12D allele causes ineffective erythropoiesis in vivo. Blood 108(6):2041-4. [PubMed: 16720837]  [MGI Ref ID J:115071]

Braun BS; Tuveson DA; Kong N; Le DT; Kogan SC; Rozmus J; Le Beau MM; Jacks TE; Shannon KM. 2004. Somatic activation of oncogenic Kras in hematopoietic cells initiates a rapidly fatal myeloproliferative disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(2):597-602. [PubMed: 14699048]  [MGI Ref ID J:87429]

Budiu RA; Diaconu I; Chrissluis R; Dricu A; Edwards RP; Vlad AM. 2009. A conditional mouse model for human MUC1-positive endometriosis shows the presence of anti-MUC1 antibodies and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Dis Model Mech 2(11-12):593-603. [PubMed: 19841240]  [MGI Ref ID J:154046]

Cai H; Memarzadeh S; Stoyanova T; Beharry Z; Kraft AS; Witte ON. 2012. Collaboration of Kras and androgen receptor signaling stimulates EZH2 expression and tumor-propagating cells in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 72(18):4672-81. [PubMed: 22805308]  [MGI Ref ID J:191340]

Cai Z; Feng GS; Zhang X. 2010. Temporal requirement of the protein TyrosinePhosphatase Shp2 in establishing the neuronal fatein early retinal development. J Neurosci 30(11):4110-9. [PubMed: 20237281]  [MGI Ref ID J:159104]

Calcagno SR; Li S; Colon M; Kreinest PA; Thompson EA; Fields AP; Murray NR. 2008. Oncogenic K-ras promotes early carcinogenesis in the mouse proximal colon. Int J Cancer 122(11):2462-70. [PubMed: 18271008]  [MGI Ref ID J:135568]

Caldwell ME; DeNicola GM; Martins CP; Jacobetz MA; Maitra A; Hruban RH; Tuveson DA. 2012. Cellular features of senescence during the evolution of human and murine ductal pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 31(12):1599-608. [PubMed: 21860420]  [MGI Ref ID J:186145]

Carretero J; Shimamura T; Rikova K; Jackson AL; Wilkerson MD; Borgman CL; Buttarazzi MS; Sanofsky BA; McNamara KL; Brandstetter KA; Walton ZE; Gu TL; Silva JC; Crosby K; Shapiro GI; Maira SM; Ji H; Castrillon DH; Kim CF; Garcia-Echeverria C; Bardeesy N; Sharpless NE; Hayes ND; Kim WY; Engelman JA; Wong KK. 2010. Integrative genomic and proteomic analyses identify targets for Lkb1-deficient metastatic lung tumors. Cancer Cell 17(6):547-59. [PubMed: 20541700]  [MGI Ref ID J:160885]

Carriere C; Seeley ES; Goetze T; Longnecker DS; Korc M. 2007. The Nestin progenitor lineage is the compartment of origin for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(11):4437-42. [PubMed: 17360542]  [MGI Ref ID J:120054]

Carriere C; Young AL; Gunn JR; Longnecker DS; Korc M. 2011. Acute pancreatitis accelerates initiation and progression to pancreatic cancer in mice expressing oncogenic Kras in the nestin cell lineage. PLoS One 6(11):e27725. [PubMed: 22140463]  [MGI Ref ID J:181133]

Carriere C; Young AL; Gunn JR; Longnecker DS; Korc M. 2009. Acute pancreatitis markedly accelerates pancreatic cancer progression in mice expressing oncogenic Kras. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 382(3):561-5. [PubMed: 19292977]  [MGI Ref ID J:147870]

Caulin C; Nguyen T; Lang GA; Goepfert TM; Brinkley BR; Cai WW; Lozano G; Roop DR. 2007. An inducible mouse model for skin cancer reveals distinct roles for gain- and loss-of-function p53 mutations. J Clin Invest 117(7):1893-901. [PubMed: 17607363]  [MGI Ref ID J:124222]

Caulin C; Nguyen T; Longley MA; Zhou Z; Wang XJ; Roop DR. 2004. Inducible activation of oncogenic K-ras results in tumor formation in the oral cavity. Cancer Res 64(15):5054-8. [PubMed: 15289303]  [MGI Ref ID J:91877]

Cellurale C; Girnius N; Jiang F; Cavanagh-Kyros J; Lu S; Garlick DS; Mercurio AM; Davis RJ. 2012. Role of JNK in mammary gland development and breast cancer. Cancer Res 72(2):472-81. [PubMed: 22127926]  [MGI Ref ID J:181146]

Cellurale C; Sabio G; Kennedy NJ; Das M; Barlow M; Sandy P; Jacks T; Davis RJ. 2011. Requirement of c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase for Ras-Initiated Tumor Formation. Mol Cell Biol 31(7):1565-76. [PubMed: 21282468]  [MGI Ref ID J:170101]

Chan G; Cheung LS; Yang W; Milyavsky M; Sanders AD; Gu S; Hong WX; Liu AX; Wang X; Barbara M; Sharma T; Gavin J; Kutok JL; Iscove NN; Shannon KM; Dick JE; Neel BG; Braun BS. 2011. Essential role for Ptpn11 in survival of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Blood 117(16):4253-61. [PubMed: 21398220]  [MGI Ref ID J:173832]

