Description

Strain Information

Type Chemically Induced Mutation; Congenic; Mutant Strain; Additional information on Genetically Engineered and Mutant Mice. Visit our online Nomenclature tutorial. Additional information on Congenic nomenclature. Mating System Heterozygote x +/+ sibling         (Female x Male)   26-SEP-11 Mating System +/+ sibling x Heterozygote         (Female x Male)   26-SEP-11 Species laboratory mouse Generation N10+F4 (05-DEC-12) Generation Definitions   Donating Investigator Dr. Joseph S. Takahashi,   Univ Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr

Description
This strain carries the delta 19 Clock (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) mutation on a BALB/cJ genetic background. As compared with the original C57BL/6 background see Stock No. 002923), the circadian phenotype of BALB/c animals is suppressed. Heterozygotes and homozygotes are viable and fertile.

Development
ENU-mutagenesis of male C57BL/6J mice created an A to T transversion at the third base position of the 5' splice donor site of intron 19. Exon 19 is missing from Clock mRNA, causing a 51 amino acid deletion within the glutamine-rich region of the protein's C terminus (amino acids 514-564). Mice with this Clock^delta19 mutation (also called Clock^mut or Clock^m1Jt) were originally maintained on the C57BL/6J genetic background (see Stock No. 002923). This Clock^delta19 strain has been backcrossed to BALB/cJ for more than 10 generations by the donating laboratory.

Control Information

	Control
	+/+ from the colony
	000651 BALB/cJ	(approximate)
Considerations for Choosing Controls

Related Strains

Strains carrying   Clock^m1Jt allele

002923

C57BL/6J-Clockm1Jt/J

View Strains carrying   Clock^m1Jt     (1 strain)

Strains carrying other alleles of Clock

010925	B6.129S4-Clocktm1.1Rep/J
010490	B6.129S4-Clocktm1Rep/J
016167	B6.Cg-ClockGt(P007F12)Wrst/JtJ
016182	B6.Cg-Clocktm1Jt/J
008277	B6.Cg-Tg(tetO-Clockm1Jt)CL57Jt/J
008278	C57BL/6J-Tg(tetO-Clock)1Jt/J

View Strains carrying other alleles of Clock     (6 strains)

Phenotype

Phenotype Information

View Mammalian Phenotype Terms

Mammalian Phenotype Terms provided by MGI

      assigned by genotype

The following phenotype information may relate to a genetic background differing from this JAX^® Mice strain.

Clock^m1Jt/Clock⁺

        C57BL/6-Clock^m1Jt

• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal behavior
  • in a forced-swim test, female mice exhibit less immobility compared with wild-type mice but as much as in Clock^m1Jt homozygotes   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
  • however, anxiety and depressive-like behavior are not increased   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
• • abnormal circadian phase
    • in constant darkness, mice exhibit a 1 hour increase in free-running rhythm of locomotor activity compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
  • abnormal sleep pattern
    • mice spend 9% less time asleep during the entire 24 hour light dark cycle compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
    • during the 12 hour dark phase, mice spend less time in non-REM sleep than wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
    • during the 12 hour dark phase, REM sleep is shorter than in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
  • increased exploration in new environment
    • during constant darkness in an open field, mice spend more time exploring the center than wild-type mice but as much as in Clock^m1Jt homozygotes   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
  • increased vertical activity
    • in female mice in an open field test   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
  • prolonged circadian period
    • circadian period gradually lengthens over the first 39 days of constant darkness, with an average of 24.4 hours compared to 23.2 hours in wild-type   (MGI Ref ID J:18005)

Clock^m1Jt/Clock⁺

        involves: C57BL/6

• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• abnormal circulating protein level
  • mice exhibit decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:155089)
  • at zeitgeber time (ZT) 14, mice fail to exhibit a decreased in total plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) levels compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:155089)
• abnormal response to injury
  • diurnal variations in time to thrombotic vascular occlusion (TTVO) subsequent to photochemical injury observed in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:155089)
  • TTVO subsequent to photochemical injury is increased at zeitgeber time (ZT) 14 compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:155089)
• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal circadian rhythm
  • diurnal variations in thrombotic vascular occlusion subsequent to photochemical injury observed in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:155089)