Chan IS; Guy CD; Chen Y; Lu J; Swiderska-Syn M; Michelotti GA; Karaca G; Xie G; Kruger L; Syn WK; Anderson BR; Pereira TA; Choi SS; Baldwin AS; Diehl AM. 2012. Paracrine Hedgehog signaling drives metabolic changes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 72(24):6344-50. [PubMed: 23066040]  [MGI Ref ID J:193639]

Chan IT; Kutok JL; Williams IR; Cohen S; Kelly L; Shigematsu H; Johnson L; Akashi K; Tuveson DA; Jacks T; Gilliland DG. 2004. Conditional expression of oncogenic K-ras from its endogenous promoter induces a myeloproliferative disease. J Clin Invest 113(4):528-38. [PubMed: 14966562]  [MGI Ref ID J:88163]

Chan IT; Kutok JL; Williams IR; Cohen S; Moore S; Shigematsu H; Ley TJ; Akashi K; Le Beau MM; Gilliland DG. 2006. Oncogenic K-ras cooperates with PML-RAR alpha to induce an acute promyelocytic leukemia-like disease. Blood 108(5):1708-15. [PubMed: 16675706]  [MGI Ref ID J:115068]

Charles RP; Iezza G; Amendola E; Dankort D; McMahon M. 2011. Mutationally Activated BRAFV600E Elicits Papillary Thyroid Cancer in the Adult Mouse. Cancer Res 71(11):3863-71. [PubMed: 21512141]  [MGI Ref ID J:172205]

Chen L; Park SM; Tumanov AV; Hau A; Sawada K; Feig C; Turner JR; Fu YX; Romero IL; Lengyel E; Peter ME. 2010. CD95 promotes tumour growth. Nature 465(7297):492-6. [PubMed: 20505730]  [MGI Ref ID J:161953]

Chen Z; Cheng K; Walton Z; Wang Y; Ebi H; Shimamura T; Liu Y; Tupper T; Ouyang J; Li J; Gao P; Woo MS; Xu C; Yanagita M; Altabef A; Wang S; Lee C; Nakada Y; Pena CG; Sun Y; Franchetti Y; Yao C; Saur A; Cameron MD; Nishino M; Hayes DN; Wilkerson MD; Roberts PJ; Lee CB; Bardeesy N; Butaney M; Chirieac LR; Costa DB; Jackman D; Sharpless NE; Castrillon DH; Demetri GD; Janne PA; Pandolfi PP; Cantley LC; Kung AL; Engelman JA; Wong KK. 2012. A murine lung cancer co-clinical trial identifies genetic modifiers of therapeutic response. Nature 483(7391):613-7. [PubMed: 22425996]  [MGI Ref ID J:182575]

Cheung AF; Dupage MJ; Dong HK; Chen J; Jacks T. 2008. Regulated expression of a tumor-associated antigen reveals multiple levels of T-cell tolerance in a mouse model of lung cancer. Cancer Res 68(22):9459-68. [PubMed: 19010921]  [MGI Ref ID J:141383]

Chiang MY; Xu L; Shestova O; Histen G; L'heureux S; Romany C; Childs ME; Gimotty PA; Aster JC; Pear WS. 2008. Leukemia-associated NOTCH1 alleles are weak tumor initiators but accelerate K-ras-initiated leukemia. J Clin Invest 118(9):3181-94. [PubMed: 18677410]  [MGI Ref ID J:142160]

Chiao PJ; Ling J. 2011. Kras, Pten, NF-kappaB, and inflammation: dangerous liaisons. Cancer Discov 1(2):103-5. [PubMed: 22586351]  [MGI Ref ID J:193072]

Cho HC; Lai CY; Shao LE; Yu J. 2011. Identification of Tumorigenic Cells in KrasG12D-Induced Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 71(23):7250-8. [PubMed: 22088965]  [MGI Ref ID J:178608]

Chugh R; Sangwan V; Patil SP; Dudeja V; Dawra RK; Banerjee S; Schumacher RJ; Blazar BR; Georg GI; Vickers SM; Saluja AK. 2012. A preclinical evaluation of minnelide as a therapeutic agent against pancreatic cancer. Sci Transl Med 4(156):156ra139. [PubMed: 23076356]  [MGI Ref ID J:189216]

Clark CE; Hingorani SR; Mick R; Combs C; Tuveson DA; Vonderheide RH. 2007. Dynamics of the immune reaction to pancreatic cancer from inception to invasion. Cancer Res 67(19):9518-27. [PubMed: 17909062]  [MGI Ref ID J:125575]

Clark PE; Polosukhina D; Love H; Correa H; Coffin C; Perlman EJ; de Caestecker M; Moses HL; Zent R. 2011. beta-Catenin and K-RAS synergize to form primitive renal epithelial tumors with features of epithelial Wilms' tumors. Am J Pathol 179(6):3045-55. [PubMed: 21983638]  [MGI Ref ID J:180084]

Collins MA; Brisset JC; Zhang Y; Bednar F; Pierre J; Heist KA; Galban CJ; Galban S; di Magliano MP. 2012. Metastatic pancreatic cancer is dependent on oncogenic Kras in mice. PLoS One 7(12):e49707. [PubMed: 23226501]  [MGI Ref ID J:195686]

Collisson EA; Trejo CL; Silva JM; Gu S; Korkola JE; Heiser LM; Charles RP; Rabinovich BA; Hann B; Dankort D; Spellman PT; Phillips WA; Gray JW; McMahon M. 2012. A central role for RAF-->MEK-->ERK signaling in the genesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov 2(8):685-93. [PubMed: 22628411]  [MGI Ref ID J:193065]

Colvin EK; Susanto JM; Kench JG; Ong VN; Mawson A; Pinese M; Chang DK; Rooman I; O'Toole SA; Segara D; Musgrove EA; Sutherland RL; Apte MV; Scarlett CJ; Biankin AV. 2011. Retinoid signaling in pancreatic cancer, injury and regeneration. PLoS One 6(12):e29075. [PubMed: 22220202]  [MGI Ref ID J:182325]

Connolly MK; Mallen-St Clair J; Bedrosian AS; Malhotra A; Vera V; Ibrahim J; Henning J; Pachter HL; Bar-Sagi D; Frey AB; Miller G. 2010. Distinct populations of metastases-enabling myeloid cells expand in the liver of mice harboring invasive and preinvasive intra-abdominal tumor. J Leukoc Biol 87(4):713-25. [PubMed: 20042467]  [MGI Ref ID J:158851]

Cook N; Frese KK; Bapiro TE; Jacobetz MA; Gopinathan A; Miller JL; Rao SS; Demuth T; Howat WJ; Jodrell DI; Tuveson DA. 2012. Gamma secretase inhibition promotes hypoxic necrosis in mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Exp Med 209(3):437-44. [PubMed: 22351932]  [MGI Ref ID J:182504]

Corcoran RB; Cheng KA; Hata AN; Faber AC; Ebi H; Coffee EM; Greninger P; Brown RD; Godfrey JT; Cohoon TJ; Song Y; Lifshits E; Hung KE; Shioda T; Dias-Santagata D; Singh A; Settleman J; Benes CH; Mino-Kenudson M; Wong KK; Engelman JA. 2013. Synthetic lethal interaction of combined BCL-XL and MEK inhibition promotes tumor regressions in KRAS mutant cancer models. Cancer Cell 23(1):121-8. [PubMed: 23245996]  [MGI Ref ID J:194363]

Corcoran RB; Contino G; Deshpande V; Tzatsos A; Conrad C; Benes CH; Levy DE; Settleman J; Engelman JA; Bardeesy N. 2011. STAT3 Plays a Critical Role in KRAS-Induced Pancreatic Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 71(14):5020-9. [PubMed: 21586612]  [MGI Ref ID J:174088]

Cortez-Retamozo V; Etzrodt M; Newton A; Rauch PJ; Chudnovskiy A; Berger C; Ryan RJ; Iwamoto Y; Marinelli B; Gorbatov R; Forghani R; Novobrantseva TI; Koteliansky V; Figueiredo JL; Chen JW; Anderson DG; Nahrendorf M; Swirski FK; Weissleder R; Pittet MJ. 2012. Origins of tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(7):2491-6. [PubMed: 22308361]  [MGI Ref ID J:182625]

Cortez-Retamozo V; Etzrodt M; Newton A; Ryan R; Pucci F; Sio SW; Kuswanto W; Rauch PJ; Chudnovskiy A; Iwamoto Y; Kohler R; Marinelli B; Gorbatov R; Wojtkiewicz G; Panizzi P; Mino-Kenudson M; Forghani R; Figueiredo JL; Chen JW; Xavier R; Swirski FK; Nahrendorf M; Weissleder R; Pittet MJ. 2013. Angiotensin II Drives the Production of Tumor-Promoting Macrophages. Immunity 38(2):296-308. [PubMed: 23333075]  [MGI Ref ID J:193393]

Curtis SJ; Sinkevicius KW; Li D; Lau AN; Roach RR; Zamponi R; Woolfenden AE; Kirsch DG; Wong KK; Kim CF. 2010. Primary tumor genotype is an important determinant in identification of lung cancer propagating cells. Cell Stem Cell 7(1):127-33. [PubMed: 20621056]  [MGI Ref ID J:162238]

Cutts BA; Sjogren AK; Andersson KM; Wahlstrom AM; Karlsson C; Swolin B; Bergo MO. 2009. Nf1 deficiency cooperates with oncogenic K-RAS to induce acute myeloid leukemia in mice. Blood 114(17):3629-32. [PubMed: 19710506]  [MGI Ref ID J:153839]

Daikoku T; Tranguch S; Trofimova IN; Dinulescu DM; Jacks T; Nikitin AY; Connolly DC; Dey SK. 2006. Cyclooxygenase-1 is overexpressed in multiple genetically engineered mouse models of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 66(5):2527-31. [PubMed: 16510568]  [MGI Ref ID J:106703]