Clock^m1Jt/Clock^m1Jt

        C57BL/6-Clock^m1Jt

• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal behavior
  • in a forced-swim test, female mice exhibit less immobility compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
  • in constant darkness, female mice exhibit reduced immobility in a forced-swim test compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
  • however, anxiety and depressive-like behavior are not increased   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
• • abnormal circadian rhythm
    • under dark dark conditions, mice spend more time awake than similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
    • delta energy accumulates over 28 hours unlike 24 in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
  • • abnormal circadian phase
      • in constant darkness, mice exhibit a 3 to 4 hour increase in free-running rhythm of locomotor activity compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
      • after a few weeks in constant darkness, mice exhibit a break-down in circadian rhymicity unlike similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
      • mice exhibit a change in the temporal pattern of total activity during the dark phase with attenuation of the two peaks of activity normally observed in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
      • as early as 3 weeks of age, diurnal rhythm of food intake is severely altered with only a 53% increase in food intake during the dark phase compared with 75% in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
    • abnormal circadian regulation of heart rate
      • diurnal variation in heart rate is disrupted during the dark phase   (MGI Ref ID J:125921)
    • abnormal circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
      • diurnal variation in mean arterial pressure is disrupted during the light phase   (MGI Ref ID J:125921)
    • arrhythmic circadian persistence
      • the long circadian period is followed by a complete loss of circadian rhythmicity after about 2 weeks in constant darkness, although a residual ultradian periodicity of 6-9 hours remains   (MGI Ref ID J:18005)
    • prolonged circadian period
      • mutants exhibit extremely long circadian periods of 26 to 29 hours on initial transfer to constant darkness   (MGI Ref ID J:18005)
  • abnormal food intake
    • food intake is increased during the light period and decreased during the dark phase compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
  • abnormal locomotor activation
    • activity levels are increased during the light period and decreased during the dark phase compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
  • • hyperactivity
      • in female mice   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
      • during the light phase   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
    • increased vertical activity
      • in female mice in an open field test   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
  • abnormal sleep pattern
    • mice spend 18% less time asleep during the entire 24 hour light dark cycle compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
    • during the 12 hour light and 12 hour dark phases, mice spend less time in non-REM sleep than wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
    • during the 12 hour dark phase, REM sleep is longer than in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
    • during the 12 hour light phase, sleep episodes are shorter than in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
    • whether sleep deprived or not, total NREM delta energy is decreased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
    • under dark dark conditions, mice spend more time awake and less time in NREM sleep than wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
    • delta energy accumulates over 28 hours unlike 24 in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
    • following sleep deprivation, mice exhibit less sleep and spend less time in REM sleep during the 12 hour dark phase compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:65198)
  • increased eating behavior
    • when fed a high fat diet during the light and dark phase   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
  • increased exploration in new environment
    • during constant darkness in an open field, mice spend more time exploring the center than wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
    • in an elevated plus maze, female mice exhibit increased number of arm entries compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:101849)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• abnormal basal metabolism
  • metabolic rate is increased during the light period and decreased during the dark phase compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• decreased circulating corticosterone level   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• decreased energy expenditure
  • 10% overall   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• • increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity
    • when fed a high fat diet, mice exhibit increased obesity with decreased gains in lean mass and increased gains in fat mass compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
    • by 6 weeks, mice fed a high fat diet is increased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• increased circulating cholesterol level
  • at 6 to 7 months when fed a regular diet   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• increased circulating glucose level
  • at 6 to 7 months when fed a regular diet   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• increased circulating leptin level
  • during the light phase when fed a regular and during the light and dark phase when fed a high fat diet   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• increased circulating triglyceride level
  • at 6 to 7 months when fed a regular diet   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• cardiovascular system phenotype
• abnormal circadian regulation of heart rate
  • diurnal variation in heart rate is disrupted during the dark phase   (MGI Ref ID J:125921)
• abnormal circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
  • diurnal variation in mean arterial pressure is disrupted during the light phase   (MGI Ref ID J:125921)
• decreased heart rate
  • only during the active phase   (MGI Ref ID J:125921)
• adipose tissue phenotype
• increased fat cell size
  • when fed a high fat diet   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• increased percent body fat
  • when fed a high fat diet, mice exhibit a 75% increase in fat mass compared with 25% in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• growth/size phenotype
• increased body weight
  • when fed a regular or high fat diet   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• increased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity
  • when fed a high fat diet, mice exhibit increased obesity with decreased gains in lean mass and increased gains in fat mass compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
  • by 6 weeks, mice fed a high fat diet is increased compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• liver/biliary system phenotype
• abnormal hepatocyte physiology
  • when mice are fed a high fat diet, hepatocytes exhibit lipid engorgement and glycogen accumulation compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)
• hepatic steatosis
  • when fed a high fat diet   (MGI Ref ID J:98343)

Clock^m1Jt/Clock^m1Jt

        involves: C57BL/6

• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• abnormal glucose homeostasis
  • diurnal variation in glucose levels is disrupted   (MGI Ref ID J:131694)
  • fail to display a significant time dependent variation in their response to glucose or insulin   (MGI Ref ID J:131694)
  • do not develop frank diabetes when fed a high fat diet   (MGI Ref ID J:131694)
• • abnormal gluconeogenesis
    • impaired   (MGI Ref ID J:131694)
  • increased insulin sensitivity
    • profound hypoglycemic response regardless of the time of day   (MGI Ref ID J:131694)
• abnormal lipid homeostasis
  • diurnal variation in triglyceride levels is disrupted   (MGI Ref ID J:131694)
• abnormal luteinizing hormone level
  • mice fail to exhibit an increase in luteinizing hormone level on the day of proestrus unlike wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
  • estradiol benzoate-injected mice fail to exhibit a surge in luteinizing hormone unlike similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
  • however, elevation of luteinizing hormone in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment is normal   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
• • decreased circulating luteinizing hormone level
    • estradiol benzoate-injected mice fail to exhibit a surge in luteinizing hormone unlike similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
    • however, elevation of luteinizing hormone in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment is normal   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
• decreased circulating estradiol level
  • during diestrus and post-coitus days 11 and 17   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
• decreased circulating progesterone level
  • during proestrus   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
• decreased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
  • estradiol benzoate-injected mice fail to exhibit a surge in luteinizing hormone unlike similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
  • however, elevation of luteinizing hormone in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment is normal   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
• increased circulating estradiol level
  • during proestrus   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
• increased circulating progesterone level
  • during proestrus   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal circadian rhythm
  • when kept in darkness for intervals of 10 days mice exhibit reduced amplitude compared to similarly treated wild-type mice, especially after the second 10-day interval   (MGI Ref ID J:40363)
• • abnormal circadian phase
    • mice exhibit more activity throughout the light and dark cycle with more pronounced differences at the beginning of the dark cycle and the beginning of the light cycle compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:99868)
  • prolonged circadian period   (MGI Ref ID J:40363)
• abnormal response to new environment
  • in a novel environment, locomotor activity increased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:99868)
• enhanced behavioral response to cocaine
  • following chronic cocaine treatment, behavioral sensitization is increased compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:99868)
  • mice exhibit a greater of place conditioning to a lower dose of cocaine compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:99868)
• hyperactivity
  • in a novel environment   (MGI Ref ID J:99868)
• increased vertical activity
  • in a novel environment   (MGI Ref ID J:99868)
• reproductive system phenotype
• *normal* reproductive system phenotype
  • ovarian tissue morphology is normal   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
• • abnormal pregnancy
    • mid-gestation mice exhibit increased post-coitus day 14 and full-term rate of fetal resorption and pregnancy failure at full-term compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
    • pseudopregnancy is shortened compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
  • • abnormal parturition
      • 43% of females exhibit an extended but non-productive labor or fail to enter labor and fully reabsorb full-term fetuses unlike wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
  • prolonged estrous cycle   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
  • prolonged estrus   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
  • short proestrus   (MGI Ref ID J:92343)
• nervous system phenotype
• abnormal single cell response
  • dopamine cell firing and bursting are enhanced compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:99868)