Dail M; Li Q; McDaniel A; Wong J; Akagi K; Huang B; Kang HC; Kogan SC; Shokat K; Wolff L; Braun BS; Shannon K. 2010. Mutant Ikzf1, KrasG12D, and Notch1 cooperate in T lineage leukemogenesis and modulate responses to targeted agents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(11):5106-11. [PubMed: 20194733]  [MGI Ref ID J:158752]

Daniluk J; Liu Y; Deng D; Chu J; Huang H; Gaiser S; Cruz-Monserrate Z; Wang H; Ji B; Logsdon CD. 2012. An NF-kappaB pathway-mediated positive feedback loop amplifies Ras activity to pathological levels in mice. J Clin Invest 122(4):1519-28. [PubMed: 22406536]  [MGI Ref ID J:184556]

Dasgupta B; Li W; Perry A; Gutmann DH. 2005. Glioma formation in neurofibromatosis 1 reflects preferential activation of K-RAS in astrocytes. Cancer Res 65(1):236-45. [PubMed: 15665300]  [MGI Ref ID J:95509]

Dasgupta B; Yi Y; Chen DY; Weber JD; Gutmann DH. 2005. Proteomic analysis reveals hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in neurofibromatosis 1-associated human and mouse brain tumors. Cancer Res 65(7):2755-60. [PubMed: 15805275]  [MGI Ref ID J:97360]

Dasgupta B; Yi Y; Hegedus B; Weber JD; Gutmann DH. 2005. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomic analysis reveals dysregulation of methionine aminopeptidase-2 expression in human and mouse neurofibromatosis 1-associated glioma. Cancer Res 65(21):9843-50. [PubMed: 16267007]  [MGI Ref ID J:102692]

Davies CC; Chakraborty A; Cipriani F; Haigh K; Haigh JJ; Behrens A. 2010. Identification of a co-activator that links growth factor signalling to c-Jun/AP-1 activation. Nat Cell Biol 12(10):963-72. [PubMed: 20852630]  [MGI Ref ID J:173145]

De La O JP; Emerson LL; Goodman JL; Froebe SC; Illum BE; Curtis AB; Murtaugh LC. 2008. Notch and Kras reprogram pancreatic acinar cells to ductal intraepithelial neoplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(48):18907-12. [PubMed: 19028876]  [MGI Ref ID J:142188]

De Raedt T; Walton Z; Yecies JL; Li D; Chen Y; Malone CF; Maertens O; Jeong SM; Bronson RT; Lebleu V; Kalluri R; Normant E; Haigis MC; Manning BD; Wong KK; Macleod KF; Cichowski K. 2011. Exploiting cancer cell vulnerabilities to develop a combination therapy for ras-driven tumors. Cancer Cell 20(3):400-13. [PubMed: 21907929]  [MGI Ref ID J:175966]

Dineen SP; Roland CL; Greer R; Carbon JG; Toombs JE; Gupta P; Bardeesy N; Sun H; Williams N; Minna JD; Brekken RA. 2010. Smac mimetic increases chemotherapy response and improves survival in mice with pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 70(7):2852-61. [PubMed: 20332237]  [MGI Ref ID J:158892]

Dinulescu DM; Ince TA; Quade BJ; Shafer SA; Crowley D; Jacks T. 2005. Role of K-ras and Pten in the development of mouse models of endometriosis and endometrioid ovarian cancer. Nat Med 11(1):63-70. [PubMed: 15619626]  [MGI Ref ID J:96296]

DuPage M; Mazumdar C; Schmidt LM; Cheung AF; Jacks T. 2012. Expression of tumour-specific antigens underlies cancer immunoediting. Nature 482(7385):405-9. [PubMed: 22318517]  [MGI Ref ID J:181323]

Dufresne M; Clerc P; Dieng M; Edir A; Couvelard A; Delisle MB; Fourmy D; Gigoux V. 2011. Id3 modulates cellular localization of bHLH Ptf1-p48 protein. Int J Cancer 129(2):295-306. [PubMed: 20830706]  [MGI Ref ID J:173813]

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Shankar S; Nall D; Tang SN; Meeker D; Passarini J; Sharma J; Srivastava RK. 2011. Resveratrol inhibits pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics in human and KrasG12D transgenic mice by inhibiting pluripotency maintaining factors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 6(1):e16530. [PubMed: 21304978]  [MGI Ref ID J:169546]

Shaw AT; Meissner A; Dowdle JA; Crowley D; Magendantz M; Ouyang C; Parisi T; Rajagopal J; Blank LJ; Bronson RT; Stone JR; Tuveson DA; Jaenisch R; Jacks T. 2007. Sprouty-2 regulates oncogenic K-ras in lung development and tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 21(6):694-707. [PubMed: 17369402]  [MGI Ref ID J:119477]

Shaw AT; Winslow MM; Magendantz M; Ouyang C; Dowdle J; Subramanian A; Lewis TA; Maglathin RL; Tolliday N; Jacks T. 2011. Selective killing of K-ras mutant cancer cells by small molecule inducers of oxidative stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(21):8773-8. [PubMed: 21555567]  [MGI Ref ID J:171896]

Shi G; Zhu L; Sun Y; Bettencourt R; Damsz B; Hruban RH; Konieczny SF. 2009. Loss of the acinar-restricted transcription factor Mist1 accelerates Kras-induced pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Gastroenterology 136(4):1368-78. [PubMed: 19249398]  [MGI Ref ID J:148190]

Shields DJ; Murphy EA; Desgrosellier JS; Mielgo A; Lau SK; Barnes LA; Lesperance J; Huang M; Schmedt C; Tarin D; Lowy AM; Cheresh DA. 2011. Oncogenic Ras/Src cooperativity in pancreatic neoplasia. Oncogene 30(18):2123-34. [PubMed: 21242978]  [MGI Ref ID J:173715]

Simin K; Hill R; Song Y; Zhang Q; Bash R; Cardiff RD; Yin C; Xiao A; McCarthy K; van Dyke T. 2005. Deciphering cancer complexities in genetically engineered mice. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 70:283-90. [PubMed: 16869764]  [MGI Ref ID J:116748]

Singh A; Greninger P; Rhodes D; Koopman L; Violette S; Bardeesy N; Settleman J. 2009. A gene expression signature associated with 'K-Ras addiction' reveals regulators of EMT and tumor cell survival. Cancer Cell 15(6):489-500. [PubMed: 19477428]  [MGI Ref ID J:149663]

Singh M; Couto SS; Forrest WF; Lima A; Cheng JH; Molina R; Long JE; Hamilton P; McNutt A; Kasman I; Nannini MA; Reslan HB; Cao TC; Ho CC; Barck KH; Carano RA; Foreman O; Eastham-Anderson J; Jubb AM; Ferrara N; Johnson L. 2012. Anti-VEGF antibody therapy does not promote metastasis in genetically engineered mouse tumour models. J Pathol 227(4):417-30. [PubMed: 22611036]  [MGI Ref ID J:187012]

Siveke JT; Einwachter H; Sipos B; Lubeseder-Martellato C; Kloppel G; Schmid RM. 2007. Concomitant Pancreatic Activation of Kras(G12D) and Tgfa Results in Cystic Papillary Neoplasms Reminiscent of Human IPMN. Cancer Cell 12(3):266-79. [PubMed: 17785207]  [MGI Ref ID J:124969]

Sjogren AK; Andersson KM; Khan O; Olofsson FJ; Karlsson C; Bergo MO. 2011. Inactivating GGTase-I reduces disease phenotypes in a mouse model of K-RAS-induced myeloproliferative disease. Leukemia 25(1):186-9. [PubMed: 20975663]  [MGI Ref ID J:167639]

Sjogren AK; Andersson KM; Liu M; Cutts BA; Karlsson C; Wahlstrom AM; Dalin M; Weinbaum C; Casey PJ; Tarkowski A; Swolin B; Young SG; Bergo MO. 2007. GGTase-I deficiency reduces tumor formation and improves survival in mice with K-RAS-induced lung cancer. J Clin Invest 117(5):1294-304. [PubMed: 17476360]  [MGI Ref ID J:122107]

Skoulidis F; Cassidy LD; Pisupati V; Jonasson JG; Bjarnason H; Eyfjord JE; Karreth FA; Lim M; Barber LM; Clatworthy SA; Davies SE; Olive KP; Tuveson DA; Venkitaraman AR. 2010. Germline Brca2 heterozygosity promotes Kras(G12D) -driven carcinogenesis in a murine model of familial pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell 18(5):499-509. [PubMed: 21056012]  [MGI Ref ID J:166678]

Smith C; Chang MY; Parker KH; Beury DW; DuHadaway JB; Flick HE; Boulden J; Sutanto-Ward E; Soler AP; Laury-Kleintop LD; Mandik-Nayak L; Metz R; Ostrand-Rosenberg S; Prendergast GC; Muller AJ. 2012. IDO is a nodal pathogenic driver of lung cancer and metastasis development. Cancer Discov 2(8):722-35. [PubMed: 22822050]  [MGI Ref ID J:193156]

Soucek L; Whitfield J; Martins CP; Finch AJ; Murphy DJ; Sodir NM; Karnezis AN; Swigart LB; Nasi S; Evan GI. 2008. Modelling Myc inhibition as a cancer therapy. Nature 455(7213):679-83. [PubMed: 18716624]  [MGI Ref ID J:141029]

Su W; Xing R; Guha A; Gutmann DH; Sherman LS. 2007. Mice with GFAP-targeted loss of neurofibromin demonstrate increased axonal MET expression with aging. Glia 55(7):723-33. [PubMed: 17348023]  [MGI Ref ID J:156097]

Sureban SM; May R; Lightfoot SA; Hoskins AB; Lerner M; Brackett DJ; Postier RG; Ramanujam R; Mohammed A; Rao CV; Wyche JH; Anant S; Houchen CW. 2011. DCAMKL-1 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Pancreatic Cells through a miR-200a-Dependent Mechanism. Cancer Res 71(6):2328-38. [PubMed: 21285251]  [MGI Ref ID J:170354]