Clock^m1Jt/Clock^m1Jt

        involves: BALB/cJ * C57BL/6

• behavior/neurological phenotype
• arrhythmic circadian persistence
  • the long circadian period is followed by a complete loss of circadian rhythmicity after about 2 weeks in constant darkness, although a residual ultradian periodicity of 6-9 hours remains   (MGI Ref ID J:18005)
  • however, a single 6 hour light pulse, given after the loss of rhythmicity in constant darkness, can restore the long periodicity temporarily   (MGI Ref ID J:18005)
• prolonged circadian period
  • mutants exhibit extremely long circadian periods of 26 to 29 hours on initial transfer to constant darkness   (MGI Ref ID J:18005)
• nervous system phenotype
• *normal* nervous system phenotype
  • mutants do not exhibit any gross developmental or anatomical defects in the suprachiasmatic nucleus   (MGI Ref ID J:18005)

Clock^m1Jt/Clock^m1Jt

        involves: C57BL/6 * Jcl:ICR

• behavior/neurological phenotype
• *normal* behavior/neurological phenotype
  • mice exhibit normal passive avoidance   (MGI Ref ID J:116792)
• • abnormal circadian rhythm
    • the acrophases of body temperature, spontaneous activity, and wake are delayed by 2 to 3 hours compared with in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)
    • the acrophase of REM sleep is delayed 4.4 hours compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)
    • the difference in the acrophase between non-REM and REM sleep is 3.5 hours unlike in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)
    • peak electroencephalogram delta power of non-REM sleep appears at the onset of the light period unlike in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)
    • however, entrainment is intact   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)
    • the acrophase of body temperature, spontaneous activity, and sleep are delayed 2 to 3 hours compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:116792)
  • • abnormal circadian temperature homeostasis
      • during the first half of the dark period and at the end of the light period   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)
  • abnormal sleep pattern
    • the acrophase of REM sleep is delayed 4.4 hours compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)
    • the difference in the acrophase between non-REM and REM sleep is 3.5 hours unlike in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)
    • peak electroencephalogram delta power of non-REM sleep appears at the onset of the light period unlike in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)
    • mice spend less time in non-REM sleep with an increase in waking compared with wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)
  • abnormal spatial learning
    • escape latency in Morris water maze is increased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:116792)
  • hyperactivity
    • in an open field test   (MGI Ref ID J:116792)
  • increased vertical activity
    • in an open field test   (MGI Ref ID J:116792)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• abnormal circadian temperature homeostasis
  • during the first half of the dark period and at the end of the light period   (MGI Ref ID J:103663)

Clock^m1Jt/Clock^m1Jt

        involves: C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J * Jcl:ICR

• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal circadian rhythm
  • under light light conditions during lactation, mice exhibit delayed phase angle of locomotor activity onset during early developmental periods compared with similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:125037)
  • however, treatment with melatonin restores phase angle onset   (MGI Ref ID J:125037)
• • abnormal circadian phase
    • under light light conditions during lactation, 2 of 30 mice exhibit arrhythmicity of spontaneous activity unlike similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:125037)

Clock^m1Jt/Clock^m1Jt

        involves: BALB/c * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J * Jcl:ICR

• behavior/neurological phenotype
• abnormal circadian rhythm
  • kaolin-induced writhing day-night fluctuations are abolished and writhing is decreased during the inactive phase compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:128504)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• decreased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic
  • kaolin-induced writhing day-night fluctuations are abolished and writhing is decreased during the inactive phase compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:128504)
  • however, kaolin-induced bradykinin production and blood pressure suppression are normal   (MGI Ref ID J:128504)

Clock^m1Jt/Clock^m1Jt

        involves: C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J

• integument phenotype
• abnormal hair cycle
  • mice exhibit a delay in the first synchronized anagen that persists through out the hair cycle that is not as severe as in Arntl^tm1Bra homozygotes   (MGI Ref ID J:151782)
• • abnormal hair cycle anagen phase
    • the first synchronized anagen is delayed compared to in wild-type mice that is not as severe as in Arntl^tm1Bra homozygotes   (MGI Ref ID J:151782)

Clock^m1Jt/Clock^m1Jt

        C57BL/6J-Clock^m1Jt/J

• digestive/alimentary phenotype
• abnormal enterocyte physiology
  • lipid absorption and secretion by enterocytes is greater than in wild-type cells   (MGI Ref ID J:153782)
• abnormal intestinal absorption
  • peptide absorption is lower than in wild-type mice while absorption of glucose and lipid is higher   (MGI Ref ID J:153782)
• • abnormal glucose absorption
    • glucose absorption is higher than in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:153782)
  • abnormal intestinal lipid absorption
    • lipid absorption by enterocytes is increased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:153782)
• homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
• abnormal intestinal lipid absorption
  • lipid absorption by enterocytes is increased compared to in wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:153782)

Clock^m1Jt/Clock^m1Jt

        involves: BALB/cJ * C57BL/6 * C57BL/6J

• nervous system phenotype
• abnormal medium spiny neuron morphology
  • nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons have longer and more complex dendrites and exhibit reduced GluR1 expression than those of wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:166742)
  • lithium treatment reverses the changes in dendritic morphology   (MGI Ref ID J:166742)
• abnormal nervous system electrophysiology
  • phase coupling between nucleus accumbens low-gamma oscillatory activity and delta activity is disrupted and prelimbic cortex low-gamma cross-frequency phase coupling tends to be decreased   (MGI Ref ID J:166742)
  • mutant mice fail to display the nucleus accumbens low-gamma cross-frequency phase coupling observed in wild-type mice during behaviorally immobile periods   (MGI Ref ID J:166742)
  • mutants exhibit neuronal entrainment deficits in nucleus accumbens   (MGI Ref ID J:166742)
  • lithium treatment ameliorates the nucleus accumbens phase-signaling dysfunction   (MGI Ref ID J:166742)
• abnormal nucleus accumbens morphology
  • nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons have longer and more complex dendrites and exhibit reduced GluR1 expression than those of wild-type mice   (MGI Ref ID J:166742)

View Research Applications

Research Applications

This mouse can be used to support research in many areas including:

Neurobiology Research
Circadian Rhythms

Clock^m1Jt related

Neurobiology Research
Behavioral and Learning Defects
Circadian Rhythms

Reproductive Biology Research
Fertility Defects

Genes & Alleles

Gene & Allele Information provided by MGI

Allele Symbol		Clockm1Jt
Allele Name		Clock
Allele Type		Chemically induced (ENU)
Common Name(s)		Ck; Clockdelta19; Clockmut;
Mutation Made By		Dr. Joseph Takahashi,   Univ Texas Southwestern Medical Ctr
Strain of Origin		C57BL/6
Gene Symbol and Name		Clock, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput
Chromosome		5
Gene Common Name(s)		5330400M04Rik; KAT13D; RIKEN cDNA 5330400M04 gene; bHLHe8; mKIAA0334;
General Note		Phenotypic Similarity to Human Syndrome: Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome (J:125037). Phenotypic Similarity to Human Syndrome: Bipolar disorder (J:166742).
Molecular Note		ENU mutagenesis caused an A to T transversion at the third base position of the 5' splice donor site of intron 19. RT-PCR using primers for exon 15 and exon 21 detected shorter transcripts and no wild-type transcript in hypothalamus of homozygous mutant mice. Sequence analysis revealed that these shorter transcripts are missing exon 19. The authors predict the protein will be missing a 51 amino acid region within the carboxy terminus. [MGI Ref ID J:40364]

Genotyping

Genotyping Information

Genotyping Protocols

Clock^m1Jt, Pyrosequencing

Helpful Links

Genotyping resources and troubleshooting

References

References provided by MGI

Selected Reference(s)

Vitaterna MH; King DP; Chang AM; Kornhauser JM; Lowrey PL; McDonald JD; Dove WF; Pinto LH; Turek FW; Takahashi JS. 1994. Mutagenesis and mapping of a mouse gene, Clock, essential for circadian behavior. Science 264(5159):719-25. [PubMed: 8171325]  [MGI Ref ID J:18005]

Additional References

Clock^m1Jt related

Andrews JL; Zhang X; McCarthy JJ; McDearmon EL; Hornberger TA; Russell B; Campbell KS; Arbogast S; Reid MB; Walker JR; Hogenesch JB; Takahashi JS; Esser KA. 2010. CLOCK and BMAL1 regulate MyoD and are necessary for maintenance of skeletal muscle phenotype and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(44):19090-5. [PubMed: 20956306]  [MGI Ref ID J:166235]

Anea CB; Zhang M; Stepp DW; Simkins GB; Reed G; Fulton DJ; Rudic RD. 2009. Vascular disease in mice with a dysfunctional circadian clock. Circulation 119(11):1510-7. [PubMed: 19273720]  [MGI Ref ID J:166003]

Antoch MP; Song EJ; Chang AM; Vitaterna MH; Zhao Y; Wilsbacher LD; Sangoram AM; King DP; Pinto LH; Takahashi JS. 1997. Functional identification of the mouse circadian Clock gene by transgenic BAC rescue. Cell 89(4):655-67. [PubMed: 9160756]  [MGI Ref ID J:40363]

Beaule C; Swanstrom A; Leone MJ; Herzog ED. 2009. Circadian modulation of gene expression, but not glutamate uptake, in mouse and rat cortical astrocytes. PLoS One 4(10):e7476. [PubMed: 19829696]  [MGI Ref ID J:154095]

Bertolucci C; Cavallari N; Colognesi I; Aguzzi J; Chen Z; Caruso P; Foa A; Tosini G; Bernardi F; Pinotti M. 2008. Evidence for an overlapping role of CLOCK and NPAS2 transcription factors in liver circadian oscillators. Mol Cell Biol 28(9):3070-5. [PubMed: 18316400]  [MGI Ref ID J:135812]

Challet E; Takahashi JS; Turek FW. 2000. Nonphotic phase-shifting in clock mutant mice. Brain Res 859(2):398-403. [PubMed: 10719095]  [MGI Ref ID J:61117]