Tang N; Marshall WF; McMahon M; Metzger RJ; Martin GR. 2011. Control of mitotic spindle angle by the RAS-regulated ERK1/2 pathway determines lung tube shape. Science 333(6040):342-5. [PubMed: 21764747]  [MGI Ref ID J:174194]

Tian H; Callahan CA; DuPree KJ; Darbonne WC; Ahn CP; Scales SJ; de Sauvage FJ. 2009. Hedgehog signaling is restricted to the stromal compartment during pancreatic carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(11):4254-9. [PubMed: 19246386]  [MGI Ref ID J:146777]

Timpson P; McGhee EJ; Morton JP; von Kriegsheim A; Schwarz JP; Karim SA; Doyle B; Quinn JA; Carragher NO; Edward M; Olson MF; Frame MC; Brunton VG; Sansom OJ; Anderson KI. 2011. Spatial regulation of RhoA activity during pancreatic cancer cell invasion driven by mutant p53. Cancer Res 71(3):747-57. [PubMed: 21266354]  [MGI Ref ID J:169401]

Tinder TL; Subramani DB; Basu GD; Bradley JM; Schettini J; Million A; Skaar T; Mukherjee P. 2008. MUC1 enhances tumor progression and contributes toward immunosuppression in a mouse model of spontaneous pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Immunol 181(5):3116-25. [PubMed: 18713982]  [MGI Ref ID J:138959]

Ting DT; Lipson D; Paul S; Brannigan BW; Akhavanfard S; Coffman EJ; Contino G; Deshpande V; Iafrate AJ; Letovsky S; Rivera MN; Bardeesy N; Maheswaran S; Haber DA. 2011. Aberrant overexpression of satellite repeats in pancreatic and other epithelial cancers. Science 331(6017):593-6. [PubMed: 21233348]  [MGI Ref ID J:168148]

Torchia EC; Caulin C; Acin S; Terzian T; Kubick BJ; Box NF; Roop DR. 2012. Myc, Aurora Kinase A, and mutant p53(R172H) co-operate in a mouse model of metastatic skin carcinoma. Oncogene 31(21):2680-90. [PubMed: 21963848]  [MGI Ref ID J:186136]

Tran PT; Shroff EH; Burns TF; Thiyagarajan S; Das ST; Zabuawala T; Chen J; Cho YJ; Luong R; Tamayo P; Salih T; Aziz K; Adam SJ; Vicent S; Nielsen CH; Withofs N; Sweet-Cordero A; Gambhir SS; Rudin CM; Felsher DW. 2012. Twist1 suppresses senescence programs and thereby accelerates and maintains mutant kras-induced lung tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 8(5):e1002650. [PubMed: 22654667]  [MGI Ref ID J:185196]

Trejo CL; Juan J; Vicent S; Sweet-Cordero A; McMahon M. 2012. MEK1/2 inhibition elicits regression of autochthonous lung tumors induced by KRASG12D or BRAFV600E. Cancer Res 72(12):3048-59. [PubMed: 22511580]  [MGI Ref ID J:189336]

Trobridge P; Knoblaugh S; Washington MK; Munoz NM; Tsuchiya KD; Rojas A; Song X; Ulrich CM; Sasazuki T; Shirasawa S; Grady WM. 2009. TGF-beta receptor inactivation and mutant Kras induce intestinal neoplasms in mice via a beta-catenin-independent pathway. Gastroenterology 136(5):1680-8.e7. [PubMed: 19208363]  [MGI Ref ID J:148720]

Tuveson DA; Shaw AT; Willis NA; Silver DP; Jackson EL; Chang S; Mercer KL; Grochow R; Hock H; Crowley D; Hingorani SR; Zaks T; King C; Jacobetz MA; Wang L; Bronson RT; Orkin SH; DePinho RA; Jacks T. 2004. Endogenous oncogenic K-ras(G12D) stimulates proliferation and widespread neoplastic and developmental defects. Cancer Cell 5(4):375-87. [PubMed: 15093544]  [MGI Ref ID J:89333]

Tzatsos A; Paskaleva P; Ferrari F; Deshpande V; Stoykova S; Contino G; Wong KK; Lan F; Trojer P; Park PJ; Bardeesy N. 2013. KDM2B promotes pancreatic cancer via Polycomb-dependent and -independent transcriptional programs. J Clin Invest :. [PubMed: 23321669]  [MGI Ref ID J:194493]

Van Meter ME; Diaz-Flores E; Archard JA; Passegue E; Irish JM; Kotecha N; Nolan GP; Shannon K; Braun BS. 2007. K-RasG12D expression induces hyperproliferation and aberrant signaling in primary hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Blood 109(9):3945-52. [PubMed: 17192389]  [MGI Ref ID J:145335]

Vernon PJ; Loux TJ; Schapiro NE; Kang R; Muthuswamy R; Kalinski P; Tang D; Lotze MT; Zeh HJ 3rd. 2013. The receptor for advanced glycation end products promotes pancreatic carcinogenesis and accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J Immunol 190(3):1372-9. [PubMed: 23269246]  [MGI Ref ID J:192593]