Cordes S; Gallistel CR. 2008. Intact interval timing in circadian CLOCK mutants. Brain Res 1227:120-7. [PubMed: 18602902]  [MGI Ref ID J:139724]

Cretenet G; Le Clech M; Gachon F. 2010. Circadian clock-coordinated 12 Hr period rhythmic activation of the IRE1alpha pathway controls lipid metabolism in mouse liver. Cell Metab 11(1):47-57. [PubMed: 20074527]  [MGI Ref ID J:157002]

Curtis AM; Cheng Y; Kapoor S; Reilly D; Price TS; Fitzgerald GA. 2007. Circadian variation of blood pressure and the vascular response to asynchronous stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(9):3450-5. [PubMed: 17360665]  [MGI Ref ID J:125921]

Doi R; Oishi K; Ishida N. 2010. CLOCK regulates circadian rhythms of hepatic glycogen synthesis through transcriptional activation of Gys2. J Biol Chem 285(29):22114-21. [PubMed: 20430893]  [MGI Ref ID J:165365]

Dolatshad H; Campbell EA; O'Hara L; Maywood ES; Hastings MH; Johnson MH. 2006. Developmental and reproductive performance in circadian mutant mice. Hum Reprod 21(1):68-79. [PubMed: 16210390]  [MGI Ref ID J:106391]

Dzirasa K; Coque L; Sidor MM; Kumar S; Dancy EA; Takahashi JS; McClung CA; Nicolelis MA. 2010. Lithium ameliorates nucleus accumbens phase-signaling dysfunction in a genetic mouse model of mania. J Neurosci 30(48):16314-23. [PubMed: 21123577]  [MGI Ref ID J:166742]

Easton A; Arbuzova J; Turek FW. 2003. The circadian Clock mutation increases exploratory activity and escape-seeking behavior. Genes Brain Behav 2(1):11-9. [PubMed: 12882315]  [MGI Ref ID J:101849]

Fortier EE; Rooney J; Dardente H; Hardy MP; Labrecque N; Cermakian N. 2011. Circadian variation of the response of T cells to antigen. J Immunol 187(12):6291-300. [PubMed: 22075697]  [MGI Ref ID J:180411]

Hamdan AM; Koyanagi S; Wada E; Kusunose N; Murakami Y; Matsunaga N; Ohdo S. 2012. Intestinal expression of mouse Abcg2/breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) gene is under control of circadian clock-activating transcription factor-4 pathway. J Biol Chem 287(21):17224-31. [PubMed: 22396548]  [MGI Ref ID J:185630]

Herzog ED; Grace MS; Harrer C; Williamson J; Shinohara K; Block GD. 2000. The role of clock in the developmental expression of neuropeptides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus J Comp Neurol 424(1):86-98. [PubMed: 10888741]  [MGI Ref ID J:63453]

Horikawa K; Minami Y; Iijima M; Akiyama M; Shibata S. 2005. Rapid damping of food-entrained circadian rhythm of clock gene expression in clock-defective peripheral tissues under fasting conditions. Neuroscience 134(1):335-43. [PubMed: 15961241]  [MGI Ref ID J:104434]

Hughes ME; Hong HK; Chong JL; Indacochea AA; Lee SS; Han M; Takahashi JS; Hogenesch JB. 2012. Brain-specific rescue of Clock reveals system-driven transcriptional rhythms in peripheral tissue. PLoS Genet 8(7):e1002835. [PubMed: 22844252]  [MGI Ref ID J:188150]

Kennaway DJ; Boden MJ; Voultsios A. 2004. Reproductive performance in female Clock Delta19 mutant mice. Reprod Fertil Dev 16(8):801-10. [PubMed: 15740704]  [MGI Ref ID J:154436]

Kennaway DJ; Owens JA; Voultsios A; Varcoe TJ. 2006. Functional central rhythmicity and light entrainment, but not liver and muscle rhythmicity, are Clock independent. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291(4):R1172-80. [PubMed: 16709646]  [MGI Ref ID J:112417]

Kennaway DJ; Voultsios A; Varcoe TJ; Moyer RW. 2003. Melatonin and activity rhythm responses to light pulses in mice with the Clock mutation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284(5):R1231-40. [PubMed: 12521925]  [MGI Ref ID J:83391]

Kim J; Matsunaga N; Koyanagi S; Ohdo S. 2009. Clock gene mutation modulates the cellular sensitivity to genotoxic stress through altering the expression of N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase gene. Biochem Pharmacol 78(8):1075-82. [PubMed: 19540206]  [MGI Ref ID J:154338]

King DP; Vitaterna MH; Chang AM; Dove WF; Pinto LH; Turek FW ; Takahashi JS. 1997. The mouse Clock mutation behaves as an antimorph and maps within the W19H deletion, distal of Kit. Genetics 146(3):1049-60. [PubMed: 9215907]  [MGI Ref ID J:41383]

King DP; Zhao Y; Sangoram AM; Wilsbacher LD; Tanaka M; Antoch MP; Steeves TD; Vitaterna MH; Kornhauser JM; Lowrey PL; Turek FW; Takahashi JS. 1997. Positional cloning of the mouse circadian clock gene. Cell 89(4):641-53. [PubMed: 9160755]  [MGI Ref ID J:40364]

Kolker DE; Vitaterna MH; Fruechte EM; Takahashi JS; Turek FW. 2004. Effects of age on circadian rhythms are similar in wild-type and heterozygous Clock mutant mice. Neurobiol Aging 25(4):517-23. [PubMed: 15013573]  [MGI Ref ID J:102074]

Kondratov RV; Shamanna RK; Kondratova AA; Gorbacheva VY; Antoch MP. 2006. Dual role of the CLOCK/BMAL1 circadian complex in transcriptional regulation. FASEB J 20(3):530-2. [PubMed: 16507766]  [MGI Ref ID J:129714]

Koyanagi S; Hamdan AM; Horiguchi M; Kusunose N; Okamoto A; Matsunaga N; Ohdo S. 2011. cAMP-response element (CRE)-mediated transcription by activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4) is essential for circadian expression of the Period2 gene. J Biol Chem 286(37):32416-23. [PubMed: 21768648]  [MGI Ref ID J:176743]

Kudo T; Kawashima M; Tamagawa T; Shibata S. 2008. Clock mutation facilitates accumulation of cholesterol in the liver of mice fed a cholesterol and/or cholic acid diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294(1):E120-30. [PubMed: 17971517]  [MGI Ref ID J:131221]

Lin KK; Kumar V; Geyfman M; Chudova D; Ihler AT; Smyth P; Paus R; Takahashi JS; Andersen B. 2009. Circadian clock genes contribute to the regulation of hair follicle cycling. PLoS Genet 5(7):e1000573. [PubMed: 19629164]  [MGI Ref ID J:151782]

Low-Zeddies SS; Takahashi JS. 2001. Chimera analysis of the Clock mutation in mice shows that complex cellular integration determines circadian behavior. Cell 105(1):25-42. [PubMed: 11301000]  [MGI Ref ID J:68852]

Malkesman O; Austin DR; Chen G; Manji HK. 2009. Reverse translational strategies for developing animal models of bipolar disorder. Dis Model Mech 2(5-6):238-45. [PubMed: 19407332]  [MGI Ref ID J:149734]

Marcheva B; Ramsey KM; Buhr ED; Kobayashi Y; Su H; Ko CH; Ivanova G; Omura C; Mo S; Vitaterna MH; Lopez JP; Philipson LH; Bradfield CA; Crosby SD; JeBailey L; Wang X; Takahashi JS; Bass J. 2010. Disruption of the clock components CLOCK and BMAL1 leads to hypoinsulinaemia and diabetes. Nature 466(7306):627-31. [PubMed: 20562852]  [MGI Ref ID J:162641]

McClung CA; Sidiropoulou K; Vitaterna M; Takahashi JS; White FJ; Cooper DC; Nestler EJ. 2005. Regulation of dopaminergic transmission and cocaine reward by the Clock gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(26):9377-81. [PubMed: 15967985]  [MGI Ref ID J:99868]

Miller BH; McDearmon EL; Panda S; Hayes KR; Zhang J; Andrews JL; Antoch MP; Walker JR; Esser KA; Hogenesch JB; Takahashi JS. 2007. Circadian and CLOCK-controlled regulation of the mouse transcriptome and cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(9):3342-7. [PubMed: 17360649]  [MGI Ref ID J:125900]

Miller BH; Olson SL; Levine JE; Turek FW; Horton TH; Takahashi JS. 2006. Vasopressin regulation of the proestrous luteinizing hormone surge in wild-type and clock mutant mice. Biol Reprod 75(5):778-84. [PubMed: 16870944]  [MGI Ref ID J:114469]

Miller BH; Olson SL; Turek FW; Levine JE; Horton TH; Takahashi JS. 2004. Circadian clock mutation disrupts estrous cyclicity and maintenance of pregnancy. Curr Biol 14(15):1367-73. [PubMed: 15296754]  [MGI Ref ID J:92343]

Mohawk JA; Baer ML; Menaker M. 2009. The methamphetamine-sensitive circadian oscillator does not employ canonical clock genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(9):3519-24. [PubMed: 19204282]  [MGI Ref ID J:146448]

Mongrain V; Ruan X; Dardente H; Fortier EE; Cermakian N. 2008. Clock-dependent and independent transcriptional control of the two isoforms from the mouse Rorgammagene. Genes Cells 13(12):1197-210. [PubMed: 19076641]  [MGI Ref ID J:146572]

Nakahata Y; Sahar S; Astarita G; Kaluzova M; Sassone-Corsi P. 2009. Circadian control of the NAD+ salvage pathway by CLOCK-SIRT1. Science 324(5927):654-7. [PubMed: 19286518]  [MGI Ref ID J:147996]

Nakamura W; Honma S; Shirakawa T; Honma K. 2002. Clock mutation lengthens the circadian period without damping rhythms in individual SCN neurons. Nat Neurosci 5(5):399-400. [PubMed: 11953751]  [MGI Ref ID J:109488]

Nakamura W; Yamazaki S; Nakamura TJ; Shirakawa T; Block GD; Takumi T. 2008. In vivo monitoring of circadian timing in freely moving mice. Curr Biol 18(5):381-5. [PubMed: 18334203]  [MGI Ref ID J:135998]

Naylor E; Bergmann BM; Krauski K; Zee PC; Takahashi JS; Vitaterna MH; Turek FW. 2000. The circadian clock mutation alters sleep homeostasis in the mouse J Neurosci 20(21):8138-43. [PubMed: 11050136]  [MGI Ref ID J:65198]

Noshiro M; Usui E; Kawamoto T; Sato F; Nakashima A; Ueshima T; Honda K; Fujimoto K; Honma S; Honma K; Makishima M; Kato Y. 2009. Liver X receptors (LXRalpha and LXRbeta) are potent regulators for hepatic Dec1 expression. Genes Cells 14(1):29-40. [PubMed: 19032342]  [MGI Ref ID J:146580]

Ochi M; Sono S; Sei H; Oishi K; Kobayashi H; Morita Y; Ishida N. 2003. Sex difference in circadian period of body temperature in Clock mutant mice with Jcl/ICR background. Neurosci Lett 347(3):163-6. [PubMed: 12875911]  [MGI Ref ID J:108037]