Vicent S; Chen R; Sayles LC; Lin C; Walker RG; Gillespie AK; Subramanian A; Hinkle G; Yang X; Saif S; Root DE; Huff V; Hahn WC; Sweet-Cordero EA. 2010. Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) regulates KRAS-driven oncogenesis and senescence in mouse and human models. J Clin Invest 120(11):3940-52. [PubMed: 20972333]  [MGI Ref ID J:167562]

Vincent DF; Gout J; Chuvin N; Arfi V; Pommier RM; Bertolino P; Jonckheere N; Ripoche D; Kaniewski B; Martel S; Langlois JB; Goddard-Leon S; Colombe A; Janier M; Van Seuningen I; Losson R; Valcourt U; Treilleux I; Dubus P; Bardeesy N; Bartholin L. 2012. Tif1gamma suppresses murine pancreatic tumoral transformation by a smad4-independent pathway. Am J Pathol 180(6):2214-21. [PubMed: 22469842]  [MGI Ref ID J:184706]

Vincent DF; Yan KP; Treilleux I; Gay F; Arfi V; Kaniewsky B; Marie JC; Lepinasse F; Martel S; Goddard-Leon S; Iovanna JL; Dubus P; Garcia S; Puisieux A; Rimokh R; Bardeesy N; Scoazec JY; Losson R; Bartholin L. 2009. Inactivation of TIF1gamma cooperates with Kras to induce cystic tumors of the pancreas. PLoS Genet 5(7):e1000575. [PubMed: 19629168]  [MGI Ref ID J:151781]

Wahlstrom AM; Cutts BA; Karlsson C; Andersson KM; Liu M; Sjogren AK; Swolin B; Young SG; Bergo MO. 2007. Rce1 deficiency accelerates the development of K-RAS-induced myeloproliferative disease. Blood 109(2):763-8. [PubMed: 16973961]  [MGI Ref ID J:143675]

Wahlstrom AM; Cutts BA; Liu M; Lindskog A; Karlsson C; Sjogren AK; Andersson KM; Young SG; Bergo MO. 2008. Inactivating Icmt ameliorates K-RAS-induced myeloproliferative disease. Blood 112(4):1357-65. [PubMed: 18502828]  [MGI Ref ID J:138426]

Wang Z; Banerjee S; Ahmad A; Li Y; Azmi AS; Gunn JR; Kong D; Bao B; Ali S; Gao J; Mohammad RM; Miele L; Korc M; Sarkar FH. 2011. Activated K-ras and INK4a/Arf Deficiency Cooperate During the Development of Pancreatic Cancer by Activation of Notch and NF-kappaB Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 6(6):e20537. [PubMed: 21673986]  [MGI Ref ID J:174139]

Weinberg F; Hamanaka R; Wheaton WW; Weinberg S; Joseph J; Lopez M; Kalyanaraman B; Mutlu GM; Budinger GR; Chandel NS. 2010. Mitochondrial metabolism and ROS generation are essential for Kras-mediated tumorigenicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(19):8788-93. [PubMed: 20421486]  [MGI Ref ID J:160298]

Whipple CA; Young AL; Korc M. 2012. A KrasG12D-driven genetic mouse model of pancreatic cancer requires glypican-1 for efficient proliferation and angiogenesis. Oncogene 31(20):2535-44. [PubMed: 21996748]  [MGI Ref ID J:186130]

White AC; Tran K; Khuu J; Dang C; Cui Y; Binder SW; Lowry WE. 2011. Defining the origins of Ras/p53-mediated squamous cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(18):7425-30. [PubMed: 21502519]  [MGI Ref ID J:172216]

Winslow MM; Dayton TL; Verhaak RG; Kim-Kiselak C; Snyder EL; Feldser DM; Hubbard DD; DuPage MJ; Whittaker CA; Hoersch S; Yoon S; Crowley D; Bronson RT; Chiang DY; Meyerson M; Jacks T. 2011. Suppression of lung adenocarcinoma progression by Nkx2-1. Nature 473(7345):101-4. [PubMed: 21471965]  [MGI Ref ID J:171810]

Won JH; Zhang Y; Ji B; Logsdon CD; Yule DI. 2011. Phenotypic changes in mouse pancreatic stellate cell Ca2+ signaling events following activation in culture and in a disease model of pancreatitis. Mol Biol Cell 22(3):421-36. [PubMed: 21148289]  [MGI Ref ID J:182893]

Wong JC; Zhang Y; Lieuw KH; Tran MT; Forgo E; Weinfurtner K; Alzamora P; Kogan SC; Akagi K; Wolff L; Le Beau MM; Killeen N; Shannon K. 2010. Use of chromosome engineering to model a segmental deletion of chromosome band 7q22 found in myeloid malignancies. Blood 115(22):4524-32. [PubMed: 20233966]  [MGI Ref ID J:161558]

Woolfenden S; Zhu H; Charest A. 2009. A Cre/LoxP conditional luciferase reporter transgenic mouse for bioluminescence monitoring of tumorigenesis. Genesis 47(10):659-666. [PubMed: 19603508]  [MGI Ref ID J:153565]