Ohkura N; Oishi K; Fukushima N; Kasamatsu M; Atsumi GI; Ishida N; Horie S; Matsuda J. 2006. Circadian clock molecules CLOCK and CRYs modulate fibrinolytic activity by regulating the PAI-1 gene expression. J Thromb Haemost 4(11):2478-85. [PubMed: 16970803]  [MGI Ref ID J:135849]

Oike H; Nagai K; Fukushima T; Ishida N; Kobori M. 2011. Feeding cues and injected nutrients induce acute expression of multiple clock genes in the mouse liver. PLoS One 6(8):e23709. [PubMed: 21901130]  [MGI Ref ID J:176138]

Oishi K; Atsumi G; Sugiyama S; Kodomari I; Kasamatsu M; Machida K; Ishida N. 2006. Disrupted fat absorption attenuates obesity induced by a high-fat diet in Clock mutant mice. FEBS Lett 580(1):127-30. [PubMed: 16343493]  [MGI Ref ID J:136766]

Oishi K; Fukui H; Ishida N. 2000. Rhythmic expression of BMAL1 mRNA is altered in Clock mutant mice: differential regulation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 268(1):164-71. [PubMed: 10652231]  [MGI Ref ID J:60291]

Oishi K; Miyazaki K; Ishida N. 2002. Functional CLOCK is not involved in the entrainment of peripheral clocks to the restricted feeding: entrainable expression of mPer2 and BMAL1 mRNAs in the heart of Clock mutant mice on Jcl:ICR background. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 298(2):198. [PubMed: 12387815]  [MGI Ref ID J:79723]

Oishi K; Miyazaki K; Kadota K; Kikuno R; Nagase T; Atsumi G; Ohkura N; Azama T; Mesaki M; Yukimasa S; Kobayashi H; Iitaka C; Umehara T; Horikoshi M; Kudo T; Shimizu Y; Yano M; Monden M; Machida K; Matsuda J; Horie S; Todo T; Ishida N. 2003. Genome-wide expression analysis of mouse liver reveals CLOCK-regulated circadian output genes. J Biol Chem 278(42):41519-27. [PubMed: 12865428]  [MGI Ref ID J:119414]

Oishi K; Ohkura N; Amagai N; Ishida N. 2005. Involvement of circadian clock gene Clock in diabetes-induced circadian augmentation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in the mouse heart. FEBS Lett 579(17):3555-9. [PubMed: 15950223]  [MGI Ref ID J:99783]

Oishi K; Ohkura N; Sei H; Matsuda J; Ishida N. 2007. CLOCK regulates the circadian rhythm of kaolin-induced writhing behavior in mice. Neuroreport 18(18):1925-8. [PubMed: 18007188]  [MGI Ref ID J:128504]

Oishi K; Ohkura N; Wakabayashi M; Shirai H; Sato K; Matsuda J; Atsumi G; Ishida N. 2006. CLOCK is involved in obesity-induced disordered fibrinolysis in ob/ob mice by regulating PAI-1 gene expression. J Thromb Haemost 4(8):1774-80. [PubMed: 16879220]  [MGI Ref ID J:135847]

Oishi K; Shirai H; Ishida N. 2005. CLOCK is involved in the circadian transactivation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in mice. Biochem J 386(Pt 3):575-81. [PubMed: 15500444]  [MGI Ref ID J:117516]

Pan X; Hussain MM. 2009. Clock is important for food and circadian regulation of macronutrient absorption in mice. J Lipid Res 50:1800-1813. [PubMed: 19387090]  [MGI Ref ID J:153782]

Pan X; Zhang Y; Wang L; Hussain MM. 2010. Diurnal regulation of MTP and plasma triglyceride by CLOCK is mediated by SHP. Cell Metab 12(2):174-86. [PubMed: 20674862]  [MGI Ref ID J:163076]

Pitts S; Perone E; Silver R. 2003. Food-entrained circadian rhythms are sustained in arrhythmic Clk/Clk mutant mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 285(1):R57-67. [PubMed: 12649127]  [MGI Ref ID J:109337]

Ramsey KM; Yoshino J; Brace CS; Abrassart D; Kobayashi Y; Marcheva B; Hong HK; Chong JL; Buhr ED; Lee C; Takahashi JS; Imai S; Bass J. 2009. Circadian clock feedback cycle through NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis. Science 324(5927):651-4. [PubMed: 19299583]  [MGI Ref ID J:147991]

Ripperger JA; Jud C; Albrecht U. 2011. The daily rhythm of mice. FEBS Lett 585(10):1384-92. [PubMed: 21354419]  [MGI Ref ID J:172029]

Roybal K; Theobold D; Graham A; Dinieri JA; Russo SJ; Krishnan V; Chakravarty S; Peevey J; Oehrlein N; Birnbaum S; Vitaterna MH; Orsulak P; Takahashi JS; Nestler EJ; Carlezon WA Jr; McClung CA. 2007. From the Cover: Mania-like behavior induced by disruption of CLOCK. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(15):6406-11. [PubMed: 17379666]  [MGI Ref ID J:120839]

Rudic RD; McNamara P; Curtis AM; Boston RC; Panda S; Hogenesch JB; Fitzgerald GA. 2004. BMAL1 and CLOCK, two essential components of the circadian clock, are involved in glucose homeostasis. PLoS Biol 2(11):e377. [PubMed: 15523558]  [MGI Ref ID J:131694]

Sei H; Oishi K; Chikahisa S; Kitaoka K; Takeda E; Ishida N. 2008. Diurnal amplitudes of arterial pressure and heart rate are dampened in Clock mutant mice and adrenalectomized mice. Endocrinology 149(7):3576-80. [PubMed: 18403480]  [MGI Ref ID J:145372]

Sei H; Oishi K; Morita Y; Ishida N. 2001. Mouse model for morningness/eveningness. Neuroreport 12(7):1461-4. [PubMed: 11388430]  [MGI Ref ID J:103663]

Sei H; Oishi K; Sano A; Seno H; Ohmori T; Morita Y; Ishida N. 2006. Clock mutant mice with Jcl/ICR background shows an impaired learning ability in water maze, but not in passive avoidance, at the beginning of dark phase. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 46(2):81-5. [PubMed: 16732766]  [MGI Ref ID J:116792]

Sei H; Sano A; Oishi K; Fujihara H; Kobayashi H; Ishida N; Morita Y. 2003. Increase of hippocampal acetylcholine release at the onset of dark phase is suppressed in a mutant mice model of evening-type individuals. Neuroscience 117(4):785-9. [PubMed: 12654331]  [MGI Ref ID J:125668]

Shearman LP; Sriram S; Weaver DR; Maywood ES; Chaves I; Zheng B; Kume K; Lee CC; van der Horst GT; Hastings MH; Reppert SM. 2000. Interacting molecular loops in the mammalian circadian clock [see comments] Science 288(5468):1013-9. [PubMed: 10807566]  [MGI Ref ID J:62075]

Shearman LP; Weaver DR. 1999. Photic induction of Period gene expression is reduced in Clock mutant mice. Neuroreport 10(3):613-8. [PubMed: 10208599]  [MGI Ref ID J:54424]

Shi G; Xing L; Liu Z; Qu Z; Wu X; Dong Z; Wang X; Gao X; Huang M; Yan J; Yang L; Liu Y; Ptacek LJ; Xu Y. 2013. Dual roles of FBXL3 in the mammalian circadian feedback loops are important for period determination and robustness of the clock. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110(12):4750-5. [PubMed: 23471982]  [MGI Ref ID J:194250]

Spencer S; Torres-Altoro MI; Falcon E; Arey R; Marvin M; Goldberg M; Bibb JA; McClung CA. 2012. A mutation in CLOCK leads to altered dopamine receptor function. J Neurochem 123(1):124-34. [PubMed: 22757753]  [MGI Ref ID J:190583]

Spengler ML; Kuropatwinski KK; Comas M; Gasparian AV; Fedtsova N; Gleiberman AS; Gitlin II; Artemicheva NM; Deluca KA; Gudkov AV; Antoch MP. 2012. Core circadian protein CLOCK is a positive regulator of NF-kappaB-mediated transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(37):E2457-65. [PubMed: 22895791]  [MGI Ref ID J:189804]

Sujino M; Masumoto K; Yamaguchi S; van der Horst GT; Okamura H; Inouye SI. 2003. Suprachiasmatic nucleus grafts restore circadian behavioral rhythms of genetically arrhythmic mice. Curr Biol 13(8):664-8. [PubMed: 12699623]  [MGI Ref ID J:82988]

Takeda N; Maemura K; Horie S; Oishi K; Imai Y; Harada T; Saito T; Shiga T; Amiya E; Manabe I; Ishida N; Nagai R. 2007. Thrombomodulin is a clock-controlled gene in vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 282(45):32561-7. [PubMed: 17848551]  [MGI Ref ID J:126950]

Tokizawa K; Uchida Y; Nagashima K. 2009. Thermoregulation in the cold changes depending on the time of day and feeding condition: physiological and anatomical analyses of involved circadian mechanisms. Neuroscience 164(3):1377-86. [PubMed: 19703527]  [MGI Ref ID J:155139]

Turek FW; Joshu C; Kohsaka A; Lin E; Ivanova G; McDearmon E; Laposky A; Losee-Olson S; Easton A; Jensen DR; Eckel RH; Takahashi JS; Bass J. 2005. Obesity and metabolic syndrome in circadian Clock mutant mice. Science 308(5724):1043-5. [PubMed: 15845877]  [MGI Ref ID J:98343]

Udo R; Hamada T; Horikawa K; Iwahana E; Miyakawa K; Otsuka K; Shibata S. 2004. The role of Clock in the plasticity of circadian entrainment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 318(4):893-8. [PubMed: 15147955]  [MGI Ref ID J:90131]

Vitaterna MH; Ko CH; Chang AM; Buhr ED; Fruechte EM; Schook A; Antoch MP; Turek FW; Takahashi JS. 2006. The mouse Clock mutation reduces circadian pacemaker amplitude and enhances efficacy of resetting stimuli and phase-response curve amplitude. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(24):9327-32. [PubMed: 16754844]  [MGI Ref ID J:111042]

Wakatsuki Y; Kudo T; Shibata S. 2007. Constant light housing during nursing causes human DSPS (delayed sleep phase syndrome) behaviour in Clock-mutant mice. Eur J Neurosci 25(8):2413-24. [PubMed: 17445238]  [MGI Ref ID J:125037]

Westgate EJ; Cheng Y; Reilly DF; Price TS; Walisser JA; Bradfield CA; FitzGerald GA. 2008. Genetic components of the circadian clock regulate thrombogenesis in vivo. Circulation 117(16):2087-95. [PubMed: 18413500]  [MGI Ref ID J:155089]

Wilsbacher LD; Sangoram AM; Antoch MP; Takahashi JS. 2000. The mouse clock locus: sequence and comparative analysis of 204 Kb from mouse chromosome 5 Genome Res 10(12):1928-40. [PubMed: 11116088]  [MGI Ref ID J:66232]

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