Xia Y; Yeddula N; Leblanc M; Ke E; Zhang Y; Oldfield E; Shaw RJ; Verma IM. 2012. Reduced cell proliferation by IKK2 depletion in a mouse lung-cancer model. Nat Cell Biol 14(3):257-65. [PubMed: 22327365]  [MGI Ref ID J:185072]

Xu X; Rock JR; Lu Y; Futtner C; Schwab B; Guinney J; Hogan BL; Onaitis MW. 2012. Evidence for type II cells as cells of origin of K-Ras-induced distal lung adenocarcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(13):4910-5. [PubMed: 22411819]  [MGI Ref ID J:182218]

Yang Y; Iwanaga K; Raso MG; Wislez M; Hanna AE; Wieder ED; Molldrem JJ; Wistuba II; Powis G; Demayo FJ; Kim CF; Kurie JM. 2008. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mediates bronchioalveolar stem cell expansion in mouse models of oncogenic K-ras-induced lung cancer. PLoS ONE 3(5):e2220. [PubMed: 18493606]  [MGI Ref ID J:136369]

Ying H; Elpek KG; Vinjamoori A; Zimmerman SM; Chu GC; Yan H; Fletcher-Sananikone E; Zhang H; Liu Y; Wang W; Ren X; Zheng H; Kimmelman AC; Paik JH; Lim C; Perry SR; Jiang S; Malinn B; Protopopov A; Colla S; Xiao Y; Hezel AF; Bardeesy N; Turley SJ; Wang YA; Chin L; Thayer SP; DePinho RA. 2011. PTEN is a major tumor suppressor in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and regulates an NF-kappaB-cytokine network. Cancer Discov 1(2):158-69. [PubMed: 21984975]  [MGI Ref ID J:185636]

Young NP; Crowley D; Jacks T. 2011. Uncoupling Cancer Mutations Reveals Critical Timing of p53 Loss in Sarcomagenesis. Cancer Res 71(11):4040-7. [PubMed: 21512139]  [MGI Ref ID J:172206]

Zaslavsky A; Baek KH; Lynch RC; Short S; Grillo J; Folkman J; Italiano JE Jr; Ryeom S. 2010. Platelet-derived thrombospondin-1 is a critical negative regulator and potential biomarker of angiogenesis. Blood 115(22):4605-13. [PubMed: 20086246]  [MGI Ref ID J:161573]

Zhang J; Liu Y; Beard C; Tuveson DA; Jaenisch R; Jacks TE; Lodish HF. 2007. Expression of oncogenic K-ras from its endogenous promoter leads to a partial block of erythroid differentiation and hyperactivation of cytokine-dependent signaling pathways. Blood 109(12):5238-41. [PubMed: 17317860]  [MGI Ref ID J:145429]

Zhang J; Wang J; Liu Y; Sidik H; Young KH; Lodish HF; Fleming MD. 2009. Oncogenic Kras-induced leukemogeneis: hematopoietic stem cells as the initial target and lineage-specific progenitors as the potential targets for final leukemic transformation. Blood 113(6):1304-14. [PubMed: 19066392]  [MGI Ref ID J:145536]

Zhang N; Bai H; David KK; Dong J; Zheng Y; Cai J; Giovannini M; Liu P; Anders RA; Pan D. 2010. The Merlin/NF2 tumor suppressor functions through the YAP oncoprotein to regulate tissue homeostasis in mammals. Dev Cell 19(1):27-38. [PubMed: 20643348]  [MGI Ref ID J:162628]

Zhang Y; Wong J; Klinger M; Tran MT; Shannon KM; Killeen N. 2009. MLL5 contributes to hematopoietic stem cell fitness and homeostasis. Blood 113(7):1455-63. [PubMed: 18818388]  [MGI Ref ID J:145449]

Zhao Z; Zuber J; Diaz-Flores E; Lintault L; Kogan SC; Shannon K; Lowe SW. 2010. p53 loss promotes acute myeloid leukemia by enabling aberrant self-renewal. Genes Dev 24(13):1389-402. [PubMed: 20595231]  [MGI Ref ID J:161357]

Zhou C; Licciulli S; Avila JL; Cho M; Troutman S; Jiang P; Kossenkov AV; Showe LC; Liu Q; Vachani A; Albelda SM; Kissil JL. 2012. The Rac1 splice form Rac1b promotes K-ras-induced lung tumorigenesis. Oncogene :. [PubMed: 22430205]  [MGI Ref ID J:187582]

Zhu L; Shi G; Schmidt CM; Hruban RH; Konieczny SF. 2007. Acinar cells contribute to the molecular heterogeneity of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Pathol 171(1):263-73. [PubMed: 17591971]  [MGI Ref ID J:122825]

van der Weyden L; Alcolea MP; Jones PH; Rust AG; Arends MJ; Adams DJ. 2011. Acute sensitivity of the oral mucosa to oncogenic K-ras. J Pathol 224(1):22-32. [PubMed: 21381032]  [MGI Ref ID J:171248]

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